Erin Pettit: Glaciers on the Run | Nat Geo Live

I’m gonna take you to some uncharted

I’m gonna take you to some uncharted territories where both we haven’t been

territories where both we haven’t been

territories where both we haven’t been and it’s changing and the more we can

and it’s changing and the more we can

and it’s changing and the more we can understand now

understand now

understand now well maybe get a little handle on what

well maybe get a little handle on what

well maybe get a little handle on what might happen in the future and I want to

might happen in the future and I want to

might happen in the future and I want to start by just telling you that I I

start by just telling you that I I

start by just telling you that I I vividly remember the first time I

vividly remember the first time I

vividly remember the first time I actually slept on a glacier

actually slept on a glacier

actually slept on a glacier I was climbing my Rainier fresh out of

I was climbing my Rainier fresh out of

I was climbing my Rainier fresh out of college it was before glaciers and

college it was before glaciers and

college it was before glaciers and climate change were a cocktail party

climate change were a cocktail party

climate change were a cocktail party conversation and the climb was great the

conversation and the climb was great the

conversation and the climb was great the view from the summit was beautiful but

view from the summit was beautiful but

view from the summit was beautiful but my favorite part was definitely sleeping

my favorite part was definitely sleeping

my favorite part was definitely sleeping on the glacier because when we all

on the glacier because when we all

on the glacier because when we all quieted down when everybody all the

quieted down when everybody all the

quieted down when everybody all the tents got quiet and we laid down just

tents got quiet and we laid down just

tents got quiet and we laid down just lying on that glacier you can actually

lying on that glacier you can actually

lying on that glacier you can actually feel it and hear it just thundering and

feel it and hear it just thundering and

feel it and hear it just thundering and cracking underneath me and this was when

cracking underneath me and this was when

cracking underneath me and this was when I really realized that ice really is

I really realized that ice really is

I really realized that ice really is alive it’s the stuff that it flows on

alive it’s the stuff that it flows on

alive it’s the stuff that it flows on our landscape it moves suddenly through

our landscape it moves suddenly through

our landscape it moves suddenly through the landscape sometimes sometimes you’ll

the landscape sometimes sometimes you’ll

the landscape sometimes sometimes you’ll get a big calving event or something but

get a big calving event or something but

get a big calving event or something but most the time it’s the subtle movement

most the time it’s the subtle movement

most the time it’s the subtle movement across our landscape as it creeps

across our landscape as it creeps

across our landscape as it creeps through valleys down mountains and that

through valleys down mountains and that

through valleys down mountains and that was what really inspired me to look into

was what really inspired me to look into

was what really inspired me to look into this further I really wanted to

this further I really wanted to

this further I really wanted to understand what was going on with the

understand what was going on with the

understand what was going on with the glaciers I’ve learned as much about

glaciers I’ve learned as much about

glaciers I’ve learned as much about myself and about the way we go about

myself and about the way we go about

myself and about the way we go about observing the world as I have about the

observing the world as I have about the

observing the world as I have about the ice itself and that’s because of that

ice itself and that’s because of that

ice itself and that’s because of that subtlety this this subtle movement on

subtlety this this subtle movement on

subtlety this this subtle movement on the landscape

the landscape

the landscape the changes that are happening sometimes

the changes that are happening sometimes

the changes that are happening sometimes changes you might if you’re lucky you

changes you might if you’re lucky you

changes you might if you’re lucky you can see a change in a glacier in a day

can see a change in a glacier in a day

can see a change in a glacier in a day it’s pretty hard even to see changes in

it’s pretty hard even to see changes in

it’s pretty hard even to see changes in glaciers over the course of a year and

glaciers over the course of a year and

glaciers over the course of a year and sometimes it’s even hard to see changes

sometimes it’s even hard to see changes

sometimes it’s even hard to see changes in some places over the course of your

in some places over the course of your

in some places over the course of your lifetime so the subtle these subtle

lifetime so the subtle these subtle

lifetime so the subtle these subtle changes this subtle movement on our

changes this subtle movement on our

changes this subtle movement on our landscape that’s actually quite

landscape that’s actually quite

landscape that’s actually quite important has made me think about how we

important has made me think about how we

important has made me think about how we really need to be careful observation

really need to be careful observation

really need to be careful observation Asst we need to be creative about how we

Asst we need to be creative about how we

Asst we need to be creative about how we approach observing these landscapes in

approach observing these landscapes in

approach observing these landscapes in order to really understand the behavior

order to really understand the behavior

order to really understand the behavior of these glaciers

of these glaciers

of these glaciers so why does the ice matter you guys have

so why does the ice matter you guys have

so why does the ice matter you guys have probably heard little bits from all

probably heard little bits from all

probably heard little bits from all different aspects it is beautiful it’s

different aspects it is beautiful it’s

different aspects it is beautiful it’s stunning it’s a very emotional landscape

stunning it’s a very emotional landscape

stunning it’s a very emotional landscape to be in when you’re surrounded by it as

to be in when you’re surrounded by it as

to be in when you’re surrounded by it as this painting by my friend Maria shows

this painting by my friend Maria shows

this painting by my friend Maria shows but it does impact all of us so the

but it does impact all of us so the

but it does impact all of us so the melting ice that’s going on every day

melting ice that’s going on every day

melting ice that’s going on every day now that’s been melting quite a bit over

now that’s been melting quite a bit over

now that’s been melting quite a bit over the last century and that is causing sea

the last century and that is causing sea

the last century and that is causing sea level rise everywhere and it might seem

level rise everywhere and it might seem

level rise everywhere and it might seem like a little bit of sea level rise when

like a little bit of sea level rise when

like a little bit of sea level rise when you hear it in terms of numbers but a

you hear it in terms of numbers but a

you hear it in terms of numbers but a little bit of sea level rise actually

little bit of sea level rise actually

little bit of sea level rise actually does change the wave action and the way

does change the wave action and the way

does change the wave action and the way storms hit any coast you get a more

storms hit any coast you get a more

storms hit any coast you get a more erosion you get just all sorts of

erosion you get just all sorts of

erosion you get just all sorts of changes weird deposition and erosion

changes weird deposition and erosion

changes weird deposition and erosion along the landscapes and along the

along the landscapes and along the

along the landscapes and along the coastlines you get farm lands being

coastlines you get farm lands being

coastlines you get farm lands being inundated by saltwater this is happening

inundated by saltwater this is happening

inundated by saltwater this is happening and it’s affecting everything from New

and it’s affecting everything from New

and it’s affecting everything from New York to Bangladesh and a little bit a

York to Bangladesh and a little bit a

York to Bangladesh and a little bit a little bit does have a big impact but

little bit does have a big impact but

little bit does have a big impact but the other reason that ice matters is

the other reason that ice matters is

the other reason that ice matters is that they’re actually a lot of local

that they’re actually a lot of local

that they’re actually a lot of local effects there are people in Norway and

effects there are people in Norway and

effects there are people in Norway and Iceland for example use hydro power from

Iceland for example use hydro power from

Iceland for example use hydro power from glaciers there’s water resources around

glaciers there’s water resources around

glaciers there’s water resources around the world many places around the world

the world many places around the world

the world many places around the world come from glaciers so Peru the Himalaya

come from glaciers so Peru the Himalaya

come from glaciers so Peru the Himalaya Norway Alaska there’s communities all

Norway Alaska there’s communities all

Norway Alaska there’s communities all over the world that really rely on the

over the world that really rely on the

over the world that really rely on the glaciers to provide their water

glaciers to provide their water

glaciers to provide their water resources but the ecosystem themselves

resources but the ecosystem themselves

resources but the ecosystem themselves also need those water resources their

also need those water resources their

also need those water resources their salmon that need that cold water coming

salmon that need that cold water coming

salmon that need that cold water coming in the middle of summer to give them the

in the middle of summer to give them the

in the middle of summer to give them the river that’s more comfortable that they

river that’s more comfortable that they

river that’s more comfortable that they want to swim up if they just have the

want to swim up if they just have the

want to swim up if they just have the water that’s been heated by the Sun all

water that’s been heated by the Sun all

water that’s been heated by the Sun all summer then that’s much more challenging

summer then that’s much more challenging

summer then that’s much more challenging environment for them so but a whole

environment for them so but a whole

environment for them so but a whole downstream ecosystem really relies on

downstream ecosystem really relies on

downstream ecosystem really relies on the amount and the timing of the water

the amount and the timing of the water

the amount and the timing of the water that comes down from the glaciers the

that comes down from the glaciers the

that comes down from the glaciers the same is true where the glaciers hit the

same is true where the glaciers hit the

same is true where the glaciers hit the ocean the glaciers affect the salinity

ocean the glaciers affect the salinity

ocean the glaciers affect the salinity of the water and the fjords it affects

of the water and the fjords it affects

of the water and the fjords it affects the circulation of the water in the

the circulation of the water in the

the circulation of the water in the fjords it gives seals places to get up

fjords it gives seals places to get up

fjords it gives seals places to get up out of the water so they can avoid their

out of the water so they can avoid their

out of the water so they can avoid their predators and relax for a while so

predators and relax for a while so

predators and relax for a while so ice although it’s not nearby us all the

ice although it’s not nearby us all the

ice although it’s not nearby us all the time it actually does affect us in many

time it actually does affect us in many

time it actually does affect us in many different ways but I’m going to talk a

different ways but I’m going to talk a

different ways but I’m going to talk a bit more today about Antarctica

bit more today about Antarctica

bit more today about Antarctica Antarctica is really interesting because

Antarctica is really interesting because

Antarctica is really interesting because here it’s cold enough down here that ice

here it’s cold enough down here that ice

here it’s cold enough down here that ice on land is flowing off the continent and

on land is flowing off the continent and

on land is flowing off the continent and when it hits the water it actually

when it hits the water it actually

when it hits the water it actually doesn’t immediately break up or melt and

doesn’t immediately break up or melt and

doesn’t immediately break up or melt and float away so the ice on the land and

float away so the ice on the land and

float away so the ice on the land and then Arctica in many places around the

then Arctica in many places around the

then Arctica in many places around the continent flows down off and turns into

continent flows down off and turns into

continent flows down off and turns into floating ice shelves these ice shelves

floating ice shelves these ice shelves

floating ice shelves these ice shelves are hundreds to a thousand meters thick

are hundreds to a thousand meters thick

are hundreds to a thousand meters thick of ice floating on the ocean surface

of ice floating on the ocean surface

of ice floating on the ocean surface this is much different than sea ice

this is much different than sea ice

this is much different than sea ice which is a few meters a few meters thick

which is a few meters a few meters thick

which is a few meters a few meters thick of frozen seawater these ice shelves are

of frozen seawater these ice shelves are

of frozen seawater these ice shelves are pretty critical they surround all of

pretty critical they surround all of

pretty critical they surround all of Antarctica all around the edges they’re

Antarctica all around the edges they’re

Antarctica all around the edges they’re actually critical for moderating the

actually critical for moderating the

actually critical for moderating the amount of ice that flows off the

amount of ice that flows off the

amount of ice that flows off the continent and into the ocean and it’s

continent and into the ocean and it’s

continent and into the ocean and it’s that moderation role that it plays that

that moderation role that it plays that

that moderation role that it plays that means that these ice shelves are what

means that these ice shelves are what

means that these ice shelves are what are kind of holding the dam back on

are kind of holding the dam back on

are kind of holding the dam back on allowing parts of Antarctica to really

allowing parts of Antarctica to really

allowing parts of Antarctica to really flood and create and generate sea level

flood and create and generate sea level

flood and create and generate sea level rise the internet Peninsula is where

rise the internet Peninsula is where

rise the internet Peninsula is where most of the action is happening right

most of the action is happening right

most of the action is happening right now in the last 50 years our estimates

now in the last 50 years our estimates

now in the last 50 years our estimates are that the temperatures in the entire

are that the temperatures in the entire

are that the temperatures in the entire peninsula are increasing five times

peninsula are increasing five times

peninsula are increasing five times faster than the global average

faster than the global average

faster than the global average temperature is changing there’s some

temperature is changing there’s some

temperature is changing there’s some stations in the peninsula that are that

stations in the peninsula that are that

stations in the peninsula that are that are changing ten times faster then the

are changing ten times faster then the

are changing ten times faster then the global average temperature has been

global average temperature has been

global average temperature has been changing in for the last 50 years so

changing in for the last 50 years so

changing in for the last 50 years so there’s been a lot of warming there and

there’s been a lot of warming there and

there’s been a lot of warming there and a lot of changes and in that time in

a lot of changes and in that time in

a lot of changes and in that time in just the last couple decades we’ve had

just the last couple decades we’ve had

just the last couple decades we’ve had eight ice shelves around the peninsula

eight ice shelves around the peninsula

eight ice shelves around the peninsula disintegrate into nothing and the

disintegrate into nothing and the

disintegrate into nothing and the glaciers that fed those ice shelves are

glaciers that fed those ice shelves are

glaciers that fed those ice shelves are now moving faster the ice is thinning

now moving faster the ice is thinning

now moving faster the ice is thinning and that ice is going straight into the

and that ice is going straight into the

and that ice is going straight into the ocean and contributing to sea level rise

ocean and contributing to sea level rise

ocean and contributing to sea level rise the largest of these events happen in

the largest of these events happen in

the largest of these events happen in 2002 and made national news

2002 and made national news

2002 and made national news international news the Larsen B Ice

international news the Larsen B Ice

international news the Larsen B Ice Shelf disintegrated in a matter of a

Shelf disintegrated in a matter of a

Shelf disintegrated in a matter of a couple of weeks the Larsen B Ice Shelf

couple of weeks the Larsen B Ice Shelf

couple of weeks the Larsen B Ice Shelf is an area the size of Rhode Island and

is an area the size of Rhode Island and

is an area the size of Rhode Island and the picture on your left with taken in

the picture on your left with taken in

the picture on your left with taken in Jay on January 31st and the picture on

Jay on January 31st and the picture on

Jay on January 31st and the picture on the right

the right

the right eight was taken on March 5th and most of

eight was taken on March 5th and most of

eight was taken on March 5th and most of the actual action happened couple of

the actual action happened couple of

the actual action happened couple of weeks before March 5th there was nobody

weeks before March 5th there was nobody

weeks before March 5th there was nobody on the ground to see this there were no

on the ground to see this there were no

on the ground to see this there were no instruments installed to get here

instruments installed to get here

instruments installed to get here because this is a really difficult part

because this is a really difficult part

because this is a really difficult part of Antarctica to get to even though just

of Antarctica to get to even though just

of Antarctica to get to even though just on the other side of the peninsula is

on the other side of the peninsula is

on the other side of the peninsula is where a lot of the cruise ships do go

where a lot of the cruise ships do go

where a lot of the cruise ships do go but getting to this side this eastern

but getting to this side this eastern

but getting to this side this eastern side of the peninsula is quite a bit

side of the peninsula is quite a bit

side of the peninsula is quite a bit harder so there’s no there there are no

harder so there’s no there there are no

harder so there’s no there there are no instruments there so that means that in

instruments there so that means that in

instruments there so that means that in the last sense then we’ve sort of said

the last sense then we’ve sort of said

the last sense then we’ve sort of said you know what we need to get on the

you know what we need to get on the

you know what we need to get on the ground and see what’s going on there and

ground and see what’s going on there and

ground and see what’s going on there and be ready to under try to understand what

be ready to under try to understand what

be ready to under try to understand what happened here and also be ready for when

happened here and also be ready for when

happened here and also be ready for when the next the next ice shelf goes so this

the next the next ice shelf goes so this

the next the next ice shelf goes so this got a lot of us a number of I’m working

got a lot of us a number of I’m working

got a lot of us a number of I’m working now with about 15 different scientists

now with about 15 different scientists

now with about 15 different scientists from all different fields we have

from all different fields we have

from all different fields we have biologists ecologists marine geologists

oceanographers atmospheric sciences

oceanographers atmospheric sciences glaciologists we’ve all gotten together

glaciologists we’ve all gotten together

glaciologists we’ve all gotten together for this nsf-funded project it’s called

for this nsf-funded project it’s called

for this nsf-funded project it’s called the Larissa project where we’ve taken

the Larissa project where we’ve taken

the Larissa project where we’ve taken over this is the Nathaniel B Palmer

over this is the Nathaniel B Palmer

over this is the Nathaniel B Palmer research vessel and we’ve National

research vessel and we’ve National

research vessel and we’ve National Geographic Plus played a role in this in

Geographic Plus played a role in this in

Geographic Plus played a role in this in this project as well we’ve been down

this project as well we’ve been down

this project as well we’ve been down there a couple of times trying to get in

there a couple of times trying to get in

there a couple of times trying to get in there trying to get some instruments on

there trying to get some instruments on

there trying to get some instruments on the ground to make some measurements to

the ground to make some measurements to

the ground to make some measurements to understand what has happened since that

understand what has happened since that

understand what has happened since that ice shelf disintegrated because we went

ice shelf disintegrated because we went

ice shelf disintegrated because we went from an ocean Bay that had ice cover no

from an ocean Bay that had ice cover no

from an ocean Bay that had ice cover no sunlight for thousands of years and

sunlight for thousands of years and

sunlight for thousands of years and suddenly we’ve now uncovered it and

suddenly we’ve now uncovered it and

suddenly we’ve now uncovered it and there’s there’s photosynthesis able to

there’s there’s photosynthesis able to

there’s there’s photosynthesis able to happen and organisms are moving and the

happen and organisms are moving and the

happen and organisms are moving and the entire ecosystem is changing the ocean

entire ecosystem is changing the ocean

entire ecosystem is changing the ocean circulation are changing the title

circulation are changing the title

circulation are changing the title structure is changing there the glaciers

structure is changing there the glaciers

structure is changing there the glaciers here have have definitely accelerated

here have have definitely accelerated

here have have definitely accelerated and our best estimate right now is that

and our best estimate right now is that

and our best estimate right now is that over the last ten years since this

over the last ten years since this

over the last ten years since this happened it’s contributed about a

happened it’s contributed about a

happened it’s contributed about a quarter of a millimeter sea level rise

quarter of a millimeter sea level rise

quarter of a millimeter sea level rise globally but that’s just this is just

globally but that’s just this is just

globally but that’s just this is just one event and it that’s only what it’s

one event and it that’s only what it’s

one event and it that’s only what it’s done so far the glaciers are still

done so far the glaciers are still

done so far the glaciers are still accelerating still contributing to sea

accelerating still contributing to sea

accelerating still contributing to sea level rise so some of a lot of these

level rise so some of a lot of these

level rise so some of a lot of these processes are actually normal for

processes are actually normal for

processes are actually normal for glaciers they calve they they they melt

glaciers they calve they they they melt

glaciers they calve they they they melt but the problem is when what is it that

but the problem is when what is it that

but the problem is when what is it that triggers them to go through this runaway

triggers them to go through this runaway

triggers them to go through this runaway process and completely disintegrate and

process and completely disintegrate and

process and completely disintegrate and cause these bigger issues in this case

cause these bigger issues in this case

cause these bigger issues in this case we think it was mostly atmospheric

we think it was mostly atmospheric

we think it was mostly atmospheric warming with a little bit of ocean

warming with a little bit of ocean

warming with a little bit of ocean warming that gradually thinned this ice

warming that gradually thinned this ice

warming that gradually thinned this ice shelf until it was just teetering on the

shelf until it was just teetering on the

shelf until it was just teetering on the edge and then one warm summer in 2002

edge and then one warm summer in 2002

edge and then one warm summer in 2002 caused it to just break apart into a

caused it to just break apart into a

caused it to just break apart into a million pieces but not all ice shelves

million pieces but not all ice shelves

million pieces but not all ice shelves work exactly like that the trick here is

work exactly like that the trick here is

work exactly like that the trick here is that we need to figure out how to ask

that we need to figure out how to ask

that we need to figure out how to ask the right questions in order to get

the right questions in order to get

the right questions in order to get these answers it’s a really difficult

these answers it’s a really difficult

these answers it’s a really difficult environment to work in

environment to work in

environment to work in glaciers conceptually I should say it is

glaciers conceptually I should say it is

glaciers conceptually I should say it is physically as well but glaciers have

physically as well but glaciers have

physically as well but glaciers have processes happening from millimeter

processes happening from millimeter

processes happening from millimeter scale to tens of kilometers scale they

scale to tens of kilometers scale they

scale to tens of kilometers scale they also have processes going on on this on

also have processes going on on this on

also have processes going on on this on the scale of seconds to the scale of

the scale of seconds to the scale of

the scale of seconds to the scale of hundreds of thousands of years and being

hundreds of thousands of years and being

hundreds of thousands of years and being able to capture all of that and these

able to capture all of that and these

able to capture all of that and these processes are interacting on all of

processes are interacting on all of

processes are interacting on all of these scales you can’t just ignore one

these scales you can’t just ignore one

these scales you can’t just ignore one scale and focus only on the other so

scale and focus only on the other so

scale and focus only on the other so it’s this this process of trying to

it’s this this process of trying to

it’s this this process of trying to understand trying to make these

understand trying to make these

understand trying to make these observations that got me thinking trying

observations that got me thinking trying

observations that got me thinking trying to think a little bit outside of the box

to think a little bit outside of the box

to think a little bit outside of the box well a lot outside of the box but being

well a lot outside of the box but being

well a lot outside of the box but being creative and in doing that I’ve looked

creative and in doing that I’ve looked

creative and in doing that I’ve looked for a lot of help from a lot of people

for a lot of help from a lot of people

for a lot of help from a lot of people and things and in this case a whale this

and things and in this case a whale this

and things and in this case a whale this is a McBride glacier in Alaska where it

is a McBride glacier in Alaska where it

is a McBride glacier in Alaska where it had the experience one night of camping

had the experience one night of camping

had the experience one night of camping on a spit here and all night long the

on a spit here and all night long the

on a spit here and all night long the glacier was calving and a whale would

glacier was calving and a whale would

glacier was calving and a whale would respond to that calving event by

respond to that calving event by

respond to that calving event by breaching out on the other side so all

breaching out on the other side so all

breaching out on the other side so all night long we had a glacier calves a

night long we had a glacier calves a

night long we had a glacier calves a whale breached the glacier calves the

whale breached the glacier calves the

whale breached the glacier calves the whale breached was a pretty profound

whale breached was a pretty profound

whale breached was a pretty profound experience for me and I started thinking

experience for me and I started thinking

experience for me and I started thinking about what the whale actually hears

about what the whale actually hears

about what the whale actually hears under the water so I went and recorded

under the water so I went and recorded

under the water so I went and recorded it

so you’re going to hear a calving event

so you’re going to hear a calving event here in a minute

and what I’d like you to get out of that

and what I’d like you to get out of that is that there’s stuff happening at all

is that there’s stuff happening at all

is that there’s stuff happening at all frequencies did you hear the rumble that

frequencies did you hear the rumble that

frequencies did you hear the rumble that started at all before the actual calving

started at all before the actual calving

started at all before the actual calving event and then we have this higher

event and then we have this higher

event and then we have this higher frequency stuff going on at the end this

frequency stuff going on at the end this

frequency stuff going on at the end this is information we don’t get from

is information we don’t get from

is information we don’t get from listening in the air with our ears we

listening in the air with our ears we

listening in the air with our ears we have to get under the water and really

have to get under the water and really

have to get under the water and really see it as the whale hears it so looking

see it as the whale hears it so looking

see it as the whale hears it so looking at the whole system from a different

at the whole system from a different

at the whole system from a different perspective really like thinking what

perspective really like thinking what

perspective really like thinking what what other ways can we see the system

what other ways can we see the system

what other ways can we see the system looking just forgetting what I’ve known

looking just forgetting what I’ve known

looking just forgetting what I’ve known about systems before and just looking at

about systems before and just looking at

about systems before and just looking at that new perspective I think is a really

that new perspective I think is a really

that new perspective I think is a really important part of just approaching any

important part of just approaching any

important part of just approaching any of these systems any of the landscape

of these systems any of the landscape

of these systems any of the landscape that we have any of our environment and

that we have any of our environment and

that we have any of our environment and exploring and the girls on girls on ice

exploring and the girls on girls on ice

exploring and the girls on girls on ice have really taught me that a lot they

have really taught me that a lot they

have really taught me that a lot they come from inner-city New York they come

come from inner-city New York they come

come from inner-city New York they come from San Diego they come from rural

from San Diego they come from rural

from San Diego they come from rural Kansas they come without preconceived

Kansas they come without preconceived

Kansas they come without preconceived notions of what this mountain

notions of what this mountain

notions of what this mountain environment is supposed to give them and

environment is supposed to give them and

environment is supposed to give them and they’ve helped me see the way that the

they’ve helped me see the way that the

they’ve helped me see the way that the colors of the inside of a crevasse can

colors of the inside of a crevasse can

colors of the inside of a crevasse can actually be really interesting and

actually be really interesting and

actually be really interesting and useful in ways that I hadn’t thought of

useful in ways that I hadn’t thought of

useful in ways that I hadn’t thought of them they’ve just helped me see that we

them they’ve just helped me see that we

them they’ve just helped me see that we can look at the this landscape from so

can look at the this landscape from so

can look at the this landscape from so many different perspectives and it’s

many different perspectives and it’s

many different perspectives and it’s when we allow ourselves to really look

when we allow ourselves to really look

when we allow ourselves to really look at it from those different perspectives

at it from those different perspectives

at it from those different perspectives that we learn so much so in the end I

that we learn so much so in the end I

that we learn so much so in the end I really wanted to just share with you

really wanted to just share with you

really wanted to just share with you some of the things that Isis taught me

some of the things that Isis taught me

some of the things that Isis taught me I’ve also worked with artists out on the

I’ve also worked with artists out on the

I’ve also worked with artists out on the ice and that’s been really fun because

ice and that’s been really fun because

ice and that’s been really fun because they’ve taught me things like you have

they’ve taught me things like you have

they’ve taught me things like you have to turn the world upside down to really

to turn the world upside down to really

to turn the world upside down to really see it for what it is

see it for what it is

see it for what it is they’ve also taught me that if you

they’ve also taught me that if you

they’ve also taught me that if you squint you can kind of get rid of all

squint you can kind of get rid of all

squint you can kind of get rid of all the detail and you can see the big

the detail and you can see the big

the detail and you can see the big picture a lot more easily so it’s been

picture a lot more easily so it’s been

picture a lot more easily so it’s been really fun working with all of these

really fun working with all of these

really fun working with all of these people and seeing the different

people and seeing the different

people and seeing the different perspectives that the whale gives me

perspectives that the whale gives me

perspectives that the whale gives me that the artist gives me that the girls

that the artist gives me that the girls

that the artist gives me that the girls give me that other scientists working

give me that other scientists working

give me that other scientists working with oceanographers biologists that

with oceanographers biologists that

with oceanographers biologists that everybody has given me and kind of to

everybody has given me and kind of to

everybody has given me and kind of to bring it all together I realize that the

bring it all together I realize that the

bring it all together I realize that the best discoveries that we make in life

best discoveries that we make in life

best discoveries that we make in life really come when we step out of our

really come when we step out of our

really come when we step out of our comfort zone and I think that’s one of

comfort zone and I think that’s one of

comfort zone and I think that’s one of the things that all of these explorers

the things that all of these explorers

the things that all of these explorers that I’ve met this week have been able

that I’ve met this week have been able

that I’ve met this week have been able to do

to do

to do that whether that’s your physical

that whether that’s your physical

that whether that’s your physical comfort zone where you do spend a week

comfort zone where you do spend a week

comfort zone where you do spend a week sitting in a blind waiting for the tiger

sitting in a blind waiting for the tiger

sitting in a blind waiting for the tiger and getting frustrated and tired or your

and getting frustrated and tired or your

and getting frustrated and tired or your intellectual comfort zone where you are

intellectual comfort zone where you are

intellectual comfort zone where you are allowed to let go of what you were

allowed to let go of what you were

allowed to let go of what you were taught in high school or middle school

taught in high school or middle school

taught in high school or middle school and really see the environment or the

and really see the environment or the

and really see the environment or the data from a new perspective and there’s

data from a new perspective and there’s

data from a new perspective and there’s also your social or leadership comfort

also your social or leadership comfort

also your social or leadership comfort zone where you know like me pretty shy

zone where you know like me pretty shy

zone where you know like me pretty shy and quiet growing up and it’s taken a

and quiet growing up and it’s taken a

and quiet growing up and it’s taken a lot to really push outside of that

lot to really push outside of that

lot to really push outside of that comfort zone and step up and talk in

comfort zone and step up and talk in

comfort zone and step up and talk in front of 400 people so so I just want to

front of 400 people so so I just want to

front of 400 people so so I just want to leave you with that thought I think what

leave you with that thought I think what

leave you with that thought I think what we all can do is think about when and

we all can do is think about when and

we all can do is think about when and where and how can we step out of our

where and how can we step out of our

where and how can we step out of our comfort zones and start to see the world

comfort zones and start to see the world

comfort zones and start to see the world from a different perspective thank