welcome to our Google+ hangout celebrating 125 years of excavation all
celebrating 125 years of excavation all
celebrating 125 years of excavation all right thank you everybody for joining us
right thank you everybody for joining us
right thank you everybody for joining us today i’m your host Andrew halle here
today i’m your host Andrew halle here
today i’m your host Andrew halle here from National Geographic joined by three
from National Geographic joined by three
from National Geographic joined by three great explorers and one very lucky
great explorers and one very lucky
great explorers and one very lucky participant who sent in a question in
participant who sent in a question in
participant who sent in a question in advance as we explore the world of
advance as we explore the world of
advance as we explore the world of exploration and the constructive role
exploration and the constructive role
exploration and the constructive role that failure can have in it as you know
that failure can have in it as you know
that failure can have in it as you know we’ve been celebrating all your the
we’ve been celebrating all your the
we’ve been celebrating all your the 125th anniversary of the National
125th anniversary of the National
125th anniversary of the National Geographic Society and it gave us lots
Geographic Society and it gave us lots
Geographic Society and it gave us lots of opportunities to talk about the
of opportunities to talk about the
of opportunities to talk about the spectacular successes and amazing
spectacular successes and amazing
spectacular successes and amazing discoveries and thrilling adventures
discoveries and thrilling adventures
discoveries and thrilling adventures that everybody’s had but anybody who’s
that everybody’s had but anybody who’s
that everybody’s had but anybody who’s ever attempted any of these things knows
ever attempted any of these things knows
ever attempted any of these things knows that that’s always the last part of the
that that’s always the last part of the
that that’s always the last part of the story that there’s many great challenges
story that there’s many great challenges
story that there’s many great challenges and some huge and colossal and wonderful
and some huge and colossal and wonderful
and some huge and colossal and wonderful failures along the way so our explorers
failures along the way so our explorers
failures along the way so our explorers with us today have made amazing
with us today have made amazing
with us today have made amazing discoveries and accomplished incredible
discoveries and accomplished incredible
discoveries and accomplished incredible things in their long and short careers
things in their long and short careers
things in their long and short careers and we’re going to explore some of the
and we’re going to explore some of the
and we’re going to explore some of the things that happen to them along the way
things that happen to them along the way
things that happen to them along the way that they might not have expected but
that they might not have expected but
that they might not have expected but still learned a lot from so joining us
still learned a lot from so joining us
still learned a lot from so joining us first we have agostina lentes Augustine
first we have agostina lentes Augustine
first we have agostina lentes Augustine there is a primatologist who has studied
there is a primatologist who has studied
there is a primatologist who has studied most recently some macaques and these
most recently some macaques and these
most recently some macaques and these straps critter cams on them and we have
straps critter cams on them and we have
straps critter cams on them and we have wonderful videos that you can see of the
wonderful videos that you can see of the
wonderful videos that you can see of the macaques in the world that they live in
macaques in the world that they live in
macaques in the world that they live in and he had a wonderful expedition where
and he had a wonderful expedition where
and he had a wonderful expedition where he was out in the jungles of Borneo and
he was out in the jungles of Borneo and
he was out in the jungles of Borneo and you know as an explorer does started
you know as an explorer does started
you know as an explorer does started exploring maybe a little bit too much
exploring maybe a little bit too much
exploring maybe a little bit too much and got terribly lost so we’ll hear
and got terribly lost so we’ll hear
and got terribly lost so we’ll hear about that story from him we have Jill
about that story from him we have Jill
about that story from him we have Jill Heiner who is a cave diver and has had
Heiner who is a cave diver and has had
Heiner who is a cave diver and has had some incredible experiences down deep
some incredible experiences down deep
some incredible experiences down deep under the water under the earth in some
under the water under the earth in some
under the water under the earth in some of the most dangerous and beautiful
of the most dangerous and beautiful
of the most dangerous and beautiful places on earth a few years ago she set
places on earth a few years ago she set
places on earth a few years ago she set out to explore some of the least
out to explore some of the least
out to explore some of the least explored of these places where you at
explored of these places where you at
explored of these places where you at least expect to find underwater diving
least expect to find underwater diving
least expect to find underwater diving and that’s in the middle of the desert
and that’s in the middle of the desert
and that’s in the middle of the desert so
so
so following the footsteps of Alexander the
following the footsteps of Alexander the
following the footsteps of Alexander the Great she headed out into the deserts of
Great she headed out into the deserts of
Great she headed out into the deserts of Egypt and came up dry is that good whiff
Egypt and came up dry is that good whiff
Egypt and came up dry is that good whiff of it again we’ll hear about how those
of it again we’ll hear about how those
of it again we’ll hear about how those adventures and Paul racy here coming to
adventures and Paul racy here coming to
adventures and Paul racy here coming to us from the UK has had a long and
us from the UK has had a long and
us from the UK has had a long and distinguished career has species named
distinguished career has species named
distinguished career has species named after him and species discovered and
after him and species discovered and
after him and species discovered and incredible adventures that he has had
incredible adventures that he has had
incredible adventures that he has had and one thorn in his side for nearly a
and one thorn in his side for nearly a
and one thorn in his side for nearly a decade while studying soccer footed bats
decade while studying soccer footed bats
decade while studying soccer footed bats and the many many males that they have
and the many many males that they have
and the many many males that they have found they’ve never quite been able to
found they’ve never quite been able to
found they’ve never quite been able to find a female and fall I don’t know if
find a female and fall I don’t know if
find a female and fall I don’t know if you would know any better than the rest
you would know any better than the rest
you would know any better than the rest of us as to why that is but maybe that’s
of us as to why that is but maybe that’s
of us as to why that is but maybe that’s one of the first stories we can dive
one of the first stories we can dive
one of the first stories we can dive into and then our public participant
into and then our public participant
into and then our public participant here is Sophie steer she’s coming to us
here is Sophie steer she’s coming to us
here is Sophie steer she’s coming to us from Pennsylvania you can see some of
from Pennsylvania you can see some of
from Pennsylvania you can see some of her wonderful art behind her there so if
her wonderful art behind her there so if
her wonderful art behind her there so if he’s a medical illustrator and science
he’s a medical illustrator and science
he’s a medical illustrator and science illustrator so you can wait Sophie and
illustrator so you can wait Sophie and
illustrator so you can wait Sophie and say hello to everybody and she’ll be
say hello to everybody and she’ll be
say hello to everybody and she’ll be joining us and not jumping in on the
joining us and not jumping in on the
joining us and not jumping in on the conversation I think Paul I think I’d
conversation I think Paul I think I’d
conversation I think Paul I think I’d like to start with you and see what can
like to start with you and see what can
like to start with you and see what can you tell us about what your thoughts
you tell us about what your thoughts
you tell us about what your thoughts were going into the experience searching
were going into the experience searching
were going into the experience searching for these bats and how you can I don’t
for these bats and how you can I don’t
for these bats and how you can I don’t they did it just started off as it is
they did it just started off as it is
they did it just started off as it is any sort of study on an unknown species
any sort of study on an unknown species
any sort of study on an unknown species of bat very little is known about
of bat very little is known about
of bat very little is known about malagasy bats we found a particularly
malagasy bats we found a particularly
malagasy bats we found a particularly interesting one the endemic sucker
interesting one the endemic sucker
interesting one the endemic sucker funded bat it has these strange sucker
funded bat it has these strange sucker
funded bat it has these strange sucker like things on its wrists and ankles we
like things on its wrists and ankles we
like things on its wrists and ankles we want to know more about it so we started
want to know more about it so we started
want to know more about it so we started off any any sort of study on the species
off any any sort of study on the species
off any any sort of study on the species and after seven years we caught three
and after seven years we caught three
and after seven years we caught three hundred individuals we’d had nearly 900
hundred individuals we’d had nearly 900
hundred individuals we’d had nearly 900 captures of those 300 individuals
captures of those 300 individuals
captures of those 300 individuals because we recaptured several few times
because we recaptured several few times
because we recaptured several few times and we haven’t caught a female and it’s
and we haven’t caught a female and it’s
and we haven’t caught a female and it’s extremely embarrassing and it’s also
extremely embarrassing and it’s also
extremely embarrassing and it’s also inexplicable and I don’t know what to do
inexplicable and I don’t know what to do
inexplicable and I don’t know what to do about it there that the fact that little
about it there that the fact that little
about it there that the fact that little boys join
boys join
boys join the adult males in our study area twice
the adult males in our study area twice
the adult males in our study area twice a year means that their mothers can’t be
a year means that their mothers can’t be
a year means that their mothers can’t be far away and I guess that’s the most
far away and I guess that’s the most
far away and I guess that’s the most tantalizing thing that that the little
tantalizing thing that that the little
tantalizing thing that that the little boys that join the adults we know
boys that join the adults we know
boys that join the adults we know they’re juveniles because we can hold up
they’re juveniles because we can hold up
they’re juveniles because we can hold up their wings to the light and we can see
their wings to the light and we can see
their wings to the light and we can see a bit of light through the cartilage in
a bit of light through the cartilage in
a bit of light through the cartilage in their wing boats which means they
their wing boats which means they
their wing boats which means they haven’t fully formed now juvenile bats
haven’t fully formed now juvenile bats
haven’t fully formed now juvenile bats don’t migrate long distances that their
don’t migrate long distances that their
don’t migrate long distances that their wings aren’t up to it so they haven’t
wings aren’t up to it so they haven’t
wings aren’t up to it so they haven’t come far but they’ve come out of range
come far but they’ve come out of range
come far but they’ve come out of range of their mothers so far as we’re
of their mothers so far as we’re
of their mothers so far as we’re concerned and we’ve had a few side trips
concerned and we’ve had a few side trips
concerned and we’ve had a few side trips to try and find the mothers and we have
to try and find the mothers and we have
to try and find the mothers and we have failed Sophia Sophia your question I
failed Sophia Sophia your question I
failed Sophia Sophia your question I believe one of your first questions was
believe one of your first questions was
believe one of your first questions was for for Paul if you want to lay into
for for Paul if you want to lay into
for for Paul if you want to lay into that yeah um you know they’re
that yeah um you know they’re
that yeah um you know they’re procreating you know they have to be
procreating you know they have to be
procreating you know they have to be there somewhere released you think
there somewhere released you think
there somewhere released you think because the last time you saw a mother
because the last time you saw a mother
because the last time you saw a mother about was 30 years ago so I was
about was 30 years ago so I was
about was 30 years ago so I was wondering could they do anything like
wondering could they do anything like
wondering could they do anything like the flatworm or the clownfish and change
the flatworm or the clownfish and change
the flatworm or the clownfish and change gender a very interesting question and
gender a very interesting question and
gender a very interesting question and and i have to say Soviets cross my mind
and i have to say Soviets cross my mind
and i have to say Soviets cross my mind but that would be a first for mammals
but that would be a first for mammals
but that would be a first for mammals yes what that would be a first for
yes what that would be a first for
yes what that would be a first for mammals and and and from everything we
mammals and and and from everything we
mammals and and and from everything we know about mammalian reproductive
know about mammalian reproductive
know about mammalian reproductive biology which is my sort of basic
biology which is my sort of basic
biology which is my sort of basic discipline I think that is most unlikely
discipline I think that is most unlikely
discipline I think that is most unlikely most unlikely I mean it’s got to the ice
most unlikely I mean it’s got to the ice
most unlikely I mean it’s got to the ice EDD I was a mammalian reproductive
EDD I was a mammalian reproductive
EDD I was a mammalian reproductive biologist it’s got to this state now
biologist it’s got to this state now
biologist it’s got to this state now where people are saying to me racy are
where people are saying to me racy are
where people are saying to me racy are you sure you’re sexing them properly you
you sure you’re sexing them properly you
you sure you’re sexing them properly you know that that’s really kind of hard to
know that that’s really kind of hard to
know that that’s really kind of hard to take yeah you know cuz it’s pretty
take yeah you know cuz it’s pretty
take yeah you know cuz it’s pretty obvious when you got a male that’s all
obvious when you got a male that’s all
obvious when you got a male that’s all for all the obvious reasons and you can
for all the obvious reasons and you can
for all the obvious reasons and you can even you can even push the testes around
even you can even push the testes around
even you can even push the testes around under the skin so you know watch it you
under the skin so you know watch it you
under the skin so you know watch it you know watch it if you know what you’re
know watch it if you know what you’re
know watch it if you know what you’re dealing with and they’re all males so
dealing with and they’re all males so
dealing with and they’re all males so Paul I can see this being you know a big
Paul I can see this being you know a big
Paul I can see this being you know a big challenge for you and very surprising
challenge for you and very surprising
challenge for you and very surprising the first season for the second season
the first season for the second season
the first season for the second season you know maybe
you know maybe
you know maybe third season that you guys have been out
third season that you guys have been out
third season that you guys have been out there how did your interpretation of the
there how did your interpretation of the
there how did your interpretation of the experience and the sense of the
experience and the sense of the
experience and the sense of the challenge of the failure change over the
challenge of the failure change over the
challenge of the failure change over the years as of this mystery developed well
years as of this mystery developed well
years as of this mystery developed well I thought it has to be easy explanation
I thought it has to be easy explanation
I thought it has to be easy explanation maybe the males are in this valley and
maybe the males are in this valley and
maybe the males are in this valley and the females are in adjacent valleys
the females are in adjacent valleys
the females are in adjacent valleys because because the young males aren’t
because because the young males aren’t
because because the young males aren’t going so far so we went back to National
going so far so we went back to National
going so far so we went back to National Geographic and said look we need more
Geographic and said look we need more
Geographic and said look we need more support to have these expeditions to
support to have these expeditions to
support to have these expeditions to adjacent valleys and we did that and we
adjacent valleys and we did that and we
adjacent valleys and we did that and we found it very difficult to catch bats in
found it very difficult to catch bats in
found it very difficult to catch bats in the adjacent valleys and we found no
the adjacent valleys and we found no
the adjacent valleys and we found no females so it’s still an open question I
females so it’s still an open question I
females so it’s still an open question I don’t think they’re far away but but
don’t think they’re far away but but
don’t think they’re far away but but Madagascar’s are very it’s very
Madagascar’s are very it’s very
Madagascar’s are very it’s very difficult terrain to move over
difficult terrain to move over
difficult terrain to move over particularly when you you need quite a
particularly when you you need quite a
particularly when you you need quite a lot of equipment with you need your
lot of equipment with you need your
lot of equipment with you need your camping gear and all that sort of stuff
camping gear and all that sort of stuff
camping gear and all that sort of stuff I mean if there’s not a track you’re not
I mean if there’s not a track you’re not
I mean if there’s not a track you’re not you’ve got to find it very difficult to
you’ve got to find it very difficult to
you’ve got to find it very difficult to get there so we could drive we could
get there so we could drive we could
get there so we could drive we could drive a certain way then we had to hire
drive a certain way then we had to hire
drive a certain way then we had to hire porters and and baggage carriers and to
porters and and baggage carriers and to
porters and and baggage carriers and to get us to our our destination and you
get us to our our destination and you
get us to our our destination and you can see them now and it it didn’t work
can see them now and it it didn’t work
can see them now and it it didn’t work out I mean it’s it’s tantalizing because
out I mean it’s it’s tantalizing because
out I mean it’s it’s tantalizing because if you go back over the museum
if you go back over the museum
if you go back over the museum collections and in the Smithsonian
collections and in the Smithsonian
collections and in the Smithsonian collection in Washington and the field
collection in Washington and the field
collection in Washington and the field museum and that’s with history in
museum and that’s with history in
museum and that’s with history in Chicago you can find females in those
Chicago you can find females in those
Chicago you can find females in those collections so 808 out of 20 23 bear my
collections so 808 out of 20 23 bear my
collections so 808 out of 20 23 bear my cipota sucker for the bats in those
cipota sucker for the bats in those
cipota sucker for the bats in those collections since nineteen forty eight
collections since nineteen forty eight
collections since nineteen forty eight collected since nineteen forty eight are
collected since nineteen forty eight are
collected since nineteen forty eight are females there are eight females in those
females there are eight females in those
females there are eight females in those museum collections and three of those
museum collections and three of those
museum collections and three of those from the river valley where we were
from the river valley where we were
from the river valley where we were working and one from the village where
working and one from the village where
working and one from the village where we working so that’s really wow more
we working so that’s really wow more
we working so that’s really wow more tantalizing but it’s a wonder why
tantalizing but it’s a wonder why
tantalizing but it’s a wonder why couldn’t we find them i mean you know
couldn’t we find them i mean you know
couldn’t we find them i mean you know other people around them I mean the
other people around them I mean the
other people around them I mean the whole time
whole time
whole time oh yeah so those would be 1948 was the
oh yeah so those would be 1948 was the
oh yeah so those would be 1948 was the first capture was the first female
first capture was the first female
first capture was the first female wonderful so the people who collected
wonderful so the people who collected
wonderful so the people who collected those specimens they’re not out there
those specimens they’re not out there
those specimens they’re not out there looking anymore you know anything
looking anymore you know anything
looking anymore you know anything anymore you can find some cottage
anymore you can find some cottage
anymore you can find some cottage somewhere whether another time eater you
somewhere whether another time eater you
somewhere whether another time eater you know society injured by the mysteries of
know society injured by the mysteries of
know society injured by the mysteries of the woman that kind of answers one of
the woman that kind of answers one of
the woman that kind of answers one of the questions that we’ve had sent in
the questions that we’ve had sent in
the questions that we’ve had sent in from akshay from rekha from kuala lumpur
from akshay from rekha from kuala lumpur
from akshay from rekha from kuala lumpur and he was wondering about you know when
and he was wondering about you know when
and he was wondering about you know when they’re when you do run into you know a
they’re when you do run into you know a
they’re when you do run into you know a lack of success in the field does not G
lack of success in the field does not G
lack of success in the field does not G a reissue the failed assignments or they
a reissue the failed assignments or they
a reissue the failed assignments or they completely abandoned and I guess Paul
completely abandoned and I guess Paul
completely abandoned and I guess Paul your your story for one shows like yeah
your your story for one shows like yeah
your your story for one shows like yeah if you could say that you’ve got a new
if you could say that you’ve got a new
if you could say that you’ve got a new clue you can you can get the funding
clue you can you can get the funding
clue you can you can get the funding people want to answer these mysteries
people want to answer these mysteries
people want to answer these mysteries it’s not like you know we thought we
it’s not like you know we thought we
it’s not like you know we thought we would figure it out but know if we run
would figure it out but know if we run
would figure it out but know if we run up against a brick wall so we’re cutting
up against a brick wall so we’re cutting
up against a brick wall so we’re cutting and running you think that that’s one of
and running you think that that’s one of
and running you think that that’s one of the driving things in science still I
the driving things in science still I
the driving things in science still I guess you know Jill and Augustine all of
guess you know Jill and Augustine all of
guess you know Jill and Augustine all of you could jump in on this is there a
you could jump in on this is there a
you could jump in on this is there a good sense of kind of excitement when
good sense of kind of excitement when
good sense of kind of excitement when people meet failure because of the new
people meet failure because of the new
people meet failure because of the new opportunities that it presents if you’re
opportunities that it presents if you’re
opportunities that it presents if you’re not willing to fail then then you’re not
not willing to fail then then you’re not
not willing to fail then then you’re not exploring you know you can spend your
exploring you know you can spend your
exploring you know you can spend your entire life in front of a television set
entire life in front of a television set
entire life in front of a television set like a lump of meat with a remote
like a lump of meat with a remote
like a lump of meat with a remote control in your hand and you’ll never
control in your hand and you’ll never
control in your hand and you’ll never fail at anything so you have to be
fail at anything so you have to be
fail at anything so you have to be willing to embrace that to learn clues
willing to embrace that to learn clues
willing to embrace that to learn clues and have discovery opportunities I mean
and have discovery opportunities I mean
and have discovery opportunities I mean the whole point of doing science is
the whole point of doing science is
the whole point of doing science is really failure that’s how we learn there
really failure that’s how we learn there
really failure that’s how we learn there are so many actual successes that it’s
are so many actual successes that it’s
are so many actual successes that it’s going out and trying and demonstrating
going out and trying and demonstrating
going out and trying and demonstrating that it’s not this but it might be
that it’s not this but it might be
that it’s not this but it might be something else that’s basically how we
something else that’s basically how we
something else that’s basically how we gain knowledge yeah so so absolutely
gain knowledge yeah so so absolutely
gain knowledge yeah so so absolutely it’s always it there’s always new
it’s always it there’s always new
it’s always it there’s always new information even if something goes wrong
information even if something goes wrong
information even if something goes wrong you don’t find what you were looking for
you don’t find what you were looking for
you don’t find what you were looking for you’ve kind of answered a question there
you’ve kind of answered a question there
you’ve kind of answered a question there yeah and it may lead you in a completely
yeah and it may lead you in a completely
yeah and it may lead you in a completely different direction to so what about you
different direction to so what about you
different direction to so what about you Jill you’re out there in the desert
Jill you’re out there in the desert
Jill you’re out there in the desert looking for water as people have done
looking for water as people have done
looking for water as people have done many times generally in comics are
many times generally in comics are
many times generally in comics are cartoons thanks most people try to avoid
cartoons thanks most people try to avoid
cartoons thanks most people try to avoid the adventure but what what did you
the adventure but what what did you
the adventure but what what did you you know when you went out there and
you know when you went out there and
you know when you went out there and didn’t find the water how how did that
didn’t find the water how how did that
didn’t find the water how how did that shape your new search well we were
shape your new search well we were
shape your new search well we were following a very old lead from Alexander
following a very old lead from Alexander
following a very old lead from Alexander the Great who was drawn to travel across
the Great who was drawn to travel across
the Great who was drawn to travel across the desert to this incredible oasis
the desert to this incredible oasis
the desert to this incredible oasis called SIA to consult with an Oracle and
called SIA to consult with an Oracle and
called SIA to consult with an Oracle and an Oracle was inside the temple and when
an Oracle was inside the temple and when
an Oracle was inside the temple and when i read that this Oracle was a spring and
i read that this Oracle was a spring and
i read that this Oracle was a spring and that Alexander thought that these OAC
that Alexander thought that these OAC
that Alexander thought that these OAC springs were connected beneath the
springs were connected beneath the
springs were connected beneath the desert to me that was crying cave
desert to me that was crying cave
desert to me that was crying cave exploration and so my colleagues and I
exploration and so my colleagues and I
exploration and so my colleagues and I went out to consult the Oracle and when
went out to consult the Oracle and when
went out to consult the Oracle and when we got to the temple and the actual well
we got to the temple and the actual well
we got to the temple and the actual well where Alexander had his moment i
where Alexander had his moment i
where Alexander had his moment i shimmied through some little bars and
shimmied through some little bars and
shimmied through some little bars and and then climbed down the shaft of this
and then climbed down the shaft of this
and then climbed down the shaft of this well to this incredible beautiful clear
well to this incredible beautiful clear
well to this incredible beautiful clear spring water fresh water welling up out
spring water fresh water welling up out
spring water fresh water welling up out of the ground but the entire well had
of the ground but the entire well had
of the ground but the entire well had collapsed in and there was rocks
collapsed in and there was rocks
collapsed in and there was rocks blocking everything so there wasn’t a
blocking everything so there wasn’t a
blocking everything so there wasn’t a chance for me to fit my little body down
chance for me to fit my little body down
chance for me to fit my little body down into these networks so we traveled
into these networks so we traveled
into these networks so we traveled elsewhere in the desert to these other
elsewhere in the desert to these other
elsewhere in the desert to these other way ceased to try and find out how the
way ceased to try and find out how the
way ceased to try and find out how the water system worked in the Western
water system worked in the Western
water system worked in the Western Desert and unfortunately it was during
Desert and unfortunately it was during
Desert and unfortunately it was during the Arab Spring which made any efforts
the Arab Spring which made any efforts
the Arab Spring which made any efforts at exploration extremely challenging and
at exploration extremely challenging and
at exploration extremely challenging and and fraught with dangers along the way
and fraught with dangers along the way
and fraught with dangers along the way Wow so you know that brings up some new
Wow so you know that brings up some new
Wow so you know that brings up some new unexpected dangerous act that came into
unexpected dangerous act that came into
unexpected dangerous act that came into that situation for you but we actually
that situation for you but we actually
that situation for you but we actually have someone from Cairo rode in on
have someone from Cairo rode in on
have someone from Cairo rode in on facebook and asked the question is it
facebook and asked the question is it
facebook and asked the question is it even safe to explore underwater caves to
even safe to explore underwater caves to
even safe to explore underwater caves to start with it seems like I’m asking for
start with it seems like I’m asking for
start with it seems like I’m asking for trouble well cave diving is sort of
trouble well cave diving is sort of
trouble well cave diving is sort of known as one of the most dangerous
known as one of the most dangerous
known as one of the most dangerous sports that people can take on and if
sports that people can take on and if
sports that people can take on and if you have the appropriate training and
you have the appropriate training and
you have the appropriate training and the right equipment then you can
the right equipment then you can
the right equipment then you can certainly mitigate a lot of the risks
certainly mitigate a lot of the risks
certainly mitigate a lot of the risks but I think one of the key things is is
but I think one of the key things is is
but I think one of the key things is is to understand when to call it a day when
to understand when to call it a day when
to understand when to call it a day when to accept failure and come back another
to accept failure and come back another
to accept failure and come back another day and so you have to be with willing
day and so you have to be with willing
day and so you have to be with willing to get within you know just an inch of
to get within you know just an inch of
to get within you know just an inch of she got in grabbing what you think is
she got in grabbing what you think is
she got in grabbing what you think is success or the treasure or whatever and
success or the treasure or whatever and
success or the treasure or whatever and saying oh not today I need to call the
saying oh not today I need to call the
saying oh not today I need to call the dive go home and take another stab at it
dive go home and take another stab at it
dive go home and take another stab at it at another time maybe in a different way
at another time maybe in a different way
at another time maybe in a different way okay so so what well where you at now on
okay so so what well where you at now on
okay so so what well where you at now on your search for these underwater caves
your search for these underwater caves
your search for these underwater caves in the desert oh well you know I do
in the desert oh well you know I do
in the desert oh well you know I do travel all around the world exploring
travel all around the world exploring
travel all around the world exploring and documenting underwater caves I would
and documenting underwater caves I would
and documenting underwater caves I would really like to go back and do some
really like to go back and do some
really like to go back and do some further exploration in the area maybe
further exploration in the area maybe
further exploration in the area maybe when political things calm down a little
when political things calm down a little
when political things calm down a little bit um but that whole area of the
bit um but that whole area of the
bit um but that whole area of the western desert sits on top of the
western desert sits on top of the
western desert sits on top of the greatest fossil aquifer on the planet
greatest fossil aquifer on the planet
greatest fossil aquifer on the planet there is water welling out of the ground
there is water welling out of the ground
there is water welling out of the ground and I think my exploration led me
and I think my exploration led me
and I think my exploration led me perhaps in a different direction and and
perhaps in a different direction and and
perhaps in a different direction and and I think what is there is this
I think what is there is this
I think what is there is this unbelievable water story that really
unbelievable water story that really
unbelievable water story that really complements a lot of the other work that
complements a lot of the other work that
complements a lot of the other work that I do on conservation and outreach
I do on conservation and outreach
I do on conservation and outreach efforts that’s fantastic so yeah so
efforts that’s fantastic so yeah so
efforts that’s fantastic so yeah so sometimes you’ll not find what you’re
sometimes you’ll not find what you’re
sometimes you’ll not find what you’re looking for but find other things
looking for but find other things
looking for but find other things entirely sure sure Augustine that kind
entirely sure sure Augustine that kind
entirely sure sure Augustine that kind of makes me think of your story well you
of makes me think of your story well you
of makes me think of your story well you think about it the story were talking
think about it the story were talking
think about it the story were talking about as I got lost in the jungle
about as I got lost in the jungle
about as I got lost in the jungle looking for us monkey I supposed to
looking for us monkey I supposed to
looking for us monkey I supposed to study what has actually helped out of
study what has actually helped out of
study what has actually helped out of the jungle by an orangutan who came down
the jungle by an orangutan who came down
the jungle by an orangutan who came down got me and walked me back into camp
got me and walked me back into camp
got me and walked me back into camp which is pretty impressive but the punch
which is pretty impressive but the punch
which is pretty impressive but the punch line here is that early in my career I
line here is that early in my career I
line here is that early in my career I wanted to study those things on the edge
wanted to study those things on the edge
wanted to study those things on the edge for really explores of the hidden things
for really explores of the hidden things
for really explores of the hidden things that the last remaining members of a
that the last remaining members of a
that the last remaining members of a species or something like that and and
species or something like that and and
species or something like that and and when I came up with it was really a
when I came up with it was really a
when I came up with it was really a lesson I failed in the sense of my
lesson I failed in the sense of my
lesson I failed in the sense of my experience in Borneo because I went to
experience in Borneo because I went to
experience in Borneo because I went to study the sort of a really amazing
study the sort of a really amazing
study the sort of a really amazing monkey called presbyters Rubicon de and
monkey called presbyters Rubicon de and
monkey called presbyters Rubicon de and the only time I ever saw him they were
the only time I ever saw him they were
the only time I ever saw him they were like this and not running around in the
like this and not running around in the
like this and not running around in the trees so it turns out my experience
trees so it turns out my experience
trees so it turns out my experience there plus the orangutans who had been
there plus the orangutans who had been
there plus the orangutans who had been an old pet who’s rehabilitated to live
an old pet who’s rehabilitated to live
an old pet who’s rehabilitated to live in the jungle gave me the hint that you
in the jungle gave me the hint that you
in the jungle gave me the hint that you know what maybe what you should be
know what maybe what you should be
know what maybe what you should be looking at is not these last few things
looking at is not these last few things
looking at is not these last few things living out there
living out there
living out there but those primates that do okay with
but those primates that do okay with
but those primates that do okay with people that actually do really well
people that actually do really well
people that actually do really well crown people and that drove me to the
crown people and that drove me to the
crown people and that drove me to the last ten years or so looking at macaque
last ten years or so looking at macaque
last ten years or so looking at macaque monkeys who do really well around humans
monkeys who do really well around humans
monkeys who do really well around humans and so I went from a failure trying to
and so I went from a failure trying to
and so I went from a failure trying to find the last few things out there to a
find the last few things out there to a
find the last few things out there to a lot of successes asking the question of
lot of successes asking the question of
lot of successes asking the question of what given how much humans mess with the
what given how much humans mess with the
what given how much humans mess with the world which other things out there are
world which other things out there are
world which other things out there are able to exploit are messed up work
able to exploit are messed up work
able to exploit are messed up work that’s an excellent i love that because
that’s an excellent i love that because
that’s an excellent i love that because I mean I’ve known your stories here in
I mean I’ve known your stories here in
I mean I’ve known your stories here in master Geographic for the last few years
master Geographic for the last few years
master Geographic for the last few years I didn’t know that this is the actual
I didn’t know that this is the actual
I didn’t know that this is the actual origin of it yeah getting lost and the
origin of it yeah getting lost and the
origin of it yeah getting lost and the thing that you find was then like your
thing that you find was then like your
thing that you find was then like your mission for the next ten years well it’s
mission for the next ten years well it’s
mission for the next ten years well it’s that whole thing that we think of
that whole thing that we think of
that whole thing that we think of expiration so frequently is something
expiration so frequently is something
expiration so frequently is something that’s totally out there and way from
that’s totally out there and way from
that’s totally out there and way from people when it turns out some of the
people when it turns out some of the
people when it turns out some of the most interesting things in the world
most interesting things in the world
most interesting things in the world today or how does the word we’ll get
today or how does the word we’ll get
today or how does the word we’ll get along with people cuz we’re not going
along with people cuz we’re not going
along with people cuz we’re not going away we just keep expanding and I’m
away we just keep expanding and I’m
away we just keep expanding and I’m really interesting those other animals
really interesting those other animals
really interesting those other animals that do well around us so that that’s
that do well around us so that that’s
that do well around us so that that’s not like a deep choudhary’s question
not like a deep choudhary’s question
not like a deep choudhary’s question from New Delhi he said this in on
from New Delhi he said this in on
from New Delhi he said this in on google+ and he was wondering if any of
google+ and he was wondering if any of
google+ and he was wondering if any of you had ever explored or discovered
you had ever explored or discovered
you had ever explored or discovered something while taking a casual stroll
something while taking a casual stroll
something while taking a casual stroll or that you didn’t mean to find so i
or that you didn’t mean to find so i
or that you didn’t mean to find so i don’t know if you could call getting
don’t know if you could call getting
don’t know if you could call getting lost in the Borneo jungle a casual rule
okay learned a lot of work it was
okay learned a lot of work it was walking through the jungle so I thought
walking through the jungle so I thought
walking through the jungle so I thought I knew where I was going and this was
I knew where I was going and this was
I knew where I was going and this was another important lesson this was early
another important lesson this was early
another important lesson this was early on in my career and so I had compass now
on in my career and so I had compass now
on in my career and so I had compass now we have gps units and all of that it
we have gps units and all of that it
we have gps units and all of that it wouldn’t be the same I followed a map
wouldn’t be the same I followed a map
wouldn’t be the same I followed a map and I followed some of the rule of the
and I followed some of the rule of the
and I followed some of the rule of the road and it turns out in jungles that
road and it turns out in jungles that
road and it turns out in jungles that doesn’t work so well in jungles you have
doesn’t work so well in jungles you have
doesn’t work so well in jungles you have to feel your way and that orangutans
to feel your way and that orangutans
to feel your way and that orangutans taught me something jungles aren’t about
taught me something jungles aren’t about
taught me something jungles aren’t about the ground jungles are about the trees
the ground jungles are about the trees
the ground jungles are about the trees and so understanding how things move
and so understanding how things move
and so understanding how things move around in the trees and sort of live on
around in the trees and sort of live on
around in the trees and sort of live on a three-dimensional reality was a lot
a three-dimensional reality was a lot
a three-dimensional reality was a lot better than the two-dimensional so one
better than the two-dimensional so one
better than the two-dimensional so one last thing I also noticed that even
last thing I also noticed that even
last thing I also noticed that even though you’re looking at the trees you
though you’re looking at the trees you
though you’re looking at the trees you do have to look at the ground a little
do have to look at the ground a little
do have to look at the ground a little bit in that story I came across this
bit in that story I came across this
bit in that story I came across this clearing when I was lost that was
clearing when I was lost that was
clearing when I was lost that was shimmering blue and was all these
shimmering blue and was all these
shimmering blue and was all these butterflies gorgeous thousands of
butterflies gorgeous thousands of
butterflies gorgeous thousands of butterflies in this clearing and I
butterflies in this clearing and I
butterflies in this clearing and I walked into them to see how it was and
walked into them to see how it was and
walked into them to see how it was and as they all
as they all
as they all flew up I realized why they were there I
flew up I realized why they were there I
flew up I realized why they were there I was standing in the gigantic pool of pig
was standing in the gigantic pool of pig
was standing in the gigantic pool of pig feces hey be on the baby so so your
feces hey be on the baby so so your
feces hey be on the baby so so your discovery came from following a monkey
discovery came from following a monkey
discovery came from following a monkey my first cave I found following cows
my first cave I found following cows
my first cave I found following cows into the jungle and ended up diving into
into the jungle and ended up diving into
into the jungle and ended up diving into the place where they were all drinking
the place where they were all drinking
the place where they were all drinking and also crapping too I don’t think I’m
and also crapping too I don’t think I’m
and also crapping too I don’t think I’m ever going to look at that you know
ever going to look at that you know
ever going to look at that you know classic image of like Bambi and a little
classic image of like Bambi and a little
classic image of like Bambi and a little butterfly comes and lands on his tail
butterfly comes and lands on his tail
butterfly comes and lands on his tail and it’s just the sweetest little scene
and it’s just the sweetest little scene
and it’s just the sweetest little scene you’ve ever seen I’m gonna have a much
you’ve ever seen I’m gonna have a much
you’ve ever seen I’m gonna have a much more robust killed sense of them the
more robust killed sense of them the
more robust killed sense of them the whole story there but I would think get
whole story there but I would think get
whole story there but I would think get getting down into the caves and being
getting down into the caves and being
getting down into the caves and being amongst bats I’m sure you you’ve coming
amongst bats I’m sure you you’ve coming
amongst bats I’m sure you you’ve coming across some really unsavory environments
across some really unsavory environments
across some really unsavory environments said me oh yeah yeah no so Augustine was
said me oh yeah yeah no so Augustine was
said me oh yeah yeah no so Augustine was talking about the butterflies that when
talking about the butterflies that when
talking about the butterflies that when they flew away reveal the pool of pig
they flew away reveal the pool of pig
they flew away reveal the pool of pig feces that they were that they were had
feces that they were that they were had
feces that they were that they were had alighted upon and it just made me think
alighted upon and it just made me think
alighted upon and it just made me think of what kinds of unsavory things you may
of what kinds of unsavory things you may
of what kinds of unsavory things you may have stumbled upon inadvertently it deep
have stumbled upon inadvertently it deep
have stumbled upon inadvertently it deep in the cave looking for batch me yes
in the cave looking for batch me yes
in the cave looking for batch me yes yeah yeah okay sorry I I haven’t found
yeah yeah okay sorry I I haven’t found
yeah yeah okay sorry I I haven’t found anything I’ve always been frightened of
anything I’ve always been frightened of
anything I’ve always been frightened of finding snakes in caves but that’s never
finding snakes in caves but that’s never
finding snakes in caves but that’s never happened and I’ve never found anything
happened and I’ve never found anything
happened and I’ve never found anything thats causing me any any alarm I did
thats causing me any any alarm I did
thats causing me any any alarm I did enter caves from the sea ones on the
enter caves from the sea ones on the
enter caves from the sea ones on the Kenya coast with a the excursion of an
Kenya coast with a the excursion of an
Kenya coast with a the excursion of an international back conference that went
international back conference that went
international back conference that went down from Nairobi to Mombasa and then
down from Nairobi to Mombasa and then
down from Nairobi to Mombasa and then along the coast we all were told that
along the coast we all were told that
along the coast we all were told that there was a interesting bats in the
there was a interesting bats in the
there was a interesting bats in the caves we all stripped off in our
caves we all stripped off in our
caves we all stripped off in our costumes went into the cave and the bats
costumes went into the cave and the bats
costumes went into the cave and the bats erupted and landed on our all over our
erupted and landed on our all over our
erupted and landed on our all over our bodies and you know there was very
bodies and you know there was very
bodies and you know there was very little panic because we knew that
little panic because we knew that
little panic because we knew that we didn’t grab them it would all be all
we didn’t grab them it would all be all
we didn’t grab them it would all be all right they would get fed up with hanging
right they would get fed up with hanging
right they would get fed up with hanging on our bodies and then go off somewhere
on our bodies and then go off somewhere
on our bodies and then go off somewhere else and so that’s what happened and
else and so that’s what happened and
else and so that’s what happened and these these bats were some of the
these these bats were some of the
these these bats were some of the African bats were the largest teeth some
African bats were the largest teeth some
African bats were the largest teeth some people certain some people were very
people certain some people were very
people certain some people were very nervous of this up let’s say but it
nervous of this up let’s say but it
nervous of this up let’s say but it nobody got bitten so it would Mariana
nobody got bitten so it would Mariana
nobody got bitten so it would Mariana Niccolo lava from Sweden had a question
Niccolo lava from Sweden had a question
Niccolo lava from Sweden had a question for us on google+ that ties right into
for us on google+ that ties right into
for us on google+ that ties right into this she was wondering how new
this she was wondering how new
this she was wondering how new adventures fight your fears during these
adventures fight your fears during these
adventures fight your fears during these failures how do you have that like inner
failures how do you have that like inner
failures how do you have that like inner fortitude when fats land all up and down
fortitude when fats land all up and down
fortitude when fats land all up and down you to just stand and say oh I’m sure
you to just stand and say oh I’m sure
you to just stand and say oh I’m sure they’ll just get tired and fly away you
they’ll just get tired and fly away you
they’ll just get tired and fly away you know what what does that take howdy how
know what what does that take howdy how
know what what does that take howdy how do you conquer your fear in such a tough
do you conquer your fear in such a tough
do you conquer your fear in such a tough look there’s no real fear because you
look there’s no real fear because you
look there’s no real fear because you know you know enough about bats to know
know you know enough about bats to know
know you know enough about bats to know what what’s okay and what’s not okay as
what what’s okay and what’s not okay as
what what’s okay and what’s not okay as long as you don’t grab them you grab
long as you don’t grab them you grab
long as you don’t grab them you grab them they’ll bite you I mean you’ve
them they’ll bite you I mean you’ve
them they’ll bite you I mean you’ve learned that as a Prentice researcher
learned that as a Prentice researcher
learned that as a Prentice researcher that you know you need gloves of a
that you know you need gloves of a
that you know you need gloves of a certain thickness to protect your
certain thickness to protect your
certain thickness to protect your fingers and if you don’t have them the
fingers and if you don’t have them the
fingers and if you don’t have them the bats canines will go straight through
bats canines will go straight through
bats canines will go straight through them so as long as you don’t grab them
them so as long as you don’t grab them
them so as long as you don’t grab them there okay look like most most animals I
there okay look like most most animals I
there okay look like most most animals I mean wasps won’t bees won’t sting you if
mean wasps won’t bees won’t sting you if
mean wasps won’t bees won’t sting you if you don’t grab them you know snakes
you don’t grab them you know snakes
you don’t grab them you know snakes won’t bite you if you don’t grab them or
won’t bite you if you don’t grab them or
won’t bite you if you don’t grab them or don’t don’t impact them in some way yeah
don’t don’t impact them in some way yeah
don’t don’t impact them in some way yeah in general in general that’s part of the
in general in general that’s part of the
in general in general that’s part of the whole lesson I think of failure is that
whole lesson I think of failure is that
whole lesson I think of failure is that you learn from it and build from it and
you learn from it and build from it and
you learn from it and build from it and especially working in in in forested
especially working in in in forested
especially working in in in forested areas or far places it’s the repeated
areas or far places it’s the repeated
areas or far places it’s the repeated experience of small failures that you
experience of small failures that you
experience of small failures that you get larger successes you know how do you
get larger successes you know how do you
get larger successes you know how do you deal with mosquitoes well you don’t pay
deal with mosquitoes well you don’t pay
deal with mosquitoes well you don’t pay enough attention them early on and get
enough attention them early on and get
enough attention them early on and get covered with hundreds of touch device
covered with hundreds of touch device
covered with hundreds of touch device and you slowly learn how do you do with
and you slowly learn how do you do with
and you slowly learn how do you do with snakes you have some close calls and
snakes you have some close calls and
snakes you have some close calls and luckily it’s if things work out okay you
luckily it’s if things work out okay you
luckily it’s if things work out okay you realize what not to do how do you not
realize what not to do how do you not
realize what not to do how do you not get lost in the jungle take your time
get lost in the jungle take your time
get lost in the jungle take your time learn your maps and done nowadays by GPS
learn your maps and done nowadays by GPS
learn your maps and done nowadays by GPS unit I think I mean folks for me because
unit I think I mean folks for me because
unit I think I mean folks for me because I
I
I project in Madagascar was actually my
project in Madagascar was actually my
project in Madagascar was actually my last research project so I really in
last research project so I really in
last research project so I really in that respect do feel a sense of failure
that respect do feel a sense of failure
that respect do feel a sense of failure and it gripes a bit to go you know to
and it gripes a bit to go you know to
and it gripes a bit to go you know to finish my career on a low ie not
finish my career on a low ie not
finish my career on a low ie not achieving what I wanted to achieve but I
achieving what I wanted to achieve but I
achieving what I wanted to achieve but I don’t feel too badly about it because I
don’t feel too badly about it because I
don’t feel too badly about it because I know someone’s going to come along and
know someone’s going to come along and
know someone’s going to come along and find these females you know it has to
find these females you know it has to
find these females you know it has to happen because you know the species
happen because you know the species
happen because you know the species continues so you know some of the
continues so you know some of the
continues so you know some of the females have to be there and someone
females have to be there and someone
females have to be there and someone else is going to find them someone found
else is going to find them someone found
else is going to find them someone found them in the past not too many of them
them in the past not too many of them
them in the past not too many of them and not the ratio of one female to one
and not the ratio of one female to one
and not the ratio of one female to one male as you might expect but females
male as you might expect but females
male as you might expect but females were found in the past and females are
were found in the past and females are
were found in the past and females are going to be found in the future I just
going to be found in the future I just
going to be found in the future I just hope I’m still around to read about it
hope I’m still around to read about it
hope I’m still around to read about it and what is the grand the whole story of
and what is the grand the whole story of
and what is the grand the whole story of exploration that I think you know
exploration that I think you know
exploration that I think you know there’s two sides that go on if it was
there’s two sides that go on if it was
there’s two sides that go on if it was just a matter of collecting facts about
just a matter of collecting facts about
just a matter of collecting facts about the world there’s lots of facts that we
the world there’s lots of facts that we
the world there’s lots of facts that we have that we don’t know um you know you
have that we don’t know um you know you
have that we don’t know um you know you can open up the encyclopedia and see
can open up the encyclopedia and see
can open up the encyclopedia and see lots of things that you never knew about
lots of things that you never knew about
lots of things that you never knew about and you’ve learned these new facts but
and you’ve learned these new facts but
and you’ve learned these new facts but there was no real adventure in
there was no real adventure in
there was no real adventure in discovering it for you because you just
discovering it for you because you just
discovering it for you because you just read it out of a book or someone else’s
read it out of a book or someone else’s
read it out of a book or someone else’s adventure um when you guys go out there
adventure um when you guys go out there
adventure um when you guys go out there how much of the excitement for you is
how much of the excitement for you is
how much of the excitement for you is also the sense of really not knowing if
also the sense of really not knowing if
also the sense of really not knowing if you’re going to find the facts you’re
you’re going to find the facts you’re
you’re going to find the facts you’re not going to just open up to a page and
not going to just open up to a page and
not going to just open up to a page and have the answer but I us with asthma dr
have the answer but I us with asthma dr
have the answer but I us with asthma dr z that’s the best part of the questions
z that’s the best part of the questions
z that’s the best part of the questions or the most exciting part absolutely i
or the most exciting part absolutely i
or the most exciting part absolutely i mean that’s where all the discovery
mean that’s where all the discovery
mean that’s where all the discovery happens and the opportunity to to find
happens and the opportunity to to find
happens and the opportunity to to find something that nobody’s ever seen before
something that nobody’s ever seen before
something that nobody’s ever seen before or discover a new place is is is
or discover a new place is is is
or discover a new place is is is incredible but it requires that you and
incredible but it requires that you and
incredible but it requires that you and this comes back to our last question it
this comes back to our last question it
this comes back to our last question it requires that you push the envelope and
requires that you push the envelope and
requires that you push the envelope and pushing the envelope often means
pushing the envelope often means
pushing the envelope often means embracing fear whether it’s fear of
embracing fear whether it’s fear of
embracing fear whether it’s fear of personal harm or whether it’s fear of
personal harm or whether it’s fear of
personal harm or whether it’s fear of failure there has to be a certain
failure there has to be a certain
failure there has to be a certain acceptance that fear is your self
acceptance that fear is your self
acceptance that fear is your self preservation but it’s also what pushes
preservation but it’s also what pushes
preservation but it’s also what pushes you forward in discovery this is great
you forward in discovery this is great
you forward in discovery this is great so thanks everybody for joining us
so thanks everybody for joining us
so thanks everybody for joining us everybody who’s watching their these are
everybody who’s watching their these are
everybody who’s watching their these are our explorers talking about failure and
our explorers talking about failure and
our explorers talking about failure and the role it can play in the successes of
the role it can play in the successes of
the role it can play in the successes of exploration
exploration
exploration you have any questions just hash tag
you have any questions just hash tag
you have any questions just hash tag them let’s explore on Twitter Google+
them let’s explore on Twitter Google+
them let’s explore on Twitter Google+ wherever you are and will be watching
wherever you are and will be watching
wherever you are and will be watching those questions we have one that’s come
those questions we have one that’s come
those questions we have one that’s come in from jason s in minnesota saying how
in from jason s in minnesota saying how
in from jason s in minnesota saying how many of your first time explorers injure
many of your first time explorers injure
many of your first time explorers injure themselves during their first field
themselves during their first field
themselves during their first field engagement absolutely yeah good yeah I
engagement absolutely yeah good yeah I
engagement absolutely yeah good yeah I did I mean the closest I came to losing
did I mean the closest I came to losing
did I mean the closest I came to losing my life was in a cave where I was
my life was in a cave where I was
my life was in a cave where I was helping a student to foot to to mark the
helping a student to foot to to mark the
helping a student to foot to to mark the eggs in a cave swiftlets Nets high up in
eggs in a cave swiftlets Nets high up in
eggs in a cave swiftlets Nets high up in a boulder cave and we were trying to get
a boulder cave and we were trying to get
a boulder cave and we were trying to get a cave ladder up and I there was a we
a cave ladder up and I there was a we
a cave ladder up and I there was a we needed a rope I said I can get the rope
needed a rope I said I can get the rope
needed a rope I said I can get the rope he said no I’ll jump I said don’t jump
he said no I’ll jump I said don’t jump
he said no I’ll jump I said don’t jump he jumped and the roof fell in and rocks
he jumped and the roof fell in and rocks
he jumped and the roof fell in and rocks came very close to my head and the
came very close to my head and the
came very close to my head and the feliway one landed on my foot if that
feliway one landed on my foot if that
feliway one landed on my foot if that rocket had landed on my head I wouldn’t
rocket had landed on my head I wouldn’t
rocket had landed on my head I wouldn’t be talking to you now so that was that
be talking to you now so that was that
be talking to you now so that was that that was the closest I’ve come and it
that was the closest I’ve come and it
that was the closest I’ve come and it wouldn’t when I look back on it now I’m
wouldn’t when I look back on it now I’m
wouldn’t when I look back on it now I’m much more scared about it and I was at
much more scared about it and I was at
much more scared about it and I was at that time I think that’s a very common
that time I think that’s a very common
that time I think that’s a very common story many of us have had that in my
story many of us have had that in my
story many of us have had that in my dissertation research I was cutting
dissertation research I was cutting
dissertation research I was cutting trails and I took a trail up one end
trails and I took a trail up one end
trails and I took a trail up one end miraya did the jungle near this stream
miraya did the jungle near this stream
miraya did the jungle near this stream because it was I thought a better view
because it was I thought a better view
because it was I thought a better view two or three days later I’m walking that
two or three days later I’m walking that
two or three days later I’m walking that trail during a heavy rainstorm and I
trail during a heavy rainstorm and I
trail during a heavy rainstorm and I realized this whole hillsides was made
realized this whole hillsides was made
realized this whole hillsides was made of clay so me and the hillside went down
of clay so me and the hillside went down
of clay so me and the hillside went down all the way to the raw was carrying a
all the way to the raw was carrying a
all the way to the raw was carrying a machete with me flew back lost
machete with me flew back lost
machete with me flew back lost everything I hit the ground down at the
everything I hit the ground down at the
everything I hit the ground down at the bottom and saw the machete falling down
bottom and saw the machete falling down
bottom and saw the machete falling down towards me it hit my shoulder with the
towards me it hit my shoulder with the
towards me it hit my shoulder with the handling Oh what my closest call was
handling Oh what my closest call was
handling Oh what my closest call was actually on my first National Geographic
actually on my first National Geographic
actually on my first National Geographic project it was the ice Island project
project it was the ice Island project
project it was the ice Island project back in two thousand when we went to
back in two thousand when we went to
back in two thousand when we went to cave dive inside of the largest moving
cave dive inside of the largest moving
cave dive inside of the largest moving object on the planet which was a huge
object on the planet which was a huge
object on the planet which was a huge iceberg in Antarctica and under the the
iceberg in Antarctica and under the the
iceberg in Antarctica and under the the pressure of intense current we were
pressure of intense current we were
pressure of intense current we were trapped inside
trapped inside
trapped inside this cave trying to get out and mere
this cave trying to get out and mere
this cave trying to get out and mere hours after we finally escaped this
hours after we finally escaped this
hours after we finally escaped this iceberg cold and practically hypothermic
iceberg cold and practically hypothermic
iceberg cold and practically hypothermic the whole thing exploded just like an
the whole thing exploded just like an
the whole thing exploded just like an ice cube when you drop it in a glass Wow
ice cube when you drop it in a glass Wow
ice cube when you drop it in a glass Wow so what do you do in that situation yeah
so what do you do in that situation yeah
so what do you do in that situation yeah well I mean if for the time that we were
well I mean if for the time that we were
well I mean if for the time that we were actually pinned inside the iceberg it
actually pinned inside the iceberg it
actually pinned inside the iceberg it was just you know you make the next best
was just you know you make the next best
was just you know you make the next best decision you can you take the emotion of
decision you can you take the emotion of
decision you can you take the emotion of what’s happening and you tuck it back in
what’s happening and you tuck it back in
what’s happening and you tuck it back in your back of your head and say you know
your back of your head and say you know
your back of your head and say you know there’ll be plenty of time for crying
there’ll be plenty of time for crying
there’ll be plenty of time for crying later but right now I just make the best
later but right now I just make the best
later but right now I just make the best practical next step you can and you just
practical next step you can and you just
practical next step you can and you just work towards survival when the iceberg
work towards survival when the iceberg
work towards survival when the iceberg itself exploded to me that was a message
itself exploded to me that was a message
itself exploded to me that was a message that it was time to go home and at the
that it was time to go home and at the
that it was time to go home and at the time on that expedition we sort of felt
time on that expedition we sort of felt
time on that expedition we sort of felt it was failure because we hadn’t fully
it was failure because we hadn’t fully
it was failure because we hadn’t fully explored this new ecosystem that we’d
explored this new ecosystem that we’d
explored this new ecosystem that we’d found but in retrospect what happened
found but in retrospect what happened
found but in retrospect what happened was the story and a lot of incredible
was the story and a lot of incredible
was the story and a lot of incredible science came from that project yeah
science came from that project yeah
science came from that project yeah that’s amazing so mastermind on Google+
that’s amazing so mastermind on Google+
that’s amazing so mastermind on Google+ from New Jersey has a question for you
from New Jersey has a question for you
from New Jersey has a question for you Jill he says what happens if you get
Jill he says what happens if you get
Jill he says what happens if you get lost in those underwater caves so you’re
lost in those underwater caves so you’re
lost in those underwater caves so you’re out in the iceberg thing exploded you’re
out in the iceberg thing exploded you’re
out in the iceberg thing exploded you’re able to get in his chip and get out of
able to get in his chip and get out of
able to get in his chip and get out of there if you get lost in a cave what
there if you get lost in a cave what
there if you get lost in a cave what happens uh he would die you would not be
happens uh he would die you would not be
happens uh he would die you would not be coming home one of the things that we
coming home one of the things that we
coming home one of the things that we train people in when we teach them to
train people in when we teach them to
train people in when we teach them to cave dive is how to use a guideline so
cave dive is how to use a guideline so
cave dive is how to use a guideline so we use a spool of line that we take with
we use a spool of line that we take with
we use a spool of line that we take with us through the environment and we leave
us through the environment and we leave
us through the environment and we leave this tactile reference because sometimes
this tactile reference because sometimes
this tactile reference because sometimes well most of the time when you’re
well most of the time when you’re
well most of the time when you’re exploring a new cave your movement
exploring a new cave your movement
exploring a new cave your movement through the cave or your bubbles on the
through the cave or your bubbles on the
through the cave or your bubbles on the ceiling will completely blitz the
ceiling will completely blitz the
ceiling will completely blitz the visibility so that you cannot see a
visibility so that you cannot see a
visibility so that you cannot see a thing on the way out and so you just put
thing on the way out and so you just put
thing on the way out and so you just put your hand you know on this guideline and
your hand you know on this guideline and
your hand you know on this guideline and you use it as the tactile reference to
you use it as the tactile reference to
you use it as the tactile reference to bring you home so getting lost is just
bring you home so getting lost is just
bring you home so getting lost is just simply not an option wow wow so we’ve
simply not an option wow wow so we’ve
simply not an option wow wow so we’ve got a lot of great questions coming in
got a lot of great questions coming in
got a lot of great questions coming in now we’re in our kind of final moments
now we’re in our kind of final moments
now we’re in our kind of final moments we’ll have a few more minutes to talk to
we’ll have a few more minutes to talk to
we’ll have a few more minutes to talk to our explorers hear about failure and the
our explorers hear about failure and the
our explorers hear about failure and the role that constructive role
role that constructive role
role that constructive role can play in explorations but I want to
can play in explorations but I want to
can play in explorations but I want to get back to Sofia are probably
get back to Sofia are probably
get back to Sofia are probably participant who kind of kicked us off
participant who kind of kicked us off
participant who kind of kicked us off with questions from Paul and see what
with questions from Paul and see what
with questions from Paul and see what you’ve been thinking about this and one
you’ve been thinking about this and one
you’ve been thinking about this and one of the questions have come to your mind
of the questions have come to your mind
of the questions have come to your mind actually one of the questions that I
actually one of the questions that I
actually one of the questions that I just got my phone from uh from an
just got my phone from uh from an
just got my phone from uh from an elementary girl she wanted to know Jill
elementary girl she wanted to know Jill
elementary girl she wanted to know Jill how do you go about handling all the
how do you go about handling all the
how do you go about handling all the different cultures especially she said
different cultures especially she said
different cultures especially she said and see what it’s very the culture is
and see what it’s very the culture is
and see what it’s very the culture is very correct so as a woman how do you
very correct so as a woman how do you
very correct so as a woman how do you die and honor their cultures at the same
die and honor their cultures at the same
die and honor their cultures at the same time oh that’s so important I did a lot
time oh that’s so important I did a lot
time oh that’s so important I did a lot of research ahead of time and talk to
of research ahead of time and talk to
of research ahead of time and talk to people about how I should be
people about how I should be
people about how I should be appropriately addressed and how I should
appropriately addressed and how I should
appropriately addressed and how I should behave as an expedition leader and
behave as an expedition leader and
behave as an expedition leader and interacting with with men in that part
interacting with with men in that part
interacting with with men in that part of the world and so it’s really
of the world and so it’s really
of the world and so it’s really important to understand and embrace the
important to understand and embrace the
important to understand and embrace the cultures and be very apologetic not be
cultures and be very apologetic not be
cultures and be very apologetic not be afraid to ask you know how it is
afraid to ask you know how it is
afraid to ask you know how it is appropriate to behave as a woman it’s
appropriate to behave as a woman it’s
appropriate to behave as a woman it’s challenging one of the most common fails
challenging one of the most common fails
challenging one of the most common fails that explorers have is the cultural fail
that explorers have is the cultural fail
that explorers have is the cultural fail showing up somewhere and making some
showing up somewhere and making some
showing up somewhere and making some huge gap your mistake by not having done
huge gap your mistake by not having done
huge gap your mistake by not having done enough research as to where they’re
enough research as to where they’re
enough research as to where they’re going and how the people live there
going and how the people live there
going and how the people live there that’s crazy um have you ever been
that’s crazy um have you ever been
that’s crazy um have you ever been denied place like because just of their
denied place like because just of their
denied place like because just of their culture or have you ever been denied
culture or have you ever been denied
culture or have you ever been denied I’ve had some challenges as a woman I’ve
I’ve had some challenges as a woman I’ve
I’ve had some challenges as a woman I’ve been told there is no place for you here
been told there is no place for you here
been told there is no place for you here and been denied a visa to travel because
and been denied a visa to travel because
and been denied a visa to travel because I was a woman so yeah there’s a lot of
I was a woman so yeah there’s a lot of
I was a woman so yeah there’s a lot of there’s a lot of additional challenges
there’s a lot of additional challenges
there’s a lot of additional challenges but it’s always worth trying she says
but it’s always worth trying she says
but it’s always worth trying she says her name is Cynthia she says she’s not
her name is Cynthia she says she’s not
her name is Cynthia she says she’s not going to have that problem because she’s
going to have that problem because she’s
going to have that problem because she’s going to the new king planet but she
going to the new king planet but she
going to the new king planet but she won’t have that very good time all right
won’t have that very good time all right
won’t have that very good time all right yes excellent go board Cynthia total
yes excellent go board Cynthia total
yes excellent go board Cynthia total starting for me
that’s great uh Paul we’ve got another
that’s great uh Paul we’ve got another you know kind of an inspiration question
you know kind of an inspiration question
you know kind of an inspiration question for you which their wonder about these
for you which their wonder about these
for you which their wonder about these bats and how unusual this might be let
bats and how unusual this might be let
bats and how unusual this might be let me get the guy’s name here it’s Tom
me get the guy’s name here it’s Tom
me get the guy’s name here it’s Tom Simmons he came to us on google+ from
Simmons he came to us on google+ from
Simmons he came to us on google+ from Santa Barbara California he’s wandering
Santa Barbara California he’s wandering
Santa Barbara California he’s wandering for Paul has this been seen at any other
for Paul has this been seen at any other
for Paul has this been seen at any other bat species or maybe even any other
bat species or maybe even any other
bat species or maybe even any other mammal species where they’ve had trouble
mammal species where they’ve had trouble
mammal species where they’ve had trouble finding one section the other well it’s
finding one section the other well it’s
finding one section the other well it’s a good question and I think the answer
a good question and I think the answer
a good question and I think the answer is no not in any other bat species or
is no not in any other bat species or
is no not in any other bat species or any other mammal species you do you do
any other mammal species you do you do
any other mammal species you do you do get some degree of segregation like in
get some degree of segregation like in
get some degree of segregation like in all the bats in in the UK and probably
all the bats in in the UK and probably
all the bats in in the UK and probably in North America too i think that during
in North America too i think that during
in North America too i think that during the summer females like to go in one
the summer females like to go in one
the summer females like to go in one place to have their young and suckle a
place to have their young and suckle a
place to have their young and suckle a young and male to go somewhere else so
young and male to go somewhere else so
young and male to go somewhere else so you have maternity colonies and bachelor
you have maternity colonies and bachelor
you have maternity colonies and bachelor colonies and stuff like that but that’s
colonies and stuff like that but that’s
colonies and stuff like that but that’s just for part of the year and they get
just for part of the year and they get
just for part of the year and they get together at mating time and they
together at mating time and they
together at mating time and they hibernate together in caves so that’s
hibernate together in caves so that’s
hibernate together in caves so that’s well-documented that’s just temporary
well-documented that’s just temporary
well-documented that’s just temporary segregation but but this is absolute
segregation but but this is absolute
segregation but but this is absolute segregation over a seven-year period and
segregation over a seven-year period and
segregation over a seven-year period and not one member of the opposite sex being
not one member of the opposite sex being
not one member of the opposite sex being found I mean that is extreme for bats I
found I mean that is extreme for bats I
found I mean that is extreme for bats I mean it’s unheard off the bats and I
mean it’s unheard off the bats and I
mean it’s unheard off the bats and I think it’s unheard of for mammals such
think it’s unheard of for mammals such
think it’s unheard of for mammals such extreme segregation yeah really weird
extreme segregation yeah really weird
extreme segregation yeah really weird will there be any possibility that
will there be any possibility that
will there be any possibility that there’s kind of a generational thing
there’s kind of a generational thing
there’s kind of a generational thing like they have a crop of female children
like they have a crop of female children
like they have a crop of female children in the 40s and they kind of go off and
in the 40s and they kind of go off and
in the 40s and they kind of go off and kind of cyber few generations and like
kind of cyber few generations and like
kind of cyber few generations and like 20 years later the next time that there
20 years later the next time that there
20 years later the next time that there is more females no no I think that’s
is more females no no I think that’s
is more females no no I think that’s most unlikely and every bit that this I
most unlikely and every bit that this I
most unlikely and every bit that this I mean these bats obviously haven’t been
mean these bats obviously haven’t been
mean these bats obviously haven’t been reading the right textbooks because
reading the right textbooks because
reading the right textbooks because they’re behaving like they should do all
they’re behaving like they should do all
they’re behaving like they should do all right so I Sophie I want to give you one
right so I Sophie I want to give you one
right so I Sophie I want to give you one last chance to get some questions out
last chance to get some questions out
last chance to get some questions out here for our explorers and again
here for our explorers and again
here for our explorers and again encourage you guys Augustine Jill Paul
encourage you guys Augustine Jill Paul
encourage you guys Augustine Jill Paul anything else that you’re wondering from
anything else that you’re wondering from
anything else that you’re wondering from each other it’s been so great to have
each other it’s been so great to have
each other it’s been so great to have you all out here it’s been a really fun
you all out here it’s been a really fun
you all out here it’s been a really fun conversation
conversation
conversation I was kind of thinking the same way you
I was kind of thinking the same way you
I was kind of thinking the same way you were Andrew I was like is there like a
were Andrew I was like is there like a
were Andrew I was like is there like a harem effect going on with the bat so
harem effect going on with the bat so
harem effect going on with the bat so where there’s like you know several
where there’s like you know several
where there’s like you know several females may be higher up in the tree or
females may be higher up in the tree or
females may be higher up in the tree or something you know they only need one
something you know they only need one
something you know they only need one bat so all the males the other males are
bat so all the males the other males are
bat so all the males the other males are like you know living lower in the tree
like you know living lower in the tree
like you know living lower in the tree no no no because they roost it or all
no no no because they roost it or all
no no no because they roost it or all the bats roost in a single semi unfurled
the bats roost in a single semi unfurled
the bats roost in a single semi unfurled leaf of the travelers tree so I look
leaf of the travelers tree so I look
leaf of the travelers tree so I look like an unfair banana leaf and you get
like an unfair banana leaf and you get
like an unfair banana leaf and you get up to 50 bats in one leaf and then as
up to 50 bats in one leaf and then as
up to 50 bats in one leaf and then as the leaf unfurls the bats must go away
the leaf unfurls the bats must go away
the leaf unfurls the bats must go away and find another leaf to get some
and find another leaf to get some
and find another leaf to get some shelter and we can capture all the bats
shelter and we can capture all the bats
shelter and we can capture all the bats in the leaf we just put a big bag over
in the leaf we just put a big bag over
in the leaf we just put a big bag over the leaf and and then check all the bats
the leaf and and then check all the bats
the leaf and and then check all the bats inside the leaf and they’re all males ah
inside the leaf and they’re all males ah
inside the leaf and they’re all males ah so that there’s no what there’s no other
so that there’s no what there’s no other
so that there’s no what there’s no other roosting possibility in this particular
roosting possibility in this particular
roosting possibility in this particular tree and they don’t roost anywhere else
tree and they don’t roost anywhere else
tree and they don’t roost anywhere else they don’t roost in banana that we have
they don’t roost in banana that we have
they don’t roost in banana that we have we haven’t found them in caves and
we haven’t found them in caves and
we haven’t found them in caves and because they have the sucker feet
because they have the sucker feet
because they have the sucker feet they’re adapted to this particular
they’re adapted to this particular
they’re adapted to this particular smooth shiny leaf they can leave the the
smooth shiny leaf they can leave the the
smooth shiny leaf they can leave the the suckers on that don’t actually suck they
suckers on that don’t actually suck they
suckers on that don’t actually suck they work by wet adhesion I am so so like it
work by wet adhesion I am so so like it
work by wet adhesion I am so so like it you stick a bit of wet paper to a window
you stick a bit of wet paper to a window
you stick a bit of wet paper to a window it sticks they just walk up the leaf
it sticks they just walk up the leaf
it sticks they just walk up the leaf like that and you get up to 50 living
like that and you get up to 50 living
like that and you get up to 50 living together and they’re all males and twice
together and they’re all males and twice
together and they’re all males and twice a year there they’ve got some little
a year there they’ve got some little
a year there they’ve got some little boys with them too and so there’s nope
boys with them too and so there’s nope
boys with them too and so there’s nope no roosting opportunity for females in
no roosting opportunity for females in
no roosting opportunity for females in that study area which is which is about
that study area which is which is about
that study area which is which is about four square kilometers and they found
four square kilometers and they found
four square kilometers and they found only in this particular tree the
only in this particular tree the
only in this particular tree the travelers tree ravin Allah is
travelers tree ravin Allah is
travelers tree ravin Allah is characteristic of degraded forest it’s
characteristic of degraded forest it’s
characteristic of degraded forest it’s only found there in degraded forests so
only found there in degraded forests so
only found there in degraded forests so they’re not short of habitat there’s
they’re not short of habitat there’s
they’re not short of habitat there’s plenty of degraded forest in Madagascar
plenty of degraded forest in Madagascar
plenty of degraded forest in Madagascar and the plenty of these trees for them
and the plenty of these trees for them
and the plenty of these trees for them to roosted yeah it’s fascinating I know
to roosted yeah it’s fascinating I know
to roosted yeah it’s fascinating I know like you said you know it would be nice
like you said you know it would be nice
like you said you know it would be nice to end your career with it with the
to end your career with it with the
to end your career with it with the final discovery I think it’s even better
final discovery I think it’s even better
final discovery I think it’s even better to have such a great mystery going on
to have such a great mystery going on
to have such a great mystery going on the session trogir sofa thank you Andrew
the session trogir sofa thank you Andrew
the session trogir sofa thank you Andrew that was a really right thing to say
alright so we’ve got one last question I
alright so we’ve got one last question I think I’ll throw it to you Augustine
think I’ll throw it to you Augustine
think I’ll throw it to you Augustine Nicholas Alvarado on Google+ had a
Nicholas Alvarado on Google+ had a
Nicholas Alvarado on Google+ had a question from Sarasota means wondering
question from Sarasota means wondering
question from Sarasota means wondering how do you see technology affecting your
how do you see technology affecting your
how do you see technology affecting your specific area of expertise how could
specific area of expertise how could
specific area of expertise how could technology mitigate or even eliminate
technology mitigate or even eliminate
technology mitigate or even eliminate the risk of failure would that be
the risk of failure would that be
the risk of failure would that be possible oh yeah there are two really
possible oh yeah there are two really
possible oh yeah there are two really quick ways I could say one was having a
quick ways I could say one was having a
quick ways I could say one was having a GPS I wouldn’t have gotten lost modern
GPS I wouldn’t have gotten lost modern
GPS I wouldn’t have gotten lost modern why stuff that would have helped but
why stuff that would have helped but
why stuff that would have helped but that was before they were available most
that was before they were available most
that was before they were available most fascinating lee what I’m doing now is
fascinating lee what I’m doing now is
fascinating lee what I’m doing now is with a very broad team and and great
with a very broad team and and great
with a very broad team and and great support from National Geographic in the
support from National Geographic in the
support from National Geographic in the way foundation is we’re putting cameras
way foundation is we’re putting cameras
way foundation is we’re putting cameras and critic cans and GPS collars on
and critic cans and GPS collars on
and critic cans and GPS collars on macaque monkeys so that all these times
macaque monkeys so that all these times
macaque monkeys so that all these times we thought we were losing them we’re now
we thought we were losing them we’re now
we thought we were losing them we’re now getting sort of satellite fixes as to
getting sort of satellite fixes as to
getting sort of satellite fixes as to where they are so we can sit back not
where they are so we can sit back not
where they are so we can sit back not bother them besides and putting the
bother them besides and putting the
bother them besides and putting the collars on them let them roam around and
collars on them let them roam around and
collars on them let them roam around and figure out where they are and we’ve
figure out where they are and we’ve
figure out where they are and we’ve learned an enormous amount all of these
learned an enormous amount all of these
learned an enormous amount all of these things we thought we knew about how to
things we thought we knew about how to
things we thought we knew about how to macaque monkeys move around cities and
macaque monkeys move around cities and
macaque monkeys move around cities and jungles and temples well it turns out
jungles and temples well it turns out
jungles and temples well it turns out they’re doing at least fifty percent
they’re doing at least fifty percent
they’re doing at least fifty percent more than we thought and it’s all
more than we thought and it’s all
more than we thought and it’s all because of modern technology ten years
because of modern technology ten years
because of modern technology ten years ago this would have been impossible in
ago this would have been impossible in
ago this would have been impossible in 10 years from now I think the best field
10 years from now I think the best field
10 years from now I think the best field workers the real explorers are gonna be
workers the real explorers are gonna be
workers the real explorers are gonna be the monkeys and they’ll just be
the monkeys and they’ll just be
the monkeys and they’ll just be providing the information that you guys
providing the information that you guys
providing the information that you guys like you won’t have to ride down a
like you won’t have to ride down a
like you won’t have to ride down a mudslide with machete chasing them go
mudslide with machete chasing them go
mudslide with machete chasing them go for that that’ll be cool yeah our
for that that’ll be cool yeah our
for that that’ll be cool yeah our technology is just expanding the bounds
technology is just expanding the bounds
technology is just expanding the bounds of exploration exponentially it’s it’s
of exploration exponentially it’s it’s
of exploration exponentially it’s it’s unbelievable there’s a device that that
unbelievable there’s a device that that
unbelievable there’s a device that that I I used and piloted in a project back
I I used and piloted in a project back
I I used and piloted in a project back in 98 that was in nat geo adventure and
in 98 that was in nat geo adventure and
in 98 that was in nat geo adventure and on that mapping device developed by dr.
on that mapping device developed by dr.
on that mapping device developed by dr. bill stone is is now going to head out
bill stone is is now going to head out
bill stone is is now going to head out to eventually Jupiter’s moon Europa to
to eventually Jupiter’s moon Europa to
to eventually Jupiter’s moon Europa to explore oceans underneath frozen seas so
explore oceans underneath frozen seas so
explore oceans underneath frozen seas so technology has such a huge factor in
technology has such a huge factor in
technology has such a huge factor in expanding what’s possible and allowing
expanding what’s possible and allowing
expanding what’s possible and allowing us an opportunity to fail bigger that’s
us an opportunity to fail bigger that’s
us an opportunity to fail bigger that’s I mean one of the things that is
I mean one of the things that is
I mean one of the things that is important though is it’s always people
important though is it’s always people
important though is it’s always people operating tech
operating tech
operating tech ology so you’re never going to get rid
ology so you’re never going to get rid
ology so you’re never going to get rid of the person because technology can
of the person because technology can
of the person because technology can only do what we tell it to do it’s not
only do what we tell it to do it’s not
only do what we tell it to do it’s not going to do anything yeah yeah except
going to do anything yeah yeah except
going to do anything yeah yeah except we’re still the ones that have the major
we’re still the ones that have the major
we’re still the ones that have the major impact yeah yeah but darn the mapper
impact yeah yeah but darn the mapper
impact yeah yeah but darn the mapper that was going to go to Europa without a
that was going to go to Europa without a
that was going to go to Europa without a cave diver attached to it unfortunately
miniaturization of the things that I
miniaturization of the things that I guess team was talking about it had been
guess team was talking about it had been
guess team was talking about it had been a huge step forward for bats I mean we
a huge step forward for bats I mean we
a huge step forward for bats I mean we put radio tags on the tangram my sapota
put radio tags on the tangram my sapota
put radio tags on the tangram my sapota and now there are there are GPS tags you
and now there are there are GPS tags you
and now there are there are GPS tags you could we can put on fruit bats that are
could we can put on fruit bats that are
could we can put on fruit bats that are becoming smaller all the time so we can
becoming smaller all the time so we can
becoming smaller all the time so we can put them on smaller and smaller bats so
put them on smaller and smaller bats so
put them on smaller and smaller bats so that’s been a huge step forward and and
that’s been a huge step forward and and
that’s been a huge step forward and and you learn as a ghost and said you learn
you learn as a ghost and said you learn
you learn as a ghost and said you learn new things all the time great well thank
new things all the time great well thank
new things all the time great well thank you so much everybody for joining us
you so much everybody for joining us
you so much everybody for joining us this has been a very enjoyable and
this has been a very enjoyable and
this has been a very enjoyable and enlightening conversation about failure
enlightening conversation about failure
enlightening conversation about failure exploration and I definitely have opened
exploration and I definitely have opened
exploration and I definitely have opened up my eyes to the thrill that can be on
up my eyes to the thrill that can be on
up my eyes to the thrill that can be on the least most least expected adventures
the least most least expected adventures
the least most least expected adventures that you have thanks everybody for
that you have thanks everybody for
that you have thanks everybody for joining us on Google+ and YouTube and
joining us on Google+ and YouTube and
joining us on Google+ and YouTube and Twitter great questions you can continue
Twitter great questions you can continue
Twitter great questions you can continue the conversation on Google+ with us stay
the conversation on Google+ with us stay
the conversation on Google+ with us stay tuned and follow Nat Geo on google+ for
tuned and follow Nat Geo on google+ for
tuned and follow Nat Geo on google+ for more hangouts on air Thank You Sofia for
more hangouts on air Thank You Sofia for
more hangouts on air Thank You Sofia for joining us and everybody sending her
joining us and everybody sending her
joining us and everybody sending her questions as well and for more
questions as well and for more
questions as well and for more exploration of the stories of failure
exploration of the stories of failure
exploration of the stories of failure see this month’s National Geographic
see this month’s National Geographic
see this month’s National Geographic magazine or NGM com or the natgeo
magazine or NGM com or the natgeo
magazine or NGM com or the natgeo magazine app on your iPad and you can
magazine app on your iPad and you can
magazine app on your iPad and you can explore some of the classic stories from
explore some of the classic stories from
explore some of the classic stories from long before any of us were even born
long before any of us were even born
long before any of us were even born ernest shackleton and other amazing
ernest shackleton and other amazing
ernest shackleton and other amazing stories of seeming failure that became
stories of seeming failure that became
stories of seeming failure that became great stories in the history of
great stories in the history of
great stories in the history of exploration thank you everybody for
exploration thank you everybody for
exploration thank you everybody for joining us and we look forward to seeing
joining us and we look forward to seeing
joining us and we look forward to seeing you again soon on natgeo on google+
you again soon on natgeo on google+
you again soon on natgeo on google+ thanks bye bye
”
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