museums are really the archives of scientific knowledge we think that the
scientific knowledge we think that the
scientific knowledge we think that the future of meeting the needs to 21st
future of meeting the needs to 21st
future of meeting the needs to 21st century biology will be about frozen
century biology will be about frozen
century biology will be about frozen tissues life on ice the Smithsonian has
tissues life on ice the Smithsonian has
tissues life on ice the Smithsonian has just built the largest Natural History
just built the largest Natural History
just built the largest Natural History buy repository in the world biologists
buy repository in the world biologists
buy repository in the world biologists are going to be spending a lot of the
are going to be spending a lot of the
are going to be spending a lot of the next few decades sequencing the genomes
next few decades sequencing the genomes
next few decades sequencing the genomes of many kinds of life on Earth we’re in
of many kinds of life on Earth we’re in
of many kinds of life on Earth we’re in the field out at Edgewater Maryland
the field out at Edgewater Maryland
the field out at Edgewater Maryland which is the Smithsonian Environmental
which is the Smithsonian Environmental
which is the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center and we are here to start
Research Center and we are here to start
Research Center and we are here to start working out the methods for how you put
working out the methods for how you put
working out the methods for how you put life on ice you might ask so why do we
life on ice you might ask so why do we
life on ice you might ask so why do we do this well as a scientist the main
do this well as a scientist the main
do this well as a scientist the main reason is that I want to understand the
reason is that I want to understand the
reason is that I want to understand the history and the diversity of life on
history and the diversity of life on
history and the diversity of life on Earth for 300 years we’ve been studying
Earth for 300 years we’ve been studying
Earth for 300 years we’ve been studying the morphology of animals the behavior
the morphology of animals the behavior
the morphology of animals the behavior of animals the ecology of animals what
of animals the ecology of animals what
of animals the ecology of animals what we’ve discovered in the last 20 is that
we’ve discovered in the last 20 is that
we’ve discovered in the last 20 is that all of those things leave signals in
all of those things leave signals in
all of those things leave signals in their genomes so there are a couple of
their genomes so there are a couple of
their genomes so there are a couple of really hard problems if you haven’t be
really hard problems if you haven’t be
really hard problems if you haven’t be able to solve with classical data and we
able to solve with classical data and we
able to solve with classical data and we think that genomic data is is the way to
think that genomic data is is the way to
think that genomic data is is the way to solve all those problems
see and he’s in there ash looks like a
see and he’s in there ash looks like a Luka gay yeah that’s one will be
Luka gay yeah that’s one will be
Luka gay yeah that’s one will be catching spiders live and then plunging
catching spiders live and then plunging
catching spiders live and then plunging them directly into liquid nitrogen which
them directly into liquid nitrogen which
them directly into liquid nitrogen which by the way is a very fast and painless
by the way is a very fast and painless
by the way is a very fast and painless way to go it’s instant toes ready so
way to go it’s instant toes ready so
way to go it’s instant toes ready so this is sacrificing the spiders
this is sacrificing the spiders
this is sacrificing the spiders you hear that why care about spider
you hear that why care about spider
you hear that why care about spider genomes it’s too obvious reasons our
genomes it’s too obvious reasons our
genomes it’s too obvious reasons our silk and poison they have some of the
silk and poison they have some of the
silk and poison they have some of the most elaborate and precise poisons of
most elaborate and precise poisons of
most elaborate and precise poisons of any organism on earth they’re widely
any organism on earth they’re widely
any organism on earth they’re widely used in neurobiology research so that
used in neurobiology research so that
used in neurobiology research so that you can see the mechanism of how the
you can see the mechanism of how the
you can see the mechanism of how the poison affects cells in say in a human
poison affects cells in say in a human
poison affects cells in say in a human body so we think nature is a library of
body so we think nature is a library of
body so we think nature is a library of solutions that are waiting to be
solutions that are waiting to be
solutions that are waiting to be discovered
museums are repositories of all sorts of
museums are repositories of all sorts of information that people have used in the
information that people have used in the
information that people have used in the past and haven’t used yet so we’re
past and haven’t used yet so we’re
past and haven’t used yet so we’re adding to it to a museum collection in a
adding to it to a museum collection in a
adding to it to a museum collection in a different way and has been traditional
different way and has been traditional
different way and has been traditional and basically you know it museums will
and basically you know it museums will
and basically you know it museums will have investments in ethanol
have investments in ethanol
have investments in ethanol they’ll have specimens that are dried
they’ll have specimens that are dried
they’ll have specimens that are dried and pin they’ll have specimens that are
and pin they’ll have specimens that are
and pin they’ll have specimens that are in drawers and they’ll have specimens
in drawers and they’ll have specimens
in drawers and they’ll have specimens that are in the bio repository and
that are in the bio repository and
that are in the bio repository and liquid nitrogen so it to me it seems a
liquid nitrogen so it to me it seems a
liquid nitrogen so it to me it seems a normal thing for a museum to be doing
normal thing for a museum to be doing
normal thing for a museum to be doing which is to be adding to its collection
the liquid nitrogen tanks hold tens of
the liquid nitrogen tanks hold tens of thousands of samples at minus 190 at the
thousands of samples at minus 190 at the
thousands of samples at minus 190 at the moment liquid nitrogen is the gold
moment liquid nitrogen is the gold
moment liquid nitrogen is the gold standard for long term and by long-term
standard for long term and by long-term
standard for long term and by long-term the Smithsonian’s in the forever
the Smithsonian’s in the forever
the Smithsonian’s in the forever business now we’re starting to
business now we’re starting to
business now we’re starting to centralize our frozen tissue collections
centralize our frozen tissue collections
centralize our frozen tissue collections so we’re somewhere between 200,000 and a
so we’re somewhere between 200,000 and a
so we’re somewhere between 200,000 and a half a million samples the reason we do
half a million samples the reason we do
half a million samples the reason we do this is people like to do genomic work
this is people like to do genomic work
this is people like to do genomic work they do file genetics they do toxicology
they do file genetics they do toxicology
they do file genetics they do toxicology work with our samples so researchers
work with our samples so researchers
work with our samples so researchers request samples and we actually go in
request samples and we actually go in
request samples and we actually go in and we pull samples out we cut a small
and we pull samples out we cut a small
and we pull samples out we cut a small piece of it and send them out to the
piece of it and send them out to the
piece of it and send them out to the researchers every time science jumps to
researchers every time science jumps to
researchers every time science jumps to a new phase the museums will follow up
a new phase the museums will follow up
a new phase the museums will follow up this technology of doing genome
this technology of doing genome
this technology of doing genome sequencing is advancing rapidly by
sequencing is advancing rapidly by
sequencing is advancing rapidly by building a library of frozen tissues
building a library of frozen tissues
building a library of frozen tissues where you can do genomics of life on
where you can do genomics of life on
where you can do genomics of life on Earth we’ll be doing what museums is all
Earth we’ll be doing what museums is all
Earth we’ll be doing what museums is all we have always done which is to
we have always done which is to
we have always done which is to concentrate life into a collection that
concentrate life into a collection that
concentrate life into a collection that will support research
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