there are some 14,000 genes that go on to build a fly but the process starts
to build a fly but the process starts
to build a fly but the process starts with the tool kit these toolkit genes
with the tool kit these toolkit genes
with the tool kit these toolkit genes tell other genes where to put the head
tell other genes where to put the head
tell other genes where to put the head the tail all the limbs and aunt any a
the tail all the limbs and aunt any a
the tail all the limbs and aunt any a problem in one of these genes during
problem in one of these genes during
problem in one of these genes during development can transform a creature
development can transform a creature
development can transform a creature into a catastrophe and it gets even
into a catastrophe and it gets even
into a catastrophe and it gets even stranger toolkit genes don’t just exist
stranger toolkit genes don’t just exist
stranger toolkit genes don’t just exist in flies there in a huge variety of
in flies there in a huge variety of
in flies there in a huge variety of animals including humans that’s why
animals including humans that’s why
animals including humans that’s why there is such similarity in the embryos
there is such similarity in the embryos
there is such similarity in the embryos of a fly a mouse an elephant and a human
of a fly a mouse an elephant and a human
of a fly a mouse an elephant and a human despite how different they look as
despite how different they look as
despite how different they look as adults a similar kind of recipe
adults a similar kind of recipe
adults a similar kind of recipe underlies the development of bodies as
underlies the development of bodies as
underlies the development of bodies as different as those of sea anemones and
different as those of sea anemones and
different as those of sea anemones and humans I mean that’s really remarkable
humans I mean that’s really remarkable
humans I mean that’s really remarkable that a version of the same recipe can
that a version of the same recipe can
that a version of the same recipe can build bodies that are so utterly
build bodies that are so utterly
build bodies that are so utterly different the finished product may vary
different the finished product may vary
different the finished product may vary finn’s feathers or fingers but like
finn’s feathers or fingers but like
finn’s feathers or fingers but like distinctive cars underneath the paint
distinctive cars underneath the paint
distinctive cars underneath the paint job the genetic chassis is the same it’s
job the genetic chassis is the same it’s
job the genetic chassis is the same it’s a new way to look at nature’s body
a new way to look at nature’s body
a new way to look at nature’s body building as if there’s a tool shop
building as if there’s a tool shop
building as if there’s a tool shop inside each of us using a similar set of
inside each of us using a similar set of
inside each of us using a similar set of genes to make parts and appendages in
genes to make parts and appendages in
genes to make parts and appendages in very different organisms creatures and
very different organisms creatures and
very different organisms creatures and their body parts aren’t invented from
their body parts aren’t invented from
their body parts aren’t invented from scratch they evolved when their genetic
scratch they evolved when their genetic
scratch they evolved when their genetic networks are modified by ancient toolkit
networks are modified by ancient toolkit
networks are modified by ancient toolkit genes evolution of form is a matter of
genes evolution of form is a matter of
genes evolution of form is a matter of teaching very old jeans new tricks if
teaching very old jeans new tricks if
teaching very old jeans new tricks if you take a look at the difference
you take a look at the difference
you take a look at the difference between a mouse and a cat the difference
between a mouse and a cat the difference
between a mouse and a cat the difference is not new types of cells but change an
is not new types of cells but change an
is not new types of cells but change an organization somewhere along the line
organization somewhere along the line
organization somewhere along the line those instructions were modified not in
those instructions were modified not in
those instructions were modified not in a way that scrambled them but in a way
a way that scrambled them but in a way
a way that scrambled them but in a way that gave subtle changes to lead to the
that gave subtle changes to lead to the
that gave subtle changes to lead to the differences between organisms of course
differences between organisms of course
differences between organisms of course not every organism can stack up against
not every organism can stack up against
not every organism can stack up against the environment the genetic toolkit
the environment the genetic toolkit
the environment the genetic toolkit builds bodies that are at best hopeful
builds bodies that are at best hopeful
builds bodies that are at best hopeful possibilities fossil beds are littered
possibilities fossil beds are littered
possibilities fossil beds are littered with one hit wonders evolutionary
with one hit wonders evolutionary
with one hit wonders evolutionary experiments that proved to be
experiments that proved to be
experiments that proved to be maladaptive dead ends evolution has
maladaptive dead ends evolution has
maladaptive dead ends evolution has taken millions of twists and turns how
taken millions of twists and turns how
taken millions of twists and turns how did toolkit genes that made an ancient
did toolkit genes that made an ancient
did toolkit genes that made an ancient worm get reconfigured to eventually make
worm get reconfigured to eventually make
worm get reconfigured to eventually make the parts that make us our hands our
the parts that make us our hands our
the parts that make us our hands our hearts our upright naked bodies and
hearts our upright naked bodies and
hearts our upright naked bodies and ultimately the brilliant brain in our
ultimately the brilliant brain in our
ultimately the brilliant brain in our heads
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