Press "Enter" to skip to content

Christopher Golden: Bush Meat in Madagascar | Nat Geo Live


this first picture is really my first

this first picture is really my first understanding of exploration and

understanding of exploration and

understanding of exploration and discovery as early as I can remember my

discovery as early as I can remember my

discovery as early as I can remember my mother would take me on nature walks

mother would take me on nature walks

mother would take me on nature walks behind our house in the South Shore of

behind our house in the South Shore of

behind our house in the South Shore of Massachusetts each day we would go in

Massachusetts each day we would go in

Massachusetts each day we would go in the back of the woods and at each step

the back of the woods and at each step

the back of the woods and at each step there was discovery I can clearly

there was discovery I can clearly

there was discovery I can clearly remember these days of undergoing under

remember these days of undergoing under

remember these days of undergoing under the leaf litter and finding lady

the leaf litter and finding lady

the leaf litter and finding lady slippers or flowering Indian peace pipes

slippers or flowering Indian peace pipes

slippers or flowering Indian peace pipes or an old fox skull these days of

or an old fox skull these days of

or an old fox skull these days of discovery have stayed with me this sense

discovery have stayed with me this sense

discovery have stayed with me this sense that the forest was a place of spiritual

that the forest was a place of spiritual

that the forest was a place of spiritual communion has also stayed with me my

communion has also stayed with me my

communion has also stayed with me my mother’s sense of awe at each thing that

mother’s sense of awe at each thing that

mother’s sense of awe at each thing that we would find that was extraordinary

we would find that was extraordinary

we would find that was extraordinary really was contagious and it instilled

really was contagious and it instilled

really was contagious and it instilled in me this lesson that I carry with me

in me this lesson that I carry with me

in me this lesson that I carry with me today that the definition of

today that the definition of

today that the definition of extraordinary is just that it’s finding

extraordinary is just that it’s finding

extraordinary is just that it’s finding something ordinary but somehow elevated

something ordinary but somehow elevated

something ordinary but somehow elevated in meaning and it started with really

in meaning and it started with really

in meaning and it started with really this ephemeral bloom of a lady slipper

this ephemeral bloom of a lady slipper

this ephemeral bloom of a lady slipper in the third grade I was asked to do a

in the third grade I was asked to do a

in the third grade I was asked to do a project on an animal and as I flipped

project on an animal and as I flipped

project on an animal and as I flipped through the encyclopedia of animals I

through the encyclopedia of animals I

through the encyclopedia of animals I came across the ring-tailed lemur I

came across the ring-tailed lemur I

came across the ring-tailed lemur I completely fell in love I told my family

completely fell in love I told my family

completely fell in love I told my family that I was moving to Madagascar and they

that I was moving to Madagascar and they

that I was moving to Madagascar and they all laughed at me but it really was then

all laughed at me but it really was then

all laughed at me but it really was then that I began this lifelong commitment to

that I began this lifelong commitment to

that I began this lifelong commitment to a place that was so far from home but so

a place that was so far from home but so

a place that was so far from home but so close to my heart and I did research for

close to my heart and I did research for

close to my heart and I did research for this project I went to our local library

this project I went to our local library

this project I went to our local library and I came across as National Geographic

and I came across as National Geographic

and I came across as National Geographic issue from 1988 and I can remember

issue from 1988 and I can remember

issue from 1988 and I can remember plopping myself down on a beanbag chair

plopping myself down on a beanbag chair

plopping myself down on a beanbag chair and reading through this issue lemurs on

and reading through this issue lemurs on

and reading through this issue lemurs on the edge of survival it created in me

the edge of survival it created in me

the edge of survival it created in me this sense of urgency this sense of

this sense of urgency this sense of

this sense of urgency this sense of passion a sense of purpose that I needed

passion a sense of purpose that I needed

passion a sense of purpose that I needed to go to Madagascar and protect lemurs

to go to Madagascar and protect lemurs

to go to Madagascar and protect lemurs from this very certain fate of

from this very certain fate of

from this very certain fate of endangerment of extinction a few years

endangerment of extinction a few years

endangerment of extinction a few years later in this same library I came across

later in this same library I came across

later in this same library I came across a book called the eye eye and eye

a book called the eye eye and eye

a book called the eye eye and eye written by Gerald Durrell I read through

written by Gerald Durrell I read through

written by Gerald Durrell I read through this voraciously it became my favorite

this voraciously it became my favorite

this voraciously it became my favorite book and in many ways it still is Gerald

book and in many ways it still is Gerald

book and in many ways it still is Gerald Durrell became my hero he was a

Durrell became my hero he was a

Durrell became my hero he was a naturalist that was dedicated

naturalist that was dedicated

naturalist that was dedicated to saving animals in peril and he had a

to saving animals in peril and he had a

to saving animals in peril and he had a very special place in his heart for

very special place in his heart for

very special place in his heart for Madagascar he’s known as saying the

Madagascar he’s known as saying the

Madagascar he’s known as saying the world is as delicate and as complicated

world is as delicate and as complicated

world is as delicate and as complicated as a spider’s web if you touch one

as a spider’s web if you touch one

as a spider’s web if you touch one thread you send shudders running through

thread you send shudders running through

thread you send shudders running through all of the other threads and we’re not

all of the other threads and we’re not

all of the other threads and we’re not just tearing the web we’re we’re really

just tearing the web we’re we’re really

just tearing the web we’re we’re really tearing great holes in it and so I

tearing great holes in it and so I

tearing great holes in it and so I really began to dedicate myself to

really began to dedicate myself to

really began to dedicate myself to finding a way to go to Madagascar I

finding a way to go to Madagascar I

finding a way to go to Madagascar I wanted to write a letter to Gerald

wanted to write a letter to Gerald

wanted to write a letter to Gerald Durrell and I sent him a letter right

Durrell and I sent him a letter right

Durrell and I sent him a letter right after I read the book and told him how

after I read the book and told him how

after I read the book and told him how much that book meant to me a few months

much that book meant to me a few months

much that book meant to me a few months later I got a letter back from his wife

later I got a letter back from his wife

later I got a letter back from his wife telling me that Gerry had passed and

telling me that Gerry had passed and

telling me that Gerry had passed and that really propelled me even more to

that really propelled me even more to

that really propelled me even more to really start my career and find a way to

really start my career and find a way to

really start my career and find a way to get to Madagascar and as you can tell

get to Madagascar and as you can tell

get to Madagascar and as you can tell from the story I did find my way to

from the story I did find my way to

from the story I did find my way to Madagascar and I just met Lee Durrell

Madagascar and I just met Lee Durrell

Madagascar and I just met Lee Durrell his wife last year there

his wife last year there

his wife last year there I’ve now spent the past 15 years there

I’ve now spent the past 15 years there

I’ve now spent the past 15 years there first doing this carnivore behavioral

first doing this carnivore behavioral

first doing this carnivore behavioral biology research then starting my own

biology research then starting my own

biology research then starting my own environmental education initiative and

environmental education initiative and

environmental education initiative and before my senior year in college I

before my senior year in college I

before my senior year in college I decided to be intrepid and start off my

decided to be intrepid and start off my

decided to be intrepid and start off my own project in the northeast of

own project in the northeast of

own project in the northeast of Madagascar where Gerry worked and this

Madagascar where Gerry worked and this

Madagascar where Gerry worked and this is what I found this picture is

is what I found this picture is

is what I found this picture is incredibly disturbing this picture still

incredibly disturbing this picture still

incredibly disturbing this picture still haunts me to this day

haunts me to this day

haunts me to this day and yet I’ve come to understand it this

and yet I’ve come to understand it this

and yet I’ve come to understand it this is a far cry from the image that I had

is a far cry from the image that I had

is a far cry from the image that I had in my head from reading Gerry’s book and

in my head from reading Gerry’s book and

in my head from reading Gerry’s book and yet it was so important for me to really

yet it was so important for me to really

yet it was so important for me to really understand what this image meant I did

understand what this image meant I did

understand what this image meant I did the first research creating a systematic

the first research creating a systematic

the first research creating a systematic survey of hunting in Madagascar that

survey of hunting in Madagascar that

survey of hunting in Madagascar that started 10 years ago we’ve now monitored

started 10 years ago we’ve now monitored

started 10 years ago we’ve now monitored this population for the past 10 years

this population for the past 10 years

this population for the past 10 years really looking at their reliance on

really looking at their reliance on

really looking at their reliance on local wildlife it was the first

local wildlife it was the first

local wildlife it was the first systematic survey Madagascar’s paradigm

systematic survey Madagascar’s paradigm

systematic survey Madagascar’s paradigm has always been that the island was on

has always been that the island was on

has always been that the island was on fire and that slash-and-burn was

fire and that slash-and-burn was

fire and that slash-and-burn was destroying the forest and yet there

destroying the forest and yet there

destroying the forest and yet there there was a more hidden threat crippling

there was a more hidden threat crippling

there was a more hidden threat crippling what the wildlife populations in

what the wildlife populations in

what the wildlife populations in Madagascar there was this undercover

Madagascar there was this undercover

Madagascar there was this undercover threat of hunting and no one had

threat of hunting and no one had

threat of hunting and no one had explored this before and so I set out to

explored this before and so I set out to

explored this before and so I set out to do that in addition to the wildlife

do that in addition to the wildlife

do that in addition to the wildlife surveys I initiated a kind of project to

surveys I initiated a kind of project to

surveys I initiated a kind of project to look at a lot of the Lemur populations

look at a lot of the Lemur populations

look at a lot of the Lemur populations and how hunting was occurring and I just

and how hunting was occurring and I just

and how hunting was occurring and I just want to send a special thank you to John

want to send a special thank you to John

want to send a special thank you to John Betts who’s hopefully here he’s a

Betts who’s hopefully here he’s a

Betts who’s hopefully here he’s a National Geographic photographer who

National Geographic photographer who

National Geographic photographer who came out to visit me a few months ago

came out to visit me a few months ago

came out to visit me a few months ago I’m at a guest

I’m at a guest

I’m at a guest or in the next series of images are all

or in the next series of images are all

or in the next series of images are all his so in addition to the hunting

his so in addition to the hunting

his so in addition to the hunting surveys we set up ways of training local

surveys we set up ways of training local

surveys we set up ways of training local Malagasy training Malagasy university

Malagasy training Malagasy university

Malagasy training Malagasy university students to monitor their own wildlife

students to monitor their own wildlife

students to monitor their own wildlife we did this in both diurnal and

we did this in both diurnal and

we did this in both diurnal and nocturnal surveys we wanted to

nocturnal surveys we wanted to

nocturnal surveys we wanted to understand the ways in which hunting and

understand the ways in which hunting and

understand the ways in which hunting and I was very unidirectionally focused

I was very unidirectionally focused

I was very unidirectionally focused looking at how hunting impacted these

looking at how hunting impacted these

looking at how hunting impacted these wildlife population dynamics and not

wildlife population dynamics and not

wildlife population dynamics and not just lemurs but the tenrecs these are

just lemurs but the tenrecs these are

just lemurs but the tenrecs these are like little hedgehogs we set up a marker

like little hedgehogs we set up a marker

like little hedgehogs we set up a marker capture project to look at population

capture project to look at population

capture project to look at population dynamics we attached radio transmitters

dynamics we attached radio transmitters

dynamics we attached radio transmitters to their back to follow them and

to their back to follow them and

to their back to follow them and understand their range and to understand

understand their range and to understand

understand their range and to understand the ways in which their life history was

the ways in which their life history was

the ways in which their life history was affected by hunting but all of this

affected by hunting but all of this

affected by hunting but all of this wildlife albeit beautiful exotic

wildlife albeit beautiful exotic

wildlife albeit beautiful exotic extraordinary was reduced by local

extraordinary was reduced by local

extraordinary was reduced by local people to one thing food all of it was

people to one thing food all of it was

people to one thing food all of it was food and as I spent year after year in

food and as I spent year after year in

food and as I spent year after year in these communities and as I learned all

these communities and as I learned all

these communities and as I learned all of their local languages I came to

of their local languages I came to

of their local languages I came to realize that I needed to look through

realize that I needed to look through

realize that I needed to look through the forest in their eyes and it all

the forest in their eyes and it all

the forest in their eyes and it all became clear to me these people weren’t

became clear to me these people weren’t

became clear to me these people weren’t criminals although they were most of the

criminals although they were most of the

criminals although they were most of the hunting in Madagascar is illegal but

hunting in Madagascar is illegal but

hunting in Madagascar is illegal but these men were family men they were

these men were family men they were

these men were family men they were providers they were protecting their

providers they were protecting their

providers they were protecting their family’s welfare so what I set out to do

family’s welfare so what I set out to do

family’s welfare so what I set out to do is to start a research team and locally

is to start a research team and locally

is to start a research team and locally we called ourselves ma Haiti which means

we called ourselves ma Haiti which means

we called ourselves ma Haiti which means strength in the Malagasy language it

strength in the Malagasy language it

strength in the Malagasy language it also is an acronym that stands for

also is an acronym that stands for

also is an acronym that stands for Madagascar’s health and environmental

Madagascar’s health and environmental

Madagascar’s health and environmental research and in 2008 our team did a

research and in 2008 our team did a

research and in 2008 our team did a systematic survey of how wildlife was

systematic survey of how wildlife was

systematic survey of how wildlife was connected to human nutrition we found

connected to human nutrition we found

connected to human nutrition we found that of the local communities lost

that of the local communities lost

that of the local communities lost access to wildlife their rates of anemia

access to wildlife their rates of anemia

access to wildlife their rates of anemia would actually increase by 30 percent

would actually increase by 30 percent

would actually increase by 30 percent these results were astounding it really

these results were astounding it really

these results were astounding it really taught us that if local people messed

taught us that if local people messed

taught us that if local people messed with their natural environment they were

with their natural environment they were

with their natural environment they were actually self depleting their own

actually self depleting their own

actually self depleting their own nutritional resource it was this direct

nutritional resource it was this direct

nutritional resource it was this direct linkage between environmental change in

linkage between environmental change in

linkage between environmental change in human wellbeing it also taught me that

human wellbeing it also taught me that

human wellbeing it also taught me that if you mess with Mother Nature

if you mess with Mother Nature

if you mess with Mother Nature she might stop taking care of all of her

she might stop taking care of all of her

she might stop taking care of all of her children and so for the past 15 months

children and so for the past 15 months

children and so for the past 15 months what ended last month we decided to

what ended last month we decided to

what ended last month we decided to study this phenomenon in earnest through

study this phenomenon in earnest through

study this phenomenon in earnest through support from the Rockefeller Foundation

support from the Rockefeller Foundation

support from the Rockefeller Foundation we enrolled 700

we enrolled 700

we enrolled 700 people into our study and on a daily

people into our study and on a daily

people into our study and on a daily basis over these 15 months we measured

basis over these 15 months we measured

basis over these 15 months we measured everything that they were eating in

everything that they were eating in

everything that they were eating in their diet and every four months we

their diet and every four months we

their diet and every four months we measured we took a blood sample we took

measured we took a blood sample we took

measured we took a blood sample we took fecal samples fingernail samples so that

fecal samples fingernail samples so that

fecal samples fingernail samples so that we could understand the ways in which

we could understand the ways in which

we could understand the ways in which all of these things that are coming from

all of these things that are coming from

all of these things that are coming from the forest we’re providing nutritional

the forest we’re providing nutritional

the forest we’re providing nutritional benefits to them from the fecal samples

benefits to them from the fecal samples

benefits to them from the fecal samples looking at the ways in which intestinal

looking at the ways in which intestinal

looking at the ways in which intestinal parasites affected nutrition how dietary

parasites affected nutrition how dietary

parasites affected nutrition how dietary intake and pharmaceutical use affected

intake and pharmaceutical use affected

intake and pharmaceutical use affected their microbiome I wanted to stop having

their microbiome I wanted to stop having

their microbiome I wanted to stop having tunnel vision stop looking at only the

tunnel vision stop looking at only the

tunnel vision stop looking at only the ways in which humans were infected

ways in which humans were infected

ways in which humans were infected affecting the environment but also the

affecting the environment but also the

affecting the environment but also the ways in which the environment circled

ways in which the environment circled

ways in which the environment circled back and could benefit humans to reframe

back and could benefit humans to reframe

back and could benefit humans to reframe the conversation of conservation not

the conversation of conservation not

the conversation of conservation not only were we looking at nutrition and

only were we looking at nutrition and

only were we looking at nutrition and food security we were also looking at a

food security we were also looking at a

food security we were also looking at a different dimension of human and

different dimension of human and

different dimension of human and Wildlife interaction the ways in which

Wildlife interaction the ways in which

Wildlife interaction the ways in which hunting wildlife presented a disease

hunting wildlife presented a disease

hunting wildlife presented a disease risk so 75% of emerging infectious

risk so 75% of emerging infectious

risk so 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic meaning they’re

diseases are zoonotic meaning they’re

diseases are zoonotic meaning they’re transferred from animals to humans

transferred from animals to humans

transferred from animals to humans everything like SARS avian influenza

everything like SARS avian influenza

everything like SARS avian influenza Ebola HIV all these major pandemics are

Ebola HIV all these major pandemics are

Ebola HIV all these major pandemics are actually started an animal hosts and

actually started an animal hosts and

actually started an animal hosts and transferred to humans but the most

transferred to humans but the most

transferred to humans but the most interesting thing that I learned was

interesting thing that I learned was

interesting thing that I learned was really from local people the image

really from local people the image

really from local people the image behind me is a local rendition of the

behind me is a local rendition of the

behind me is a local rendition of the Cullen noodle she is a part of their

Cullen noodle she is a part of their

Cullen noodle she is a part of their local spiritual animist pantheon she’s

local spiritual animist pantheon she’s

local spiritual animist pantheon she’s always envisioned in the same way as a

always envisioned in the same way as a

always envisioned in the same way as a dwarf with long hair and long

dwarf with long hair and long

dwarf with long hair and long fingernails and backwards-facing feet

fingernails and backwards-facing feet

fingernails and backwards-facing feet with her heel pointing forward and her

with her heel pointing forward and her

with her heel pointing forward and her toes pointing backwards so that when she

toes pointing backwards so that when she

toes pointing backwards so that when she walks no one can track and find her but

walks no one can track and find her but

walks no one can track and find her but she does appear in people’s dreams and

she does appear in people’s dreams and

she does appear in people’s dreams and what she tells them in those dreams is

what she tells them in those dreams is

what she tells them in those dreams is which animals to have a taboo for and so

which animals to have a taboo for and so

which animals to have a taboo for and so she can in many ways be seen as a

she can in many ways be seen as a

she can in many ways be seen as a conservation spirit because she’s

conservation spirit because she’s

conservation spirit because she’s telling certain people what what to not

telling certain people what what to not

telling certain people what what to not eat what wildlife species should be

eat what wildlife species should be

eat what wildlife species should be protected and yet what she really is as

protected and yet what she really is as

protected and yet what she really is as a health spirit because in those dreams

a health spirit because in those dreams

a health spirit because in those dreams she’s giving messages like don’t eat

she’s giving messages like don’t eat

she’s giving messages like don’t eat this particular type of wildlife because

this particular type of wildlife because

this particular type of wildlife because your skin will change color you’ll bleed

your skin will change color you’ll bleed

your skin will change color you’ll bleed from your eyes you’ll bleed from your

from your eyes you’ll bleed from your

from your eyes you’ll bleed from your ears or you’ll die and all of these

ears or you’ll die and all of these

ears or you’ll die and all of these symptoms are indicative of zoonotic

symptoms are indicative of zoonotic

symptoms are indicative of zoonotic disease transfer and so I got very

disease transfer and so I got very

disease transfer and so I got very interested to see whether or not there

interested to see whether or not there

interested to see whether or not there was actually a relationship between this

was actually a relationship between this

was actually a relationship between this traditional epidemiological knowledge

traditional epidemiological knowledge

traditional epidemiological knowledge and what was actually there is a present

and what was actually there is a present

and what was actually there is a present disease risk and what I found through

disease risk and what I found through

disease risk and what I found through surveying 1200 households over the past

surveying 1200 households over the past

surveying 1200 households over the past 10 years was that the number one most

10 years was that the number one most

10 years was that the number one most commonly taboo wildlife species was the

commonly taboo wildlife species was the

commonly taboo wildlife species was the hedgehog tenrec more than 50% of the

hedgehog tenrec more than 50% of the

hedgehog tenrec more than 50% of the population had a taboo for the hedgehog

population had a taboo for the hedgehog

population had a taboo for the hedgehog tenrec and although these stories have

tenrec and although these stories have

tenrec and although these stories have been passed on for generations what we

been passed on for generations what we

been passed on for generations what we found was that just last year there was

found was that just last year there was

found was that just last year there was a discovery that the bubonic plague is

a discovery that the bubonic plague is

a discovery that the bubonic plague is present in the hedgehog tenrec and that

present in the hedgehog tenrec and that

present in the hedgehog tenrec and that they have this kind of immunity to the

they have this kind of immunity to the

they have this kind of immunity to the bubonic plague and so it consistently

bubonic plague and so it consistently

bubonic plague and so it consistently spills over into human populations and

spills over into human populations and

spills over into human populations and wildlife populations and rodent

wildlife populations and rodent

wildlife populations and rodent populations and presents a disease risk

populations and presents a disease risk

populations and presents a disease risk and if you’ve been following the news in

and if you’ve been following the news in

and if you’ve been following the news in October of last year

October of last year

October of last year Madagascar experienced the largest

Madagascar experienced the largest

Madagascar experienced the largest epidemic outbreak of bubonic plague

epidemic outbreak of bubonic plague

epidemic outbreak of bubonic plague since the Middle Ages

since the Middle Ages

since the Middle Ages and so I just think there’s a tremendous

and so I just think there’s a tremendous

and so I just think there’s a tremendous amount that we can learn through local

amount that we can learn through local

amount that we can learn through local knowledge so what happens now

knowledge so what happens now

knowledge so what happens now we know for two reasons that wildlife

we know for two reasons that wildlife

we know for two reasons that wildlife consumption is bad it presents this

consumption is bad it presents this

consumption is bad it presents this terrible risk to endemic wildlife

terrible risk to endemic wildlife

terrible risk to endemic wildlife populations it presents a tremendous

populations it presents a tremendous

populations it presents a tremendous infectious disease risk to local humans

infectious disease risk to local humans

infectious disease risk to local humans and yet it provides this critical source

and yet it provides this critical source

and yet it provides this critical source of nutrition to local people so where do

of nutrition to local people so where do

of nutrition to local people so where do we go

we go

we go we’ve decided to implement a sustainable

we’ve decided to implement a sustainable

we’ve decided to implement a sustainable chicken husbandry project and this is

chicken husbandry project and this is

chicken husbandry project and this is good idea for for several different

good idea for for several different

good idea for for several different reasons number one is that I’ve done a

reasons number one is that I’ve done a

reasons number one is that I’ve done a taste preferences study looking at 23

taste preferences study looking at 23

taste preferences study looking at 23 different species of wildlife and 10

different species of wildlife and 10

different species of wildlife and 10 species of domesticated meats and across

species of domesticated meats and across

species of domesticated meats and across the board chicken is their number one

the board chicken is their number one

the board chicken is their number one taste preference so not everything

taste preference so not everything

taste preference so not everything tastes like chicken

tastes like chicken

tastes like chicken the second is that using this pervasive

the second is that using this pervasive

the second is that using this pervasive and complex taboo system across the

and complex taboo system across the

and complex taboo system across the board no one has a taboo for chicken and

board no one has a taboo for chicken and

board no one has a taboo for chicken and so if we’re looking at a population

so if we’re looking at a population

so if we’re looking at a population intervention that’s applicable to

intervention that’s applicable to

intervention that’s applicable to everyone chicken is really the answer

everyone chicken is really the answer

everyone chicken is really the answer and wildlife species are less preferred

and wildlife species are less preferred

and wildlife species are less preferred and also less expensive so if we can

and also less expensive so if we can

and also less expensive so if we can develop ways to make chickens more

develop ways to make chickens more

develop ways to make chickens more productive it could reduce the price and

productive it could reduce the price and

productive it could reduce the price and almost naturally wean people away from

almost naturally wean people away from

almost naturally wean people away from wildlife and into chicken the problem is

wildlife and into chicken the problem is

wildlife and into chicken the problem is that there is Newcastle disease this is

that there is Newcastle disease this is

that there is Newcastle disease this is a pathogen that wipes out 80 to 100

a pathogen that wipes out 80 to 100

a pathogen that wipes out 80 to 100 percent of the chicken flocks seasonally

percent of the chicken flocks seasonally

percent of the chicken flocks seasonally so we just received funding from the

so we just received funding from the

so we just received funding from the Norfolk Family Foundation a few weeks

Norfolk Family Foundation a few weeks

Norfolk Family Foundation a few weeks ago actually and it will import a

ago actually and it will import a

ago actually and it will import a vaccine from Malaysia subsidize its

vaccine from Malaysia subsidize its

vaccine from Malaysia subsidize its costs will get extension agents that

costs will get extension agents that

costs will get extension agents that will be teaching people about

will be teaching people about

will be teaching people about biosecurity measures and husbandry

biosecurity measures and husbandry

biosecurity measures and husbandry conditions and hopefully be able to

conditions and hopefully be able to

conditions and hopefully be able to really tackle this problem on a local

really tackle this problem on a local

really tackle this problem on a local scale so the case study that I’ve

scale so the case study that I’ve

scale so the case study that I’ve mentioned is not operating in isolation

mentioned is not operating in isolation

mentioned is not operating in isolation it’s part of a larger effort called heal

it’s part of a larger effort called heal

it’s part of a larger effort called heal health and ecosystems analysis of

health and ecosystems analysis of

health and ecosystems analysis of linkages it’s a program that’s based at

linkages it’s a program that’s based at

linkages it’s a program that’s based at WCS I’ve recently become the director as

WCS I’ve recently become the director as

WCS I’ve recently become the director as of January it’s a 25 institution

of January it’s a 25 institution

of January it’s a 25 institution consortium that partners academic NGO

consortium that partners academic NGO

consortium that partners academic NGO and governmental organizations together

and governmental organizations together

and governmental organizations together to tackle this data gap it’s very

to tackle this data gap it’s very

to tackle this data gap it’s very intuitive that the environment and

intuitive that the environment and

intuitive that the environment and health area is linked and yet the

health area is linked and yet the

health area is linked and yet the evidence base is very weak what I see is

evidence base is very weak what I see is

evidence base is very weak what I see is a very natural transfer from the

a very natural transfer from the

a very natural transfer from the terrestrial system into the marine

terrestrial system into the marine

terrestrial system into the marine system to look at the ways in which

system to look at the ways in which

system to look at the ways in which marine conservation through no-take

marine conservation through no-take

marine conservation through no-take zones seasonal closures or gear

zones seasonal closures or gear

zones seasonal closures or gear restrictions can protect biodiversity

restrictions can protect biodiversity

restrictions can protect biodiversity but also increase the productivity of

but also increase the productivity of

but also increase the productivity of fish stocks this increased productivity

fish stocks this increased productivity

fish stocks this increased productivity doesn’t stay within the bounds of the

doesn’t stay within the bounds of the

doesn’t stay within the bounds of the marine protected area but spills over

marine protected area but spills over

marine protected area but spills over into adjacent communities and we want to

into adjacent communities and we want to

into adjacent communities and we want to measure empirically the ways in which

measure empirically the ways in which

measure empirically the ways in which there are nutritional benefits

there are nutritional benefits

there are nutritional benefits livelihood benefits health benefits that

livelihood benefits health benefits that

livelihood benefits health benefits that arise from marine conservation so we

arise from marine conservation so we

arise from marine conservation so we don’t think of it as an environmental

don’t think of it as an environmental

don’t think of it as an environmental intervention we can frame conservation

intervention we can frame conservation

intervention we can frame conservation as a public health intervention so in

as a public health intervention so in

as a public health intervention so in closing I just want to say that I really

closing I just want to say that I really

closing I just want to say that I really found this extraordinary place in

found this extraordinary place in

found this extraordinary place in Madagascar but I also found it in my

Madagascar but I also found it in my

Madagascar but I also found it in my backyard and the more and more I

backyard and the more and more I

backyard and the more and more I discover about myself the more and more

discover about myself the more and more

discover about myself the more and more I see that these experiences were

I see that these experiences were

I see that these experiences were entirely parallel

entirely parallel

entirely parallel as I began to look through local

as I began to look through local

as I began to look through local people’s eyes and see how they really

people’s eyes and see how they really

people’s eyes and see how they really saw the forest as benefiting their

saw the forest as benefiting their

saw the forest as benefiting their health we too are receiving a very

health we too are receiving a very

health we too are receiving a very certain type of health benefit from the

certain type of health benefit from the

certain type of health benefit from the areas that surround us and so I just

areas that surround us and so I just

areas that surround us and so I just want to say that exploration can really

want to say that exploration can really

want to say that exploration can really take us far afield and yet I think the

take us far afield and yet I think the

take us far afield and yet I think the most important thing that we can do is

most important thing that we can do is

most important thing that we can do is take what we find in those explorations

take what we find in those explorations

take what we find in those explorations and make sure that we take it home thank

and make sure that we take it home thank

and make sure that we take it home thank you

”

Be First to Comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *