cancer touches us all it’s a disease that is meaningful yet scary is a
that is meaningful yet scary is a
that is meaningful yet scary is a disease that causes significant
disease that causes significant
disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality but we’re making
morbidity and mortality but we’re making
morbidity and mortality but we’re making progress
progress
progress today I’ll share with you how we
today I’ll share with you how we
today I’ll share with you how we understand cancer much better now than
understand cancer much better now than
understand cancer much better now than ever before I’ll share with you how our
ever before I’ll share with you how our
ever before I’ll share with you how our treatments are evolving much better now
treatments are evolving much better now
treatments are evolving much better now than ever before I’ll share with you how
than ever before I’ll share with you how
than ever before I’ll share with you how we can use our own body to fight cancer
we can use our own body to fight cancer
we can use our own body to fight cancer cells and then I’ll share with you the
cells and then I’ll share with you the
cells and then I’ll share with you the challenge that is front of us and that
challenge that is front of us and that
challenge that is front of us and that challenge is how do we outsmart chat on
challenge is how do we outsmart chat on
challenge is how do we outsmart chat on cancer how do we defeat this disease and
cancer how do we defeat this disease and
cancer how do we defeat this disease and I think the answer may lie in data let
I think the answer may lie in data let
I think the answer may lie in data let me start off by talking a little bit
me start off by talking a little bit
me start off by talking a little bit about the burden of cancer in 2015 there
about the burden of cancer in 2015 there
about the burden of cancer in 2015 there were 17 million cancer diagnoses 17
were 17 million cancer diagnoses 17
were 17 million cancer diagnoses 17 million around the globe there were
million around the globe there were
million around the globe there were nearly 8 million patients who died of
nearly 8 million patients who died of
nearly 8 million patients who died of this disease in 2015 that was 30% more
this disease in 2015 that was 30% more
this disease in 2015 that was 30% more than the rates that we saw in 2005 and
than the rates that we saw in 2005 and
than the rates that we saw in 2005 and if we take a look at 2030
if we take a look at 2030
if we take a look at 2030 the next 15 years those rates are going
the next 15 years those rates are going
the next 15 years those rates are going to continue to increase but roughly
to continue to increase but roughly
to continue to increase but roughly double what we’re seeing right now we’re
double what we’re seeing right now we’re
double what we’re seeing right now we’re going to see close to 13 million
going to see close to 13 million
going to see close to 13 million patients will die of this disease and
patients will die of this disease and
patients will die of this disease and close to 21 million and the reason is
close to 21 million and the reason is
close to 21 million and the reason is aging population population growth and
aging population population growth and
aging population population growth and some environmental factors and if you
some environmental factors and if you
some environmental factors and if you take a look at these numbers they are
take a look at these numbers they are
take a look at these numbers they are incredibly alarming it’s even more
incredibly alarming it’s even more
incredibly alarming it’s even more alarming when we realize that 40 percent
alarming when we realize that 40 percent
alarming when we realize that 40 percent of the cancer diagnoses are happening in
of the cancer diagnoses are happening in
of the cancer diagnoses are happening in low and middle income countries but
low and middle income countries but
low and middle income countries but nearly 70 percent of cancer deaths
nearly 70 percent of cancer deaths
nearly 70 percent of cancer deaths happen in low and middle-income
happen in low and middle-income
happen in low and middle-income countries so the cancer that we see
countries so the cancer that we see
countries so the cancer that we see there is late advanced age of
there is late advanced age of
there is late advanced age of presentation because of diagnostic
presentation because of diagnostic
presentation because of diagnostic considerations are not there the
considerations are not there the
considerations are not there the treatment may not be there so the burden
treatment may not be there so the burden
treatment may not be there so the burden of cancer is being felt globally but
of cancer is being felt globally but
of cancer is being felt globally but even more
even more
even more and middle-income countries the key
and middle-income countries the key
and middle-income countries the key thing of course is that we can prevent
thing of course is that we can prevent
thing of course is that we can prevent cancer about 30 to 40% of cancers can be
cancer about 30 to 40% of cancers can be
cancer about 30 to 40% of cancers can be prevented if we listen to these five
prevented if we listen to these five
prevented if we listen to these five factors we exercise we eat healthy we
factors we exercise we eat healthy we
factors we exercise we eat healthy we watch our weight we drink alcohol in
watch our weight we drink alcohol in
watch our weight we drink alcohol in moderation no don’t drink and we don’t
moderation no don’t drink and we don’t
moderation no don’t drink and we don’t smoke if you do those five things that n
smoke if you do those five things that n
smoke if you do those five things that n decreases the risk of getting cancer by
decreases the risk of getting cancer by
decreases the risk of getting cancer by about 30 to 40 percent still there’s
about 30 to 40 percent still there’s
about 30 to 40 percent still there’s about a billion people in the world who
about a billion people in the world who
about a billion people in the world who smoke what I want to focus on today is
smoke what I want to focus on today is
smoke what I want to focus on today is the treatment I’m going to focus on how
the treatment I’m going to focus on how
the treatment I’m going to focus on how do we understand this disease and how do
do we understand this disease and how do
do we understand this disease and how do we develop the right treatment for the
we develop the right treatment for the
we develop the right treatment for the right patient at the right time and in
right patient at the right time and in
right patient at the right time and in order for us to be able to do that we
order for us to be able to do that we
order for us to be able to do that we have to understand what is cancer so
have to understand what is cancer so
have to understand what is cancer so cancer arises from a normal cell our DNA
cancer arises from a normal cell our DNA
cancer arises from a normal cell our DNA the building units that drive our living
the building units that drive our living
the building units that drive our living cells they get altered and our
cells they get altered and our
cells they get altered and our alteration leads to a change in behavior
alteration leads to a change in behavior
alteration leads to a change in behavior and that change in behavior is how
and that change in behavior is how
and that change in behavior is how cancer cells are different than normal
cancer cells are different than normal
cancer cells are different than normal cells
cells
cells how are they different they’re more
how are they different they’re more
how are they different they’re more likely to grow uncontrollably
likely to grow uncontrollably
likely to grow uncontrollably there’s no sustainment in that growth
there’s no sustainment in that growth
there’s no sustainment in that growth they just continue to grow they are more
they just continue to grow they are more
they just continue to grow they are more likely to resist cell death that is
likely to resist cell death that is
likely to resist cell death that is normal process in our own body where
normal process in our own body where
normal process in our own body where their cell turnover but they don’t die
their cell turnover but they don’t die
their cell turnover but they don’t die they’re more likely to invade and
they’re more likely to invade and
they’re more likely to invade and metastasize and go to other parts of the
metastasize and go to other parts of the
metastasize and go to other parts of the body which the normal cells are not able
body which the normal cells are not able
body which the normal cells are not able to do they’re able to escape our own
to do they’re able to escape our own
to do they’re able to escape our own immune system and they can hide away
immune system and they can hide away
immune system and they can hide away from our own immune system they’re able
from our own immune system they’re able
from our own immune system they’re able to create their own infrastructure the
to create their own infrastructure the
to create their own infrastructure the create their own blood supply bringing
create their own blood supply bringing
create their own blood supply bringing their own nutrients so they continue to
their own nutrients so they continue to
their own nutrients so they continue to grow and they’re also able to mutate and
grow and they’re also able to mutate and
grow and they’re also able to mutate and you would think why would cancer cells
you would think why would cancer cells
you would think why would cancer cells want to mutate well they want to mutate
want to mutate well they want to mutate
want to mutate well they want to mutate so that they can learn how to escape our
so that they can learn how to escape our
so that they can learn how to escape our treatments these are incredibly smart
treatments these are incredibly smart
treatments these are incredibly smart smart cells which have these superpowers
smart cells which have these superpowers
smart cells which have these superpowers that we can now understand better and
that we can now understand better and
that we can now understand better and maybe use some of those powers as
maybe use some of those powers as
maybe use some of those powers as Achilles heel as we develop our
Achilles heel as we develop our
Achilles heel as we develop our treatments so what ends in our arsenal
treatments so what ends in our arsenal
treatments so what ends in our arsenal as we take a look at how we best help
as we take a look at how we best help
as we take a look at how we best help answer patient we have surgery which is
answer patient we have surgery which is
answer patient we have surgery which is very good at removing that cancers that
very good at removing that cancers that
very good at removing that cancers that we can see we have radiation treatment
we can see we have radiation treatment
we can see we have radiation treatment which is using x-ray beams to be able to
which is using x-ray beams to be able to
which is using x-ray beams to be able to focus directly at the cancer cell and
focus directly at the cancer cell and
focus directly at the cancer cell and target these cancer cells and we have
target these cancer cells and we have
target these cancer cells and we have chemotherapy which works really well
chemotherapy which works really well
chemotherapy which works really well against rapidly dividing cells such as
against rapidly dividing cells such as
against rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells but unfortunately comes
cancer cells but unfortunately comes
cancer cells but unfortunately comes with significant toxicity as there’s a
with significant toxicity as there’s a
with significant toxicity as there’s a lot of collateral damage that will
lot of collateral damage that will
lot of collateral damage that will happen as a result of chemotherapy all
happen as a result of chemotherapy all
happen as a result of chemotherapy all the mainstays of treatment now but
the mainstays of treatment now but
the mainstays of treatment now but things have changed and things started
things have changed and things started
things have changed and things started to change about two decades ago as we
to change about two decades ago as we
to change about two decades ago as we started to understand what is it that’s
started to understand what is it that’s
started to understand what is it that’s driving cancer and that came with an era
driving cancer and that came with an era
driving cancer and that came with an era of targeted therapy we started to
of targeted therapy we started to
of targeted therapy we started to understand that these are receptors on
understand that these are receptors on
understand that these are receptors on these cancer cells that become growth
these cancer cells that become growth
these cancer cells that become growth signals for these cancer cells to have
signals for these cancer cells to have
signals for these cancer cells to have uncontrolled growth there are pathways
uncontrolled growth there are pathways
uncontrolled growth there are pathways within the cancer cells that drive
within the cancer cells that drive
within the cancer cells that drive uncontrolled growth that we are not able
uncontrolled growth that we are not able
uncontrolled growth that we are not able to stop and so the question is how do we
to stop and so the question is how do we
to stop and so the question is how do we target this and we can target this by
target this and we can target this by
target this and we can target this by giving an antibody against these
giving an antibody against these
giving an antibody against these receptors and we can target this by also
receptors and we can target this by also
receptors and we can target this by also giving innovators small molecules that
giving innovators small molecules that
giving innovators small molecules that block these pathways and you say this is
block these pathways and you say this is
block these pathways and you say this is great we know what targets cancer we
great we know what targets cancer we
great we know what targets cancer we know how to approach it this is the best
know how to approach it this is the best
know how to approach it this is the best way to treat to cancer the challenges
way to treat to cancer the challenges
way to treat to cancer the challenges that cancer cells are smart they say
that cancer cells are smart they say
that cancer cells are smart they say okay if you’re gonna block this receptor
okay if you’re gonna block this receptor
okay if you’re gonna block this receptor if you’re gonna block this pathway I’m
if you’re gonna block this pathway I’m
if you’re gonna block this pathway I’m going to circumvent it I’m gonna come up
going to circumvent it I’m gonna come up
going to circumvent it I’m gonna come up with a different pathway and drop
with a different pathway and drop
with a different pathway and drop resistance to your drug that you’re
resistance to your drug that you’re
resistance to your drug that you’re offering
offering
offering so we said alright we’re going to give
so we said alright we’re going to give
so we said alright we’re going to give you multiple target pathway and abetters
you multiple target pathway and abetters
you multiple target pathway and abetters then we start getting into toxicity then
then we start getting into toxicity then
then we start getting into toxicity then we said okay what if we know
we said okay what if we know
we said okay what if we know chemotherapy works we know what this
chemotherapy works we know what this
chemotherapy works we know what this collateral damage that happens with
collateral damage that happens with
collateral damage that happens with chemotherapy
chemotherapy
chemotherapy what if we were to combine chemotherapy
what if we were to combine chemotherapy
what if we were to combine chemotherapy with an antibody and a concept called
with an antibody and a concept called
with an antibody and a concept called antibody drug conjugate what if we take
antibody drug conjugate what if we take
antibody drug conjugate what if we take the chemos her boot right to the cancer
the chemos her boot right to the cancer
the chemos her boot right to the cancer cell and use the antibody to direct this
cell and use the antibody to direct this
cell and use the antibody to direct this chemotherapy within the cancer cell it
chemotherapy within the cancer cell it
chemotherapy within the cancer cell it was shown to be helpful in lymphoma and
was shown to be helpful in lymphoma and
was shown to be helpful in lymphoma and we showed it was helpful in breast
we showed it was helpful in breast
we showed it was helpful in breast cancer the challenges that these targets
cancer the challenges that these targets
cancer the challenges that these targets that we have in breast cancer for
that we have in breast cancer for
that we have in breast cancer for instance there’s about 15 to 20% of our
instance there’s about 15 to 20% of our
instance there’s about 15 to 20% of our patient
patient
patient who are responsive to that kind of
who are responsive to that kind of
who are responsive to that kind of concept but there’s many other patients
concept but there’s many other patients
concept but there’s many other patients who do not respond to the targeted
who do not respond to the targeted
who do not respond to the targeted therapies because we’re still not sure
therapies because we’re still not sure
therapies because we’re still not sure what the target is
what the target is
what the target is so targeted therapy is still part and
so targeted therapy is still part and
so targeted therapy is still part and and clearly what we need to do for our
and clearly what we need to do for our
and clearly what we need to do for our patients with cancer but then we started
patients with cancer but then we started
patients with cancer but then we started to shift a little bit and we said what
to shift a little bit and we said what
to shift a little bit and we said what if we use our own body’s immune system
if we use our own body’s immune system
if we use our own body’s immune system so what happens is that we have immune
so what happens is that we have immune
so what happens is that we have immune cells that recognize foreign cells could
cells that recognize foreign cells could
cells that recognize foreign cells could be infection could be cancer cells and
be infection could be cancer cells and
be infection could be cancer cells and they say you don’t look great you don’t
they say you don’t look great you don’t
they say you don’t look great you don’t belong here you need to be removed from
belong here you need to be removed from
belong here you need to be removed from air and they target those cells and the
air and they target those cells and the
air and they target those cells and the cancer cells are able to drop in hiding
cancer cells are able to drop in hiding
cancer cells are able to drop in hiding mechanism they say well I am one of you
mechanism they say well I am one of you
mechanism they say well I am one of you don’t look at me keep moving on and they
don’t look at me keep moving on and they
don’t look at me keep moving on and they hide away from our own immune system and
hide away from our own immune system and
hide away from our own immune system and scientists started to discover this
scientists started to discover this
scientists started to discover this hiding mechanism to see how our cancer
hiding mechanism to see how our cancer
hiding mechanism to see how our cancer cells hiding from our active immune
cells hiding from our active immune
cells hiding from our active immune cells t-cells are circulating around
cells t-cells are circulating around
cells t-cells are circulating around looking for these foreign objects and
looking for these foreign objects and
looking for these foreign objects and they found the reason why they found the
they found the reason why they found the
they found the reason why they found the receptors and the proteins that make
receptors and the proteins that make
receptors and the proteins that make these cancer cells hide away from the
these cancer cells hide away from the
these cancer cells hide away from the immune system and then said why don’t we
immune system and then said why don’t we
immune system and then said why don’t we attack these proteins and that’s exactly
attack these proteins and that’s exactly
attack these proteins and that’s exactly what happened around ten years ago we
what happened around ten years ago we
what happened around ten years ago we started to drop therapies called immune
started to drop therapies called immune
started to drop therapies called immune therapies where suddenly the cancer
therapies where suddenly the cancer
therapies where suddenly the cancer cells are much more visible and the
cells are much more visible and the
cells are much more visible and the immune cells are much more likely to be
immune cells are much more likely to be
immune cells are much more likely to be able to attract to these cancer cells
able to attract to these cancer cells
able to attract to these cancer cells uncover them and target them and now in
uncover them and target them and now in
uncover them and target them and now in melanoma in kidney cancer and lung
melanoma in kidney cancer and lung
melanoma in kidney cancer and lung cancer in head and neck cancer we use
cancer in head and neck cancer we use
cancer in head and neck cancer we use immune therapies for treatment of cancer
immune therapies for treatment of cancer
immune therapies for treatment of cancer the challenges but still only about ten
the challenges but still only about ten
the challenges but still only about ten percent of our cancer patients benefit
percent of our cancer patients benefit
percent of our cancer patients benefit from immune therapy and some situations
from immune therapy and some situations
from immune therapy and some situations we may give the drug but the immune
we may give the drug but the immune
we may give the drug but the immune system doesn’t waken up so the
system doesn’t waken up so the
system doesn’t waken up so the scientists are now looking at how do we
scientists are now looking at how do we
scientists are now looking at how do we wake up the immune system and one of the
wake up the immune system and one of the
wake up the immune system and one of the ideas was why don’t we take the t-cells
ideas was why don’t we take the t-cells
ideas was why don’t we take the t-cells from the humans which are affected by
from the humans which are affected by
from the humans which are affected by cancer engineered these t-cells to
cancer engineered these t-cells to
cancer engineered these t-cells to recognise cancer cells and put and Riaan
recognise cancer cells and put and Riaan
recognise cancer cells and put and Riaan fuse these t-cells back into these
fuse these t-cells back into these
fuse these t-cells back into these patients with cancer
patients with cancer
patients with cancer since were able to engineer a immune
since were able to engineer a immune
since were able to engineer a immune system to recognize cancer these drugs
system to recognize cancer these drugs
system to recognize cancer these drugs have just been approved as of this year
have just been approved as of this year
have just been approved as of this year by FDA there’s still a challenge there’s
by FDA there’s still a challenge there’s
by FDA there’s still a challenge there’s heterogeneity
heterogeneity
heterogeneity there’s escape mechanisms and the
there’s escape mechanisms and the
there’s escape mechanisms and the question is you know we may have 10 15
question is you know we may have 10 15
question is you know we may have 10 15 percent of our patients are benefitting
percent of our patients are benefitting
percent of our patients are benefitting and this is driven by clinical trials
and this is driven by clinical trials
and this is driven by clinical trials but that’s a small subset of patients
but that’s a small subset of patients
but that’s a small subset of patients how do we move forward if you’re really
how do we move forward if you’re really
how do we move forward if you’re really going to change cancer cure and that
going to change cancer cure and that
going to change cancer cure and that road ahead needs us to take a look back
road ahead needs us to take a look back
road ahead needs us to take a look back as to where we came from and this
as to where we came from and this
as to where we came from and this started to change with the Human Genome
started to change with the Human Genome
started to change with the Human Genome Project the Human Genome Project many of
Project the Human Genome Project many of
Project the Human Genome Project many of you are aware looked at genome which is
you are aware looked at genome which is
you are aware looked at genome which is really all this DNA that we have in our
really all this DNA that we have in our
really all this DNA that we have in our cells nucleus and they said let’s
cells nucleus and they said let’s
cells nucleus and they said let’s sequence all the DNA to know what we’re
sequence all the DNA to know what we’re
sequence all the DNA to know what we’re all about so from the year in 1990 to
all about so from the year in 1990 to
all about so from the year in 1990 to 2003 there were about 2.7 billion
2003 there were about 2.7 billion
2003 there were about 2.7 billion dollars spent to understand what is the
dollars spent to understand what is the
dollars spent to understand what is the DNA I Inhumans it took 2.7 billion
DNA I Inhumans it took 2.7 billion
DNA I Inhumans it took 2.7 billion dollars to be able to sequence the DNA
dollars to be able to sequence the DNA
dollars to be able to sequence the DNA to understand what the human genome look
to understand what the human genome look
to understand what the human genome look like in 2005 they said why don’t we do
like in 2005 they said why don’t we do
like in 2005 they said why don’t we do the same for cancer so that we can
the same for cancer so that we can
the same for cancer so that we can catalog these genetic mutations so we
catalog these genetic mutations so we
catalog these genetic mutations so we can understand what’s driving cancer the
can understand what’s driving cancer the
can understand what’s driving cancer the challenge was cost because we were
challenge was cost because we were
challenge was cost because we were looking at millions and millions of
looking at millions and millions of
looking at millions and millions of dollars but thankfully the sequencing
dollars but thankfully the sequencing
dollars but thankfully the sequencing cost Ari to drop down it went from
cost Ari to drop down it went from
cost Ari to drop down it went from hundreds of millions of dollars in 2008
hundreds of millions of dollars in 2008
hundreds of millions of dollars in 2008 it went to 10 million dollars and now
it went to 10 million dollars and now
it went to 10 million dollars and now you can sequence your own human genome
you can sequence your own human genome
you can sequence your own human genome for less than a thousand dollars but the
for less than a thousand dollars but the
for less than a thousand dollars but the challenge is data if we take a look at
challenge is data if we take a look at
challenge is data if we take a look at 33 cancer subtypes that have been
33 cancer subtypes that have been
33 cancer subtypes that have been sequenced so far that data equals 22.0
sequenced so far that data equals 22.0
sequenced so far that data equals 22.0 petabyte each petabyte is equal to about
petabyte each petabyte is equal to about
petabyte each petabyte is equal to about $220,000 – and 20,000 DVDs that’s the
$220,000 – and 20,000 DVDs that’s the
$220,000 – and 20,000 DVDs that’s the amount of storage that is needed for
amount of storage that is needed for
amount of storage that is needed for understanding cancer so the question is
understanding cancer so the question is
understanding cancer so the question is maybe we don’t need to sequence all the
maybe we don’t need to sequence all the
maybe we don’t need to sequence all the human genome maybe we just need to look
human genome maybe we just need to look
human genome maybe we just need to look for those mutations that we can do
for those mutations that we can do
for those mutations that we can do something about something called
something about something called
something about something called actionable mutations mutations where we
actionable mutations mutations where we
actionable mutations mutations where we have a drug that we can give to our
have a drug that we can give to our
have a drug that we can give to our patients mutations that we can actually
patients mutations that we can actually
patients mutations that we can actually act upon
act upon
act upon that’s the concept called next-gen
that’s the concept called next-gen
that’s the concept called next-gen sequencing and that’s what’s been
sequencing and that’s what’s been
sequencing and that’s what’s been applied to cancer care to be able to
applied to cancer care to be able to
applied to cancer care to be able to understand that what if we didn’t have
understand that what if we didn’t have
understand that what if we didn’t have to biopsy the tumor what if we just took
to biopsy the tumor what if we just took
to biopsy the tumor what if we just took a blood test and recognized cancer cells
a blood test and recognized cancer cells
a blood test and recognized cancer cells and sequence the DNA on those individual
and sequence the DNA on those individual
and sequence the DNA on those individual cancer cells concept called liquid
cancer cells concept called liquid
cancer cells concept called liquid biopsy that we are understanding and
biopsy that we are understanding and
biopsy that we are understanding and delivering now for our patients but the
delivering now for our patients but the
delivering now for our patients but the challenge is data so if you just take a
challenge is data so if you just take a
challenge is data so if you just take a look at all the labs in the world which
look at all the labs in the world which
look at all the labs in the world which are doing that the amount of data that
are doing that the amount of data that
are doing that the amount of data that is needed in 2017 to look at those
is needed in 2017 to look at those
is needed in 2017 to look at those cancer cells and this is just patients
cancer cells and this is just patients
cancer cells and this is just patients are in clinical trials is one exabyte an
are in clinical trials is one exabyte an
are in clinical trials is one exabyte an exabyte is million times a million times
exabyte is million times a million times
exabyte is million times a million times a million bytes that’s how much data
a million bytes that’s how much data
a million bytes that’s how much data would be needed just for us to to
would be needed just for us to to
would be needed just for us to to collect the information the question
collect the information the question
collect the information the question then is what do we do with all this
then is what do we do with all this
then is what do we do with all this information and the real answer to that
information and the real answer to that
information and the real answer to that is we need to have the right people on
is we need to have the right people on
is we need to have the right people on the table when we making treatment
the table when we making treatment
the table when we making treatment decision making so suddenly the decision
decision making so suddenly the decision
decision making so suddenly the decision about what treatment we need to give to
about what treatment we need to give to
about what treatment we need to give to our cancer patients is not just as
our cancer patients is not just as
our cancer patients is not just as doctors as nurses and healthcare
doctors as nurses and healthcare
doctors as nurses and healthcare providers we need computer scientists we
providers we need computer scientists we
providers we need computer scientists we need mathematicians we need bar
need mathematicians we need bar
need mathematicians we need bar informaticians to be there alongside us
informaticians to be there alongside us
informaticians to be there alongside us to be able to take a look at this data
to be able to take a look at this data
to be able to take a look at this data but that data just tells us about the
but that data just tells us about the
but that data just tells us about the cancer it tells us about what’s
cancer it tells us about what’s
cancer it tells us about what’s happening at the level of the tumor it
happening at the level of the tumor it
happening at the level of the tumor it doesn’t tell us what else is happening
doesn’t tell us what else is happening
doesn’t tell us what else is happening in those patients who did not go on
in those patients who did not go on
in those patients who did not go on clinical trials if we have 17 million
clinical trials if we have 17 million
clinical trials if we have 17 million patients who are diagnosed with cancer
patients who are diagnosed with cancer
patients who are diagnosed with cancer what if we had electronic health record
what if we had electronic health record
what if we had electronic health record data from all these hundreds of
data from all these hundreds of
data from all these hundreds of thousands and millions of patients and
thousands and millions of patients and
thousands and millions of patients and understand what happened to them when
understand what happened to them when
understand what happened to them when they receive treatment so understand how
they receive treatment so understand how
they receive treatment so understand how did they respond to the drugs to
did they respond to the drugs to
did they respond to the drugs to understand their ethnicity their age the
understand their ethnicity their age the
understand their ethnicity their age the core morbidities how what if we had that
core morbidities how what if we had that
core morbidities how what if we had that data what if we asked our patients to
data what if we asked our patients to
data what if we asked our patients to record their data something called
record their data something called
record their data something called patient reported outcomes when they’re
patient reported outcomes when they’re
patient reported outcomes when they’re at home what side effect they had what
at home what side effect they had what
at home what side effect they had what symptom they had and what if we had a
symptom they had and what if we had a
symptom they had and what if we had a way of looking at all the knowledge that
way of looking at all the knowledge that
way of looking at all the knowledge that is coming in the medical literature and
is coming in the medical literature and
is coming in the medical literature and integrating that with a patient of old
integrating that with a patient of old
integrating that with a patient of old era that is a road ahead for us to be
era that is a road ahead for us to be
era that is a road ahead for us to be able to look at the tumor biology to
able to look at the tumor biology to
able to look at the tumor biology to look at the electron
look at the electron
look at the electron like health records to look at patient
like health records to look at patient
like health records to look at patient reported outcomes to be able to
reported outcomes to be able to
reported outcomes to be able to integrate and assimilate the information
integrate and assimilate the information
integrate and assimilate the information is coming in the medical literature then
is coming in the medical literature then
is coming in the medical literature then to be able to integrate this information
to be able to integrate this information
to be able to integrate this information inform our patients that this is the
inform our patients that this is the
inform our patients that this is the treatment that you need to have so the
treatment that you need to have so the
treatment that you need to have so the future of cancer is dependent on
future of cancer is dependent on
future of cancer is dependent on advances that were made in treatment but
advances that were made in treatment but
advances that were made in treatment but the future of cancer is going to be
the future of cancer is going to be
the future of cancer is going to be dependent on data and the only way we
dependent on data and the only way we
dependent on data and the only way we can outsmart cancer is byte by byte by
can outsmart cancer is byte by byte by
can outsmart cancer is byte by byte by integrating and informing our patients
integrating and informing our patients
integrating and informing our patients based on data thank you very much
based on data thank you very much
based on data thank you very much [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
”
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