the world is staring down the barrel of climate change in 2015 we committed to a
climate change in 2015 we committed to a
climate change in 2015 we committed to a global agreement to reduce our
global agreement to reduce our
global agreement to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions so we could
greenhouse gas emissions so we could
greenhouse gas emissions so we could keep climate change to only one and a
keep climate change to only one and a
keep climate change to only one and a half degrees air transport is a special
half degrees air transport is a special
half degrees air transport is a special scrutiny it’s currently it’s missions
scrutiny it’s currently it’s missions
scrutiny it’s currently it’s missions have grown by 75% since 1990 that’s
have grown by 75% since 1990 that’s
have grown by 75% since 1990 that’s double the rest of the economy despite
double the rest of the economy despite
double the rest of the economy despite oil crisis Wars and global recession the
oil crisis Wars and global recession the
oil crisis Wars and global recession the demand for air transport keeps growing
demand for air transport keeps growing
demand for air transport keeps growing and it grows inexorably on an
and it grows inexorably on an
and it grows inexorably on an exponential rate in fact the world
exponential rate in fact the world
exponential rate in fact the world economy and in particular the New
economy and in particular the New
economy and in particular the New Zealand economy relies on this growth in
Zealand economy relies on this growth in
Zealand economy relies on this growth in New Zealand we have 12 billion dollars
New Zealand we have 12 billion dollars
New Zealand we have 12 billion dollars of international tourism 99% of which
of international tourism 99% of which
of international tourism 99% of which comes in by air we have twenty billion
comes in by air we have twenty billion
comes in by air we have twenty billion dollars of our high-value exports travel
dollars of our high-value exports travel
dollars of our high-value exports travel by air so even though we are expecting
by air so even though we are expecting
by air so even though we are expecting and planning for the air travel to
and planning for the air travel to
and planning for the air travel to continue its growth and it’s going to
continue its growth and it’s going to
continue its growth and it’s going to double by 2050 we have signed up to keep
double by 2050 we have signed up to keep
double by 2050 we have signed up to keep in total aviation emissions at the
in total aviation emissions at the
in total aviation emissions at the current levels so to deliver that
current levels so to deliver that
current levels so to deliver that climate agreement that we’ve made whilst
climate agreement that we’ve made whilst
climate agreement that we’ve made whilst still maintaining that growth and
still maintaining that growth and
still maintaining that growth and maintaining the economy we must achieve
maintaining the economy we must achieve
maintaining the economy we must achieve a 30% improvement in in the fuel
a 30% improvement in in the fuel
a 30% improvement in in the fuel efficiency of our aircraft business as
efficiency of our aircraft business as
efficiency of our aircraft business as usual is not an option
usual is not an option
usual is not an option how can this efficiency be achieved at
how can this efficiency be achieved at
how can this efficiency be achieved at the Robinson Institute Research
the Robinson Institute Research
the Robinson Institute Research Institute my team and I are carrying out
Institute my team and I are carrying out
Institute my team and I are carrying out development that will drastically reduce
development that will drastically reduce
development that will drastically reduce emissions from a commercial aviation was
emissions from a commercial aviation was
emissions from a commercial aviation was catering to that growing demand for
catering to that growing demand for
catering to that growing demand for patent
patent
patent miles so but first let’s talk about the
miles so but first let’s talk about the
miles so but first let’s talk about the current aviation technology a
current aviation technology a
current aviation technology a rolls-royce trent 700 engine is
rolls-royce trent 700 engine is
rolls-royce trent 700 engine is incredibly reliable they fail in service
incredibly reliable they fail in service
incredibly reliable they fail in service for less than one event in a million
for less than one event in a million
for less than one event in a million hours of flight for then the context
hours of flight for then the context
hours of flight for then the context that’s one event in a hundred years of
that’s one event in a hundred years of
that’s one event in a hundred years of running I think very few of you have got
running I think very few of you have got
running I think very few of you have got a car engine that would do that jet
a car engine that would do that jet
a car engine that would do that jet engines are super efficient they have
engines are super efficient they have
engines are super efficient they have been developed very for a very long time
been developed very for a very long time
been developed very for a very long time – very high efficiency but they’re super
– very high efficiency but they’re super
– very high efficiency but they’re super efficient at full speed
efficient at full speed
efficient at full speed the problem is FRA tooling up throttling
the problem is FRA tooling up throttling
the problem is FRA tooling up throttling down and idling because we do a lot of
down and idling because we do a lot of
down and idling because we do a lot of throttling up throttling down in idling
throttling up throttling down in idling
throttling up throttling down in idling in a commercial flight we’re unlikely to
in a commercial flight we’re unlikely to
in a commercial flight we’re unlikely to gain that fuel efficiency from a jet
gain that fuel efficiency from a jet
gain that fuel efficiency from a jet engine
engine
engine we need a new technology electrification
we need a new technology electrification
we need a new technology electrification of transport is a global trend it’s
of transport is a global trend it’s
of transport is a global trend it’s driven not just by climate emissions
driven not just by climate emissions
driven not just by climate emissions it’s also driven by a requirement to
it’s also driven by a requirement to
it’s also driven by a requirement to drive down the use of fuel costly
drive down the use of fuel costly
drive down the use of fuel costly airlines manufacturers government bodies
airlines manufacturers government bodies
airlines manufacturers government bodies are all focused on electrification of
are all focused on electrification of
are all focused on electrification of air transport but there’s significant
air transport but there’s significant
air transport but there’s significant challenges those challenges are twofold
challenges those challenges are twofold
challenges those challenges are twofold one battery technology needs to be
one battery technology needs to be
one battery technology needs to be become super powerful we need to have
become super powerful we need to have
become super powerful we need to have much greater storage capacity and at the
much greater storage capacity and at the
much greater storage capacity and at the same time they must become much much
same time they must become much much
same time they must become much much lighter and secondly we need electric
lighter and secondly we need electric
lighter and secondly we need electric engines that are both super efficient
engines that are both super efficient
engines that are both super efficient and super light to enable that flight so
and super light to enable that flight so
and super light to enable that flight so let’s talk about the first challenge
let’s talk about the first challenge
let’s talk about the first challenge battery technology is developing at the
battery technology is developing at the
battery technology is developing at the current rates of technology development
current rates of technology development
current rates of technology development we will have batteries that are capable
we will have batteries that are capable
we will have batteries that are capable of flying an electric 737 by 2050
but we need a solution by 2035 and the
but we need a solution by 2035 and the number one interim solution is for
number one interim solution is for
number one interim solution is for powering the motors by a turbo electric
powering the motors by a turbo electric
powering the motors by a turbo electric system you can look at this as you take
system you can look at this as you take
system you can look at this as you take the front end of a jet engine remember a
the front end of a jet engine remember a
the front end of a jet engine remember a jet engine is super efficient at full
jet engine is super efficient at full
jet engine is super efficient at full speed we take that jet engine and we run
speed we take that jet engine and we run
speed we take that jet engine and we run it at full speed and we use it to power
it at full speed and we use it to power
it at full speed and we use it to power a generator we run that turbine at a
a generator we run that turbine at a
a generator we run that turbine at a fixed speed driving the generator at its
fixed speed driving the generator at its
fixed speed driving the generator at its highest efficiency point because the
highest efficiency point because the
highest efficiency point because the electric motor is efficient over a wide
electric motor is efficient over a wide
electric motor is efficient over a wide throttle range the concept is not new
throttle range the concept is not new
throttle range the concept is not new it’s in use worldwide and shipping it’s
it’s in use worldwide and shipping it’s
it’s in use worldwide and shipping it’s used in train systems and so it’s
used in train systems and so it’s
used in train systems and so it’s completely viable for aviation so let’s
completely viable for aviation so let’s
completely viable for aviation so let’s talk about that second challenge to make
talk about that second challenge to make
talk about that second challenge to make that turbo electric work
that turbo electric work
that turbo electric work electric engines that are both super
electric engines that are both super
electric engines that are both super light and super powerful right now the
light and super powerful right now the
light and super powerful right now the best motors that have been developed and
best motors that have been developed and
best motors that have been developed and are looking to be developed can deliver
are looking to be developed can deliver
are looking to be developed can deliver 16 kilowatts a kilo if we want to fly an
16 kilowatts a kilo if we want to fly an
16 kilowatts a kilo if we want to fly an electric 737 we need to be at 26
electric 737 we need to be at 26
electric 737 we need to be at 26 kilowatts per kilo to get that kind of
kilowatts per kilo to get that kind of
kilowatts per kilo to get that kind of massive increase in power to weight
massive increase in power to weight
massive increase in power to weight ratio we need a new technology
ratio we need a new technology
ratio we need a new technology the solution is superconducting electric
the solution is superconducting electric
the solution is superconducting electric motors so what’s the superconductor well
motors so what’s the superconductor well
motors so what’s the superconductor well it’s an unusual class of materials that
it’s an unusual class of materials that
it’s an unusual class of materials that have a unique property they pass massive
have a unique property they pass massive
have a unique property they pass massive amounts of current with no resistance
amounts of current with no resistance
amounts of current with no resistance this allows vast magnetic fields to be
this allows vast magnetic fields to be
this allows vast magnetic fields to be created it enables high current to flow
created it enables high current to flow
created it enables high current to flow in windings without
in windings without
in windings without and getting warm without dissipating
and getting warm without dissipating
and getting warm without dissipating power and together that enables smaller
power and together that enables smaller
power and together that enables smaller motors the image behind us is a
motors the image behind us is a
motors the image behind us is a comparison of a ship motor of the same
comparison of a ship motor of the same
comparison of a ship motor of the same capacity so what you can do with
capacity so what you can do with
capacity so what you can do with superconductors you can make motors that
superconductors you can make motors that
superconductors you can make motors that are 1/3 of the volume and the third of
are 1/3 of the volume and the third of
are 1/3 of the volume and the third of the mass when you compare that to a
the mass when you compare that to a
the mass when you compare that to a conventional motor system but this
conventional motor system but this
conventional motor system but this technology was only discovered in 1987
technology was only discovered in 1987
technology was only discovered in 1987 but since that discovery of that class
but since that discovery of that class
but since that discovery of that class of material it’s now in routine
of material it’s now in routine
of material it’s now in routine commercial mass manufacture so my team
commercial mass manufacture so my team
commercial mass manufacture so my team at the Robinson Research Institute have
at the Robinson Research Institute have
at the Robinson Research Institute have been working on applications of super
been working on applications of super
been working on applications of super conductivity since 1987 right at the
conductivity since 1987 right at the
conductivity since 1987 right at the discovery me I’ve been working on the
discovery me I’ve been working on the
discovery me I’ve been working on the application to machines for the last 11
application to machines for the last 11
application to machines for the last 11 years our team at the Robinson Research
years our team at the Robinson Research
years our team at the Robinson Research Institute have supplied commercial
Institute have supplied commercial
Institute have supplied commercial solutions to many clients
solutions to many clients
solutions to many clients internationally including Siemens
internationally including Siemens
internationally including Siemens including the US Air Force including
including the US Air Force including
including the US Air Force including CERN and many others and these include
CERN and many others and these include
CERN and many others and these include motor coils rotors for motors winding
motor coils rotors for motors winding
motor coils rotors for motors winding cables so I think actually we know a
cables so I think actually we know a
cables so I think actually we know a little bit about this my team and I are
little bit about this my team and I are
little bit about this my team and I are designing a novel motor with technology
designing a novel motor with technology
designing a novel motor with technology ready components ready to be applied
ready components ready to be applied
ready components ready to be applied that is aimed at exactly that electric
that is aimed at exactly that electric
that is aimed at exactly that electric 737 aircraft it incorporates highly
737 aircraft it incorporates highly
737 aircraft it incorporates highly reliable DC superconducting magnets
reliable DC superconducting magnets
reliable DC superconducting magnets based on that same coated conductor new
based on that same coated conductor new
based on that same coated conductor new technology and it has a simple
technology and it has a simple
technology and it has a simple mechanical construction we’ve just been
mechanical construction we’ve just been
mechanical construction we’ve just been granted six and a half million to
granted six and a half million to
granted six and a half million to actually demonstrate that motor take it
actually demonstrate that motor take it
actually demonstrate that motor take it to the demonstration stage and
to the demonstration stage and
to the demonstration stage and accelerate the development of turbo
accelerate the development of turbo
accelerate the development of turbo electric aircraft
electric aircraft
electric aircraft as part of an international effort so
as part of an international effort so
as part of an international effort so the global aerospace industry know that
the global aerospace industry know that
the global aerospace industry know that there is only one solution to meet their
there is only one solution to meet their
there is only one solution to meet their requirement and that is to reduce the
requirement and that is to reduce the
requirement and that is to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions through hybrid
greenhouse gas emissions through hybrid
greenhouse gas emissions through hybrid electric aircraft they are the only
electric aircraft they are the only
electric aircraft they are the only viable solution they will use
viable solution they will use
viable solution they will use aerodynamically optimized electric
aerodynamically optimized electric
aerodynamically optimized electric motors combined with turbo fans and
motors combined with turbo fans and
motors combined with turbo fans and those super conducting motors an
those super conducting motors an
those super conducting motors an electric drivetrain provides the very
electric drivetrain provides the very
electric drivetrain provides the very high efficiency in output and in this
high efficiency in output and in this
high efficiency in output and in this way fuel efficiency gains of up to 33%
way fuel efficiency gains of up to 33%
way fuel efficiency gains of up to 33% can be achieved over the existing
can be achieved over the existing
can be achieved over the existing combustion jet technology that gives us
combustion jet technology that gives us
combustion jet technology that gives us breathing space until battery technology
breathing space until battery technology
breathing space until battery technology is achieved and we can get fuel
is achieved and we can get fuel
is achieved and we can get fuel efficiency gains of more than 70% once
efficiency gains of more than 70% once
efficiency gains of more than 70% once the batteries are there to combine with
the batteries are there to combine with
the batteries are there to combine with it the concept design that shown behind
it the concept design that shown behind
it the concept design that shown behind me is one from NASA that design would
me is one from NASA that design would
me is one from NASA that design would not work without the power-to-weight
not work without the power-to-weight
not work without the power-to-weight ratio of a superconducting motor it
ratio of a superconducting motor it
ratio of a superconducting motor it would not work without one introduction
would not work without one introduction
would not work without one introduction of new technology into aviation takes
of new technology into aviation takes
of new technology into aviation takes time and lots of certification I’m
time and lots of certification I’m
time and lots of certification I’m fairly sure that you don’t want to be
fairly sure that you don’t want to be
fairly sure that you don’t want to be falling out of the sky when the engine
falling out of the sky when the engine
falling out of the sky when the engine stops so introduction of technology
stops so introduction of technology
stops so introduction of technology happens through scaling so we start with
happens through scaling so we start with
happens through scaling so we start with a small scale say a regional aircraft
a small scale say a regional aircraft
a small scale say a regional aircraft and it develops through and it’s
and it develops through and it’s
and it develops through and it’s integrated and certified and it scales
integrated and certified and it scales
integrated and certified and it scales up until we reach an electric 737 it
up until we reach an electric 737 it
up until we reach an electric 737 it took twenty five years to take composite
took twenty five years to take composite
took twenty five years to take composite technology that was used in the military
technology that was used in the military
technology that was used in the military into commercial aviation which you think
into commercial aviation which you think
into commercial aviation which you think nothing of now in a 787 but all
nothing of now in a 787 but all
nothing of now in a 787 but all international efforts and believe all
international efforts and believe all
international efforts and believe all countries are involved in this are
countries are involved in this are
countries are involved in this are working on a time frame for the
working on a time frame for the
working on a time frame for the conducting technology to be integrated
conducting technology to be integrated
conducting technology to be integrated within a 20 to 25 year time frame they
within a 20 to 25 year time frame they
within a 20 to 25 year time frame they will be flying so what does the future
will be flying so what does the future
will be flying so what does the future hold future looks quite cool as
hold future looks quite cool as
hold future looks quite cool as aerodynamic integration of the motors
aerodynamic integration of the motors
aerodynamic integration of the motors and then they and the defrost system
and then they and the defrost system
and then they and the defrost system within the wings it has a fully electric
within the wings it has a fully electric
within the wings it has a fully electric propulsion system super conductivity has
propulsion system super conductivity has
propulsion system super conductivity has been identified as the only way and
been identified as the only way and
been identified as the only way and being critical to the development of
being critical to the development of
being critical to the development of that electric aircraft that can deliver
that electric aircraft that can deliver
that electric aircraft that can deliver low emission and enable us to meet our
low emission and enable us to meet our
low emission and enable us to meet our commitments and when the battery
commitments and when the battery
commitments and when the battery technology does get good enough aircraft
technology does get good enough aircraft
technology does get good enough aircraft like these will deliver greater than 70
like these will deliver greater than 70
like these will deliver greater than 70 percent efficiency and fuel for those
percent efficiency and fuel for those
percent efficiency and fuel for those flights turbo electric superconducting
flights turbo electric superconducting
flights turbo electric superconducting aircraft will change the world thank you
you
you [Music]
”
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