[Music]
you can tell me when the next one will fall
killer asteroids or that road in
able to kill in one fell swoop
at least 25 percent of beings
living
I can tell you that almost surely
will happen in the next 100 million
years
problem that I can not tell you if it happens
in ten years or between 99 million years
tonight he will talk to you about it
asteroids as asteroids as they can
asking with the earth is what it is
doing the scientific community in
this topic, however, first I would like to
talk a little about the asteroids and I would like to
introduce you what I am and respond to three
details tomorrow so who I am
because they exist and where they come from
So first of all who I am are there
they can be different types of asteroids
I have booked model cars
you can have a type asteroid
metal formed mainly from nickel
and iron therefore very dense very heavy
and to the characteristic also of being
very reflective reflects like one
mirror the sunlight and attention
altered and in air according to type of
rock-like stone type asteroids in English
composed of silicates and other minerals a
a little less dense, a little darker
however that this vocal life
third type of asteroids are those
Carbonaceous the coal miners there are those
more numerous are obviously from the name
they are composed primarily of carbon
and other minerals are much more
read some could even to
float on water and I’m very
dark reflect only 34 percent
of the sunlight though that these ops
wrong then I’ll never launcher
I’m good at baseball though
Forgotten of a thing there are also the
comets true as comets are made
let ‘s take the carbonaceous asteroid
add a little water is right
crimaldi leverone we do not put in the
freezer and we get something a lot
similar to a comet that attention
this that also the wake
it’s okay to be more or less what i am
asteroids and comets
but now I tell you why they exist
then the asteroids are not actually
other than fossils in our system
solar
so maybe because they come from the gods
primordial planetesimals that are not
been able to form a planet
more massive like the earth where it is
they find most of the asteroids
known are found in a band a
called the asteroid band
which is located between Mars and Jupiter in fact
Jupiter because it is very massive it does not have
allowed to these planetesimi
primordial just to aggregate in
reality then there are many asteroids
beyond the orbit of neptune is called
trans Neptunians and these are
actually more objects
primordial of our solar system
in reality then there are objects that
they pass from one region to another
are the centaurs who pass point of the
neptunian trans to the inner band
asteroid belt but some of them
they even manage to penetrate the
solar system and to enter into the sun
and then pass dc
in the earth they can intercept
the orbit of the earth
here’s the problem then it never happened
there have been impacts of asteroids
on the earth then just look
the moon we notice something
moon is all pitted with craters from
impact are the result of impact of
asteroids occurred billions of years that
they stayed there on earth not there
we find all these traces of impacts
of asteroids because because the earth
no advantage is a living planet not
I live only because there are beings
living but the video because it is
geologically alive there is tectonics a
clods is the atmosphere winds the rain
and these heal the wounds caused
from the impacts of asteroids
however we can find wounds
the deepest ones that remain
there are some traces here we see for
example the half crafter that a crater
famous because it is located in arizona
caused by an iron nickel object
precisely that he fell 50,000 years ago ha
caused an impact of fratel and a
mile and a half and it was only 50 meters
in diameter
recently, a few years ago, it is
a crater of 180 km has been discovered
diameter is located in a Yucatan that the
Mexican peninsula and this was it
dated to 66 million years ago it was
probably an object of 12 km
size and the interesting thing that
66 million years ago it was there
the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and there
there are several tests that show us that
the extinction was caused just by
this type of asteroids
actually these catastrophic events
involving the whole planet are
very very rare, however, there are
smaller objects that can fall
very frequently for example a
event well known what it is
occurred in 1908 just over a century
makes in a region of the siberia scheme
abruptly there was an object of one
seventy meters that exploded in
flight and to the shock wave caused the
destruction of 2,200 square kilometers
of forest 2,200 square kilometers is
the typical area of a city
subway like Rome you can
imagine what could have caused if
he had fallen into one
populated city
recently then we admire the times a bit
our
in 2013 another object always in
Russia are not unlucky this is a
object of 15 18 meters then little more
of a bus
here it exploded 30 kilometers
high above the city of celiabinsk
even there
the shock wave reached the ground and has
destroyed thousands of square meters of
glasses and therefore unfortunately hurt one
about 1,000 people including 200
children so morality is the danger
there is and there is something to do
So what do we want to do?
discover these objects the first
possible
if we discover them and know that they are
i wrote and collisions what we can do
we can deflect it
destroy it
or if it’s small and we get to know it
that will impact here soon
we can calculate the place of impact e
then evacuate and then put in
people things safety though
we must precisely discover these objects
then since the 90s of America i
United States have invested strong
resources to discover the asteroids
killer need special telescopes
telescope large field or in degree
to observe a slice of heaven a lot
great in no time
this way we say they are sentinel
and discover all the possible asteroids
killer then doing so in reality
many asteroids have been discovered
now they have known each other in the last
so you can see the last 20 30
600 thousand years are escorted open
asteroids in general
at least 600 thousand of which 17,000 are
those that pass close to the earth
the English are called neo or
mirror’s edge and jack step close to
earth and these may have some
possibility to approach the earth and
therefore to fall on the earth
now once we have discovered
these asteroids passing near the
land
you have to do a lot of calculations
complicated very complex algorithms
then there are currently two in the world
groups that deal with this type of
calculate 1 the jpl of the nasa and the other the
our own group in Pisa that was born
at the University of Pisa and now we have
a little moved to the Egyptian situation
European and this to say that we
we have Italian leadership
we have a leadership that is not just European
but worldwide
on this type of activity indeed to say it
all
in 1999 we were the first to have it
done once we have
calculated that there is an object with one
certain probability of impact is not enough
It is important that astronomers
they continue to observe this possible
impacted king not only astronomers but
even amateur astronomers are amateurs
ordinary citizens like you who with tea
discoveries they may have at home
behind in the garden they can observe it and
help increase the amount of data
and therefore knows to determine with greater
accuracy if the asteroid falls or not
so people will fall too
common this this context is a lot
very important I return another one too
thing
Italy and Europe now stand
doing a lot must recover a bit
to the road made by the Americans
but for ten years now Europe and
the European space agency is putting
of the strong resources so much so that from
a few years there is a center called
new coordinator who is just a
frascati in Italy thanks to ours
leadership in this area
said this now I would like to do a little
announcement because in my career has
he was also lucky to find out
several different dozens of asteroids and from
discoverer can also give the name to
to the asteroid and as I am bound to
this city because the city of mine
father the family of my father but also
the city where I lived during the
so I’m in college
very tied up
on the other hand he reciprocates my affection
I wanted to dedicate opportune of the
asteroids which is called 78 thousand 661
right to the city of castelfranco
[Music]
so I wanted to make the final thread of the
discourse then the danger as I said
of the asteroids
it exists however it is under control we have
already discovered 90 percent of the
asteroids larger than one km are
those potentially dangerous for the
land
so we do not have to worry about it
important is the message that I also give you
if you have been interested in the subject
you can also contribute to the
salvation of the planet
three things are enough for the telescope
passion and a little experience thank you
[Applause]
”
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