when I speak I would like you to think about one question why is Scandinavia so
about one question why is Scandinavia so
about one question why is Scandinavia so rich one reason could be that we are
rich one reason could be that we are
rich one reason could be that we are sharing so much then we get the common
sharing so much then we get the common
sharing so much then we get the common interest to make a big pie because we’re
interest to make a big pie because we’re
interest to make a big pie because we’re gonna share it in any case it isn’t the
gonna share it in any case it isn’t the
gonna share it in any case it isn’t the only explanation but this is the
only explanation but this is the
only explanation but this is the explanation that would like you to have
explanation that would like you to have
explanation that would like you to have in mind and I move on now to think more
in mind and I move on now to think more
in mind and I move on now to think more about developing countries India and
about developing countries India and
about developing countries India and other countries from many countries are
other countries from many countries are
other countries from many countries are not so fortunate as us they are not
not so fortunate as us they are not
not so fortunate as us they are not sharing as much as we do and they do
sharing as much as we do and they do
sharing as much as we do and they do much worse for example one there’s a
much worse for example one there’s a
much worse for example one there’s a tragic example the big genocide in 1994
tragic example the big genocide in 1994
tragic example the big genocide in 1994 it wasn’t only a bad economic
it wasn’t only a bad economic
it wasn’t only a bad economic catastrophe but it was also of German
catastrophe but it was also of German
catastrophe but it was also of German catastrophe as you all know 800,000
catastrophe as you all know 800,000
catastrophe as you all know 800,000 people were killed just in hundred days
people were killed just in hundred days
people were killed just in hundred days and you see here’s a graph over the GDP
and you see here’s a graph over the GDP
and you see here’s a graph over the GDP development over the period you see this
development over the period you see this
development over the period you see this a tremendous dropped in 1994 it was
a tremendous dropped in 1994 it was
a tremendous dropped in 1994 it was actually a drop in production of equal
actually a drop in production of equal
actually a drop in production of equal size of the drop in production in the
size of the drop in production in the
size of the drop in production in the Great Depression in the US greater
Great Depression in the US greater
Great Depression in the US greater actually we also see a path where it’s
actually we also see a path where it’s
actually we also see a path where it’s increasing after the things went better
increasing after the things went better
increasing after the things went better both the both the tragedy in 1984 the
both the both the tragedy in 1984 the
both the both the tragedy in 1984 the consequences of that and the prosperity
consequences of that and the prosperity
consequences of that and the prosperity that followed after but very unequally
that followed after but very unequally
that followed after but very unequally shared in the population this is typical
shared in the population this is typical
shared in the population this is typical many countries in Africa and elsewhere
many countries in Africa and elsewhere
many countries in Africa and elsewhere have a lot of conflict in Africa that’s
have a lot of conflict in Africa that’s
have a lot of conflict in Africa that’s 80 percent of all countries in Africa
80 percent of all countries in Africa
80 percent of all countries in Africa have at least one year of civil war
have at least one year of civil war
have at least one year of civil war since 1980 and as well the conflicts are
since 1980 and as well the conflicts are
since 1980 and as well the conflicts are more simmering maybe they are not so
more simmering maybe they are not so
more simmering maybe they are not so brutal as we have seen here but they are
brutal as we have seen here but they are
brutal as we have seen here but they are there and they are destroying so many
there and they are destroying so many
there and they are destroying so many economic performance of the other
economic performance of the other
economic performance of the other country and the life that people live
country and the life that people live
country and the life that people live are worse than they needed to be so we
are worse than they needed to be so we
are worse than they needed to be so we needed a solution for this and the
needed a solution for this and the
needed a solution for this and the solution I can talk about is universal
solution I can talk about is universal
solution I can talk about is universal basic income to people
basic income to people
basic income to people in principle to get a bit a colleague of
in principle to get a bit a colleague of
in principle to get a bit a colleague of mine an Indian economist working at a
mine an Indian economist working at a
mine an Indian economist working at a New York University Deborah ray we have
New York University Deborah ray we have
New York University Deborah ray we have explored the possibility of reducing
explored the possibility of reducing
explored the possibility of reducing universal basic particularly universal
universal basic particularly universal
universal basic particularly universal basic share which is a simple amendment
basic share which is a simple amendment
basic share which is a simple amendment to this universal basic income it is an
to this universal basic income it is an
to this universal basic income it is an amendment in the sense that you are
amendment in the sense that you are
amendment in the sense that you are committing to a share of the total
committing to a share of the total
committing to a share of the total income in the country that is shared by
income in the country that is shared by
income in the country that is shared by everybody everybody’s getting equal much
everybody everybody’s getting equal much
everybody everybody’s getting equal much of this ten percents a share of the
of this ten percents a share of the
of this ten percents a share of the total incomes in the country
total incomes in the country
total incomes in the country and we’re gonna know look at some
and we’re gonna know look at some
and we’re gonna know look at some consequences of that and I’m going to
consequences of that and I’m going to
consequences of that and I’m going to give you some examples so this is a
give you some examples so this is a
give you some examples so this is a universal basic share so is that three
universal basic share so is that three
universal basic share so is that three sets of consequences and they are it
sets of consequences and they are it
sets of consequences and they are it reduces poverty and inequality that’s
reduces poverty and inequality that’s
reduces poverty and inequality that’s one thing
one thing
one thing it increases the social insurance offer
it increases the social insurance offer
it increases the social insurance offer to people and it reduces conflicts each
to people and it reduces conflicts each
to people and it reduces conflicts each of these three things the universal
of these three things the universal
of these three things the universal basic share has a direct effect on each
basic share has a direct effect on each
basic share has a direct effect on each of these three entities here it reduces
of these three entities here it reduces
of these three entities here it reduces poverty obviously because you take 10%
poverty obviously because you take 10%
poverty obviously because you take 10% of the income in the country and you
of the income in the country and you
of the income in the country and you give it to everybody that means that the
give it to everybody that means that the
give it to everybody that means that the two people get much more than the heart
two people get much more than the heart
two people get much more than the heart in India 10% of the income would mean
in India 10% of the income would mean
in India 10% of the income would mean that you give the poverty line an amount
that you give the poverty line an amount
that you give the poverty line an amount equal to the poverty line in in that
equal to the poverty line in in that
equal to the poverty line in in that country you increase the social
country you increase the social
country you increase the social insurance because know there’s a certain
insurance because know there’s a certain
insurance because know there’s a certain level you can’t fall below that if
level you can’t fall below that if
level you can’t fall below that if there’s a draught in the country well
there’s a draught in the country well
there’s a draught in the country well then you you are not having the bad
then you you are not having the bad
then you you are not having the bad consequences of running into depth in
consequences of running into depth in
consequences of running into depth in order to feed your family it reduce
order to feed your family it reduce
order to feed your family it reduce conflicts because no the group that you
conflicts because no the group that you
conflicts because no the group that you represent say that will also lose if
represent say that will also lose if
represent say that will also lose if there is a conflict and and production
there is a conflict and and production
there is a conflict and and production goes down because you get lower basic
goes down because you get lower basic
goes down because you get lower basic income via the basic universal share but
income via the basic universal share but
income via the basic universal share but the most interesting thing is the
the most interesting thing is the
the most interesting thing is the interaction between these things that
interaction between these things that
interaction between these things that you have that
you have that
you have that views conflicts in itself is a social
views conflicts in itself is a social
views conflicts in itself is a social insurance because it stabilizes the
insurance because it stabilizes the
insurance because it stabilizes the economy reduce poverty eliminate so many
economy reduce poverty eliminate so many
economy reduce poverty eliminate so many conflicts it reduced inequality
conflicts it reduced inequality
conflicts it reduced inequality eliminate so many conflicts over which
eliminate so many conflicts over which
eliminate so many conflicts over which you can fight and have tremendous bad
you can fight and have tremendous bad
you can fight and have tremendous bad consequences to increase social
consequences to increase social
consequences to increase social insurance make people more secure to
insurance make people more secure to
insurance make people more secure to invest in good performance and in
invest in good performance and in
invest in good performance and in prosperity so they interact these things
prosperity so they interact these things
prosperity so they interact these things let me see how better we can find any
let me see how better we can find any
let me see how better we can find any Indian experiments that can sort of show
Indian experiments that can sort of show
Indian experiments that can sort of show some of this we cannot find any
some of this we cannot find any
some of this we cannot find any experiences where they use the universal
experiences where they use the universal
experiences where they use the universal basic share because that’s why we have
basic share because that’s why we have
basic share because that’s why we have it as an ID that it hasn’t been tried
it as an ID that it hasn’t been tried
it as an ID that it hasn’t been tried before but there are some experiments
before but there are some experiments
before but there are some experiments where they use universal basic income
where they use universal basic income
where they use universal basic income there was six thousand five hundred
people that we keep in basic income in
people that we keep in basic income in India under the administration of of
self employed Women’s Association in
self employed Women’s Association in 2009 to 2012 we have received an amount
2009 to 2012 we have received an amount
2009 to 2012 we have received an amount each of them extra for the kids that we
each of them extra for the kids that we
each of them extra for the kids that we eat around the poverty line of of each
eat around the poverty line of of each
eat around the poverty line of of each individual so what happens many people
individual so what happens many people
individual so what happens many people think well they will be just waste the
think well they will be just waste the
think well they will be just waste the money easy come easy go so we wasted on
money easy come easy go so we wasted on
money easy come easy go so we wasted on temptation goods what is happening no
temptation goods what is happening no
temptation goods what is happening no they invested manually invested to
they invested manually invested to
they invested manually invested to improve the toilets there is the first
improve the toilets there is the first
improve the toilets there is the first thing they did you know 60% of
thing they did you know 60% of
thing they did you know 60% of households in in India have to
households in in India have to
households in in India have to decaffeinate in the open this is a
decaffeinate in the open this is a
decaffeinate in the open this is a terrible tragedy for women in particular
terrible tragedy for women in particular
terrible tragedy for women in particular in India the first thing that did this
in India the first thing that did this
in India the first thing that did this get them resources to improve the
get them resources to improve the
get them resources to improve the toilets they invested in children the
toilets they invested in children the
toilets they invested in children the more more schooling for children girls
more more schooling for children girls
more more schooling for children girls in particular girls are discriminated in
in particular girls are discriminated in
in particular girls are discriminated in India so we went up at 40% compared to
India so we went up at 40% compared to
India so we went up at 40% compared to the villages that didn’t receive a basic
the villages that didn’t receive a basic
the villages that didn’t receive a basic income and the schooling reached a level
income and the schooling reached a level
income and the schooling reached a level of 65% of the girls which is very high
of 65% of the girls which is very high
of 65% of the girls which is very high in Indian context they are also so
in Indian context they are also so
in Indian context they are also so better feeding in households better they
better feeding in households better they
better feeding in households better they got better nourished
got better nourished
got better nourished one indication of this is the weight of
one indication of this is the weight of
one indication of this is the weight of our girls compared to the age those were
our girls compared to the age those were
our girls compared to the age those were underweighted that declined there was it
underweighted that declined there was it
underweighted that declined there was it a double effect of this compared to the
a double effect of this compared to the
a double effect of this compared to the villages that didn’t receive basic
villages that didn’t receive basic
villages that didn’t receive basic income it was also the case that they
income it was also the case that they
income it was also the case that they didn’t work less they work more than so
didn’t work less they work more than so
didn’t work less they work more than so people are afraid that basic income
people are afraid that basic income
people are afraid that basic income should lead to lower work should look at
should lead to lower work should look at
should lead to lower work should look at somebody experiences where they’ve been
somebody experiences where they’ve been
somebody experiences where they’ve been tried out they look worked more and it
tried out they look worked more and it
tried out they look worked more and it worked smarter they each choose more the
worked smarter they each choose more the
worked smarter they each choose more the work they did because they were invested
work they did because they were invested
work they did because they were invested in they have insurance in it in a period
in they have insurance in it in a period
in they have insurance in it in a period between jobs so they can have a better
between jobs so they can have a better
between jobs so they can have a better job all in all and also gave poverty
job all in all and also gave poverty
job all in all and also gave poverty females in particular in the household
females in particular in the household
females in particular in the household because they got when you get individual
because they got when you get individual
because they got when you get individual money you get individual power and and
money you get individual power and and
money you get individual power and and you also got the bank account didn’t
you also got the bank account didn’t
you also got the bank account didn’t have that before you have to pay them
have that before you have to pay them
have that before you have to pay them into a bank account and that got more
into a bank account and that got more
into a bank account and that got more control outrageous so you think that
control outrageous so you think that
control outrageous so you think that there are so many good things about
there are so many good things about
there are so many good things about these things they are you having a basic
these things they are you having a basic
these things they are you having a basic income and in particularly if it is a
income and in particularly if it is a
income and in particularly if it is a universal basic shear because then you
universal basic shear because then you
universal basic shear because then you lift this floor that everybody stands on
lift this floor that everybody stands on
lift this floor that everybody stands on in tandem with the economic growth and
in tandem with the economic growth and
in tandem with the economic growth and performance of the rest of the economies
performance of the rest of the economies
performance of the rest of the economies you are not lagging behind when there is
you are not lagging behind when there is
you are not lagging behind when there is prosperity you get the share of the
prosperity you get the share of the
prosperity you get the share of the prosperity when there’s new machinery
prosperity when there’s new machinery
prosperity when there’s new machinery you get the press share of the benefits
you get the press share of the benefits
you get the press share of the benefits of the new machinery but it’s more
of the new machinery but it’s more
of the new machinery but it’s more globalization you get the benefits a
globalization you get the benefits a
globalization you get the benefits a share of the benefits of more
share of the benefits of more
share of the benefits of more globalization but people who say well
globalization but people who say well
globalization but people who say well isn’t this is fine if you can pay for it
isn’t this is fine if you can pay for it
isn’t this is fine if you can pay for it it’s nice but it’s too pricey for
it’s nice but it’s too pricey for
it’s nice but it’s too pricey for developing countries I will say the
developing countries I will say the
developing countries I will say the opposite you become rich by investing in
opposite you become rich by investing in
opposite you become rich by investing in these arrangements you don’t have to be
these arrangements you don’t have to be
these arrangements you don’t have to be rich in the foreign people say well but
rich in the foreign people say well but
rich in the foreign people say well but these countries are so corrupt
these countries are so corrupt
these countries are so corrupt there can be more or less true we can’t
there can be more or less true we can’t
there can be more or less true we can’t implement the scheme that is but notice
implement the scheme that is but notice
implement the scheme that is but notice this is a very transparent and simple
this is a very transparent and simple
this is a very transparent and simple scheme it’s ten percent
scheme it’s ten percent
scheme it’s ten percent easy to Shack you’re going to be a
easy to Shack you’re going to be a
easy to Shack you’re going to be a broadcast on television at this year’s
broadcast on television at this year’s
broadcast on television at this year’s bonus to everybody is so on so much and
bonus to everybody is so on so much and
bonus to everybody is so on so much and I can check whether they got it
I can check whether they got it
I can check whether they got it it’s very transparent and also if you
it’s very transparent and also if you
it’s very transparent and also if you fight corruption then you will benefit
fight corruption then you will benefit
fight corruption then you will benefit even more so you get the social interest
even more so you get the social interest
even more so you get the social interest in sort of organizing a protest against
in sort of organizing a protest against
in sort of organizing a protest against corruption and because you get pot or a
corruption and because you get pot or a
corruption and because you get pot or a benefit this is why we should stand on
benefit this is why we should stand on
benefit this is why we should stand on this platform to move further in many
this platform to move further in many
this platform to move further in many countries thank you
countries thank you
countries thank you [Applause]
”
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