[Music] the end of this talk I wanna convince
the end of this talk I wanna convince
the end of this talk I wanna convince all of you that aliens do exist and it’s
all of you that aliens do exist and it’s
all of you that aliens do exist and it’s only a matter of time before we find
only a matter of time before we find
only a matter of time before we find them but first we must understand just
them but first we must understand just
them but first we must understand just how large the universes why because of
how large the universes why because of
how large the universes why because of the near infinite scales of the universe
the near infinite scales of the universe
the near infinite scales of the universe aliens are almost guaranteed the
aliens are almost guaranteed the
aliens are almost guaranteed the universe is so large that there is true
universe is so large that there is true
universe is so large that there is true scale we can’t even begin to comprehend
scale we can’t even begin to comprehend
scale we can’t even begin to comprehend its size so I’m gonna change skills on
its size so I’m gonna change skills on
its size so I’m gonna change skills on the slide is a star the Sun it is so
the slide is a star the Sun it is so
the slide is a star the Sun it is so massive that you could fit a million
massive that you could fit a million
massive that you could fit a million earths into it now I’m going to compress
earths into it now I’m going to compress
earths into it now I’m going to compress the size of the Sun into this Janus ball
the size of the Sun into this Janus ball
the size of the Sun into this Janus ball how big would it have to be for a
how big would it have to be for a
how big would it have to be for a million of them to fit in this tennis
million of them to fit in this tennis
million of them to fit in this tennis ball the earth would be a grain of sand
ball the earth would be a grain of sand
ball the earth would be a grain of sand pause for a moment and picture that
pause for a moment and picture that
pause for a moment and picture that earth a mere grain of sand orbiting our
earth a mere grain of sand orbiting our
earth a mere grain of sand orbiting our Sun a tennis ball from 10 metres away
Sun a tennis ball from 10 metres away
Sun a tennis ball from 10 metres away being held by nothing but gravity if
being held by nothing but gravity if
being held by nothing but gravity if that doesn’t blow your mind I don’t know
that doesn’t blow your mind I don’t know
that doesn’t blow your mind I don’t know what will if we move a kilometer away
what will if we move a kilometer away
what will if we move a kilometer away from this tennis ball we will arrive at
from this tennis ball we will arrive at
from this tennis ball we will arrive at the agreed-upon edge of the solar system
the agreed-upon edge of the solar system
the agreed-upon edge of the solar system this is also where you’d find Voyager 1
this is also where you’d find Voyager 1
this is also where you’d find Voyager 1 now yj1
now yj1
now yj1 is the man-made object that is farthest
is the man-made object that is farthest
is the man-made object that is farthest from Earth at this scale a mere
from Earth at this scale a mere
from Earth at this scale a mere kilometer is the furthest human creation
kilometer is the furthest human creation
kilometer is the furthest human creation has ever been we still have a long way
has ever been we still have a long way
has ever been we still have a long way to go a next big landmark is Alpha
to go a next big landmark is Alpha
to go a next big landmark is Alpha Centauri the nearest visible star at
Centauri the nearest visible star at
Centauri the nearest visible star at this scale Alpha Centauri would be
this scale Alpha Centauri would be
this scale Alpha Centauri would be another tennis ball of whopping 2000
another tennis ball of whopping 2000
another tennis ball of whopping 2000 kilometers away here’s a map for
kilometers away here’s a map for
kilometers away here’s a map for reference with the circle of radius
reference with the circle of radius
reference with the circle of radius 2,000 kilometers
2,000 kilometers
2,000 kilometers sent it at this room humans going to
sent it at this room humans going to
sent it at this room humans going to Alpha Centauri would be like tiny people
Alpha Centauri would be like tiny people
Alpha Centauri would be like tiny people living on a grain of sand in this room
living on a grain of sand in this room
living on a grain of sand in this room going all the way to the edges of the
going all the way to the edges of the
going all the way to the edges of the circle it would be how hard would it be
circle it would be how hard would it be
circle it would be how hard would it be for those people to leave their grain of
for those people to leave their grain of
for those people to leave their grain of sand and leave this room and go all the
sand and leave this room and go all the
sand and leave this room and go all the way to China now you may think you’re
way to China now you may think you’re
way to China now you may think you’re begin to understand just how large the
begin to understand just how large the
begin to understand just how large the universe
universe
universe and just how hard it is to travel across
and just how hard it is to travel across
and just how hard it is to travel across it but we can get even bigger this is a
it but we can get even bigger this is a
it but we can get even bigger this is a galaxy the Milky Way it spans a hundred
galaxy the Milky Way it spans a hundred
galaxy the Milky Way it spans a hundred thousand light-years in diameter
thousand light-years in diameter
thousand light-years in diameter now if the term Lightyear confuse you
now if the term Lightyear confuse you
now if the term Lightyear confuse you don’t worry because when I first heard
don’t worry because when I first heard
don’t worry because when I first heard it I was confused to a Lightyear is not
it I was confused to a Lightyear is not
it I was confused to a Lightyear is not a unit of time but the unit of distance
a unit of time but the unit of distance
a unit of time but the unit of distance it’s the distance traveled by light the
it’s the distance traveled by light the
it’s the distance traveled by light the fastest thing there is is in an entire
fastest thing there is is in an entire
fastest thing there is is in an entire year
year
year it’s about nine trillion kilometers now
it’s about nine trillion kilometers now
it’s about nine trillion kilometers now if we wanted this picture to be at scale
if we wanted this picture to be at scale
if we wanted this picture to be at scale to a tennis ball son this picture would
to a tennis ball son this picture would
to a tennis ball son this picture would have to be 46 million kilometers while
have to be 46 million kilometers while
have to be 46 million kilometers while that is huge compared to how small this
that is huge compared to how small this
that is huge compared to how small this tennis ball is and in this huge circle
tennis ball is and in this huge circle
tennis ball is and in this huge circle there are over a trillion stars and our
there are over a trillion stars and our
there are over a trillion stars and our galaxy is just one of many in the
galaxy is just one of many in the
galaxy is just one of many in the observable universe
observable universe
observable universe what is the observable universe this is
what is the observable universe this is
what is the observable universe this is an artist’s representation of the
an artist’s representation of the
an artist’s representation of the observable universe it’s a solid bubble
observable universe it’s a solid bubble
observable universe it’s a solid bubble we cannot see beyond this bubble because
we cannot see beyond this bubble because
we cannot see beyond this bubble because there hasn’t been enough time since the
there hasn’t been enough time since the
there hasn’t been enough time since the beginning of the universe for light have
beginning of the universe for light have
beginning of the universe for light have reaches from out there now there is
reaches from out there now there is
reaches from out there now there is stuff beyond the observable universe but
stuff beyond the observable universe but
stuff beyond the observable universe but we just can’t see it now this bubble
we just can’t see it now this bubble
we just can’t see it now this bubble that spans 90 billion light-years in
that spans 90 billion light-years in
that spans 90 billion light-years in diameter that distance is so large that
diameter that distance is so large that
diameter that distance is so large that even if we were to compress it to this
even if we were to compress it to this
even if we were to compress it to this tennis ball scale would it be too large
tennis ball scale would it be too large
tennis ball scale would it be too large for us to think of but we can think
for us to think of but we can think
for us to think of but we can think about how many there are in the
about how many there are in the
about how many there are in the observable universe this is the Hubble
observable universe this is the Hubble
observable universe this is the Hubble Deep Field image now this is a patch of
Deep Field image now this is a patch of
Deep Field image now this is a patch of sky that you could cover with the nail
sky that you could cover with the nail
sky that you could cover with the nail of your pinky finger of an outstretched
of your pinky finger of an outstretched
of your pinky finger of an outstretched arm like this
arm like this
arm like this now that small patch of sky was observed
now that small patch of sky was observed
now that small patch of sky was observed by the Hubble Space Telescope for 11
by the Hubble Space Telescope for 11
by the Hubble Space Telescope for 11 days and it took 400 pictures of it this
days and it took 400 pictures of it this
days and it took 400 pictures of it this pictures the culmination of all of those
pictures the culmination of all of those
pictures the culmination of all of those pictures now the amazing thing about
pictures now the amazing thing about
pictures now the amazing thing about this picture is that except for two
this picture is that except for two
this picture is that except for two points of light every single point is an
points of light every single point is an
points of light every single point is an entire galaxy there are galaxies
entire galaxy there are galaxies
entire galaxy there are galaxies everywhere even the dark areas if we
everywhere even the dark areas if we
everywhere even the dark areas if we look hard enough
look hard enough
look hard enough we’ll see something like this and each
we’ll see something like this and each
we’ll see something like this and each of these galaxies have trillions of
of these galaxies have trillions of
of these galaxies have trillions of stars and scientists have just begun to
stars and scientists have just begun to
stars and scientists have just begun to find planets around these stars how so
find planets around these stars how so
find planets around these stars how so when a planet orbits a star the star
when a planet orbits a star the star
when a planet orbits a star the star wobbles in its place slightly now we can
wobbles in its place slightly now we can
wobbles in its place slightly now we can analyze this bauble by looking at its
analyze this bauble by looking at its
analyze this bauble by looking at its light now it’s light seems to be
light now it’s light seems to be
light now it’s light seems to be shifting to the right into the left
shifting to the right into the left
shifting to the right into the left periodically using this shift we can
periodically using this shift we can
periodically using this shift we can deduce that there must be a planet
deduce that there must be a planet
deduce that there must be a planet around the star and use using that we
around the star and use using that we
around the star and use using that we can find planets around other stars but
can find planets around other stars but
can find planets around other stars but the problem with this is that the planet
the problem with this is that the planet
the problem with this is that the planet must be huge like Jupiter if it’s small
must be huge like Jupiter if it’s small
must be huge like Jupiter if it’s small like the earth the wobbles wouldn’t be
like the earth the wobbles wouldn’t be
like the earth the wobbles wouldn’t be big enough for us to detect but when we
big enough for us to detect but when we
big enough for us to detect but when we are looking for life we’re looking for
are looking for life we’re looking for
are looking for life we’re looking for earth-like planets in a specific area
earth-like planets in a specific area
earth-like planets in a specific area around the star this area is called the
around the star this area is called the
around the star this area is called the habitable zone the habitable zone is the
habitable zone the habitable zone is the
habitable zone the habitable zone is the area around the star red is not too hot
area around the star red is not too hot
area around the star red is not too hot and not too cold but just right for the
and not too cold but just right for the
and not too cold but just right for the secret ingredient of life to form liquid
secret ingredient of life to form liquid
secret ingredient of life to form liquid water now everywhere we look on earth
water now everywhere we look on earth
water now everywhere we look on earth the one thing that is necessary for any
the one thing that is necessary for any
the one thing that is necessary for any life seems to be water so and due to
life seems to be water so and due to
life seems to be water so and due to what is unique properties we believe
what is unique properties we believe
what is unique properties we believe that water is essential for life
that water is essential for life
that water is essential for life everywhere so we’re looking for planets
everywhere so we’re looking for planets
everywhere so we’re looking for planets where water can form on the surface now
where water can form on the surface now
where water can form on the surface now to find these planets we have another
to find these planets we have another
to find these planets we have another method it’s called the transit method
method it’s called the transit method
method it’s called the transit method now as you can see on the slide when the
now as you can see on the slide when the
now as you can see on the slide when the planet passes in front of a star the
planet passes in front of a star the
planet passes in front of a star the brightness dips ever so slightly now we
brightness dips ever so slightly now we
brightness dips ever so slightly now we can analyze this dip in brightness and
can analyze this dip in brightness and
can analyze this dip in brightness and figure out how big the planet is and how
figure out how big the planet is and how
figure out how big the planet is and how far away from the star the planet is and
far away from the star the planet is and
far away from the star the planet is and this method is sensitive enough to find
this method is sensitive enough to find
this method is sensitive enough to find earth-like planets in the habitable zone
earth-like planets in the habitable zone
earth-like planets in the habitable zone the plan is just right for life as we
the plan is just right for life as we
the plan is just right for life as we know it but the thing is if the planet
know it but the thing is if the planet
know it but the thing is if the planet happens to be orbiting a bit too higher
happens to be orbiting a bit too higher
happens to be orbiting a bit too higher a bit too low from the star we will not
a bit too low from the star we will not
a bit too low from the star we will not detect this because it will because the
detect this because it will because the
detect this because it will because the brightness dip will not be seen so we
brightness dip will not be seen so we
brightness dip will not be seen so we missed most planets of interest with
missed most planets of interest with
missed most planets of interest with this method now although they we have so
this method now although they we have so
this method now although they we have so many limitations and with
many limitations and with
many limitations and with few decades of data we were able to find
few decades of data we were able to find
few decades of data we were able to find 3500 exoplanets planets around other
3500 exoplanets planets around other
3500 exoplanets planets around other stars now if we extrapolate this data to
stars now if we extrapolate this data to
stars now if we extrapolate this data to every single star in the universe we can
every single star in the universe we can
every single star in the universe we can deduce that almost every star has one if
deduce that almost every star has one if
deduce that almost every star has one if not more planets around it
not more planets around it
not more planets around it there are more planets than there are
there are more planets than there are
there are more planets than there are stars this allows for a vast arena
stars this allows for a vast arena
stars this allows for a vast arena worlds where life can potentially evolve
worlds where life can potentially evolve
worlds where life can potentially evolve into things we could never imagine now
into things we could never imagine now
into things we could never imagine now the thing about these methods is that
the thing about these methods is that
the thing about these methods is that they help us find planets where they
they help us find planets where they
they help us find planets where they could potentially be water which means
could potentially be water which means
could potentially be water which means that they could potentially be life on
that they could potentially be life on
that they could potentially be life on it but we still cannot detect life for
it but we still cannot detect life for
it but we still cannot detect life for certain around another planet there’s
certain around another planet there’s
certain around another planet there’s one proposed method for this it’s a take
one proposed method for this it’s a take
one proposed method for this it’s a take a picture of the atmosphere of the
a picture of the atmosphere of the
a picture of the atmosphere of the planet now if something strange is
planet now if something strange is
planet now if something strange is happening in the atmosphere that no
happening in the atmosphere that no
happening in the atmosphere that no physical and natural phenomena can
physical and natural phenomena can
physical and natural phenomena can explain a seeming violation of the laws
explain a seeming violation of the laws
explain a seeming violation of the laws of physics this is probably best
of physics this is probably best
of physics this is probably best explained by the existence of life on
explained by the existence of life on
explained by the existence of life on that planet now we cannot the problem
that planet now we cannot the problem
that planet now we cannot the problem with this is that we cannot take a
with this is that we cannot take a
with this is that we cannot take a picture of another planet atmosphere yet
picture of another planet atmosphere yet
picture of another planet atmosphere yet but we did this with earth this is a
but we did this with earth this is a
but we did this with earth this is a real picture of Earth taken from space
real picture of Earth taken from space
real picture of Earth taken from space by the Galileo spacecraft and using this
by the Galileo spacecraft and using this
by the Galileo spacecraft and using this picture and only this scientists were
picture and only this scientists were
picture and only this scientists were able to deduce that the earth is
able to deduce that the earth is
able to deduce that the earth is probably teeming with life now this may
probably teeming with life now this may
probably teeming with life now this may not seem like a big deal to all of you
not seem like a big deal to all of you
not seem like a big deal to all of you because when you walk outside and look
because when you walk outside and look
because when you walk outside and look there is life everywhere but the fact
there is life everywhere but the fact
there is life everywhere but the fact that we were able to do this with only
that we were able to do this with only
that we were able to do this with only one picture and no sample from the
one picture and no sample from the
one picture and no sample from the planet means that we can apply the same
planet means that we can apply the same
planet means that we can apply the same method to other planets and use that to
method to other planets and use that to
method to other planets and use that to detect life on them now
detect life on them now
detect life on them now as I said before the problem is that
as I said before the problem is that
as I said before the problem is that stars are usually a million times
stars are usually a million times
stars are usually a million times brighter than the planet so we cannot
brighter than the planet so we cannot
brighter than the planet so we cannot take a picture of another planet yet but
take a picture of another planet yet but
take a picture of another planet yet but there is one proposed method this is
there is one proposed method this is
there is one proposed method this is called the star shape this technology
called the star shape this technology
called the star shape this technology blocks out the light from the star but
blocks out the light from the star but
blocks out the light from the star but not the planet so we can take a picture
not the planet so we can take a picture
not the planet so we can take a picture of the planet without the glare from the
of the planet without the glare from the
of the planet without the glare from the star now this technology will be in the
star now this technology will be in the
star now this technology will be in the telescopes to follow Hubble in Kepler
telescopes to follow Hubble in Kepler
telescopes to follow Hubble in Kepler and when they are in space
and when they are in space
and when they are in space we will probably hear the first news of
we will probably hear the first news of
we will probably hear the first news of detection of life now this shouldn’t
detection of life now this shouldn’t
detection of life now this shouldn’t come as a surprise given the sheer
come as a surprise given the sheer
come as a surprise given the sheer number of planets out there and this
number of planets out there and this
number of planets out there and this life will probably be an intelligent
life will probably be an intelligent
life will probably be an intelligent life the kind of life that does not use
life the kind of life that does not use
life the kind of life that does not use technology but simply survives on the
technology but simply survives on the
technology but simply survives on the surface but in this talk we’re
surface but in this talk we’re
surface but in this talk we’re interested in the kind of life we could
interested in the kind of life we could
interested in the kind of life we could communicate with intelligent life now in
communicate with intelligent life now in
communicate with intelligent life now in theory intelligent life should be much
theory intelligent life should be much
theory intelligent life should be much easier to detect because they would be
easier to detect because they would be
easier to detect because they would be broadcasting some sort of signal of
broadcasting some sort of signal of
broadcasting some sort of signal of their existence but the problem is
their existence but the problem is
their existence but the problem is intelligent life is also much rarer to
intelligent life is also much rarer to
intelligent life is also much rarer to find how much rarer is it we don’t know
find how much rarer is it we don’t know
find how much rarer is it we don’t know the problem is we only have one form of
the problem is we only have one form of
the problem is we only have one form of life to work with earth life and we do
life to work with earth life and we do
life to work with earth life and we do not have enough data to understand how
not have enough data to understand how
not have enough data to understand how intelligence itself grows fundamentally
intelligence itself grows fundamentally
intelligence itself grows fundamentally so this is why finding life around
so this is why finding life around
so this is why finding life around another planet even if it’s
another planet even if it’s
another planet even if it’s unintelligent is so important because we
unintelligent is so important because we
unintelligent is so important because we could learn something fundamental of
could learn something fundamental of
could learn something fundamental of life about life that we could not have
life about life that we could not have
life about life that we could not have from Earth life and using this we could
from Earth life and using this we could
from Earth life and using this we could come up with better methods to find
come up with better methods to find
come up with better methods to find intelligent life now the astronomer
intelligent life now the astronomer
intelligent life now the astronomer Frank Drake came up with an equation for
Frank Drake came up with an equation for
Frank Drake came up with an equation for the number of alien civilizations there
the number of alien civilizations there
the number of alien civilizations there should be in a given area of space this
should be in a given area of space this
should be in a given area of space this is the Drake Equation now although it
is the Drake Equation now although it
is the Drake Equation now although it looks complicated don’t worry you don’t
looks complicated don’t worry you don’t
looks complicated don’t worry you don’t have to understand it to follow the talk
have to understand it to follow the talk
have to understand it to follow the talk you all you have to know is that
you all you have to know is that
you all you have to know is that scientists don’t know the values of all
scientists don’t know the values of all
scientists don’t know the values of all of these variables they make guesses for
of these variables they make guesses for
of these variables they make guesses for the possible ranges for these values now
the possible ranges for these values now
the possible ranges for these values now even in the most pessimistic case where
even in the most pessimistic case where
even in the most pessimistic case where life evolves into intelligence only one
life evolves into intelligence only one
life evolves into intelligence only one in a million times there should be over
in a million times there should be over
in a million times there should be over 300,000 alien civilizations in our
300,000 alien civilizations in our
300,000 alien civilizations in our galaxy alone but when we go to the
galaxy alone but when we go to the
galaxy alone but when we go to the countryside and look up at the stars we
countryside and look up at the stars we
countryside and look up at the stars we see no signs of intelligence no
see no signs of intelligence no
see no signs of intelligence no intergalactic was no empires trying to
intergalactic was no empires trying to
intergalactic was no empires trying to destroy the earth because when they
destroy the earth because when they
destroy the earth because when they burned aware of their highway and most
burned aware of their highway and most
burned aware of their highway and most importantly knowing I need no sign of
importantly knowing I need no sign of
importantly knowing I need no sign of interstellar signals now although we are
interstellar signals now although we are
interstellar signals now although we are pretty stupid we seem to be the only
pretty stupid we seem to be the only
pretty stupid we seem to be the only sign of in
sign of in
sign of in since there is in the universe where are
since there is in the universe where are
since there is in the universe where are the aliens a science says there should
the aliens a science says there should
the aliens a science says there should be everywhere but they aren’t this is a
be everywhere but they aren’t this is a
be everywhere but they aren’t this is a great problem in the search for life and
great problem in the search for life and
great problem in the search for life and it is so important it even has a name
it is so important it even has a name
it is so important it even has a name it’s called the Fermi question now there
it’s called the Fermi question now there
it’s called the Fermi question now there are many possible explanations to this
are many possible explanations to this
are many possible explanations to this apparent lack of life from intergalactic
apparent lack of life from intergalactic
apparent lack of life from intergalactic conspiracies to empires ruling the
conspiracies to empires ruling the
conspiracies to empires ruling the galaxy in hiding destroying any
galaxy in hiding destroying any
galaxy in hiding destroying any civilization that comes in their way but
civilization that comes in their way but
civilization that comes in their way but I’m going to talk about the few most
I’m going to talk about the few most
I’m going to talk about the few most probable explanations to this we started
probable explanations to this we started
probable explanations to this we started communicating at the fastest speed
communicating at the fastest speed
communicating at the fastest speed allowed by physics the speed of light
allowed by physics the speed of light
allowed by physics the speed of light about a century ago when we first
about a century ago when we first
about a century ago when we first discovered radio waves this is when we
discovered radio waves this is when we
discovered radio waves this is when we were broadcasting signals of our
were broadcasting signals of our
were broadcasting signals of our existence into space at the speed of
existence into space at the speed of
existence into space at the speed of light a mere 50 years later we detonated
light a mere 50 years later we detonated
light a mere 50 years later we detonated our first nuclear bomb for the first
our first nuclear bomb for the first
our first nuclear bomb for the first time in human history we had the ability
time in human history we had the ability
time in human history we had the ability to destroy every last one of us now the
to destroy every last one of us now the
to destroy every last one of us now the first explanation to the Fermi question
first explanation to the Fermi question
first explanation to the Fermi question goes something like this every time an
goes something like this every time an
goes something like this every time an intelligent civilization arises it will
intelligent civilization arises it will
intelligent civilization arises it will destroy itself faster than it can move
destroy itself faster than it can move
destroy itself faster than it can move out of its planet and communicate its
out of its planet and communicate its
out of its planet and communicate its existence
existence
existence now the second explanation is that
now the second explanation is that
now the second explanation is that aliens are probably far more advanced in
aliens are probably far more advanced in
aliens are probably far more advanced in us and have come up with technologies
us and have come up with technologies
us and have come up with technologies and discovered physics we haven’t yet so
and discovered physics we haven’t yet so
and discovered physics we haven’t yet so even if they’re communicating in signals
even if they’re communicating in signals
even if they’re communicating in signals using that physics even if they’re
using that physics even if they’re
using that physics even if they’re passing earth every single day we would
passing earth every single day we would
passing earth every single day we would not detect them because we don’t know
not detect them because we don’t know
not detect them because we don’t know they exist but my favorite explanation
they exist but my favorite explanation
they exist but my favorite explanation is the limitation in space and time now
is the limitation in space and time now
is the limitation in space and time now the universe is very large and time is
the universe is very large and time is
the universe is very large and time is very long but there hasn’t been enough
very long but there hasn’t been enough
very long but there hasn’t been enough time since the potential existence of
time since the potential existence of
time since the potential existence of life for any signal to have reached us
life for any signal to have reached us
life for any signal to have reached us yet this is best demonstrated by our own
yet this is best demonstrated by our own
yet this is best demonstrated by our own signals that tiny yellow dot which is
signals that tiny yellow dot which is
signals that tiny yellow dot which is magnified in that rectangle is our radio
magnified in that rectangle is our radio
magnified in that rectangle is our radio bubble this is how far her radio waves
bubble this is how far her radio waves
bubble this is how far her radio waves have traveled into space this is the
have traveled into space this is the
have traveled into space this is the extent of human influence beyond that
extent of human influence beyond that
extent of human influence beyond that bubble any alien civilization would not
bubble any alien civilization would not
bubble any alien civilization would not know we exist
know we exist
know we exist as you can see we have
as you can see we have
as you can see we have even began to reach the ends of the
even began to reach the ends of the
even began to reach the ends of the galaxy forget the universe this could be
galaxy forget the universe this could be
galaxy forget the universe this could be the case with other alien civilizations
the case with other alien civilizations
the case with other alien civilizations living in their own tiny radiobubble
living in their own tiny radiobubble
living in their own tiny radiobubble scattered across the galaxy and it could
scattered across the galaxy and it could
scattered across the galaxy and it could take centuries if not millennia before
take centuries if not millennia before
take centuries if not millennia before we hear the first signal from aliens now
we hear the first signal from aliens now
we hear the first signal from aliens now whatever the reason for this lack of
whatever the reason for this lack of
whatever the reason for this lack of aliens were still very hopeful of
aliens were still very hopeful of
aliens were still very hopeful of finding them we even have an
finding them we even have an
finding them we even have an organization called SETI the search for
organization called SETI the search for
organization called SETI the search for extraterrestrial intelligence now these
extraterrestrial intelligence now these
extraterrestrial intelligence now these people use large arrays of very powerful
people use large arrays of very powerful
people use large arrays of very powerful radio telescopes to gather petabytes of
radio telescopes to gather petabytes of
radio telescopes to gather petabytes of data and search for any signal that
data and search for any signal that
data and search for any signal that could potentially be from aliens yes you
could potentially be from aliens yes you
could potentially be from aliens yes you heard me right people work full-time
heard me right people work full-time
heard me right people work full-time jobs in search for aliens are they crazy
jobs in search for aliens are they crazy
jobs in search for aliens are they crazy no the odds of finding aliens seem to be
no the odds of finding aliens seem to be
no the odds of finding aliens seem to be so high that we’d be crazy not to try
so high that we’d be crazy not to try
so high that we’d be crazy not to try the annual budget of SETI and NASA
the annual budget of SETI and NASA
the annual budget of SETI and NASA combined in the alien searches is
combined in the alien searches is
combined in the alien searches is slightly over a billion dollars this is
slightly over a billion dollars this is
slightly over a billion dollars this is nothing compared to what he spend on
nothing compared to what he spend on
nothing compared to what he spend on other things such as the military and
other things such as the military and
other things such as the military and what we could potentially learn from a
what we could potentially learn from a
what we could potentially learn from a detection of aliens a science could be
detection of aliens a science could be
detection of aliens a science could be potentially ever advanced by a few
potentially ever advanced by a few
potentially ever advanced by a few millennia imagine going back to the time
millennia imagine going back to the time
millennia imagine going back to the time of the Romans and handing them the
of the Romans and handing them the
of the Romans and handing them the smartphone how much more how much more
smartphone how much more how much more
smartphone how much more how much more would they have benefited from this now
would they have benefited from this now
would they have benefited from this now even not finding life would mean a great
even not finding life would mean a great
even not finding life would mean a great deal for science because if we didn’t
deal for science because if we didn’t
deal for science because if we didn’t find life anywhere outside of it it
find life anywhere outside of it it
find life anywhere outside of it it would mean that there’s something
would mean that there’s something
would mean that there’s something special about Earth that allows life to
special about Earth that allows life to
special about Earth that allows life to form that is nowhere else in the
form that is nowhere else in the
form that is nowhere else in the universe if you figure out what that is
universe if you figure out what that is
universe if you figure out what that is we would learn something fundamental
we would learn something fundamental
we would learn something fundamental about the origin of life which would
about the origin of life which would
about the origin of life which would revolutionize biology and even medicine
revolutionize biology and even medicine
revolutionize biology and even medicine now perhaps the most important reason to
now perhaps the most important reason to
now perhaps the most important reason to look is their inherent curiosity to know
look is their inherent curiosity to know
look is their inherent curiosity to know more
more
more we cannot quench our thirst for
we cannot quench our thirst for
we cannot quench our thirst for knowledge especially when we are this
knowledge especially when we are this
knowledge especially when we are this close to knowing with that I’d like to
close to knowing with that I’d like to
close to knowing with that I’d like to leave you with this picture
leave you with this picture
leave you with this picture it was taken by Voyager 125 years ago
it was taken by Voyager 125 years ago
it was taken by Voyager 125 years ago when Voyager 1 first looked back at
when Voyager 1 first looked back at
when Voyager 1 first looked back at Earth for one last time and took this
Earth for one last time and took this
Earth for one last time and took this picture that tiny dot is how our planet
picture that tiny dot is how our planet
picture that tiny dot is how our planet looks out from there now Carl Sagan the
looks out from there now Carl Sagan the
looks out from there now Carl Sagan the astronomer
astronomer
astronomer thing very profound about this and I
thing very profound about this and I
thing very profound about this and I could look again at that dot that’s here
could look again at that dot that’s here
could look again at that dot that’s here that’s home that’s us on it everyone you
that’s home that’s us on it everyone you
that’s home that’s us on it everyone you love everyone you know everyone you’ve
love everyone you know everyone you’ve
love everyone you know everyone you’ve ever heard of every human being who ever
ever heard of every human being who ever
ever heard of every human being who ever was and lived out their lives the
was and lived out their lives the
was and lived out their lives the aggregate of our joy and suffering
aggregate of our joy and suffering
aggregate of our joy and suffering thousands of confident religions
thousands of confident religions
thousands of confident religions ideologies and economic doctrines every
ideologies and economic doctrines every
ideologies and economic doctrines every hero and cupboard every King and peasant
hero and cupboard every King and peasant
hero and cupboard every King and peasant every creator and destroyer of
every creator and destroyer of
every creator and destroyer of civilization every superstar including
civilization every superstar including
civilization every superstar including Rajnikant every Supreme Leader every
Rajnikant every Supreme Leader every
Rajnikant every Supreme Leader every saint and sinner in the history of our
saint and sinner in the history of our
saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there on a mote of dust
species lived there on a mote of dust
species lived there on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam ladies and
suspended in a sunbeam ladies and
suspended in a sunbeam ladies and gentlemen tonight after the Sun sets I
gentlemen tonight after the Sun sets I
gentlemen tonight after the Sun sets I ask you to walk outside and look up even
ask you to walk outside and look up even
ask you to walk outside and look up even if you can’t see them
if you can’t see them
if you can’t see them think about the trillions of stars out
think about the trillions of stars out
think about the trillions of stars out there many orbited by motes of dust just
there many orbited by motes of dust just
there many orbited by motes of dust just like our own each with their own
like our own each with their own
like our own each with their own histories ideologies and discoveries the
histories ideologies and discoveries the
histories ideologies and discoveries the universe is filled with stories to tell
universe is filled with stories to tell
universe is filled with stories to tell and all we have to do is listen thank
and all we have to do is listen thank
and all we have to do is listen thank you
you
you [Applause]
”
Be First to Comment