[Music] [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music]
[Music] I’m gonna read you a couple of
I’m gonna read you a couple of
I’m gonna read you a couple of statements and I want you to tell me how
statements and I want you to tell me how
statements and I want you to tell me how well each one describes you through a
well each one describes you through a
well each one describes you through a show of fingers show of fingers yes a
show of fingers show of fingers yes a
show of fingers show of fingers yes a show of fingers if it doesn’t describe
show of fingers if it doesn’t describe
show of fingers if it doesn’t describe you at all hold up one finger if it fits
you at all hold up one finger if it fits
you at all hold up one finger if it fits you to a tee hold up five somewhere in
you to a tee hold up five somewhere in
you to a tee hold up five somewhere in between two three or four got it all
between two three or four got it all
between two three or four got it all right let’s try I often have tender
right let’s try I often have tender
right let’s try I often have tender concerned feelings for people less
concerned feelings for people less
concerned feelings for people less fortunate than me how well does that
fortunate than me how well does that
fortunate than me how well does that describe you all right let’s try again I
describe you all right let’s try again I
describe you all right let’s try again I tried to look at everyone’s side of a
tried to look at everyone’s side of a
tried to look at everyone’s side of a disagreement before I make a decision
disagreement before I make a decision
disagreement before I make a decision how about that one Wow impressive
how about that one Wow impressive
how about that one Wow impressive the more you agree with statements like
the more you agree with statements like
the more you agree with statements like these the more you experience empathy a
these the more you experience empathy a
these the more you experience empathy a simple word for a complex idea think
simple word for a complex idea think
simple word for a complex idea think back to the last time that a friend of
back to the last time that a friend of
back to the last time that a friend of yours was upset
yours was upset
yours was upset maybe you got his emotion and became
maybe you got his emotion and became
maybe you got his emotion and became upset too but maybe you also tried to
upset too but maybe you also tried to
upset too but maybe you also tried to piece together what it is he felt and
piece together what it is he felt and
piece together what it is he felt and why empathy comprises both of these
why empathy comprises both of these
why empathy comprises both of these abilities to share and also to
abilities to share and also to
abilities to share and also to understand what other people are going
understand what other people are going
understand what other people are going through the empathy in this room very
through the empathy in this room very
through the empathy in this room very high maybe not surprisingly and people’s
high maybe not surprisingly and people’s
high maybe not surprisingly and people’s collective empathy is like the human
collective empathy is like the human
collective empathy is like the human equivalent of a natural resource it’s a
equivalent of a natural resource it’s a
equivalent of a natural resource it’s a precious one empathic people benefit in
precious one empathic people benefit in
precious one empathic people benefit in all sorts of ways they are happier and
all sorts of ways they are happier and
all sorts of ways they are happier and attract friends more easily than their
attract friends more easily than their
attract friends more easily than their less empathic peers they excel at work
less empathic peers they excel at work
less empathic peers they excel at work especially if their work involves people
especially if their work involves people
especially if their work involves people like sales or management empathise
like sales or management empathise
like sales or management empathise benefits ripple outward to patients of
benefits ripple outward to patients of
benefits ripple outward to patients of empathic doctors report less depression
empathic doctors report less depression
empathic doctors report less depression employees of empathic managers are less
employees of empathic managers are less
employees of empathic managers are less stressed and empathic people’s romantic
stressed and empathic people’s romantic
stressed and empathic people’s romantic partners are more satisfied in their
partners are more satisfied in their
partners are more satisfied in their relationships but the news is not all
relationships but the news is not all
relationships but the news is not all good for one our collective empathy is
good for one our collective empathy is
good for one our collective empathy is eroding over time take the questions
eroding over time take the questions
eroding over time take the questions like the one I just asked you people
like the one I just asked you people
like the one I just asked you people have been answering questions like these
have been answering questions like these
have been answering questions like these for decades
for decades
for decades allowing psychologists to map our
allowing psychologists to map our
allowing psychologists to map our collective empathy over time here’s the
collective empathy over time here’s the
collective empathy over time here’s the average empathy score in 1979 and
average empathy score in 1979 and
average empathy score in 1979 and thirty years later in that time empathy
thirty years later in that time empathy
thirty years later in that time empathy had decreased so much that the average
had decreased so much that the average
had decreased so much that the average person was less empathic than
person was less empathic than
person was less empathic than three-quarters of people thirty years
three-quarters of people thirty years
three-quarters of people thirty years before and even people who try to be
before and even people who try to be
before and even people who try to be generally empathic can find it difficult
generally empathic can find it difficult
generally empathic can find it difficult in some circumstances think back to a
in some circumstances think back to a
in some circumstances think back to a conflict that you had with someone in
conflict that you had with someone in
conflict that you had with someone in the last month or week or day many of
the last month or week or day many of
the last month or week or day many of you told me just now that you’re
you told me just now that you’re
you told me just now that you’re extremely impactful
empathy becomes too hard and we abandon
empathy becomes too hard and we abandon it altogether right now
it altogether right now
it altogether right now politics is America’s empathic black
politics is America’s empathic black
politics is America’s empathic black hole we’ve retreated into ideological
hole we’ve retreated into ideological
hole we’ve retreated into ideological silos tuning out people who we disagree
silos tuning out people who we disagree
silos tuning out people who we disagree with or even worse savoring their pain
with or even worse savoring their pain
with or even worse savoring their pain this is a fractured time compassion
this is a fractured time compassion
this is a fractured time compassion feels endangered being a psychologist
feels endangered being a psychologist
feels endangered being a psychologist studying empathy today is a little bit
studying empathy today is a little bit
studying empathy today is a little bit like being a climatologist studying the
like being a climatologist studying the
like being a climatologist studying the polar icecaps we discover the value of
polar icecaps we discover the value of
polar icecaps we discover the value of something just as it disappears all
something just as it disappears all
something just as it disappears all around us does it have to be this way
around us does it have to be this way
around us does it have to be this way that depends on how you think empathy
that depends on how you think empathy
that depends on how you think empathy works for centuries philosophers and
works for centuries philosophers and
works for centuries philosophers and scientists have told us it’s a trait
scientists have told us it’s a trait
scientists have told us it’s a trait inherited through our genes hardwired
inherited through our genes hardwired
inherited through our genes hardwired into our brain saying that you either
into our brain saying that you either
into our brain saying that you either have or don’t have I call this the
have or don’t have I call this the
have or don’t have I call this the Roddenberry hypothesis because Gene
Roddenberry hypothesis because Gene
Roddenberry hypothesis because Gene Roddenberry enshrined it into the
Roddenberry enshrined it into the
Roddenberry enshrined it into the characters of the greatest television
characters of the greatest television
characters of the greatest television show of all time Star Trek The Next
show of all time Star Trek The Next
show of all time Star Trek The Next Generation no that is not up for debate
Generation no that is not up for debate
Generation no that is not up for debate thank you I’m glad to have so many
thank you I’m glad to have so many
thank you I’m glad to have so many fellow Trekkies here on one side we have
fellow Trekkies here on one side we have
fellow Trekkies here on one side we have the USS enterprises ships counselor
the USS enterprises ships counselor
the USS enterprises ships counselor Deanna Troi
Deanna Troi
Deanna Troi no one’s throughout the galaxy for her
no one’s throughout the galaxy for her
no one’s throughout the galaxy for her empathy she catches other people’s
empathy she catches other people’s
empathy she catches other people’s feelings and can read their mind on the
feelings and can read their mind on the
feelings and can read their mind on the other side we have the Android data who
other side we have the Android data who
other side we have the Android data who doesn’t feel emotions himself and can’t
doesn’t feel emotions himself and can’t
doesn’t feel emotions himself and can’t tell what other people are feeling
tell what other people are feeling
tell what other people are feeling either according to conventional wisdom
either according to conventional wisdom
either according to conventional wisdom each of us has a level of empathy
each of us has a level of empathy
each of us has a level of empathy somewhere between these two and like our
somewhere between these two and like our
somewhere between these two and like our adult height we’re stuck there for life
adult height we’re stuck there for life
adult height we’re stuck there for life so that means if empathy is too hard
so that means if empathy is too hard
so that means if empathy is too hard you there’s nothing you can do to
you there’s nothing you can do to
you there’s nothing you can do to overcome your limits and if our
overcome your limits and if our
overcome your limits and if our collective empathy is dwindling we can’t
collective empathy is dwindling we can’t
collective empathy is dwindling we can’t do anything about that either this is
do anything about that either this is
do anything about that either this is all pretty fatalistic thankfully it’s
all pretty fatalistic thankfully it’s
all pretty fatalistic thankfully it’s also wrong I want to tell you about a
also wrong I want to tell you about a
also wrong I want to tell you about a new view of empathy that for me is
new view of empathy that for me is
new view of empathy that for me is actually not new at all in fact it
actually not new at all in fact it
actually not new at all in fact it defined much of my childhood in 1972
defined much of my childhood in 1972
defined much of my childhood in 1972 Washington State University offered
Washington State University offered
Washington State University offered scholarships to students from the
scholarships to students from the
scholarships to students from the world’s poorest nations my mom got the
world’s poorest nations my mom got the
world’s poorest nations my mom got the one from Peru and my dad the one from
one from Peru and my dad the one from
one from Peru and my dad the one from Pakistan they traveled from Lima and
Pakistan they traveled from Lima and
Pakistan they traveled from Lima and Lahore each city bigger than New York to
Lahore each city bigger than New York to
Lahore each city bigger than New York to the sleepy town of Pullman where they
the sleepy town of Pullman where they
the sleepy town of Pullman where they fell in love
fell in love
fell in love looking very 70s in the process I might
looking very 70s in the process I might
looking very 70s in the process I might say for them though it was not meant to
say for them though it was not meant to
say for them though it was not meant to be the biggest thing that my parents had
be the biggest thing that my parents had
be the biggest thing that my parents had in common was their foreignness to the
in common was their foreignness to the
in common was their foreignness to the US and as they grew more comfortable in
US and as they grew more comfortable in
US and as they grew more comfortable in their new home they grew less
their new home they grew less
their new home they grew less comfortable with each other they
comfortable with each other they
comfortable with each other they realized that their personalities were
realized that their personalities were
realized that their personalities were as far apart of their hometowns
as far apart of their hometowns
as far apart of their hometowns they began divorcing when I was six but
they began divorcing when I was six but
they began divorcing when I was six but didn’t finish until I was ten for years
didn’t finish until I was ten for years
didn’t finish until I was ten for years I was shuttled back and forth between
I was shuttled back and forth between
I was shuttled back and forth between their houses but I might as well have
their houses but I might as well have
their houses but I might as well have been zipping between distant worlds my
been zipping between distant worlds my
been zipping between distant worlds my mom is quintessentially Peruvian full of
mom is quintessentially Peruvian full of
mom is quintessentially Peruvian full of warmth and nerves she values family
warmth and nerves she values family
warmth and nerves she values family above all else my dad prizes intellects
above all else my dad prizes intellects
above all else my dad prizes intellects and ambition where he came from the
and ambition where he came from the
and ambition where he came from the student who scored highest on an exam
student who scored highest on an exam
student who scored highest on an exam would end up in college and the students
would end up in college and the students
would end up in college and the students scored second-highest would end up on
scored second-highest would end up on
scored second-highest would end up on the streets I’m an only child and I was
the streets I’m an only child and I was
the streets I’m an only child and I was the only bridge between their worlds
the only bridge between their worlds
the only bridge between their worlds when I was with my mom I had to learn
when I was with my mom I had to learn
when I was with my mom I had to learn the rules that governed her heart and
the rules that governed her heart and
the rules that governed her heart and mind and make them true for myself but
mind and make them true for myself but
mind and make them true for myself but when I reached the my dad those rules
when I reached the my dad those rules
when I reached the my dad those rules didn’t apply anymore and I had to
didn’t apply anymore and I had to
didn’t apply anymore and I had to recalibrate he’s very different reality
recalibrate he’s very different reality
recalibrate he’s very different reality this was hard emotional labor for a
this was hard emotional labor for a
this was hard emotional labor for a six-year-old and sometimes it felt like
six-year-old and sometimes it felt like
six-year-old and sometimes it felt like I’d give up and I’d have to choose
I’d give up and I’d have to choose
I’d give up and I’d have to choose between my mom or my dad but I knew that
between my mom or my dad but I knew that
between my mom or my dad but I knew that for the sake of all of us I had to keep
for the sake of all of us I had to keep
for the sake of all of us I had to keep trying and eventually it got easier
trying and eventually it got easier
trying and eventually it got easier I learned to tune myself to their
I learned to tune myself to their
I learned to tune myself to their different emotional frequencies and that
different emotional frequencies and that
different emotional frequencies and that allowed me to maintain a strong bond
allowed me to maintain a strong bond
allowed me to maintain a strong bond with each of
with each of
with each of even if their connection to each other
even if their connection to each other
even if their connection to each other disintegrated empathy saved me but not
disintegrated empathy saved me but not
disintegrated empathy saved me but not because it came easily my parents
because it came easily my parents
because it came easily my parents divorce was like an empathy gym for me
divorce was like an empathy gym for me
divorce was like an empathy gym for me forcing me to work at care and
forcing me to work at care and
forcing me to work at care and understanding and that experience of
understanding and that experience of
understanding and that experience of stretching myself and the benefits that
stretching myself and the benefits that
stretching myself and the benefits that it caused is part of why I study what I
it caused is part of why I study what I
it caused is part of why I study what I do in the first place over the years I
do in the first place over the years I
do in the first place over the years I found lots of evidence that contradicts
found lots of evidence that contradicts
found lots of evidence that contradicts standard wisdom but jives with my own
standard wisdom but jives with my own
standard wisdom but jives with my own experience it turns out that empathy
experience it turns out that empathy
experience it turns out that empathy isn’t really that much of a trade at all
isn’t really that much of a trade at all
isn’t really that much of a trade at all it’s more like a skill we’re not stuck
it’s more like a skill we’re not stuck
it’s more like a skill we’re not stuck at one level of empathy throughout our
at one level of empathy throughout our
at one level of empathy throughout our lives certain experiences like a hateful
lives certain experiences like a hateful
lives certain experiences like a hateful political climate can atrophy it others
political climate can atrophy it others
political climate can atrophy it others like having to manage two very different
like having to manage two very different
like having to manage two very different parents can grow it and we can grow our
parents can grow it and we can grow our
parents can grow it and we can grow our empathy on purpose through practice you
empathy on purpose through practice you
empathy on purpose through practice you make choices about whether to practice
make choices about whether to practice
make choices about whether to practice empathy or not all the time will you
empathy or not all the time will you
empathy or not all the time will you cross the street to avoid a homeless
cross the street to avoid a homeless
cross the street to avoid a homeless person or pay attention to their pain
person or pay attention to their pain
person or pay attention to their pain will you dismiss someone who disagrees
will you dismiss someone who disagrees
will you dismiss someone who disagrees with you or try to figure out why they
with you or try to figure out why they
with you or try to figure out why they feel the way they do
feel the way they do
feel the way they do when we practice engaging over and over
when we practice engaging over and over
when we practice engaging over and over again we build an empathy that is deeper
again we build an empathy that is deeper
again we build an empathy that is deeper broader and more muscular there’s all
broader and more muscular there’s all
broader and more muscular there’s all sorts of examples of this but I’ll just
sorts of examples of this but I’ll just
sorts of examples of this but I’ll just give you two the first pertains to the
give you two the first pertains to the
give you two the first pertains to the question that I get asked most of all
question that I get asked most of all
question that I get asked most of all which is are women more empathic than
which is are women more empathic than
which is are women more empathic than men it certainly seems that way
men it certainly seems that way
men it certainly seems that way sometimes maybe we have stories and
sometimes maybe we have stories and
sometimes maybe we have stories and there are cases where women outperform
there are cases where women outperform
there are cases where women outperform men for instance in tests where they’re
men for instance in tests where they’re
men for instance in tests where they’re supposed to guess what other people feel
supposed to guess what other people feel
supposed to guess what other people feel if empathy is a trait then men just
if empathy is a trait then men just
if empathy is a trait then men just might be all thumbs when it comes to
might be all thumbs when it comes to
might be all thumbs when it comes to emotion we might be forever stuck in a
emotion we might be forever stuck in a
emotion we might be forever stuck in a Venus Mars problem but if empathy is a
Venus Mars problem but if empathy is a
Venus Mars problem but if empathy is a skill then maybe these differences are
skill then maybe these differences are
skill then maybe these differences are circumstantial to psychologists put this
circumstantial to psychologists put this
circumstantial to psychologists put this to the test in a classic study they
to the test in a classic study they
to the test in a classic study they first found as others had that women
first found as others had that women
first found as others had that women outperform men on an emotion
outperform men on an emotion
outperform men on an emotion understanding task but then they told
understanding task but then they told
understanding task but then they told both men and women guess what we’ll pay
both men and women guess what we’ll pay
both men and women guess what we’ll pay you for being accurate about what other
you for being accurate about what other
you for being accurate about what other people feel
people feel
people feel you might guess what’s coming next but
you might guess what’s coming next but
you might guess what’s coming next but this completely eliminated the gender
this completely eliminated the gender
this completely eliminated the gender gap in empathy so it turns out we’re not
gap in empathy so it turns out we’re not
gap in empathy so it turns out we’re not totally hopeless if we have reason to
totally hopeless if we have reason to
totally hopeless if we have reason to practice empathy we do and we get better
practice empathy we do and we get better
practice empathy we do and we get better in the process I think we can all
in the process I think we can all
in the process I think we can all practice empathy ironically though
practice empathy ironically though
practice empathy ironically though simply believing that it’s a trait can
simply believing that it’s a trait can
simply believing that it’s a trait can get in our way
get in our way
get in our way decades of evidence demonstrate that
decades of evidence demonstrate that
decades of evidence demonstrate that when people think they can’t change
when people think they can’t change
when people think they can’t change something about themselves
something about themselves
something about themselves like how smart or open-minded they are
like how smart or open-minded they are
like how smart or open-minded they are they shy away from challenges when they
they shy away from challenges when they
they shy away from challenges when they think they can grow they open up instead
think they can grow they open up instead
think they can grow they open up instead recently my colleagues and I tested
recently my colleagues and I tested
recently my colleagues and I tested whether this was true of empathy as well
whether this was true of empathy as well
whether this was true of empathy as well we had people read articles suggesting
we had people read articles suggesting
we had people read articles suggesting either that empathy was a trait which is
either that empathy was a trait which is
either that empathy was a trait which is pretty stable over time or that it was a
pretty stable over time or that it was a
pretty stable over time or that it was a skill which is changeable and can be
skill which is changeable and can be
skill which is changeable and can be developed
developed
developed then we ran them through an empathy
then we ran them through an empathy
then we ran them through an empathy obstacle course full of situations that
obstacle course full of situations that
obstacle course full of situations that make caring tough over and over we found
make caring tough over and over we found
make caring tough over and over we found that when people believed that empathy
that when people believed that empathy
that when people believed that empathy was a skill they worked harder at it
was a skill they worked harder at it
was a skill they worked harder at it they spent more time listening to the
they spent more time listening to the
they spent more time listening to the struggles of someone of a different race
struggles of someone of a different race
struggles of someone of a different race they spent more energy trying to
they spent more energy trying to
they spent more energy trying to understand the perspective of political
understand the perspective of political
understand the perspective of political outsiders when we empowered them they
outsiders when we empowered them they
outsiders when we empowered them they stretched their empathy past it’s
stretched their empathy past it’s
stretched their empathy past it’s typical boundaries as a kid I was lucky
typical boundaries as a kid I was lucky
typical boundaries as a kid I was lucky to have an empathy Jim now my lab
to have an empathy Jim now my lab
to have an empathy Jim now my lab provides that opportunity for other
provides that opportunity for other
provides that opportunity for other people we’ve worked with hundreds of
people we’ve worked with hundreds of
people we’ve worked with hundreds of college freshmen and thousands of middle
college freshmen and thousands of middle
college freshmen and thousands of middle schoolers throughout the Bay Area we
schoolers throughout the Bay Area we
schoolers throughout the Bay Area we instill in these students the idea that
instill in these students the idea that
instill in these students the idea that empathy is a skill and encourages them
empathy is a skill and encourages them
empathy is a skill and encourages them to practice it even when it feels hard
to practice it even when it feels hard
to practice it even when it feels hard because we believe that over time
because we believe that over time
because we believe that over time empathic practice turns into empathic
empathic practice turns into empathic
empathic practice turns into empathic habits and eventually empathic people
habits and eventually empathic people
habits and eventually empathic people we’re not the only ones in the empathy
we’re not the only ones in the empathy
we’re not the only ones in the empathy building business and I want to tell you
building business and I want to tell you
building business and I want to tell you about some people who inspire me sue
about some people who inspire me sue
about some people who inspire me sue Rahr heads police training for the state
Rahr heads police training for the state
Rahr heads police training for the state of Washington and she’s brought empathy
of Washington and she’s brought empathy
of Washington and she’s brought empathy front and center cadets in her program
front and center cadets in her program
front and center cadets in her program like this one go through mock crime
like this one go through mock crime
like this one go through mock crime scenes and practice defusing tense
scenes and practice defusing tense
scenes and practice defusing tense situations by slowing down asking
situations by slowing down asking
situations by slowing down asking questions and paying attention to what
questions and paying attention to what
questions and paying attention to what other people feel
other people feel
other people feel since Rory took over officers use of
since Rory took over officers use of
since Rory took over officers use of force has declined all over Washington
force has declined all over Washington
force has declined all over Washington especially towards people with mental
especially towards people with mental
especially towards people with mental illness in a dark moment for American
illness in a dark moment for American
illness in a dark moment for American policing she’s cast a light life after
policing she’s cast a light life after
policing she’s cast a light life after hate was founded by angela king tony
hate was founded by angela king tony
hate was founded by angela king tony McAleer and their colleagues all of whom
McAleer and their colleagues all of whom
McAleer and their colleagues all of whom were once white supremacists but now
were once white supremacists but now
were once white supremacists but now have reformed and worked to extract
have reformed and worked to extract
have reformed and worked to extract other people from the dark place they
other people from the dark place they
other people from the dark place they once inhabited hundreds of hate group
once inhabited hundreds of hate group
once inhabited hundreds of hate group members contact life after hate each
members contact life after hate each
members contact life after hate each year Tony Angela and their colleagues
year Tony Angela and their colleagues
year Tony Angela and their colleagues teach them that although hatred buries
teach them that although hatred buries
teach them that although hatred buries empathy it doesn’t kill it and that even
empathy it doesn’t kill it and that even
empathy it doesn’t kill it and that even people have lost their way can get it
people have lost their way can get it
people have lost their way can get it back Tony and Angela embodied this in
back Tony and Angela embodied this in
back Tony and Angela embodied this in their own stories
their own stories
their own stories they call themselves formers to
they call themselves formers to
they call themselves formers to acknowledge their past but also to
acknowledge their past but also to
acknowledge their past but also to acknowledge the idea that we’re all
acknowledge the idea that we’re all
acknowledge the idea that we’re all still forming able to choose new paths
still forming able to choose new paths
still forming able to choose new paths and forge new connections
Tonie Angela and Sue tackle some of the
Tonie Angela and Sue tackle some of the hardest issues of our time and they
hardest issues of our time and they
hardest issues of our time and they teach us that empathy can bloom even in
teach us that empathy can bloom even in
teach us that empathy can bloom even in barren soil we should all take a page
barren soil we should all take a page
barren soil we should all take a page from their book earlier I told you that
from their book earlier I told you that
from their book earlier I told you that when people no empathy is a skill they
when people no empathy is a skill they
when people no empathy is a skill they work harder at it hopefully by now you
work harder at it hopefully by now you
work harder at it hopefully by now you know empathy is under your control I
know empathy is under your control I
know empathy is under your control I challenge all of us to empathize with
challenge all of us to empathize with
challenge all of us to empathize with purpose especially when it’s hard let’s
purpose especially when it’s hard let’s
purpose especially when it’s hard let’s point our care at the voiceless the
point our care at the voiceless the
point our care at the voiceless the homeless individual or refugee who we
homeless individual or refugee who we
homeless individual or refugee who we might otherwise ignore let’s point our
might otherwise ignore let’s point our
might otherwise ignore let’s point our curiosity at people who anger us even
curiosity at people who anger us even
curiosity at people who anger us even when ignoring them feels easier if more
when ignoring them feels easier if more
when ignoring them feels easier if more of us can make choices like this we can
of us can make choices like this we can
of us can make choices like this we can begin to regrow our collective empathy
begin to regrow our collective empathy
begin to regrow our collective empathy and mend the tears in our social fabric
and mend the tears in our social fabric
and mend the tears in our social fabric and that’s the good news here empathy is
and that’s the good news here empathy is
and that’s the good news here empathy is not just a precious resource it’s also a
not just a precious resource it’s also a
not just a precious resource it’s also a renewable one thank you
renewable one thank you
renewable one thank you [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music]
[Music] [Applause]
”
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