[Music] [Applause]
your first instinct is usually right
your first instinct is usually right is that correct do you listen to your
is that correct do you listen to your
is that correct do you listen to your instinct what are your instincts saying
instinct what are your instincts saying
instinct what are your instincts saying right now what it is is it an elevator
right now what it is is it an elevator
right now what it is is it an elevator is the stair is it telling you that you
is the stair is it telling you that you
is the stair is it telling you that you have a choice and you have choices all
have a choice and you have choices all
have a choice and you have choices all the time some of you might think that’s
the time some of you might think that’s
the time some of you might think that’s a trick and I don’t like it but let’s
a trick and I don’t like it but let’s
a trick and I don’t like it but let’s look to the forward how about this it’s
look to the forward how about this it’s
look to the forward how about this it’s not only about our choices it’s all
not only about our choices it’s all
not only about our choices it’s all about choices of designers so they might
about choices of designers so they might
about choices of designers so they might think their instincts say this is a
think their instincts say this is a
think their instincts say this is a beautiful design but you see that people
beautiful design but you see that people
beautiful design but you see that people and their instincts lead them around
and their instincts lead them around
and their instincts lead them around this design so this is what we have
this design so this is what we have
this design so this is what we have today how about looking into the future
today how about looking into the future
today how about looking into the future and imagining ourselves and listening to
and imagining ourselves and listening to
and imagining ourselves and listening to our instincts do you want this or we
our instincts do you want this or we
our instincts do you want this or we would rather look back to what we have
would rather look back to what we have
would rather look back to what we have today so all of this makes more and more
today so all of this makes more and more
today so all of this makes more and more questions to myself and evolutionary
questions to myself and evolutionary
questions to myself and evolutionary certainly instinct help us to survive
certainly instinct help us to survive
certainly instinct help us to survive and reproduce but nowadays when we have
and reproduce but nowadays when we have
and reproduce but nowadays when we have this all fundamental changes what are
this all fundamental changes what are
this all fundamental changes what are there all of the instincts and here I’m
there all of the instincts and here I’m
there all of the instincts and here I’m standing with all of these questions and
standing with all of these questions and
standing with all of these questions and imagine this man is myself what it is
imagine this man is myself what it is
imagine this man is myself what it is all about and at an MIT Media Lab I’m
all about and at an MIT Media Lab I’m
all about and at an MIT Media Lab I’m thinking about these questions how can I
thinking about these questions how can I
thinking about these questions how can I help people to overcome huge changes we
help people to overcome huge changes we
help people to overcome huge changes we are facing every day and you know change
are facing every day and you know change
are facing every day and you know change what it is is it difficult is it hard
what it is is it difficult is it hard
what it is is it difficult is it hard maybe if you would ask yourself do you
maybe if you would ask yourself do you
maybe if you would ask yourself do you want a better life do you want to change
want a better life do you want to change
want a better life do you want to change you would say yes and if somebody would
you would say yes and if somebody would
you would say yes and if somebody would ask to you do you want to change
ask to you do you want to change
ask to you do you want to change yourself
yourself
yourself that’s a different question so have you
that’s a different question so have you
that’s a different question so have you ever had in your life at least one New
ever had in your life at least one New
ever had in your life at least one New Year’s resolution saying from the
Year’s resolution saying from the
Year’s resolution saying from the January first I will gonna do this new
January first I will gonna do this new
January first I will gonna do this new thing how many of you please raise your
thing how many of you please raise your
thing how many of you please raise your hands and now how many of you have had
hands and now how many of you have had
hands and now how many of you have had the same New Year’s resolution
the same New Year’s resolution
the same New Year’s resolution for several years and how many of you
for several years and how many of you
for several years and how many of you have achieved a change in yourself that
have achieved a change in yourself that
have achieved a change in yourself that you have made to yourself in January
you have made to yourself in January
you have made to yourself in January first how many of you I did this year
first how many of you I did this year
first how many of you I did this year and I’m still quite successful with it
and I’m still quite successful with it
and I’m still quite successful with it now just to illustrate this is the
now just to illustrate this is the
now just to illustrate this is the target group that I’m working and I’m
target group that I’m working and I’m
target group that I’m working and I’m trying to help people of January 1st to
trying to help people of January 1st to
trying to help people of January 1st to be successful
be successful
be successful that’s my work but we also need to know
that’s my work but we also need to know
that’s my work but we also need to know that there are people who if they want
that there are people who if they want
that there are people who if they want to change like I saw some of them are
to change like I saw some of them are
to change like I saw some of them are here in the audience are successfully
here in the audience are successfully
here in the audience are successfully doing that and that’s the green circle
doing that and that’s the green circle
doing that and that’s the green circle so if I want to change I do it and there
so if I want to change I do it and there
so if I want to change I do it and there is red circle we also need to
is red circle we also need to
is red circle we also need to acknowledge that there are people who
acknowledge that there are people who
acknowledge that there are people who will never do that and maybe you know
will never do that and maybe you know
will never do that and maybe you know some of your friends or your relatives
some of your friends or your relatives
some of your friends or your relatives and you said to them many times the same
and you said to them many times the same
and you said to them many times the same thing and they say ok I’m fine so for
thing and they say ok I’m fine so for
thing and they say ok I’m fine so for the yellow circle people who want to
the yellow circle people who want to
the yellow circle people who want to change but not always succeeding we need
change but not always succeeding we need
change but not always succeeding we need to look for reasons why the change is
to look for reasons why the change is
to look for reasons why the change is not happening and social cognitive
not happening and social cognitive
not happening and social cognitive theory says there are two areas where
theory says there are two areas where
theory says there are two areas where the barriers can reside one is in
the barriers can reside one is in
the barriers can reside one is in attitude so the attitude might change
attitude so the attitude might change
attitude so the attitude might change after January 1st or into the
after January 1st or into the
after January 1st or into the environment so there is not enough
environment so there is not enough
environment so there is not enough ability to do that new thing so we need
ability to do that new thing so we need
ability to do that new thing so we need to change either the environment around
to change either the environment around
to change either the environment around us or the attitude to enable these
us or the attitude to enable these
us or the attitude to enable these people to succeed by getting into this
people to succeed by getting into this
people to succeed by getting into this new behavior and if you look at the
new behavior and if you look at the
new behavior and if you look at the different ways what can be done people
different ways what can be done people
different ways what can be done people can be motivated maybe you know this you
can be motivated maybe you know this you
can be motivated maybe you know this you guys
guys
guys carrots those are incentives steak is a
carrots those are incentives steak is a
carrots those are incentives steak is a punishment do they work yes they do for
punishment do they work yes they do for
punishment do they work yes they do for how long
how long
how long for as long as they are present for as
for as long as they are present for as
for as long as they are present for as long as somebody gives you a carrot or
long as somebody gives you a carrot or
long as somebody gives you a carrot or stays next to you with this thing right
stays next to you with this thing right
stays next to you with this thing right so it’s a limitation there is another
so it’s a limitation there is another
so it’s a limitation there is another way what can be used to motivate people
way what can be used to motivate people
way what can be used to motivate people it’s true argument so for example here
it’s true argument so for example here
it’s true argument so for example here this one runs on money and might make
this one runs on money and might make
this one runs on money and might make you fat and the other one runs on fat
you fat and the other one runs on fat
you fat and the other one runs on fat and might save you money so if you ask
and might save you money so if you ask
and might save you money so if you ask yourself or somebody they would say yes
yourself or somebody they would say yes
yourself or somebody they would say yes that most likely is true but does it
that most likely is true but does it
that most likely is true but does it work do people in the end try to switch
work do people in the end try to switch
work do people in the end try to switch over to bikes and there’s a third there
over to bikes and there’s a third there
over to bikes and there’s a third there can be different kind of campaigns and
can be different kind of campaigns and
can be different kind of campaigns and maybe some of you remember this campaign
maybe some of you remember this campaign
maybe some of you remember this campaign that’s rigueur and people on the bikes
that’s rigueur and people on the bikes
that’s rigueur and people on the bikes with a bamboo structure around them try
with a bamboo structure around them try
with a bamboo structure around them try to exemplify how much space takes up one
to exemplify how much space takes up one
to exemplify how much space takes up one person riding in a private car very nice
person riding in a private car very nice
person riding in a private car very nice campaign good social media coverage at
campaign good social media coverage at
campaign good social media coverage at the same time not many people remember
the same time not many people remember
the same time not many people remember it anymore so if all of these ways to
it anymore so if all of these ways to
it anymore so if all of these ways to help people achieving a behavioral
help people achieving a behavioral
help people achieving a behavioral change have limitations the question is
change have limitations the question is
change have limitations the question is is there anything else around us that
is there anything else around us that
is there anything else around us that can serve as a helpful source of
can serve as a helpful source of
can serve as a helpful source of motivation for people to achieving their
motivation for people to achieving their
motivation for people to achieving their changes oh wait a minute
did you just do like this you did it
did you just do like this you did it because I looked up and if you did this
because I looked up and if you did this
because I looked up and if you did this is a question what it is and why it was
is a question what it is and why it was
is a question what it is and why it was so powerful if I looked up you looked up
so powerful if I looked up you looked up
so powerful if I looked up you looked up it’s called social influence
it’s called social influence
it’s called social influence so how people react to other people
so how people react to other people
so how people react to other people that’s a so powerful source of
that’s a so powerful source of
that’s a so powerful source of motivating everyone that you are able to
motivating everyone that you are able to
motivating everyone that you are able to see other people doing the same thing
see other people doing the same thing
see other people doing the same thing that you want to do and let me give you
that you want to do and let me give you
that you want to do and let me give you an example from let’s say you want to do
an example from let’s say you want to do
an example from let’s say you want to do more exercising in the morning or you
more exercising in the morning or you
more exercising in the morning or you want to ride a bike to work
want to ride a bike to work
want to ride a bike to work what’s important is a weather forecast
what’s important is a weather forecast
what’s important is a weather forecast you look at the weather forecast and you
you look at the weather forecast and you
you look at the weather forecast and you have two options in this case two cities
have two options in this case two cities
have two options in this case two cities Stanford and in Harbin better weather
Stanford and in Harbin better weather
Stanford and in Harbin better weather and not that good one in a case if in
and not that good one in a case if in
and not that good one in a case if in eighth home and you are hesitating to
eighth home and you are hesitating to
eighth home and you are hesitating to take your bike because weather is not
take your bike because weather is not
take your bike because weather is not that good what if the same mobile
that good what if the same mobile
that good what if the same mobile application tells you how many other
application tells you how many other
application tells you how many other people right now are riding their bikes
people right now are riding their bikes
people right now are riding their bikes to work or to school at the same very
to work or to school at the same very
to work or to school at the same very moment on your street or in your
moment on your street or in your
moment on your street or in your neighborhood and although you see in
neighborhood and although you see in
neighborhood and although you see in Stanford is 74 in an oven is 1111 is
Stanford is 74 in an oven is 1111 is
Stanford is 74 in an oven is 1111 is maybe smaller number than 74
maybe smaller number than 74
maybe smaller number than 74 but if 11 are there so you question
but if 11 are there so you question
but if 11 are there so you question yourself what’s wrong with me if the 11
yourself what’s wrong with me if the 11
yourself what’s wrong with me if the 11 can do it right and you know when we do
can do it right and you know when we do
can do it right and you know when we do design mobile applications on devices
design mobile applications on devices
design mobile applications on devices like this there are million and million
like this there are million and million
like this there are million and million applications that try to help you
applications that try to help you
applications that try to help you achieving your behavior change that is
achieving your behavior change that is
achieving your behavior change that is still one huge limitation who is in
still one huge limitation who is in
still one huge limitation who is in control a user if I don’t want you I put
control a user if I don’t want you I put
control a user if I don’t want you I put it in the pocket or I just throw it away
it in the pocket or I just throw it away
it in the pocket or I just throw it away and that’s about it that’s why my work
and that’s about it that’s why my work
and that’s about it that’s why my work is focused on this it’s a publicly
is focused on this it’s a publicly
is focused on this it’s a publicly available instant information about
available instant information about
available instant information about what’s happening so on this tree there’s
what’s happening so on this tree there’s
what’s happening so on this tree there’s a bike line in a course and this screen
a bike line in a course and this screen
a bike line in a course and this screen is telling you that in the last hour the
is telling you that in the last hour the
is telling you that in the last hour the speed of the cars when
speed of the cars when
speed of the cars when 9 miles per hour bikes 12 miles per hour
9 miles per hour bikes 12 miles per hour
9 miles per hour bikes 12 miles per hour and the only way you can make as an
and the only way you can make as an
and the only way you can make as an individual difference to what you see is
individual difference to what you see is
individual difference to what you see is your choice which mobility mode you take
your choice which mobility mode you take
your choice which mobility mode you take next time and there is no one behind
next time and there is no one behind
next time and there is no one behind writing an agenda is just making
writing an agenda is just making
writing an agenda is just making transparent of what’s happening and
transparent of what’s happening and
transparent of what’s happening and based on this idea we also ran a large
based on this idea we also ran a large
based on this idea we also ran a large study in Boston and Cambridge area
study in Boston and Cambridge area
study in Boston and Cambridge area Massachusetts United States we engaged
Massachusetts United States we engaged
Massachusetts United States we engaged companies like Google like MIT like
companies like Google like MIT like
companies like Google like MIT like Boston Children’s Hospital into
Boston Children’s Hospital into
Boston Children’s Hospital into reporting how they employees commute
reporting how they employees commute
reporting how they employees commute from home to work and specifically
from home to work and specifically
from home to work and specifically looked at those people commuting by
looked at those people commuting by
looked at those people commuting by bikes based on that metric we arrange
bikes based on that metric we arrange
bikes based on that metric we arrange them in rankings and what we did ask we
them in rankings and what we did ask we
them in rankings and what we did ask we asked them to put it in a big large
asked them to put it in a big large
asked them to put it in a big large displace in their organizations
displace in their organizations
displace in their organizations so people who never rode a bike and
so people who never rode a bike and
so people who never rode a bike and never aware of other their colleagues
never aware of other their colleagues
never aware of other their colleagues riding bikes
riding bikes
riding bikes finally saw their company well there are
finally saw their company well there are
finally saw their company well there are colleagues that are riding bikes oh we
colleagues that are riding bikes oh we
colleagues that are riding bikes oh we are number two narang how can I help my
are number two narang how can I help my
are number two narang how can I help my company to become number one and there
company to become number one and there
company to become number one and there is a clear simple answer take your bike
is a clear simple answer take your bike
is a clear simple answer take your bike then we can look at the our habits
then we can look at the our habits
then we can look at the our habits towards healthy eating and if we look at
towards healthy eating and if we look at
towards healthy eating and if we look at the grocery store where products can be
the grocery store where products can be
the grocery store where products can be stand at the counter already based on
stand at the counter already based on
stand at the counter already based on the screen that has the red and green
the screen that has the red and green
the screen that has the red and green products at scanned they can have
products at scanned they can have
products at scanned they can have healthy or unhealthy attachment to it
healthy or unhealthy attachment to it
healthy or unhealthy attachment to it and then in the end
and then in the end
and then in the end everyone’s grocery basket can be divided
everyone’s grocery basket can be divided
everyone’s grocery basket can be divided into healthy unhealthy food and this
into healthy unhealthy food and this
into healthy unhealthy food and this color can represent that and it can be
color can represent that and it can be
color can represent that and it can be put also outside of the grocery store so
put also outside of the grocery store so
put also outside of the grocery store so if today most of the people have
if today most of the people have
if today most of the people have purchased mostly healthy stuff you can
purchased mostly healthy stuff you can
purchased mostly healthy stuff you can see that grocery store from outside are
see that grocery store from outside are
see that grocery store from outside are green or vice versa as red so you can
green or vice versa as red so you can
green or vice versa as red so you can ride your bike and you can see red
ride your bike and you can see red
ride your bike and you can see red grocery store red grocery store and
grocery store red grocery store and
grocery store red grocery store and green one which tells you nothing more
green one which tells you nothing more
green one which tells you nothing more just the fact how people have purchased
just the fact how people have purchased
just the fact how people have purchased their food in that grocery store
their food in that grocery store
their food in that grocery store another thing is some people say we are
another thing is some people say we are
another thing is some people say we are sitting too long and if we have a chair
sitting too long and if we have a chair
sitting too long and if we have a chair that can sell us that we are sitting too
that can sell us that we are sitting too
that can sell us that we are sitting too long
long
long and it turns the color from green to red
and it turns the color from green to red
and it turns the color from green to red red means we are sitting already more
red means we are sitting already more
red means we are sitting already more than half an hour for example and it’s
than half an hour for example and it’s
than half an hour for example and it’s not only that we see it ourselves but
not only that we see it ourselves but
not only that we see it ourselves but also other people see that too and this
also other people see that too and this
also other people see that too and this is how we prototype this kind of
is how we prototype this kind of
is how we prototype this kind of innovations so it’s a simple chair she’s
innovations so it’s a simple chair she’s
innovations so it’s a simple chair she’s my student from my class she put the
my student from my class she put the
my student from my class she put the pressure sensor on the chair and an LED
pressure sensor on the chair and an LED
pressure sensor on the chair and an LED strip light that currently is changing
strip light that currently is changing
strip light that currently is changing the color from green to red so it’s all
the color from green to red so it’s all
the color from green to red so it’s all program it’s all prototype and now it’s
program it’s all prototype and now it’s
program it’s all prototype and now it’s demonstrated how it works so when the
demonstrated how it works so when the
demonstrated how it works so when the strip is red she stands up and does
strip is red she stands up and does
strip is red she stands up and does exercising stretching and a lot of fun
exercising stretching and a lot of fun
exercising stretching and a lot of fun and then wait while the strip goes back
and then wait while the strip goes back
and then wait while the strip goes back to green which is the indicator it’s
to green which is the indicator it’s
to green which is the indicator it’s safe to sit down so you can imagine your
safe to sit down so you can imagine your
safe to sit down so you can imagine your own workplace having the same chairs and
own workplace having the same chairs and
own workplace having the same chairs and somebody comes to you and says it’s time
somebody comes to you and says it’s time
somebody comes to you and says it’s time to stand up and then if you think beyond
to stand up and then if you think beyond
to stand up and then if you think beyond just in indoors so outdoor new
just in indoors so outdoor new
just in indoors so outdoor new innovations like this tricycle it’s a
innovations like this tricycle it’s a
innovations like this tricycle it’s a new way of Transportation is city and
new way of Transportation is city and
new way of Transportation is city and you can pedal on it or use electric
you can pedal on it or use electric
you can pedal on it or use electric assist and certainly if we ask yourself
assist and certainly if we ask yourself
assist and certainly if we ask yourself which contributes more to our well-being
which contributes more to our well-being
which contributes more to our well-being most likely pedaling if we can do that
most likely pedaling if we can do that
most likely pedaling if we can do that so and this would instantly tell you how
so and this would instantly tell you how
so and this would instantly tell you how do you perform comparing to your own
do you perform comparing to your own
do you perform comparing to your own previous behavior comparing to your your
previous behavior comparing to your your
previous behavior comparing to your your behavior will be here other previous
behavior will be here other previous
behavior will be here other previous riders on this vehicle or to the
riders on this vehicle or to the
riders on this vehicle or to the neighborhood where you are riding and
neighborhood where you are riding and
neighborhood where you are riding and now even looking more forward I would
now even looking more forward I would
now even looking more forward I would like to show you a structure which has
like to show you a structure which has
like to show you a structure which has been built more than 100 years ago
been built more than 100 years ago
been built more than 100 years ago located in one of the beautiful capitals
located in one of the beautiful capitals
located in one of the beautiful capitals of Europe that was built for a different
of Europe that was built for a different
of Europe that was built for a different purpose hundred years ago that nowadays
purpose hundred years ago that nowadays
purpose hundred years ago that nowadays can be used as a large communication
can be used as a large communication
can be used as a large communication channel that can provide information
channel that can provide information
channel that can provide information about how people behave in a certain way
about how people behave in a certain way
about how people behave in a certain way for their own behavior a structure this
for their own behavior a structure this
for their own behavior a structure this has been built hundred years ago today
has been built hundred years ago today
has been built hundred years ago today can tell you that number right there
can tell you that number right there
can tell you that number right there large one it can represent how many
large one it can represent how many
large one it can represent how many people have achieved their New Year’s
people have achieved their New Year’s
people have achieved their New Year’s resolutions globally for example
resolutions globally for example
resolutions globally for example it can tell how many kilometers people
it can tell how many kilometers people
it can tell how many kilometers people run over the last year for example so
run over the last year for example so
run over the last year for example so different kind of things can be
different kind of things can be
different kind of things can be exhibited at a larger scale to a larger
exhibited at a larger scale to a larger
exhibited at a larger scale to a larger population and when once we have that
population and when once we have that
population and when once we have that kind of innovations placed in the urban
kind of innovations placed in the urban
kind of innovations placed in the urban space and looking back to the audience
space and looking back to the audience
space and looking back to the audience that we are trying to help these are
that we are trying to help these are
that we are trying to help these are people of January 1st that who want to
people of January 1st that who want to
people of January 1st that who want to change already that what we are doing we
change already that what we are doing we
change already that what we are doing we are actually exposing the green circle
are actually exposing the green circle
are actually exposing the green circle which already have changed which already
which already have changed which already
which already have changed which already run in the morning right their bikes and
run in the morning right their bikes and
run in the morning right their bikes and so forth – the yellow ones and what
so forth – the yellow ones and what
so forth – the yellow ones and what happens they gradually change the yellow
happens they gradually change the yellow
happens they gradually change the yellow ones into green and also red ones into
ones into green and also red ones into
ones into green and also red ones into yellow and now you would last yourself
yellow and now you would last yourself
yellow and now you would last yourself ok with Sol future it’s all going to be
ok with Sol future it’s all going to be
ok with Sol future it’s all going to be can I do something today and let me give
can I do something today and let me give
can I do something today and let me give you an example so I have had two of my
you an example so I have had two of my
you an example so I have had two of my private experiences where the eating
private experiences where the eating
private experiences where the eating because I need to exercise to keep my
because I need to exercise to keep my
because I need to exercise to keep my weight and I have some trouble I need to
weight and I have some trouble I need to
weight and I have some trouble I need to look back to what I eat and you know one
look back to what I eat and you know one
look back to what I eat and you know one simple trick for you that you can start
simple trick for you that you can start
simple trick for you that you can start doing today you anchor your desire or
doing today you anchor your desire or
doing today you anchor your desire or your new year’s resolution to a behavior
your new year’s resolution to a behavior
your new year’s resolution to a behavior you do multiple times a day just like
you do multiple times a day just like
you do multiple times a day just like this one what I did every time I washed
this one what I did every time I washed
this one what I did every time I washed my hands I remind myself my new year’s
my hands I remind myself my new year’s
my hands I remind myself my new year’s resolution is to eat more healthier and
resolution is to eat more healthier and
resolution is to eat more healthier and it worked for me and I believe it can
it worked for me and I believe it can
it worked for me and I believe it can work for you thank you
work for you thank you
work for you thank you [Applause]
”
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