Many great speakers start to ask the audience
To close their eyes and think about something.
I can not do that today,
Because if I asked you to close your eyes and think about philosophy,
You will be gone.
I know this because most people, when they think of philosophy,
As you know, they have a picture of a man with a beard
Seeing imaginary solutions to occasional problems,
They do, of course, sitting on an armchair.
But this is not a very nice idea, let me tell you so,
Because I am a philosopher,
Most importantly,
You are also philosophers.
Today I will show you how all of you philosophers,
How I’ve been studying the philosophy of Fork ten years ago –
Not a two-seat chair, but a laboratory –
And how this philosophy can help us to enter
To the many interesting problems we are facing now,
Such as artificial intelligence and cars without drivers.
So, first,
Are you ready to take part in a small philosophical mission with me?
Are you all here?
Well, I’ll ask you a short question.
I just want to know how you feel about him.
We will begin with the issue of what we call “the question of the vehicle.”
Some of you have probably heard it before.
So the issue of the vehicle is, basically:
There is a vehicle running super fast on a road,
And you will hit five people and kill them all!
Unless someone pulled a key and turned it on a nearby road
Where only one person stands
He will, of course, be killed, but the five are saved
Now the question to you is:
Which do you think is the best?
To pull the key or not?
If you think you pull the key and save the five best,
Just raise your hands,
Anyone? Well, I can see it is a good majority.
Not everyone but 70% good rate
This is the kind of observation we see most of the time.
So they resemble the rest of the people.
The interesting thing here is:
Why?
Well, saving one, saving five, saving five is definitely the best and …
What you have just done there, I want you to appreciate it,
Is what we call philosophical theory.
Form a philosophical, ethical theory of it.
Moral theory is any “why” answer to moral judgment.
Here you said to me,
“We will do this because saving five lives is better than saving one.”
This makes you philosophers!
So congratulations!
(Laughter)
Some of you will know this as well
Being a theory very similar to what we call “utilitarianism.”
So the idea is that you do
Which serves the greater good of the largest number.
So since we are all philosophers,
Let me tell you something else here.
What you have experienced is what some of my colleagues call it
And I “with the philosophy of testing.”
If, then, the traditional method of philosophy is that comfortable armchair,
The experimental philosophy symbol is the armchair with its flaming arms.
We want to ignite those.
We do not want anything like that.
I love this because it brings you out of the comfort zone –
Now, so literally –
It makes you see what’s going on outside.
What are the nuances of philosophy?
Which people believe and test.
And what this experimental philosophy has as a starting point
Is the dominant experience with real people,
As we have just done with you.
This gives us insight into how Furk’s theory and the philosophy of Furk,
But also gives us insight into interesting modern issues.
It will not be hard for you to imagine for a few years now,
A car without a driver driving on the road, about to hit five people,
There is no place to restrain.
The only way to save them: to the sidewalk
Where only one person would be killed.
Because most of you said
It was the right way to work with the trolley,
Perhaps we may encode the driver’s program without a driver
To do so precisely.
It will not be difficult, will it?
But if you think so,
Why?
Is this because most people say so in an experiment?
right Now –
This was a car without a driver.
This is the moment when I want to return to experience
I start by distorting things,
I see if we can get a better understanding,
I am sure of our first intuition.
So I will need your help again.
are you ready?
We will look at this issue from another perspective.
Let’s get back to the five-speed sedan.
This time, unfortunately there is no other way,
So these five people will be killed
Unless we put heavy weight on the road to stop the vehicle.
It happens that there is a strange man, huge and long, there.
You may drive this man to the road
And the chariot may come upon him and save the five souls.
Now let’s get back to the question I asked earlier.
Who wants to push a strange man to the road?
just one?
(Laughter)
You are a brave man.
This is precisely what we observe all the time,
Which is good when we agree on ethical matters
We all share the same views.
There is certainly a trick.
For a moment, your praise for your first moral judgment,
Now your moral theory – quite clearly – has just failed.
So this makes you real philosophers, I think.
(Laughter)
How do we explain the truth?
We are ready to be useful in one framework,
And not in others?
Now that you are modern philosophers,
I encourage you to think about the differences
Between the required acts or frames,
Refine your theories, improve them, and capture these nuances.
I will share with you only one interpretation I love.
This requires taking one step away from that armchair
Because I really want to start looking inside the minds of people.
I know some of you might think that there is some dirty torment coming.
There is no such thing.
The only thing we do
It is only put some participants in the MRI machine
And recording blood flow in different regions of the brain
To see which area of the brain is attracted at different moments.
What my colleagues discovered
Is that when you face the decision to pull the key,
An area of your brain is working
Those that are usually used for deliberation, logical thinking.
In case the stranger is pushed to the road,
The area itself does not attract.
another one,
Associated with emotional and instinctive reactions attract,
We also believe that the response times are different.
When you need to choose if you pay a stranger,
Know, immediately, that you never will,
Before you realize it even.
When you need to pull the key,
It took you a few seconds before lifting your hand.
This is logical because intentional takes some time.
Now, what does this indicate about your first intuition
Save five souls by dragging the key?
What does this indicate about our understanding of morality?
You know, I’ve been researching the role of emotions now,
As you just saw,
As well as the role of luck on our moral judgments,
The role of sex with Ronda.
I see these amazing things
Because it gives us insight into human psychology and human creation,
Which is a tight mix of intent and emotions.
In fact, I do not think you can be ethical without emotions,
Without your sense of passion when someone suffers,
Or anger in the presence of injustice.
Computers and machines can not test that kind of emotion.
We can program their programs to reproduce human will,
But I’ve just seen you
That even human intent is influenced by emotions.
This leads me to the final point in today’s speech,
It is that our software engineers
They will face a difficult time to design and develop
Moral cars without driver.
That is why we will need more philosophers,
Like me,
And, of course, like you.
Thank.
(clap)
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