a few months ago the internet exploded when a rapper named Bobby Ray Simmons
when a rapper named Bobby Ray Simmons
when a rapper named Bobby Ray Simmons aka b.o.b started tweeting out reasons
aka b.o.b started tweeting out reasons
aka b.o.b started tweeting out reasons why he thought the world was flat
now the story really took off when Neil
now the story really took off when Neil deGrasse Tyson the astrophysicist
deGrasse Tyson the astrophysicist
deGrasse Tyson the astrophysicist started tweeting back at him explaining
started tweeting back at him explaining
started tweeting back at him explaining the apparent discrepancies but guess
the apparent discrepancies but guess
the apparent discrepancies but guess what b.o.b held his ground he didn’t
what b.o.b held his ground he didn’t
what b.o.b held his ground he didn’t give in now it turns out that b.o.b is
give in now it turns out that b.o.b is
give in now it turns out that b.o.b is not the only one believe it or not
not the only one believe it or not
not the only one believe it or not there’s actually a Flat Earth Society
there’s actually a Flat Earth Society
there’s actually a Flat Earth Society with roots going all the way back to the
with roots going all the way back to the
with roots going all the way back to the 1800s their motto is amazing we man the
1800s their motto is amazing we man the
1800s their motto is amazing we man the guns against oppression of thought and
guns against oppression of thought and
guns against oppression of thought and the globular ‘us lies of a new age when
the globular ‘us lies of a new age when
the globular ‘us lies of a new age when I first read this I thought it said
I first read this I thought it said
I first read this I thought it said globalist lies but it’s actually
globalist lies but it’s actually
globalist lies but it’s actually globular wrist ie those nutty folks who
globular wrist ie those nutty folks who
globular wrist ie those nutty folks who think the earth is a sphere standing
think the earth is a sphere standing
think the earth is a sphere standing with reason we offer a home to those
with reason we offer a home to those
with reason we offer a home to those wayward thinkers who march bravely on
wayward thinkers who march bravely on
wayward thinkers who march bravely on with reason and truth in recognizing the
with reason and truth in recognizing the
with reason and truth in recognizing the true shape of the earth flat this is not
true shape of the earth flat this is not
true shape of the earth flat this is not some elaborate hose BLB in the flat
some elaborate hose BLB in the flat
some elaborate hose BLB in the flat earthers really believe that the earth
earthers really believe that the earth
earthers really believe that the earth is flat despite all evidence to the
is flat despite all evidence to the
is flat despite all evidence to the contrary so why am i showing you this
contrary so why am i showing you this
contrary so why am i showing you this because your natural reaction to the
because your natural reaction to the
because your natural reaction to the story is wrong your first instinct is to
story is wrong your first instinct is to
story is wrong your first instinct is to laugh at the flat earthers and assume
laugh at the flat earthers and assume
laugh at the flat earthers and assume they must be incredibly dense or crazy
they must be incredibly dense or crazy
they must be incredibly dense or crazy but actually they’re not all that
but actually they’re not all that
but actually they’re not all that different than you and I as human beings
different than you and I as human beings
different than you and I as human beings false belief is our birthright it stems
false belief is our birthright it stems
false belief is our birthright it stems from fundamental principles that govern
from fundamental principles that govern
from fundamental principles that govern the way our minds work in the way we
the way our minds work in the way we
the way our minds work in the way we store knowledge consider how common it
store knowledge consider how common it
store knowledge consider how common it is for groups of people to believe
is for groups of people to believe
is for groups of people to believe things that just aren’t true right now
things that just aren’t true right now
things that just aren’t true right now in this moment it feels like we’re in
in this moment it feels like we’re in
in this moment it feels like we’re in the midst of an epidemic the explosion
the midst of an epidemic the explosion
the midst of an epidemic the explosion of fake news shows how easy it is to do
of fake news shows how easy it is to do
of fake news shows how easy it is to do people on the left and the right and
people on the left and the right and
people on the left and the right and science denial has gone mainstream
science denial has gone mainstream
science denial has gone mainstream significant proportions of the
significant proportions of the
significant proportions of the population
population
population maintain beliefs counter to the
maintain beliefs counter to the
maintain beliefs counter to the scientific consensus on critical age
scientific consensus on critical age
scientific consensus on critical age issues like vaccinations global warming
issues like vaccinations global warming
issues like vaccinations global warming and the safety of genetically modified
and the safety of genetically modified
and the safety of genetically modified foods public attitudes about these
foods public attitudes about these
foods public attitudes about these issues literally determine whether we
issues literally determine whether we
issues literally determine whether we can feed ourselves whether we can raise
can feed ourselves whether we can raise
can feed ourselves whether we can raise healthy children and whether we can
healthy children and whether we can
healthy children and whether we can forestall a climate disaster the stakes
forestall a climate disaster the stakes
forestall a climate disaster the stakes could not be higher which is why it’s
could not be higher which is why it’s
could not be higher which is why it’s just not good enough to chalk all this
just not good enough to chalk all this
just not good enough to chalk all this up to lunacy or stupidity simplistic
up to lunacy or stupidity simplistic
up to lunacy or stupidity simplistic explanations like that aren’t getting us
explanations like that aren’t getting us
explanations like that aren’t getting us anywhere if we really want to improve
anywhere if we really want to improve
anywhere if we really want to improve the way we grapple with these challenges
the way we grapple with these challenges
the way we grapple with these challenges we have to go deeper we have to
we have to go deeper we have to
we have to go deeper we have to understand what it is about the way we
understand what it is about the way we
understand what it is about the way we think that makes us so susceptible to
think that makes us so susceptible to
think that makes us so susceptible to believing things that aren’t true and
believing things that aren’t true and
believing things that aren’t true and that explanation actually begins with a
that explanation actually begins with a
that explanation actually begins with a kind of shocking observation as
kind of shocking observation as
kind of shocking observation as individuals we do not know enough to
individuals we do not know enough to
individuals we do not know enough to justify almost anything we believe now I
justify almost anything we believe now I
justify almost anything we believe now I know that might sound crazy to you but
know that might sound crazy to you but
know that might sound crazy to you but let’s think about a couple really
let’s think about a couple really
let’s think about a couple really obvious facts we all believe that the
obvious facts we all believe that the
obvious facts we all believe that the Earth revolves around the Sun of course
Earth revolves around the Sun of course
Earth revolves around the Sun of course we do it’s the most basic fact in the
we do it’s the most basic fact in the
we do it’s the most basic fact in the world but on what basis can you explain
world but on what basis can you explain
world but on what basis can you explain the astronomical observations that
the astronomical observations that
the astronomical observations that support that belief I know I can
support that belief I know I can
support that belief I know I can what about smoking we all know it’s
what about smoking we all know it’s
what about smoking we all know it’s terrible for us right but what’s
terrible for us right but what’s
terrible for us right but what’s actually in cigarette smoke that’s bad
actually in cigarette smoke that’s bad
actually in cigarette smoke that’s bad and what does it do to our bodies and
and what does it do to our bodies and
and what does it do to our bodies and ourselves what’s cancer really how does
ourselves what’s cancer really how does
ourselves what’s cancer really how does it even form these are not isolated
it even form these are not isolated
it even form these are not isolated examples most of what we believe is not
examples most of what we believe is not
examples most of what we believe is not based on what’s in our heads and there’s
based on what’s in our heads and there’s
based on what’s in our heads and there’s a good reason for that there’s not much
a good reason for that there’s not much
a good reason for that there’s not much in our heads
in our heads
in our heads as human beings we are just not made to
as human beings we are just not made to
as human beings we are just not made to store a lot of detailed information in
store a lot of detailed information in
store a lot of detailed information in the 1980’s a psychologist named Thomas
the 1980’s a psychologist named Thomas
the 1980’s a psychologist named Thomas Landauer set out to estimate the size of
Landauer set out to estimate the size of
Landauer set out to estimate the size of an individual’s knowledge base in bytes
an individual’s knowledge base in bytes
an individual’s knowledge base in bytes the same scale that’s used to measure
the same scale that’s used to measure
the same scale that’s used to measure computer memories one approach he took
computer memories one approach he took
computer memories one approach he took was to analyze the result of memory
was to analyze the result of memory
was to analyze the result of memory experiments where people are asked to
experiments where people are asked to
experiments where people are asked to study some pictures or words or bits of
study some pictures or words or bits of
study some pictures or words or bits of music and then later tested to see if
music and then later tested to see if
music and then later tested to see if they recognize them using the data he
they recognize them using the data he
they recognize them using the data he was able to estimate the rate at which
was able to estimate the rate at which
was able to estimate the rate at which we can acquire knowledge and also the
we can acquire knowledge and also the
we can acquire knowledge and also the rate at which we forget what we learned
rate at which we forget what we learned
rate at which we forget what we learned and then he extrapolated to a 70 year
and then he extrapolated to a 70 year
and then he extrapolated to a 70 year lifespan so how much do you know
lifespan so how much do you know
lifespan so how much do you know Landauer’s estimate one gigabyte
Landauer’s estimate one gigabyte
Landauer’s estimate one gigabyte I think this is an amazing result
I think this is an amazing result
I think this is an amazing result mind-blowing really one gigabyte is a
mind-blowing really one gigabyte is a
mind-blowing really one gigabyte is a tiny amount by comparison you can buy a
tiny amount by comparison you can buy a
tiny amount by comparison you can buy a thumb drive on amazon.com for less than
thumb drive on amazon.com for less than
thumb drive on amazon.com for less than 18 bucks that holds 64 gigabytes now at
18 bucks that holds 64 gigabytes now at
18 bucks that holds 64 gigabytes now at this point some of you guys might be
this point some of you guys might be
this point some of you guys might be freaking out a little bit feeling a
freaking out a little bit feeling a
freaking out a little bit feeling a little bit concerned after all we all
little bit concerned after all we all
little bit concerned after all we all think it’s the most important thing in
think it’s the most important thing in
think it’s the most important thing in the world to know a lot and have great
the world to know a lot and have great
the world to know a lot and have great memories but really this is a
memories but really this is a
memories but really this is a misconception we do not have to know a
misconception we do not have to know a
misconception we do not have to know a lot because we’re not made to think on
lot because we’re not made to think on
lot because we’re not made to think on our own it’s natural to think about
our own it’s natural to think about
our own it’s natural to think about thinking as what happens between your
thinking as what happens between your
thinking as what happens between your ears but that’s not where the magic
ears but that’s not where the magic
ears but that’s not where the magic really happens this video comes from a
really happens this video comes from a
really happens this video comes from a psychologist by the name of Michael
psychologist by the name of Michael
psychologist by the name of Michael Tomasello and his colleagues they study
Tomasello and his colleagues they study
Tomasello and his colleagues they study human children’s cognitive abilities in
human children’s cognitive abilities in
human children’s cognitive abilities in comparison to other animals like
comparison to other animals like
comparison to other animals like chimpanzees the goal is to understand
chimpanzees the goal is to understand
chimpanzees the goal is to understand what really makes us special what
what really makes us special what
what really makes us special what abilities do we excel at that other
abilities do we excel at that other
abilities do we excel at that other animals just cannot master you see how
animals just cannot master you see how
animals just cannot master you see how easily this young child reads the mind
easily this young child reads the mind
easily this young child reads the mind of the experimenter and then figures out
of the experimenter and then figures out
of the experimenter and then figures out how to coordinate his behavior to
how to coordinate his behavior to
how to coordinate his behavior to achieve the goal
achieve the goal
achieve the goal he even makes eye contact at the end as
he even makes eye contact at the end as
he even makes eye contact at the end as if to say I’ve got your back man this is
if to say I’ve got your back man this is
if to say I’ve got your back man this is so natural to us that it seems like
so natural to us that it seems like
so natural to us that it seems like nothing but it’s actually incredibly
nothing but it’s actually incredibly
nothing but it’s actually incredibly difficult to design a cognitive system
difficult to design a cognitive system
difficult to design a cognitive system that’s capable of collaboration this is
that’s capable of collaboration this is
that’s capable of collaboration this is really the secret to our success it’s
really the secret to our success it’s
really the secret to our success it’s what separates us from all other
what separates us from all other
what separates us from all other thinking creatures chimpanzees routinely
thinking creatures chimpanzees routinely
thinking creatures chimpanzees routinely fail at tasks that require sharing
fail at tasks that require sharing
fail at tasks that require sharing knowledge and working together to pursue
knowledge and working together to pursue
knowledge and working together to pursue goals tasks that young children master
goals tasks that young children master
goals tasks that young children master with ease now for me this realization
with ease now for me this realization
with ease now for me this realization was a major wake-up call it really
was a major wake-up call it really
was a major wake-up call it really changed my perspective on the nature of
changed my perspective on the nature of
changed my perspective on the nature of the mind I’m a cognitive scientist I’m
the mind I’m a cognitive scientist I’m
the mind I’m a cognitive scientist I’m used to studying how individuals make
used to studying how individuals make
used to studying how individuals make decisions or solve problems in isolation
decisions or solve problems in isolation
decisions or solve problems in isolation but thinking is a social process rather
but thinking is a social process rather
but thinking is a social process rather than happening inside your head it
than happening inside your head it
than happening inside your head it emerges from your interactions with
emerges from your interactions with
emerges from your interactions with those around you people are a little
those around you people are a little
those around you people are a little more like bees than we often realize in
more like bees than we often realize in
more like bees than we often realize in a bee hive you have an incredibly
a bee hive you have an incredibly
a bee hive you have an incredibly complex cluster of behaviors that is
complex cluster of behaviors that is
complex cluster of behaviors that is achieved despite no individual being
achieved despite no individual being
achieved despite no individual being responsible for it all
responsible for it all
responsible for it all food is collected and stored the hive is
food is collected and stored the hive is
food is collected and stored the hive is protected from intruders genetic
protected from intruders genetic
protected from intruders genetic diversity is introduced the key is
diversity is introduced the key is
diversity is introduced the key is specialization each individual does its
specialization each individual does its
specialization each individual does its own little part and the complexity
own little part and the complexity
own little part and the complexity emerges the same is true of people on
emerges the same is true of people on
emerges the same is true of people on our own none of us knows all that much
our own none of us knows all that much
our own none of us knows all that much we don’t have to we each have our own
we don’t have to we each have our own
we don’t have to we each have our own little slice of expertise and our minds
little slice of expertise and our minds
little slice of expertise and our minds are built to collaborate and to share
are built to collaborate and to share
are built to collaborate and to share knowledge which allows us to pursue
knowledge which allows us to pursue
knowledge which allows us to pursue incredibly complex goals when none of us
incredibly complex goals when none of us
incredibly complex goals when none of us has anything approaching the knowledge
has anything approaching the knowledge
has anything approaching the knowledge to understand it all this is the Milan
to understand it all this is the Milan
to understand it all this is the Milan Cathedral it’s one of humanity’s great
Cathedral it’s one of humanity’s great
Cathedral it’s one of humanity’s great works construction began in 1386 and the
works construction began in 1386 and the
works construction began in 1386 and the facade was completed get this under
facade was completed get this under
facade was completed get this under Napoleon in the 1800s it turns out that
Napoleon in the 1800s it turns out that
Napoleon in the 1800s it turns out that cathedrals have a punch list like a home
cathedrals have a punch list like a home
cathedrals have a punch list like a home renovation
renovation
renovation the punch list was completed when they
the punch list was completed when they
the punch list was completed when they consecrated the final date in the 1960s
consecrated the final date in the 1960s
consecrated the final date in the 1960s 600 years in that time there were 75
600 years in that time there were 75
600 years in that time there were 75 chief engineers responsible for the
chief engineers responsible for the
chief engineers responsible for the project and thousands upon thousands of
project and thousands upon thousands of
project and thousands upon thousands of people involved none of those people had
people involved none of those people had
people involved none of those people had anything remotely approaching the
anything remotely approaching the
anything remotely approaching the knowledge to understand it all not even
knowledge to understand it all not even
knowledge to understand it all not even close everything great we do as human
close everything great we do as human
close everything great we do as human beings depends on this ability to share
beings depends on this ability to share
beings depends on this ability to share knowledge and to collaborate so that’s
knowledge and to collaborate so that’s
knowledge and to collaborate so that’s the positive side of the knowledge
the positive side of the knowledge
the positive side of the knowledge Harry’s story when we put our minds
Harry’s story when we put our minds
Harry’s story when we put our minds together we can do incredible things but
together we can do incredible things but
together we can do incredible things but there’s also a dark side because we are
there’s also a dark side because we are
there’s also a dark side because we are built to so seamlessly draw on knowledge
built to so seamlessly draw on knowledge
built to so seamlessly draw on knowledge outside of our heads we often fail to
outside of our heads we often fail to
outside of our heads we often fail to realize the limits of our own
realize the limits of our own
realize the limits of our own understanding let me tell you about a
understanding let me tell you about a
understanding let me tell you about a study that my colleague Stephen Sloman
study that my colleague Stephen Sloman
study that my colleague Stephen Sloman recently ran he told his study
recently ran he told his study
recently ran he told his study participants about some new scientists
participants about some new scientists
participants about some new scientists scientific discovers that he completely
scientific discovers that he completely
scientific discovers that he completely made up for instance a kind of glowing
made up for instance a kind of glowing
made up for instance a kind of glowing rock he told one group of people that
rock he told one group of people that
rock he told one group of people that scientists had not yet explained why the
scientists had not yet explained why the
scientists had not yet explained why the rocks glow and then he asked them how
rocks glow and then he asked them how
rocks glow and then he asked them how well do you understand unsurprisingly
well do you understand unsurprisingly
well do you understand unsurprisingly they said they had no clue this makes
they said they had no clue this makes
they said they had no clue this makes perfect sense they knew nothing about
perfect sense they knew nothing about
perfect sense they knew nothing about the rocks the more surprising result is
the rocks the more surprising result is
the rocks the more surprising result is what happened when he told a different
what happened when he told a different
what happened when he told a different group of people about the same discovery
group of people about the same discovery
group of people about the same discovery but this time he told them that
but this time he told them that
but this time he told them that scientists had explained exactly how the
scientists had explained exactly how the
scientists had explained exactly how the rocks worked now
rocks worked now
rocks worked now the participants claimed to understand
the participants claimed to understand
the participants claimed to understand the rocks a little bit better themselves
the rocks a little bit better themselves
the rocks a little bit better themselves which is kind of weird because just like
which is kind of weird because just like
which is kind of weird because just like the other group they knew nothing about
the other group they knew nothing about
the other group they knew nothing about the rocks it was as if the scientists
the rocks it was as if the scientists
the rocks it was as if the scientists knowledge had been directly transmitted
knowledge had been directly transmitted
knowledge had been directly transmitted to them even though it was never
to them even though it was never
to them even though it was never described and it turns out that a
described and it turns out that a
described and it turns out that a similar thing happens when you surf the
similar thing happens when you surf the
similar thing happens when you surf the internet just having access to all of
internet just having access to all of
internet just having access to all of that information makes you feel like you
that information makes you feel like you
that information makes you feel like you know a lot more than you do the sense of
know a lot more than you do the sense of
know a lot more than you do the sense of understanding is contagious
understanding is contagious
understanding is contagious and when contagious understanding is
and when contagious understanding is
and when contagious understanding is paired with individual ignorance it can
paired with individual ignorance it can
paired with individual ignorance it can be a toxic recipe the danger is that I
be a toxic recipe the danger is that I
be a toxic recipe the danger is that I may express a strong belief because I
may express a strong belief because I
may express a strong belief because I feel like I understand but my sense of
feel like I understand but my sense of
feel like I understand but my sense of understanding is false it comes from
understanding is false it comes from
understanding is false it comes from those around me expressing strong
those around me expressing strong
those around me expressing strong beliefs because they feel like they
beliefs because they feel like they
beliefs because they feel like they understand but their sense of
understand but their sense of
understand but their sense of understanding comes from those around
understanding comes from those around
understanding comes from those around them and so on individually
them and so on individually
them and so on individually none of us knows enough to tell what’s
none of us knows enough to tell what’s
none of us knows enough to tell what’s true and what’s false and yet because we
true and what’s false and yet because we
true and what’s false and yet because we feel like we’re on firm ground we don’t
feel like we’re on firm ground we don’t
feel like we’re on firm ground we don’t do enough to verify and that is how
do enough to verify and that is how
do enough to verify and that is how entire groups of people can come to
entire groups of people can come to
entire groups of people can come to believe things that aren’t true we can
believe things that aren’t true we can
believe things that aren’t true we can build cathedrals but we can also build
build cathedrals but we can also build
build cathedrals but we can also build houses of cards now the real tragedy
houses of cards now the real tragedy
houses of cards now the real tragedy occurs in how we relate to people who
occurs in how we relate to people who
occurs in how we relate to people who have different beliefs than us we live
have different beliefs than us we live
have different beliefs than us we live in the illusion that we have arrived at
in the illusion that we have arrived at
in the illusion that we have arrived at our own positions via a serious analysis
our own positions via a serious analysis
our own positions via a serious analysis and that we can support and justify what
and that we can support and justify what
and that we can support and justify what we believe based on what we know
we believe based on what we know
we believe based on what we know therefore when someone doesn’t believe
therefore when someone doesn’t believe
therefore when someone doesn’t believe what we believe it’s obvious what the
what we believe it’s obvious what the
what we believe it’s obvious what the problem is they’re too stupid to see the
problem is they’re too stupid to see the
problem is they’re too stupid to see the truth and there’s actually a sense in
truth and there’s actually a sense in
truth and there’s actually a sense in which you’re right when you think that
which you’re right when you think that
which you’re right when you think that it’s true they did not arrive at their
it’s true they did not arrive at their
it’s true they did not arrive at their position via a rational process of
position via a rational process of
position via a rational process of evidence evaluation and they don’t
evidence evaluation and they don’t
evidence evaluation and they don’t understand the issue in depth but
understand the issue in depth but
understand the issue in depth but neither do you think about how we talk
neither do you think about how we talk
neither do you think about how we talk about a complex issue like health care
about a complex issue like health care
about a complex issue like health care if you’re a liberal the Affordable Care
if you’re a liberal the Affordable Care
if you’re a liberal the Affordable Care Act is the bee’s knees if you’re a
Act is the bee’s knees if you’re a
Act is the bee’s knees if you’re a conservative it’s destroying America but
conservative it’s destroying America but
conservative it’s destroying America but most of the time arguments about the
most of the time arguments about the
most of the time arguments about the policy’s merits amount to little more
policy’s merits amount to little more
policy’s merits amount to little more than repetition of sound bites that we
than repetition of sound bites that we
than repetition of sound bites that we heard from someone else as non experts
heard from someone else as non experts
heard from someone else as non experts we can’t possibly do justice to the
we can’t possibly do justice to the
we can’t possibly do justice to the complexity of an issue like that when we
complexity of an issue like that when we
complexity of an issue like that when we express our beliefs we are all just
express our beliefs we are all just
express our beliefs we are all just channeling our communities of knowledge
channeling our communities of knowledge
channeling our communities of knowledge that’s what we do
that’s what we do
that’s what we do knowledge is not in my head and it’s not
knowledge is not in my head and it’s not
knowledge is not in my head and it’s not in your head
in your head
in your head knowledge is shared and therefore the
knowledge is shared and therefore the
knowledge is shared and therefore the things that you really care about those
things that you really care about those
things that you really care about those things are shared too now the point is
things are shared too now the point is
things are shared too now the point is decidedly not that people are stupid
decidedly not that people are stupid
decidedly not that people are stupid it’s true we are all ignorant but that’s
it’s true we are all ignorant but that’s
it’s true we are all ignorant but that’s not something we should hide from the
not something we should hide from the
not something we should hide from the world is far too complex for any one of
world is far too complex for any one of
world is far too complex for any one of us to understand much of it what makes
us to understand much of it what makes
us to understand much of it what makes us special is the ability to thrive
us special is the ability to thrive
us special is the ability to thrive amidst that complexity by sharing
amidst that complexity by sharing
amidst that complexity by sharing knowledge from our individual ignorance
knowledge from our individual ignorance
knowledge from our individual ignorance can arise collective genius ignorance is
can arise collective genius ignorance is
can arise collective genius ignorance is a feature of the human mind not a bug
a feature of the human mind not a bug
a feature of the human mind not a bug but we don’t have to be so darn sure
but we don’t have to be so darn sure
but we don’t have to be so darn sure about things we don’t understand of
about things we don’t understand of
about things we don’t understand of course we have to take positions on
course we have to take positions on
course we have to take positions on issues without knowing everything about
issues without knowing everything about
issues without knowing everything about them
them
them and if we have good sources of expertise
and if we have good sources of expertise
and if we have good sources of expertise in our communities and a culture that
in our communities and a culture that
in our communities and a culture that values truth we’ll get things right more
values truth we’ll get things right more
values truth we’ll get things right more often than not but when we go through
often than not but when we go through
often than not but when we go through life feeling like we individually have
life feeling like we individually have
life feeling like we individually have it all figured out it can lead to a
it all figured out it can lead to a
it all figured out it can lead to a warped and simplistic view of the world
warped and simplistic view of the world
warped and simplistic view of the world my way is perfect
my way is perfect
my way is perfect yours is crazy or evil in reality most
yours is crazy or evil in reality most
yours is crazy or evil in reality most issues are complicated and most people
issues are complicated and most people
issues are complicated and most people have good intentions okay now the bad
have good intentions okay now the bad
have good intentions okay now the bad news we can’t eradicate false belief
news we can’t eradicate false belief
news we can’t eradicate false belief it’s too basic to the way that we think
it’s too basic to the way that we think
it’s too basic to the way that we think what we can do is practice a little more
what we can do is practice a little more
what we can do is practice a little more intellectual humility to open our minds
intellectual humility to open our minds
intellectual humility to open our minds to the possibility that some of those
to the possibility that some of those
to the possibility that some of those things some of those false beliefs
things some of those false beliefs
things some of those false beliefs probably reside in our own communities
probably reside in our own communities
probably reside in our own communities we have a tremendous opportunity an
we have a tremendous opportunity an
we have a tremendous opportunity an opportunity to improve the quality of
opportunity to improve the quality of
opportunity to improve the quality of our discourse by recognizing the limits
our discourse by recognizing the limits
our discourse by recognizing the limits of our understanding and by appreciating
of our understanding and by appreciating
of our understanding and by appreciating just how much of what we believe depends
just how much of what we believe depends
just how much of what we believe depends on those around us
on those around us
on those around us thank you
thank you
thank you [Applause]
”
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