[Music] [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] the last time I decided I was martyr
the last time I decided I was martyr
the last time I decided I was martyr than my doctor and thus prescribed
than my doctor and thus prescribed
than my doctor and thus prescribed myself an antibiotic treatment I ended
myself an antibiotic treatment I ended
myself an antibiotic treatment I ended up on a hospital bed with a terrible
up on a hospital bed with a terrible
up on a hospital bed with a terrible headache and uncontrollable stomachache
headache and uncontrollable stomachache
headache and uncontrollable stomachache and an intravenous drip on my forearm
and an intravenous drip on my forearm
and an intravenous drip on my forearm you idiot
you idiot
you idiot my mother said you practically destroyed
my mother said you practically destroyed
my mother said you practically destroyed all of your necessary life enabling
all of your necessary life enabling
all of your necessary life enabling bacteria as you can guess this
bacteria as you can guess this
bacteria as you can guess this observation was not unique to my mother
observation was not unique to my mother
observation was not unique to my mother and though inadvertently she summarized
and though inadvertently she summarized
and though inadvertently she summarized the two most important features of
the two most important features of
the two most important features of antibiotic overuse first it’s red
antibiotic overuse first it’s red
antibiotic overuse first it’s red dreadful comfort consequences for your
dreadful comfort consequences for your
dreadful comfort consequences for your health and second the fact that it is a
health and second the fact that it is a
health and second the fact that it is a social phenomenon antibiotics
social phenomenon antibiotics
social phenomenon antibiotics revolutionize medicine with their
revolutionize medicine with their
revolutionize medicine with their ability to radical pernicious bacteria
ability to radical pernicious bacteria
ability to radical pernicious bacteria from one’s body and plants cure
from one’s body and plants cure
from one’s body and plants cure infections
infections
infections nevertheless the misuse or overuse of
nevertheless the misuse or overuse of
nevertheless the misuse or overuse of these medications can lead to diseases
these medications can lead to diseases
these medications can lead to diseases such as the one described above or to
such as the one described above or to
such as the one described above or to the formation of superbugs that can
the formation of superbugs that can
the formation of superbugs that can withstand any antibiotic treatment
withstand any antibiotic treatment
withstand any antibiotic treatment apparently the solution to this issue is
apparently the solution to this issue is
apparently the solution to this issue is simple stop consuming antibiotics yet
simple stop consuming antibiotics yet
simple stop consuming antibiotics yet the lack of regulation and the social
the lack of regulation and the social
the lack of regulation and the social normalization of antibiotic use made a
normalization of antibiotic use made a
normalization of antibiotic use made a consumption of this medicine extensive I
consumption of this medicine extensive I
consumption of this medicine extensive I may eventually lead us to a miserable
may eventually lead us to a miserable
may eventually lead us to a miserable pre-antibiotic era if a country has a
pre-antibiotic era if a country has a
pre-antibiotic era if a country has a sufficient supply of antibiotics then it
sufficient supply of antibiotics then it
sufficient supply of antibiotics then it is probably struggling with the misuse
is probably struggling with the misuse
is probably struggling with the misuse of these drugs or has a set of laws that
of these drugs or has a set of laws that
of these drugs or has a set of laws that attempt to regulate their overuse these
attempt to regulate their overuse these
attempt to regulate their overuse these laws are often in existent or variant
laws are often in existent or variant
laws are often in existent or variant agree intrusiveness and quantity but a
agree intrusiveness and quantity but a
agree intrusiveness and quantity but a failure of Nations when it comes to
failure of Nations when it comes to
failure of Nations when it comes to limiting this behavior is a worldwide
limiting this behavior is a worldwide
limiting this behavior is a worldwide phenomenon for instance according to
phenomenon for instance according to
phenomenon for instance according to NCBI expert Levin Tola from 2000 to 2010
NCBI expert Levin Tola from 2000 to 2010
NCBI expert Levin Tola from 2000 to 2010 the world consumption of antibiotics
the world consumption of antibiotics
the world consumption of antibiotics increased by 35% certainly the support
increased by 35% certainly the support
increased by 35% certainly the support rent entails that countries around the
rent entails that countries around the
rent entails that countries around the world are not efficiently limiting the
world are not efficiently limiting the
world are not efficiently limiting the spread prescription and overuse of these
spread prescription and overuse of these
spread prescription and overuse of these medications
medications
medications however surprisingly 76% of this 35%
however surprisingly 76% of this 35%
however surprisingly 76% of this 35% increase can be attributed to five
increase can be attributed to five
increase can be attributed to five countries in particular Brazil Russia
countries in particular Brazil Russia
countries in particular Brazil Russia India China and South Africa which
India China and South Africa which
India China and South Africa which coincidentally also fulfilled the two
coincidentally also fulfilled the two
coincidentally also fulfilled the two requirements for a substantive overuse
requirements for a substantive overuse
requirements for a substantive overuse of antibiotics as of instance a
of antibiotics as of instance a
of antibiotics as of instance a sufficient supply and the
sufficient supply and the
sufficient supply and the over-the-counter beta of these drugs
over-the-counter beta of these drugs
over-the-counter beta of these drugs although this trend can be attributed to
although this trend can be attributed to
although this trend can be attributed to an improvement in healthcare access this
an improvement in healthcare access this
an improvement in healthcare access this explanation is not enough to account for
explanation is not enough to account for
explanation is not enough to account for this huge increment in simpler terms
this huge increment in simpler terms
this huge increment in simpler terms antibiotic misuse is more commonly
antibiotic misuse is more commonly
antibiotic misuse is more commonly associated with country to have flexible
associated with country to have flexible
associated with country to have flexible regulations for the purchase of this
regulations for the purchase of this
regulations for the purchase of this medicine in essence tackle the causation
medicine in essence tackle the causation
medicine in essence tackle the causation is straightforward the lack of
is straightforward the lack of
is straightforward the lack of boundaries in an area where limitations
boundaries in an area where limitations
boundaries in an area where limitations might be same disincentivize undesirable
might be same disincentivize undesirable
might be same disincentivize undesirable conducts encourages or facilitates the
conducts encourages or facilitates the
conducts encourages or facilitates the incorrect prescription of antibiotics
incorrect prescription of antibiotics
incorrect prescription of antibiotics the constant use of these drugs and the
the constant use of these drugs and the
the constant use of these drugs and the permissiveness of experts for example
permissiveness of experts for example
permissiveness of experts for example antibiotics are an over-the-counter drug
antibiotics are an over-the-counter drug
antibiotics are an over-the-counter drug in Colombia does the lack of regulation
in Colombia does the lack of regulation
in Colombia does the lack of regulation has the to rising cost for the Colombian
has the to rising cost for the Colombian
has the to rising cost for the Colombian government which currently placed two
government which currently placed two
government which currently placed two hundred and forty two billion dollars in
hundred and forty two billion dollars in
hundred and forty two billion dollars in a type of antibiotic overuse cases for
a type of antibiotic overuse cases for
a type of antibiotic overuse cases for its subsidised citizens for this example
its subsidised citizens for this example
its subsidised citizens for this example it is crucial to note that an increase
it is crucial to note that an increase
it is crucial to note that an increase in subsidized medical costs implies an
in subsidized medical costs implies an
in subsidized medical costs implies an increasing number of antibiotic overuse
increasing number of antibiotic overuse
increasing number of antibiotic overuse cases and therefore subject suggests
cases and therefore subject suggests
cases and therefore subject suggests that minimal regulations lead to the
that minimal regulations lead to the
that minimal regulations lead to the overuse of these medications since laws
overuse of these medications since laws
overuse of these medications since laws are created as a response to
are created as a response to
are created as a response to pre-existing social conditions the
pre-existing social conditions the
pre-existing social conditions the regulations the regulations that limit
regulations the regulations that limit
regulations the regulations that limit the consumption of antibiotics must be
the consumption of antibiotics must be
the consumption of antibiotics must be attempting to offset the social factors
attempting to offset the social factors
attempting to offset the social factors that cause this issue then what are the
that cause this issue then what are the
that cause this issue then what are the social factors that lead to this
social factors that lead to this
social factors that lead to this phenomenon negative externalities
phenomenon negative externalities
phenomenon negative externalities doctor-patient relationships and pig
doctor-patient relationships and pig
doctor-patient relationships and pig neurons are the three risk factors that
neurons are the three risk factors that
neurons are the three risk factors that are normalizing and proliferating the
are normalizing and proliferating the
are normalizing and proliferating the use of antibiotics
use of antibiotics
use of antibiotics an externality is a consequence that is
an externality is a consequence that is
an externality is a consequence that is produced by someone who does not receive
produced by someone who does not receive
produced by someone who does not receive that direct impacts of the action in
that direct impacts of the action in
that direct impacts of the action in effect the reconstruction antibiotics
effect the reconstruction antibiotics
effect the reconstruction antibiotics can be considered an externality which
can be considered an externality which
can be considered an externality which doctors and patients are willing to
doctors and patients are willing to
doctors and patients are willing to undertake because as the McDonald norms
undertake because as the McDonald norms
undertake because as the McDonald norms group points out the action an
group points out the action an
group points out the action an undesirable consequence are so widely
undesirable consequence are so widely
undesirable consequence are so widely separated in time that the relationship
separated in time that the relationship
separated in time that the relationship is unrecognized or not knowledged
is unrecognized or not knowledged
is unrecognized or not knowledged nonetheless this recklessness and
nonetheless this recklessness and
nonetheless this recklessness and carelessness that allows individuals to
carelessness that allows individuals to
carelessness that allows individuals to undermine the health of the overall
undermine the health of the overall
undermine the health of the overall society has a major route in a less
society has a major route in a less
society has a major route in a less economic concept ignorant or lack of
economic concept ignorant or lack of
economic concept ignorant or lack of awareness the question is how can
awareness the question is how can
awareness the question is how can individuals be expected to suppress
individuals be expected to suppress
individuals be expected to suppress their self-interest when they ignore the
their self-interest when they ignore the
their self-interest when they ignore the basic implications of the matter in
basic implications of the matter in
basic implications of the matter in other words if someone does not know
other words if someone does not know
other words if someone does not know that the misuse of antibiotics may lead
that the misuse of antibiotics may lead
that the misuse of antibiotics may lead to superbugs or harmful disease then she
to superbugs or harmful disease then she
to superbugs or harmful disease then she will properly guide her decision on her
will properly guide her decision on her
will properly guide her decision on her self-interest and the almost folkloric
self-interest and the almost folkloric
self-interest and the almost folkloric belief that antibiotics can cure
belief that antibiotics can cure
belief that antibiotics can cure anything now for antibiotic in frantic
anything now for antibiotic in frantic
anything now for antibiotic in frantic work ignorance to be a trend a
work ignorance to be a trend a
work ignorance to be a trend a significant portion of the population
significant portion of the population
significant portion of the population has to suffer it according to a survey
has to suffer it according to a survey
has to suffer it according to a survey we conducted with the students of polio
we conducted with the students of polio
we conducted with the students of polio volleyer
volleyer
volleyer 55% of the people surveyed did not know
55% of the people surveyed did not know
55% of the people surveyed did not know the possible consequences of antibiotic
the possible consequences of antibiotic
the possible consequences of antibiotic overuse despite the small sample size
overuse despite the small sample size
overuse despite the small sample size and the probable measuring errors this
and the probable measuring errors this
and the probable measuring errors this number is still relevant enough to
number is still relevant enough to
number is still relevant enough to suggest that there is a relative
suggest that there is a relative
suggest that there is a relative ignorance in the population with regards
ignorance in the population with regards
ignorance in the population with regards to the effects of this phenomenon hence
to the effects of this phenomenon hence
to the effects of this phenomenon hence the ignorance evinced by the present
the ignorance evinced by the present
the ignorance evinced by the present American cure anything can be classified
American cure anything can be classified
American cure anything can be classified as a possible cause for the
as a possible cause for the
as a possible cause for the normalization of antibiotic
normalization of antibiotic
normalization of antibiotic overconsumption
overconsumption
overconsumption ultimately the incentive scheme
ultimately the incentive scheme
ultimately the incentive scheme involving the doctor-patient
involving the doctor-patient
involving the doctor-patient relationship is creating a situation in
relationship is creating a situation in
relationship is creating a situation in which inappropriate prescribing has
which inappropriate prescribing has
which inappropriate prescribing has become the norm in short the
become the norm in short the
become the norm in short the doctor-patient relationship because it’s
doctor-patient relationship because it’s
doctor-patient relationship because it’s of a trade-off where the doctor is if
of a trade-off where the doctor is if
of a trade-off where the doctor is if recognition and the patient perceives he
recognition and the patient perceives he
recognition and the patient perceives he was adequately treated
was adequately treated
was adequately treated this trade-off encourages antibiotic
this trade-off encourages antibiotic
this trade-off encourages antibiotic prescription because we disciplined the
prescription because we disciplined the
prescription because we disciplined the patient concludes who concludes his his
patient concludes who concludes his his
patient concludes who concludes his his sickness has been acknowledged and is
sickness has been acknowledged and is
sickness has been acknowledged and is being treated and does the doctor
being treated and does the doctor
being treated and does the doctor ensures that his work is appreciated
ensures that his work is appreciated
ensures that his work is appreciated sadly these social norms that often
sadly these social norms that often
sadly these social norms that often yield favorable relations are creating
yield favorable relations are creating
yield favorable relations are creating in this context a detrimental precedent
in this context a detrimental precedent
in this context a detrimental precedent that normalizes antibiotic consumption
that normalizes antibiotic consumption
that normalizes antibiotic consumption by portraying it as routine like in some
by portraying it as routine like in some
by portraying it as routine like in some although these societal factors converge
although these societal factors converge
although these societal factors converge into one ever growing snowball of
into one ever growing snowball of
into one ever growing snowball of antibiotic overuse which in turn
antibiotic overuse which in turn
antibiotic overuse which in turn produces drug-resistant bacteria at a
produces drug-resistant bacteria at a
produces drug-resistant bacteria at a faster rate since ordinary bacteria
faster rate since ordinary bacteria
faster rate since ordinary bacteria season there are ordinary antibiotics
season there are ordinary antibiotics
season there are ordinary antibiotics eliminate ordinary bacteria but not
eliminate ordinary bacteria but not
eliminate ordinary bacteria but not super pac’s the overuse of this
super pac’s the overuse of this
super pac’s the overuse of this medication enables the latter to survive
medication enables the latter to survive
medication enables the latter to survive and pass it’s drug resistant genes to
and pass it’s drug resistant genes to
and pass it’s drug resistant genes to its offspring and fourth permitting them
its offspring and fourth permitting them
its offspring and fourth permitting them to multiply the kind altum Utley
to multiply the kind altum Utley
to multiply the kind altum Utley unfortunately this natural selection
unfortunately this natural selection
unfortunately this natural selection process is exacerbated as the number of
process is exacerbated as the number of
process is exacerbated as the number of reckless consumers increases likewise it
reckless consumers increases likewise it
reckless consumers increases likewise it is important to understand that
is important to understand that
is important to understand that resistance is also developed naturally
resistance is also developed naturally
resistance is also developed naturally in fact microbes effortlessly evolve and
in fact microbes effortlessly evolve and
in fact microbes effortlessly evolve and adapt to their environment the total
adapt to their environment the total
adapt to their environment the total total due to their genetic plasticity
total due to their genetic plasticity
total due to their genetic plasticity and rapid replication it takes factory a
and rapid replication it takes factory a
and rapid replication it takes factory a 20 to 30 minutes to replicate this
20 to 30 minutes to replicate this
20 to 30 minutes to replicate this ability makes makes it easy for microbes
ability makes makes it easy for microbes
ability makes makes it easy for microbes to whip off and become each time more
to whip off and become each time more
to whip off and become each time more resistant moreover when scientists leave
resistant moreover when scientists leave
resistant moreover when scientists leave intolerance antibiotic development is no
intolerance antibiotic development is no
intolerance antibiotic development is no longer considered to be an economically
longer considered to be an economically
longer considered to be an economically wise investment for the pharmaceutical
wise investment for the pharmaceutical
wise investment for the pharmaceutical industry he is simply listing a fact
industry he is simply listing a fact
industry he is simply listing a fact that the Spiritist companies from
that the Spiritist companies from
that the Spiritist companies from creating new more effective antibiotics
creating new more effective antibiotics
creating new more effective antibiotics the data from the Center for Disease
the data from the Center for Disease
the data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrates that
Control and Prevention demonstrates that
Control and Prevention demonstrates that the number of antibiotics created and
the number of antibiotics created and
the number of antibiotics created and approved in the US has decreased from 33
approved in the US has decreased from 33
approved in the US has decreased from 33 approvals between 1985 and 2000 to just
approvals between 1985 and 2000 to just
approvals between 1985 and 2000 to just 13 bit approvals between 2000 and 2014
13 bit approvals between 2000 and 2014
13 bit approvals between 2000 and 2014 therefore the increasing misuse of
therefore the increasing misuse of
therefore the increasing misuse of antibiotics and the decreasing phase
antibiotics and the decreasing phase
antibiotics and the decreasing phase antibiotics that cannot set a resistance
antibiotics that cannot set a resistance
antibiotics that cannot set a resistance crisis are creating a perfect storm
crisis are creating a perfect storm
crisis are creating a perfect storm which dr. BOTS bulwark asserts can mean
which dr. BOTS bulwark asserts can mean
which dr. BOTS bulwark asserts can mean a literal return to the priyanka bi
a literal return to the priyanka bi
a literal return to the priyanka bi priyanka very Kara for many types of
priyanka very Kara for many types of
priyanka very Kara for many types of infections although some experts may be
infections although some experts may be
infections although some experts may be right
right
right when criticizing this conclusion as an
when criticizing this conclusion as an
when criticizing this conclusion as an unrealistic doomsday scenario they
unrealistic doomsday scenario they
unrealistic doomsday scenario they cannot deny that they’re resistant
cannot deny that they’re resistant
cannot deny that they’re resistant prices cannot offsetting implications
prices cannot offsetting implications
prices cannot offsetting implications for modern medicine if the social and
for modern medicine if the social and
for modern medicine if the social and pharmaceutical response to this issue
pharmaceutical response to this issue
pharmaceutical response to this issue continues to be postponed then in a few
continues to be postponed then in a few
continues to be postponed then in a few years the medical field might face an
years the medical field might face an
years the medical field might face an ever growing number of cases that cannot
ever growing number of cases that cannot
ever growing number of cases that cannot be treated with a current spectrum of
be treated with a current spectrum of
be treated with a current spectrum of antibiotics or might have to deal with a
antibiotics or might have to deal with a
antibiotics or might have to deal with a cyclical multiplier effect in which the
cyclical multiplier effect in which the
cyclical multiplier effect in which the use of antibiotics cannot be halted and
use of antibiotics cannot be halted and
use of antibiotics cannot be halted and does superbugs continued to evolve in
does superbugs continued to evolve in
does superbugs continued to evolve in conclusion the anecdote from the
conclusion the anecdote from the
conclusion the anecdote from the beginning is not attempt to cosmetically
beginning is not attempt to cosmetically
beginning is not attempt to cosmetically captured the attention of the reader but
captured the attention of the reader but
captured the attention of the reader but a true example where society where
a true example where society where
a true example where society where societal forces and the lean issue of
societal forces and the lean issue of
societal forces and the lean issue of the law converge to express themselves
the law converge to express themselves
the law converge to express themselves as the oricon structure of antibiotics
as the oricon structure of antibiotics
as the oricon structure of antibiotics this example is the equivalent of one
this example is the equivalent of one
this example is the equivalent of one drop of water in the world’s oceans
drop of water in the world’s oceans
drop of water in the world’s oceans since there are millions and millions of
since there are millions and millions of
since there are millions and millions of similar cases which combine to produce
similar cases which combine to produce
similar cases which combine to produce drug-resistant bacteria that threaten
drug-resistant bacteria that threaten
drug-resistant bacteria that threaten our return to a pre-antibiotic era the
our return to a pre-antibiotic era the
our return to a pre-antibiotic era the fact a scientist considered a previous
fact a scientist considered a previous
fact a scientist considered a previous sentence to be a possibility should be
sentence to be a possibility should be
sentence to be a possibility should be enough to instigate a response that
enough to instigate a response that
enough to instigate a response that attempts to counter antibiotic
attempts to counter antibiotic
attempts to counter antibiotic resistance the reaction has been ignored
resistance the reaction has been ignored
resistance the reaction has been ignored the solution to this issue should be a
the solution to this issue should be a
the solution to this issue should be a burden of the collective not just an
burden of the collective not just an
burden of the collective not just an obligation of scientists and ladies
obligation of scientists and ladies
obligation of scientists and ladies ladies Labor’s the solution to this
ladies Labor’s the solution to this
ladies Labor’s the solution to this issue lies in the hands of every patient
issue lies in the hands of every patient
issue lies in the hands of every patient and doctor who breaks the cycle of
and doctor who breaks the cycle of
and doctor who breaks the cycle of overconsumption the solution of this
overconsumption the solution of this
overconsumption the solution of this issue must be based on encouraging
issue must be based on encouraging
issue must be based on encouraging self-control and awareness the solution
self-control and awareness the solution
self-control and awareness the solution of this issue is conceivable and must be
of this issue is conceivable and must be
of this issue is conceivable and must be certain motion right now thank
certain motion right now thank
certain motion right now thank [Applause]
”
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