okay last one but not least so what I want to talk about today is diversity so
want to talk about today is diversity so
want to talk about today is diversity so what is the significance of the labels
what is the significance of the labels
what is the significance of the labels that we put on ourselves what is the
that we put on ourselves what is the
that we put on ourselves what is the significance of the labels that are put
significance of the labels that are put
significance of the labels that are put on us from society do they have a
on us from society do they have a
on us from society do they have a relationship to us in that society and
relationship to us in that society and
relationship to us in that society and also from my perspective does it have a
also from my perspective does it have a
also from my perspective does it have a relationship to us in health and
relationship to us in health and
relationship to us in health and wellness or illness so things like
wellness or illness so things like
wellness or illness so things like gender male female transgender are we
gender male female transgender are we
gender male female transgender are we African American Latino Asian Caucasian
African American Latino Asian Caucasian
African American Latino Asian Caucasian are we single not man single are we
are we single not man single are we
are we single not man single are we married or with a partner a read avoid
married or with a partner a read avoid
married or with a partner a read avoid or widowed are we straight or
or widowed are we straight or
or widowed are we straight or heterosexual are we gay or lesbian or
heterosexual are we gay or lesbian or
heterosexual are we gay or lesbian or bisexual or any of the other sexual
bisexual or any of the other sexual
bisexual or any of the other sexual minorities are we Muslim are we Jews are
minorities are we Muslim are we Jews are
minorities are we Muslim are we Jews are we Christians or Hindus re Buddhists I
we Christians or Hindus re Buddhists I
we Christians or Hindus re Buddhists I speak English
speak English
speak English yo hablo espanol llamo v Papas ku mana
yo hablo espanol llamo v Papas ku mana
yo hablo espanol llamo v Papas ku mana poly vulture or have we been
poly vulture or have we been
poly vulture or have we been incarcerated or are we current currently
incarcerated or are we current currently
incarcerated or are we current currently in prison
in prison
in prison are we foreign-born are we american-born
are we foreign-born are we american-born
are we foreign-born are we american-born these are just a few of the many labels
these are just a few of the many labels
these are just a few of the many labels that are put on us by society but then
that are put on us by society but then
that are put on us by society but then we also label ourselves some of them are
we also label ourselves some of them are
we also label ourselves some of them are very easy and well-defined you’re either
very easy and well-defined you’re either
very easy and well-defined you’re either married partnered or you’re not or you
married partnered or you’re not or you
married partnered or you’re not or you were born in the u.s. you or not but
were born in the u.s. you or not but
were born in the u.s. you or not but things like race and even spiritual
things like race and even spiritual
things like race and even spiritual connection and religion there’s some you
connection and religion there’s some you
connection and religion there’s some you know there’s some kind of subjectivity
know there’s some kind of subjectivity
know there’s some kind of subjectivity to that and these issues really became
to that and these issues really became
to that and these issues really became an interest of mine so I’m an infectious
an interest of mine so I’m an infectious
an interest of mine so I’m an infectious disease specialist I take care of people
disease specialist I take care of people
disease specialist I take care of people living with HIV as a focus and I got
living with HIV as a focus and I got
living with HIV as a focus and I got interested in working with marginalized
interested in working with marginalized
interested in working with marginalized and underserved populations of people so
and underserved populations of people so
and underserved populations of people so you may say well what’s that really mean
you may say well what’s that really mean
you may say well what’s that really mean so these are populations of people that
so these are populations of people that
so these are populations of people that have problems accessing medical care in
have problems accessing medical care in
have problems accessing medical care in our society either because of the
our society either because of the
our society either because of the medical system or because or they are
medical system or because or they are
medical system or because or they are able to engage with healthcare but they
able to engage with healthcare but they
able to engage with healthcare but they can’t follow because of lots of problems
can’t follow because of lots of problems
can’t follow because of lots of problems so they come to the doctor once and then
so they come to the doctor once and then
so they come to the doctor once and then they disappear we can’t figure out where
they disappear we can’t figure out where
they disappear we can’t figure out where they are and so they don’t benefit from
they are and so they don’t benefit from
they are and so they don’t benefit from the health care service and and for
the health care service and and for
the health care service and and for their health and a lot of times the
their health and a lot of times the
their health and a lot of times the challenges are bilateral the patient’s
challenges are bilateral the patient’s
challenges are bilateral the patient’s face many barriers there are lots of
face many barriers there are lots of
face many barriers there are lots of issues there’s other things going on in
issues there’s other things going on in
issues there’s other things going on in their lives it’s difficult for them but
their lives it’s difficult for them but
their lives it’s difficult for them but a lot of the times the deficiency is in
a lot of the times the deficiency is in
a lot of the times the deficiency is in us the deficiency is in the healthcare
us the deficiency is in the healthcare
us the deficiency is in the healthcare system and many times the healthcare
system and many times the healthcare
system and many times the healthcare system actually places active barriers
system actually places active barriers
system actually places active barriers to prevent certain populations of people
to prevent certain populations of people
to prevent certain populations of people from accessing medical care these types
from accessing medical care these types
from accessing medical care these types of issues really became central to us
of issues really became central to us
of issues really became central to us some of my interests you may ask well
some of my interests you may ask well
some of my interests you may ask well what are different examples of these
what are different examples of these
what are different examples of these populations so I’ve worked in different
populations so I’ve worked in different
populations so I’ve worked in different countries and I work I work in urban
countries and I work I work in urban
countries and I work I work in urban settings here in Chicago so it’s a bit
settings here in Chicago so it’s a bit
settings here in Chicago so it’s a bit different but they may be racial ethnic
different but they may be racial ethnic
different but they may be racial ethnic caste minorities they mean maybe non
caste minorities they mean maybe non
caste minorities they mean maybe non English or non majority speaking
English or non majority speaking
English or non majority speaking populations they may be win women
populations they may be win women
populations they may be win women because of gender inequality they may be
because of gender inequality they may be
because of gender inequality they may be people who struggle with substance use
people who struggle with substance use
people who struggle with substance use mental health issues people that are
mental health issues people that are
mental health issues people that are homeless people that are from LGBT
homeless people that are from LGBT
homeless people that are from LGBT populations so there’s many different
populations so there’s many different
populations so there’s many different ways that you can look at these issues
ways that you can look at these issues
ways that you can look at these issues but the reality is that these identities
but the reality is that these identities
but the reality is that these identities do have links to your health and illness
do have links to your health and illness
do have links to your health and illness that are very real so let me take you
that are very real so let me take you
that are very real so let me take you back in time to the 1990s or so around
back in time to the 1990s or so around
back in time to the 1990s or so around 1995 1996 in a small suburb of a small
1995 1996 in a small suburb of a small
1995 1996 in a small suburb of a small city in Pennsylvania it’s a very
city in Pennsylvania it’s a very
city in Pennsylvania it’s a very homogeneous place so it’s all white it’s
homogeneous place so it’s all white it’s
homogeneous place so it’s all white it’s all middle-class it’s all Christian
all middle-class it’s all Christian
all middle-class it’s all Christian maybe there is one person of color and
maybe there is one person of color and
maybe there is one person of color and every year or every other year in the
every year or every other year in the
every year or every other year in the local high school there’s very few
local high school there’s very few
local high school there’s very few non-christians and there’s really no
non-christians and there’s really no
non-christians and there’s really no openly LGBT people although there’s a
openly LGBT people although there’s a
openly LGBT people although there’s a lot of gossiping going on in the school
lot of gossiping going on in the school
lot of gossiping going on in the school about different teachers and people but
about different teachers and people but
about different teachers and people but there’s nobody who’s really out there
there’s nobody who’s really out there
there’s nobody who’s really out there that’s open about it this is the place
that’s open about it this is the place
that’s open about it this is the place where I grew up so one of the things I
where I grew up so one of the things I
where I grew up so one of the things I remember the most about my child what
remember the most about my child what
remember the most about my child what kind of my high school and middle school
kind of my high school and middle school
kind of my high school and middle school was I played sports and so we would take
was I played sports and so we would take
was I played sports and so we would take trips to these games for an hour to sit
trips to these games for an hour to sit
trips to these games for an hour to sit on a bus you know talk about whatever
on a bus you know talk about whatever
on a bus you know talk about whatever you know sixteen-year-olds talked about
you know sixteen-year-olds talked about
you know sixteen-year-olds talked about and a lot of times we face teams that
and a lot of times we face teams that
and a lot of times we face teams that were from different backgrounds some
were from different backgrounds some
were from different backgrounds some that were in from urban settings in in
that were in from urban settings in in
that were in from urban settings in in the area that we were in and so they
the area that we were in and so they
the area that we were in and so they were different than us and I remember
were different than us and I remember
were different than us and I remember distinctly words that came up words that
distinctly words that came up words that
distinctly words that came up words that were used basically derogatory worms
were used basically derogatory worms
were used basically derogatory worms racist terms things I’m not going to
racist terms things I’m not going to
racist terms things I’m not going to repeat but you can probably imagine what
repeat but you can probably imagine what
repeat but you can probably imagine what they are and you know for some people
they are and you know for some people
they are and you know for some people those words came very easily but for
those words came very easily but for
those words came very easily but for other people they just allowed them to
other people they just allowed them to
other people they just allowed them to be spoken and I think that in the
be spoken and I think that in the
be spoken and I think that in the context of my community is very easy for
context of my community is very easy for
context of my community is very easy for us to not say anything and to label that
us to not say anything and to label that
us to not say anything and to label that other people as others
other people as others
other people as others so anybody different than us because
so anybody different than us because
so anybody different than us because really we had no relationship with
really we had no relationship with
really we had no relationship with people that were different from us we
people that were different from us we
people that were different from us we didn’t understand what’s going on and
didn’t understand what’s going on and
didn’t understand what’s going on and they weren’t like kind of real to us we
they weren’t like kind of real to us we
they weren’t like kind of real to us we didn’t really have any way to really
didn’t really have any way to really
didn’t really have any way to really relate to them and so it’s easy for us
relate to them and so it’s easy for us
relate to them and so it’s easy for us to do that so after I went to school I
to do that so after I went to school I
to do that so after I went to school I went to college where one distribution
went to college where one distribution
went to college where one distribution class so like a kind of we call like
class so like a kind of we call like
class so like a kind of we call like it’s kind of like a required
it’s kind of like a required
it’s kind of like a required distribution class which ended up being
distribution class which ended up being
distribution class which ended up being in Hinduism became an entire major in
in Hinduism became an entire major in
in Hinduism became an entire major in the religions of the Indian subcontinent
the religions of the Indian subcontinent
the religions of the Indian subcontinent and by the way biology because I did end
and by the way biology because I did end
and by the way biology because I did end up going to medical school eventually
up going to medical school eventually
up going to medical school eventually and so this was something I really knew
and so this was something I really knew
and so this was something I really knew nothing about except for maybe this guy
nothing about except for maybe this guy
nothing about except for maybe this guy do you guys remember him so Simpsons
do you guys remember him so Simpsons
do you guys remember him so Simpsons were very popular to me when I was
were very popular to me when I was
were very popular to me when I was growing up and this is basically what I
growing up and this is basically what I
growing up and this is basically what I knew about India in that part of the
knew about India in that part of the
knew about India in that part of the world if you don’t remember him he’s a
world if you don’t remember him he’s a
world if you don’t remember him he’s a poo he’s the kind of stereotypical
poo he’s the kind of stereotypical
poo he’s the kind of stereotypical Indian immigrant who owns the
Indian immigrant who owns the
Indian immigrant who owns the kwik-e-mart in Springfield in the
kwik-e-mart in Springfield in the
kwik-e-mart in Springfield in the Simpsons so that’s a whole discussion
Simpsons so that’s a whole discussion
Simpsons so that’s a whole discussion about what that means is that good that
about what that means is that good that
about what that means is that good that I knew something or is it not great that
I knew something or is it not great that
I knew something or is it not great that that’s what I thought it was but to to
that’s what I thought it was but to to
that’s what I thought it was but to to kind of summarize it I didn’t know very
kind of summarize it I didn’t know very
kind of summarize it I didn’t know very much so I learned a lot not just because
much so I learned a lot not just because
much so I learned a lot not just because it was religion it was kind of a very
it was religion it was kind of a very
it was religion it was kind of a very different thing than the sciences but
different thing than the sciences but
different thing than the sciences but also I learned a lot about culture and
also I learned a lot about culture and
also I learned a lot about culture and history of a place I really didn’t know
history of a place I really didn’t know
history of a place I really didn’t know anything about so I went to college then
anything about so I went to college then
anything about so I went to college then I went to medical school here in Chicago
I went to medical school here in Chicago
I went to medical school here in Chicago so I went to a
so I went to a
so I went to a came to a very diverse city was exposed
came to a very diverse city was exposed
came to a very diverse city was exposed to more diversity then went to India for
to more diversity then went to India for
to more diversity then went to India for the first time out of the first trip out
the first time out of the first trip out
the first time out of the first trip out of country then to Bolivia then to India
of country then to Bolivia then to India
of country then to Bolivia then to India again then to Namibia and southern
again then to Namibia and southern
again then to Namibia and southern Africa and then after I finished my
Africa and then after I finished my
Africa and then after I finished my infectious disease training I went to
infectious disease training I went to
infectious disease training I went to Nepal where I lived for three years and
Nepal where I lived for three years and
Nepal where I lived for three years and my focus there was taking care of people
my focus there was taking care of people
my focus there was taking care of people living with HIV in Nepal I experienced
living with HIV in Nepal I experienced
living with HIV in Nepal I experienced in my face very clearly what social
in my face very clearly what social
in my face very clearly what social marginalization was in a way that I had
marginalization was in a way that I had
marginalization was in a way that I had no concept of because of where I came
no concept of because of where I came
no concept of because of where I came from and who I was I saw people living
from and who I was I saw people living
from and who I was I saw people living with HIV be completely socially isolated
with HIV be completely socially isolated
with HIV be completely socially isolated subject his discriminate Okin
subject his discriminate Okin
subject his discriminate Okin discrimination in every aspect of their
discrimination in every aspect of their
discrimination in every aspect of their life kicked out of their village kicked
life kicked out of their village kicked
life kicked out of their village kicked out of their house lost their job
out of their house lost their job
out of their house lost their job doctors won’t touch them take care of
doctors won’t touch them take care of
doctors won’t touch them take care of them
them
them violence against them and then just very
violence against them and then just very
violence against them and then just very poor access to medical care and the
poor access to medical care and the
poor access to medical care and the thing that one of the things that was so
thing that one of the things that was so
thing that one of the things that was so offensive to me was that health care
offensive to me was that health care
offensive to me was that health care workers who were supposedly the most
workers who were supposedly the most
workers who were supposedly the most educated people in society sometimes or
educated people in society sometimes or
educated people in society sometimes or at least heavily educated in terms of
at least heavily educated in terms of
at least heavily educated in terms of schooling maybe were no different
schooling maybe were no different
schooling maybe were no different physicians would send them away
physicians would send them away
physicians would send them away we don’t take patients like you go to
we don’t take patients like you go to
we don’t take patients like you go to this hospital nurses wouldn’t take blood
this hospital nurses wouldn’t take blood
this hospital nurses wouldn’t take blood from them they wouldn’t touch them and
from them they wouldn’t touch them and
from them they wouldn’t touch them and it was very unfortunate because because
it was very unfortunate because because
it was very unfortunate because because of the chronic neglect both from the
of the chronic neglect both from the
of the chronic neglect both from the social and cultural aspect but also from
social and cultural aspect but also from
social and cultural aspect but also from the medical system many of the patients
the medical system many of the patients
the medical system many of the patients became what came to us were so advanced
became what came to us were so advanced
became what came to us were so advanced in their disease when really what we
in their disease when really what we
in their disease when really what we could do for them was treat them like a
could do for them was treat them like a
could do for them was treat them like a human being
human being
human being and nobody did and this kind of
and nobody did and this kind of
and nobody did and this kind of environment really showed me what this
environment really showed me what this
environment really showed me what this kind of marginalization could really be
kind of marginalization could really be
kind of marginalization could really be and it was very hard for me because I
and it was very hard for me because I
and it was very hard for me because I was never confronted with that and I
was never confronted with that and I
was never confronted with that and I felt alone because everyone else kind of
felt alone because everyone else kind of
felt alone because everyone else kind of did it there weren’t very many people
did it there weren’t very many people
did it there weren’t very many people where that were champions for this
where that were champions for this
where that were champions for this population of patients and it was very
population of patients and it was very
population of patients and it was very frustrating and and discouraging and
frustrating and and discouraging and
frustrating and and discouraging and some of the young people here may say
some of the young people here may say
some of the young people here may say well how is this possible like we’re
well how is this possible like we’re
well how is this possible like we’re it’s 2017 how can people be acting like
it’s 2017 how can people be acting like
it’s 2017 how can people be acting like this in this day and age HIV is not that
this in this day and age HIV is not that
this in this day and age HIV is not that big of a deal but those of you that are
big of a deal but those of you that are
big of a deal but those of you that are older
older
older you that that exact same thing happened
you that that exact same thing happened
you that that exact same thing happened here in the 1990s and only after law and
here in the 1990s and only after law and
here in the 1990s and only after law and a lot of activism and other things in
a lot of activism and other things in
a lot of activism and other things in our society here have things changed
our society here have things changed
our society here have things changed kind of because what I’ll tell you is
kind of because what I’ll tell you is
kind of because what I’ll tell you is that it still exists here I still take
that it still exists here I still take
that it still exists here I still take care of patients who face this issue
care of patients who face this issue
care of patients who face this issue it’s not in your face because it’s
it’s not in your face because it’s
it’s not in your face because it’s illegal but physicians will refer them
illegal but physicians will refer them
illegal but physicians will refer them to other people
to other people
to other people for services which they could provide
for services which they could provide
for services which they could provide but they don’t under the guise of kind
but they don’t under the guise of kind
but they don’t under the guise of kind of a referral to another professional so
of a referral to another professional so
of a referral to another professional so those types of issues happen and in fact
those types of issues happen and in fact
those types of issues happen and in fact in 2013 there were two cases seen by the
in 2013 there were two cases seen by the
in 2013 there were two cases seen by the Department of Justice about patients in
Department of Justice about patients in
Department of Justice about patients in the United States who were refused
the United States who were refused
the United States who were refused healthcare one doctor actually the
healthcare one doctor actually the
healthcare one doctor actually the patient said the doctor actually said to
patient said the doctor actually said to
patient said the doctor actually said to them I don’t take care of patients like
them I don’t take care of patients like
them I don’t take care of patients like you so this still exists and so you
you so this still exists and so you
you so this still exists and so you don’t have to go to some other place but
don’t have to go to some other place but
don’t have to go to some other place but it’s actually something that we see and
it’s actually something that we see and
it’s actually something that we see and to me HIV was kind of a form an
to me HIV was kind of a form an
to me HIV was kind of a form an expression of a type of identity that
expression of a type of identity that
expression of a type of identity that the patient had sure there’s medical
the patient had sure there’s medical
the patient had sure there’s medical issues they have a positive antibody
issues they have a positive antibody
issues they have a positive antibody test of a la blah blah blah blah but
test of a la blah blah blah blah but
test of a la blah blah blah blah but within the context of society there were
within the context of society there were
within the context of society there were implications of being HIV positive that
implications of being HIV positive that
implications of being HIV positive that affected them just like there was
affected them just like there was
affected them just like there was aspects of them being Dalit or an
aspects of them being Dalit or an
aspects of them being Dalit or an untouchable or being in a non Nepali
untouchable or being in a non Nepali
untouchable or being in a non Nepali speaking language person or a woman or a
speaking language person or a woman or a
speaking language person or a woman or a transgender so to me I saw kind of in
transgender so to me I saw kind of in
transgender so to me I saw kind of in that way and I wanted to just take a
that way and I wanted to just take a
that way and I wanted to just take a second to explain it in this way so this
second to explain it in this way so this
second to explain it in this way so this is an example of how HIV stigma affects
is an example of how HIV stigma affects
is an example of how HIV stigma affects people living with HIV anywhere and I
people living with HIV anywhere and I
people living with HIV anywhere and I wanted to explain it because I think
wanted to explain it because I think
wanted to explain it because I think this is an example that really relates
this is an example that really relates
this is an example that really relates to all these types of identity because
to all these types of identity because
to all these types of identity because it’s complicated it’s not just about
it’s complicated it’s not just about
it’s complicated it’s not just about medicine it’s about the social and
medicine it’s about the social and
medicine it’s about the social and cultural aspects so people with HIV or
cultural aspects so people with HIV or
cultural aspects so people with HIV or people that are part of different risk
people that are part of different risk
people that are part of different risk groups like sex worker or sexual
groups like sex worker or sexual
groups like sex worker or sexual minorities people that have substance
minorities people that have substance
minorities people that have substance use issues or even just women because
use issues or even just women because
use issues or even just women because there’s such huge gender inequality
there’s such huge gender inequality
there’s such huge gender inequality issues in many parts of the world they
issues in many parts of the world they
issues in many parts of the world they all are subject to stigma and for some
all are subject to stigma and for some
all are subject to stigma and for some of these risk groups like for women for
of these risk groups like for women for
of these risk groups like for women for instance it’s like what people would say
instance it’s like what people would say
instance it’s like what people would say it’s like it’s double stigma dr. Andrew
it’s like it’s double stigma dr. Andrew
it’s like it’s double stigma dr. Andrew it’s not just that I have HIV but I’m a
it’s not just that I have HIV but I’m a
it’s not just that I have HIV but I’m a woman how am I supposed to deal with
woman how am I supposed to deal with
woman how am I supposed to deal with this with both of those things and so
this with both of those things and so
this with both of those things and so people would say it’s like
people would say it’s like
people would say it’s like double and triple discrimination because
double and triple discrimination because
double and triple discrimination because of these issues so they’re subjected to
of these issues so they’re subjected to
of these issues so they’re subjected to stigma within society
stigma within society
stigma within society this creates vulnerability to violence
this creates vulnerability to violence
this creates vulnerability to violence to isolation to stink to stigmatization
to isolation to stink to stigmatization
to isolation to stink to stigmatization discrimination and everything i heard
discrimination and everything i heard
discrimination and everything i heard all every kind of discrimination can
all every kind of discrimination can
all every kind of discrimination can think of was possible and also poor
think of was possible and also poor
think of was possible and also poor access to health services and not just
access to health services and not just
access to health services and not just poor access but poor health care they
poor access but poor health care they
poor access but poor health care they had poor when they did finally see
had poor when they did finally see
had poor when they did finally see someone that we could see them they
someone that we could see them they
someone that we could see them they weren’t even providing really the
weren’t even providing really the
weren’t even providing really the minimum so the actual quality of their
minimum so the actual quality of their
minimum so the actual quality of their health care is poor this all these
health care is poor this all these
health care is poor this all these societal things can then contribute to
societal things can then contribute to
societal things can then contribute to poor emotional and psychological
poor emotional and psychological
poor emotional and psychological well-being then it can predispose them
well-being then it can predispose them
well-being then it can predispose them to further risky behaviors that then
to further risky behaviors that then
to further risky behaviors that then again predisposes them to other risk
again predisposes them to other risk
again predisposes them to other risk factors they become marginalized
factors they become marginalized
factors they become marginalized socially economically legally and this
socially economically legally and this
socially economically legally and this can all relate to poverty because they
can all relate to poverty because they
can all relate to poverty because they lose their job and other things and then
lose their job and other things and then
lose their job and other things and then ultimately poor health for me this is an
ultimately poor health for me this is an
ultimately poor health for me this is an example with HIV because HIV is close to
example with HIV because HIV is close to
example with HIV because HIV is close to my heart those are the patients I take
my heart those are the patients I take
my heart those are the patients I take care of but all these other kinds of
care of but all these other kinds of
care of but all these other kinds of ideas about identity I think are very
ideas about identity I think are very
ideas about identity I think are very similar the circles may be filled in
similar the circles may be filled in
similar the circles may be filled in with a little bit different words and
with a little bit different words and
with a little bit different words and the pathways may be a little bit
the pathways may be a little bit
the pathways may be a little bit different but it’s complicated it issued
different but it’s complicated it issued
different but it’s complicated it issued it’s with cultural social all these
it’s with cultural social all these
it’s with cultural social all these different issues are there and the thing
different issues are there and the thing
different issues are there and the thing about is is it’s not about just the
about is is it’s not about just the
about is is it’s not about just the identity in Crystal Society today it’s
identity in Crystal Society today it’s
identity in Crystal Society today it’s also about the past and acknowledging
also about the past and acknowledging
also about the past and acknowledging the historical issues that come with
the historical issues that come with
the historical issues that come with these identities so for instance there’s
these identities so for instance there’s
these identities so for instance there’s this so I don’t know if any of you
this so I don’t know if any of you
this so I don’t know if any of you recognize this picture this is a picture
recognize this picture this is a picture
recognize this picture this is a picture of the Tuskegee experiments which were a
of the Tuskegee experiments which were a
of the Tuskegee experiments which were a public health initiative that was
public health initiative that was
public health initiative that was sponsored by the federal government in
sponsored by the federal government in
sponsored by the federal government in the 1930s to 1970s in which
the 1930s to 1970s in which
the 1930s to 1970s in which african-american men in the south who
african-american men in the south who
african-american men in the south who had syphilis which is a chronic disease
had syphilis which is a chronic disease
had syphilis which is a chronic disease that has you know in the long term as
that has you know in the long term as
that has you know in the long term as very debilitating side of side effects
very debilitating side of side effects
very debilitating side of side effects and can be actually lethal of n they
and can be actually lethal of n they
and can be actually lethal of n they were basically followed to see what
were basically followed to see what
were basically followed to see what happens when you’re not treated for
happens when you’re not treated for
happens when you’re not treated for syphilis so even though this the
syphilis so even though this the
syphilis so even though this the penicillin was discovered in the 1940s
penicillin was discovered in the 1940s
penicillin was discovered in the 1940s they weren’t given penicillin
they weren’t given penicillin
they weren’t given penicillin so we could study what
so we could study what
so we could study what since this type of issue is still in the
since this type of issue is still in the
since this type of issue is still in the mind of patients of mine from the
mind of patients of mine from the
mind of patients of mine from the southside of Chicago that I take care of
southside of Chicago that I take care of
southside of Chicago that I take care of a certain generation of why they look at
a certain generation of why they look at
a certain generation of why they look at me and kind of are like okay and it
me and kind of are like okay and it
me and kind of are like okay and it takes time there’s trust there’s other
takes time there’s trust there’s other
takes time there’s trust there’s other things that are there and it’s because
things that are there and it’s because
things that are there and it’s because we have to understand the roots of these
we have to understand the roots of these
we have to understand the roots of these issues so the identity issues are so
issues so the identity issues are so
issues so the identity issues are so complicated it’s not just about the kind
complicated it’s not just about the kind
complicated it’s not just about the kind of graph those issues going on now
of graph those issues going on now
of graph those issues going on now but it’s also about what’s happened
but it’s also about what’s happened
but it’s also about what’s happened before and where that because that that
before and where that because that that
before and where that because that that that affects people’s collective
that affects people’s collective
that affects people’s collective understanding not just themselves passed
understanding not just themselves passed
understanding not just themselves passed from generation to generation but also
from generation to generation but also
from generation to generation but also the communities the other thing that’s
the communities the other thing that’s
the communities the other thing that’s interesting is that there’s bias that
interesting is that there’s bias that
interesting is that there’s bias that happens bias related to these ideas of
happens bias related to these ideas of
happens bias related to these ideas of identity so there’s things like explicit
identity so there’s things like explicit
identity so there’s things like explicit and implicit bias so explicitly is is
and implicit bias so explicitly is is
and implicit bias so explicitly is is very easy to understand explicit bias is
very easy to understand explicit bias is
very easy to understand explicit bias is a bias that you have or someone has
a bias that you have or someone has
a bias that you have or someone has that’s consciously there you know it you
that’s consciously there you know it you
that’s consciously there you know it you don’t like green things or you like
don’t like green things or you like
don’t like green things or you like yellow or whatever it’s very clear to
yellow or whatever it’s very clear to
yellow or whatever it’s very clear to you it’s conscious so for instance
you it’s conscious so for instance
you it’s conscious so for instance during that same period of time this is
during that same period of time this is
during that same period of time this is a example of explicit bias this was a
a example of explicit bias this was a
a example of explicit bias this was a sign in Detroit Michigan in the 1940s
sign in Detroit Michigan in the 1940s
sign in Detroit Michigan in the 1940s from a white community saying basically
from a white community saying basically
from a white community saying basically we don’t want anybody but white people
we don’t want anybody but white people
we don’t want anybody but white people here this is a white community we don’t
here this is a white community we don’t
here this is a white community we don’t want any of you other people this is a
want any of you other people this is a
want any of you other people this is a clear public display of explicit bias
clear public display of explicit bias
clear public display of explicit bias now you may say again well that’s back
now you may say again well that’s back
now you may say again well that’s back then but I think all of your knows
then but I think all of your knows
then but I think all of your knows that’s not really what’s going on
that’s not really what’s going on
that’s not really what’s going on because you watch the news and listen to
because you watch the news and listen to
because you watch the news and listen to what people are saying and really now
what people are saying and really now
what people are saying and really now it’s just being replaced by a different
it’s just being replaced by a different
it’s just being replaced by a different message to another group of people
message to another group of people
message to another group of people this is a modern example in 2017 of
this is a modern example in 2017 of
this is a modern example in 2017 of explicit bias directed towards a certain
explicit bias directed towards a certain
explicit bias directed towards a certain group of people in our country so these
group of people in our country so these
group of people in our country so these things are not new and I don’t think
things are not new and I don’t think
things are not new and I don’t think that they’re going to go away but I
that they’re going to go away but I
that they’re going to go away but I think it’s important for us to
think it’s important for us to
think it’s important for us to understand these things and what’s
understand these things and what’s
understand these things and what’s interesting is it’s not just about
interesting is it’s not just about
interesting is it’s not just about explicit bias it’s also about implicit
explicit bias it’s also about implicit
explicit bias it’s also about implicit bias implicit biases bias that affects
bias implicit biases bias that affects
bias implicit biases bias that affects our judgment and behavior but we don’t
our judgment and behavior but we don’t
our judgment and behavior but we don’t consciously under theirs very
consciously under theirs very
consciously under theirs very interesting studies in health care about
interesting studies in health care about
interesting studies in health care about this because it’s found been
this because it’s found been
this because it’s found been that implicit bias affects our behavior
that implicit bias affects our behavior
that implicit bias affects our behavior not just the practitioner but also the
not just the practitioner but also the
not just the practitioner but also the patient and when the relationship
patient and when the relationship
patient and when the relationship between the two is so important that is
between the two is so important that is
between the two is so important that is a really big issue so this was a study
a really big issue so this was a study
a really big issue so this was a study that was in 2010 of first-year medical
that was in 2010 of first-year medical
that was in 2010 of first-year medical students and it looked at their implicit
students and it looked at their implicit
students and it looked at their implicit and explicit bias against gay and
and explicit bias against gay and
and explicit bias against gay and lesbian individuals and the interesting
lesbian individuals and the interesting
lesbian individuals and the interesting thing is that no matter what they said
thing is that no matter what they said
thing is that no matter what they said as far as if they have explicit implicit
as far as if they have explicit implicit
as far as if they have explicit implicit bias this barred line is their level of
bias this barred line is their level of
bias this barred line is their level of implicit bias so it was the same
implicit bias so it was the same
implicit bias so it was the same regardless of the viewer conscious of
regardless of the viewer conscious of
regardless of the viewer conscious of that bias or not very similarly they had
that bias or not very similarly they had
that bias or not very similarly they had similar bias and so the idea is that how
similar bias and so the idea is that how
similar bias and so the idea is that how do we understand these biases and the
do we understand these biases and the
do we understand these biases and the reality is from my perspective I think
reality is from my perspective I think
reality is from my perspective I think of this from a medical standpoint but
of this from a medical standpoint but
of this from a medical standpoint but this is a societal issue this is about
this is a societal issue this is about
this is a societal issue this is about all of us and how we interact with each
all of us and how we interact with each
all of us and how we interact with each other because after all healthcare is
other because after all healthcare is
other because after all healthcare is made done by people people that have
made done by people people that have
made done by people people that have biases we have sin sometimes their
biases we have sin sometimes their
biases we have sin sometimes their systems of injustice but also the
systems of injustice but also the
systems of injustice but also the individuals like physicians are in a
individuals like physicians are in a
individuals like physicians are in a position where they can block and access
position where they can block and access
position where they can block and access and allow different accesses to services
and allow different accesses to services
and allow different accesses to services health care and all sorts of things and
health care and all sorts of things and
health care and all sorts of things and so these types of biases are very
so these types of biases are very
so these types of biases are very important so I feel lucky in a way
important so I feel lucky in a way
important so I feel lucky in a way because I’ve been able to work in a
because I’ve been able to work in a
because I’ve been able to work in a position with communities where I feel
position with communities where I feel
position with communities where I feel like I can try to work with these issues
like I can try to work with these issues
like I can try to work with these issues I can serve communities that deal with
I can serve communities that deal with
I can serve communities that deal with these issues and there’s disparities and
these issues and there’s disparities and
these issues and there’s disparities and I also find I’ve learned the power of
I also find I’ve learned the power of
I also find I’ve learned the power of teaching medical students residents
teaching medical students residents
teaching medical students residents fellows because they will be the future
fellows because they will be the future
fellows because they will be the future of our healthcare system and a lot of
of our healthcare system and a lot of
of our healthcare system and a lot of these issues like bias you have to be
these issues like bias you have to be
these issues like bias you have to be conscious of the first step is being
conscious of the first step is being
conscious of the first step is being conscious of it and then you can
conscious of it and then you can
conscious of it and then you can understand oh you know it’s weird I was
understand oh you know it’s weird I was
understand oh you know it’s weird I was busy and I made I did this thing but
busy and I made I did this thing but
busy and I made I did this thing but maybe that was maybe that was kind of
maybe that was maybe that was kind of
maybe that was maybe that was kind of off why did I do that but I think that
off why did I do that but I think that
off why did I do that but I think that the issues of identity and and diversity
the issues of identity and and diversity
the issues of identity and and diversity that I talked about today have a larger
that I talked about today have a larger
that I talked about today have a larger context because a lot of these issues I
context because a lot of these issues I
context because a lot of these issues I think of from a medical context but are
think of from a medical context but are
think of from a medical context but are really a societal issue and I think that
really a societal issue and I think that
really a societal issue and I think that those issues are very important because
those issues are very important because
those issues are very important because what do we think about diversity I mean
what do we think about diversity I mean
what do we think about diversity I mean let’s turn on the TV and listen to what
let’s turn on the TV and listen to what
let’s turn on the TV and listen to what people have been saying for the last six
people have been saying for the last six
people have been saying for the last six or eight months
or eight months
or eight months whatever do we believe that diversity
whatever do we believe that diversity
whatever do we believe that diversity and identity is a positive thing in our
and identity is a positive thing in our
and identity is a positive thing in our society or do we believe that this is
society or do we believe that this is
society or do we believe that this is something that separates each other and
something that separates each other and
something that separates each other and how are we going to deal with these
how are we going to deal with these
how are we going to deal with these things and I think that the question
things and I think that the question
things and I think that the question really is to you you are part of this
really is to you you are part of this
really is to you you are part of this society in this this country as well
society in this this country as well
society in this this country as well what do you think about diversity and
what do you think about diversity and
what do you think about diversity and identity do you think that diversity and
identity do you think that diversity and
identity do you think that diversity and identity and those types of issues are
identity and those types of issues are
identity and those types of issues are something that we should that strengthen
something that we should that strengthen
something that we should that strengthen us that that really bind us together as
us that that really bind us together as
us that that really bind us together as humans because in the end seeing across
humans because in the end seeing across
humans because in the end seeing across diversity is about seeing our collective
diversity is about seeing our collective
diversity is about seeing our collective humanity or is it just something that
humanity or is it just something that
humanity or is it just something that will accentuate our differences from one
will accentuate our differences from one
will accentuate our differences from one another okay I’m done
another okay I’m done
another okay I’m done [Applause]
”
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