Thank You ed thank you all for being here that was an amazing talk the one
here that was an amazing talk the one
here that was an amazing talk the one before and it was about virtual reality
before and it was about virtual reality
before and it was about virtual reality so I’m going to yank you back to earth
so I’m going to yank you back to earth
so I’m going to yank you back to earth to the reality of a moderate talk
to the reality of a moderate talk
to the reality of a moderate talk essentially and today I’m going to talk
essentially and today I’m going to talk
essentially and today I’m going to talk about color and like and that’s because
about color and like and that’s because
about color and like and that’s because manipulating color and light is at the
manipulating color and light is at the
manipulating color and light is at the heart of our daily experiences from
heart of our daily experiences from
heart of our daily experiences from drawing a curtain to swiping your
drawing a curtain to swiping your
drawing a curtain to swiping your smartphone you’re essentially
smartphone you’re essentially
smartphone you’re essentially manipulating color at some level and in
manipulating color at some level and in
manipulating color at some level and in fact for the longest time in human
fact for the longest time in human
fact for the longest time in human history people have tried to represent
history people have tried to represent
history people have tried to represent both their imagination as well as the
both their imagination as well as the
both their imagination as well as the natural world around them through color
natural world around them through color
natural world around them through color through the familiar form of paintings
through the familiar form of paintings
through the familiar form of paintings so this is an example of an amazing
so this is an example of an amazing
so this is an example of an amazing painting
painting
painting it’s obviously done by an expert artist
it’s obviously done by an expert artist
it’s obviously done by an expert artist an artist who knows how to apply
an artist who knows how to apply
an artist who knows how to apply pigments in perfect harmony and isn’t
pigments in perfect harmony and isn’t
pigments in perfect harmony and isn’t this amazing this painting I
this amazing this painting I
this amazing this painting I I can look at this painting and I can
I can look at this painting and I can
I can look at this painting and I can imagine standing up on the bridge I can
imagine standing up on the bridge I can
imagine standing up on the bridge I can imagine looking down at the lilies I can
imagine looking down at the lilies I can
imagine looking down at the lilies I can even imagine that there’s a reflection
even imagine that there’s a reflection
even imagine that there’s a reflection of the bridge in the water and actually
of the bridge in the water and actually
of the bridge in the water and actually there is in the painting out here and
there is in the painting out here and
there is in the painting out here and what’s remarkable about this painting is
what’s remarkable about this painting is
what’s remarkable about this painting is that it’s normally hung in a museum and
that it’s normally hung in a museum and
that it’s normally hung in a museum and you and I would walk to the museum and
you and I would walk to the museum and
you and I would walk to the museum and you’ll actually see the ambient light
you’ll actually see the ambient light
you’ll actually see the ambient light reflect off the canvas into your eye
reflect off the canvas into your eye
reflect off the canvas into your eye that’s how you perceive the painting and
that’s how you perceive the painting and
that’s how you perceive the painting and through that perception you can actually
through that perception you can actually
through that perception you can actually imagine all these wonderful things about
imagine all these wonderful things about
imagine all these wonderful things about the painting let’s go back a few years
the painting let’s go back a few years
the painting let’s go back a few years 1500 years and let’s look at another
1500 years and let’s look at another
1500 years and let’s look at another painting this is a cave painting in the
painting this is a cave painting in the
painting this is a cave painting in the ancient caves of agenda in India it’s a
ancient caves of agenda in India it’s a
ancient caves of agenda in India it’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and this
UNESCO World Heritage Site and this
UNESCO World Heritage Site and this painting is the Buddha holding a lotus
painting is the Buddha holding a lotus
painting is the Buddha holding a lotus flower you can see a lot of detail in
flower you can see a lot of detail in
flower you can see a lot of detail in this painting you can actually see the
this painting you can actually see the
this painting you can actually see the necklace around with the snake in this
necklace around with the snake in this
necklace around with the snake in this particular painting and if you are
particular painting and if you are
particular painting and if you are fortunate enough to go and see this in
fortunate enough to go and see this in
fortunate enough to go and see this in person you’ll actually see a faint glow
person you’ll actually see a faint glow
person you’ll actually see a faint glow or you’ll perceive the glow of the
or you’ll perceive the glow of the
or you’ll perceive the glow of the necklace and what’s remarkable about
necklace and what’s remarkable about
necklace and what’s remarkable about this painting unlike the previous one is
this painting unlike the previous one is
this painting unlike the previous one is that it’s in a dark cave there isn’t a
that it’s in a dark cave there isn’t a
that it’s in a dark cave there isn’t a lot of ambient light in this cave and
lot of ambient light in this cave and
lot of ambient light in this cave and yet the human eye is so good
yet the human eye is so good
yet the human eye is so good at perceiving all the details in a
at perceiving all the details in a
at perceiving all the details in a fairly faintly lit cave of this amazing
fairly faintly lit cave of this amazing
fairly faintly lit cave of this amazing painting right so for the longest time
painting right so for the longest time
painting right so for the longest time in human history paintings were one way
in human history paintings were one way
in human history paintings were one way that we represented our natural world
that we represented our natural world
that we represented our natural world and imagination in color there was a
and imagination in color there was a
and imagination in color there was a problem with paintings though paintings
problem with paintings though paintings
problem with paintings though paintings are static images they don’t move so if
are static images they don’t move so if
are static images they don’t move so if you wanted to see something move if you
you wanted to see something move if you
you wanted to see something move if you wanted to watch a play you had to go in
wanted to watch a play you had to go in
wanted to watch a play you had to go in person essentially and that changed with
person essentially and that changed with
person essentially and that changed with the advent of television right you had
the advent of television right you had
the advent of television right you had these big boxes of cathode ray tubes
these big boxes of cathode ray tubes
these big boxes of cathode ray tubes that was your first black-and-white
that was your first black-and-white
that was your first black-and-white television and that was a huge
television and that was a huge
television and that was a huge technological leap from where we are we
technological leap from where we are we
technological leap from where we are we were before that and then there was
were before that and then there was
were before that and then there was another big technological leap which was
another big technological leap which was
another big technological leap which was the color cathode ray television screens
the color cathode ray television screens
the color cathode ray television screens and now you have flat-screen TVs
and now you have flat-screen TVs
and now you have flat-screen TVs everywhere including in your pocket you
everywhere including in your pocket you
everywhere including in your pocket you are reminded to turn them off today that
are reminded to turn them off today that
are reminded to turn them off today that we were addicted to them we are
we were addicted to them we are
we were addicted to them we are absolutely addicted to these screens in
absolutely addicted to these screens in
absolutely addicted to these screens in fact it isn’t ridiculous for us to think
fact it isn’t ridiculous for us to think
fact it isn’t ridiculous for us to think that this is not what we say to us every
that this is not what we say to us every
that this is not what we say to us every day already digest up for a second so
day already digest up for a second so
day already digest up for a second so first of all let me thank you for coming
first of all let me thank you for coming
first of all let me thank you for coming here in person because when you’ve come
here in person because when you’ve come
here in person because when you’ve come here in person to watch some of us speak
here in person to watch some of us speak
here in person to watch some of us speak you’re actually looking at us in
you’re actually looking at us in
you’re actually looking at us in reflection the light and this auditorium
reflection the light and this auditorium
reflection the light and this auditorium is reflecting off me and you’re
is reflecting off me and you’re
is reflecting off me and you’re perceiving me in reflective mode and
perceiving me in reflective mode and
perceiving me in reflective mode and that’s exactly how you perceive the
that’s exactly how you perceive the
that’s exactly how you perceive the paintings of Monet and the ancient
paintings of Monet and the ancient
paintings of Monet and the ancient painting in the caves at agenda but
painting in the caves at agenda but
painting in the caves at agenda but that’s not the way you perceive your
that’s not the way you perceive your
that’s not the way you perceive your screens or your television those are
screens or your television those are
screens or your television those are throwing the light at you right so there
throwing the light at you right so there
throwing the light at you right so there is a difference in the way we perceive
is a difference in the way we perceive
is a difference in the way we perceive our screens as opposed to how we
our screens as opposed to how we
our screens as opposed to how we perceive each other and the paintings
perceive each other and the paintings
perceive each other and the paintings and so you’re wondering how did that
and so you’re wondering how did that
and so you’re wondering how did that come about in fact if you take your
come about in fact if you take your
come about in fact if you take your smartphone nearly strip off the front
smartphone nearly strip off the front
smartphone nearly strip off the front part of your screen the backlighting on
part of your screen the backlighting on
part of your screen the backlighting on your smartphone is as bright as a car
your smartphone is as bright as a car
your smartphone is as bright as a car headlight
headlight
headlight that’s pretty bright so how have we
that’s pretty bright so how have we
that’s pretty bright so how have we accepted a screen that actually throws
accepted a screen that actually throws
accepted a screen that actually throws light at you in fact if you had a screen
light at you in fact if you had a screen
light at you in fact if you had a screen that was reflective and vivid and bright
that was reflective and vivid and bright
that was reflective and vivid and bright and could display dynamic information
and could display dynamic information
and could display dynamic information something like this you’d love to take
something like this you’d love to take
something like this you’d love to take it out in bright sunshine and look at it
it out in bright sunshine and look at it
it out in bright sunshine and look at it you’d probably see the static content
you’d probably see the static content
you’d probably see the static content the text as well as a dynamic movie
the text as well as a dynamic movie
the text as well as a dynamic movie playing in bright sunlight which you
playing in bright sunlight which you
playing in bright sunlight which you can’t do currently with your screens so
can’t do currently with your screens so
can’t do currently with your screens so why is it that we have to sit in a dark
why is it that we have to sit in a dark
why is it that we have to sit in a dark room to enjoy a movie with all its
room to enjoy a movie with all its
room to enjoy a movie with all its colors well the reason is pretty simple
colors well the reason is pretty simple
colors well the reason is pretty simple we don’t have a technology that can
we don’t have a technology that can
we don’t have a technology that can create displays in reflective mode that
create displays in reflective mode that
create displays in reflective mode that is fast enough for us to be able to
is fast enough for us to be able to
is fast enough for us to be able to watch movies right so I’m a nano scale
watch movies right so I’m a nano scale
watch movies right so I’m a nano scale engineer and my colleagues are nano
engineer and my colleagues are nano
engineer and my colleagues are nano engineers as well and we said could we
engineers as well and we said could we
engineers as well and we said could we frame this problem in a way that we can
frame this problem in a way that we can
frame this problem in a way that we can solve using nano engineering and that’s
solve using nano engineering and that’s
solve using nano engineering and that’s where we started and we started looking
where we started and we started looking
where we started and we started looking for examples around us in ways in which
for examples around us in ways in which
for examples around us in ways in which color is created naturally and for ways
color is created naturally and for ways
color is created naturally and for ways in which we can manipulate this color
in which we can manipulate this color
in which we can manipulate this color that we can create moveable images and
that we can create moveable images and
that we can create moveable images and so there are lots of examples in nature
so there are lots of examples in nature
so there are lots of examples in nature and one example is this beautiful
and one example is this beautiful
and one example is this beautiful European peacock butterfly and you can
European peacock butterfly and you can
European peacock butterfly and you can see there are a lot of colors on the
see there are a lot of colors on the
see there are a lot of colors on the wings of this butterfly and all these
wings of this butterfly and all these
wings of this butterfly and all these colors are created by a property called
colors are created by a property called
colors are created by a property called the interference of light so the
the interference of light so the
the interference of light so the peacocks wings has a lot of very very
peacocks wings has a lot of very very
peacocks wings has a lot of very very thin films and they interfere light in
thin films and they interfere light in
thin films and they interfere light in such a way that some colors are
such a way that some colors are
such a way that some colors are magnified and some are not and using
magnified and some are not and using
magnified and some are not and using this it can create a fairly substantial
this it can create a fairly substantial
this it can create a fairly substantial and bright color palette on the wings
and bright color palette on the wings
and bright color palette on the wings and we said what if he could use
and we said what if he could use
and we said what if he could use interference to create color and what if
interference to create color and what if
interference to create color and what if there was a way to change this
there was a way to change this
there was a way to change this interference on the fly so we can change
interference on the fly so we can change
interference on the fly so we can change the color essentially so before we go
the color essentially so before we go
the color essentially so before we go into this let me just take two slides to
into this let me just take two slides to
into this let me just take two slides to explain what interference means so let’s
explain what interference means so let’s
explain what interference means so let’s take something that’s familiar to all of
take something that’s familiar to all of
take something that’s familiar to all of us a soap bubble floating around in air
us a soap bubble floating around in air
us a soap bubble floating around in air the soap bubble has two surfaces the
the soap bubble has two surfaces the
the soap bubble has two surfaces the inner surface and the outer surface and
inner surface and the outer surface and
inner surface and the outer surface and so let’s take a section of the soap
so let’s take a section of the soap
so let’s take a section of the soap bubble outer surface in the surface
bubble outer surface in the surface
bubble outer surface in the surface array of light strikes it one ray of
array of light strikes it one ray of
array of light strikes it one ray of light reflects off the top surface the
light reflects off the top surface the
light reflects off the top surface the other of the inner surface right now
other of the inner surface right now
other of the inner surface right now when it are some of the Rays will arrive
when it are some of the Rays will arrive
when it are some of the Rays will arrive at the same time at this point and when
at the same time at this point and when
at the same time at this point and when they arrive here let’s say light is made
they arrive here let’s say light is made
they arrive here let’s say light is made up of waves they have peaks and valleys
up of waves they have peaks and valleys
up of waves they have peaks and valleys and if the two rays of right arrive here
and if the two rays of right arrive here
and if the two rays of right arrive here such that the valleys and the peaks are
such that the valleys and the peaks are
such that the valleys and the peaks are lined up they would add and you just get
lined up they would add and you just get
lined up they would add and you just get a brighter image but if they were to
a brighter image but if they were to
a brighter image but if they were to arrive such that they are not lined up
arrive such that they are not lined up
arrive such that they are not lined up and they put they perfectly cancel each
and they put they perfectly cancel each
and they put they perfectly cancel each other out you’d get a dark reflection
other out you’d get a dark reflection
other out you’d get a dark reflection now obviously color is made up of a lot
now obviously color is made up of a lot
now obviously color is made up of a lot of wavelengths of light and wavelength
of wavelengths of light and wavelength
of wavelengths of light and wavelength is essentially the distance between two
is essentially the distance between two
is essentially the distance between two peaks and so you can imagine that each
peaks and so you can imagine that each
peaks and so you can imagine that each color would interfere destructively ie
color would interfere destructively ie
color would interfere destructively ie they would cancel each other out or add
they would cancel each other out or add
they would cancel each other out or add each other up in different ways which is
each other up in different ways which is
each other up in different ways which is why you see all the colors of a rainbow
why you see all the colors of a rainbow
why you see all the colors of a rainbow on a bubble
on a bubble
on a bubble as its wafting through the room and what
as its wafting through the room and what
as its wafting through the room and what also happens is as the bubble is moving
also happens is as the bubble is moving
also happens is as the bubble is moving around the air the water evaporates and
around the air the water evaporates and
around the air the water evaporates and the thickness of the bubble reduces
the thickness of the bubble reduces
the thickness of the bubble reduces which changes how light interferes which
which changes how light interferes which
which changes how light interferes which contributes to the familiar shimmer that
contributes to the familiar shimmer that
contributes to the familiar shimmer that you see as the bubbles looks around
you see as the bubbles looks around
you see as the bubbles looks around until of course the bubble bursts
until of course the bubble bursts
until of course the bubble bursts eventually and so that gives you a clue
eventually and so that gives you a clue
eventually and so that gives you a clue as to how to make something more dynamic
as to how to make something more dynamic
as to how to make something more dynamic how do you make a color dynamic you can
how do you make a color dynamic you can
how do you make a color dynamic you can do that by changing the interference
do that by changing the interference
do that by changing the interference right now my colleagues and I had no
right now my colleagues and I had no
right now my colleagues and I had no interest in bursting any bubbles
interest in bursting any bubbles
interest in bursting any bubbles proverbial or otherwise so we look to an
proverbial or otherwise so we look to an
proverbial or otherwise so we look to an other property of materials and this
other property of materials and this
other property of materials and this property is called refractive index
property is called refractive index
property is called refractive index don’t panic it’s fairly simple and all
don’t panic it’s fairly simple and all
don’t panic it’s fairly simple and all of you have observed this at some point
of you have observed this at some point
of you have observed this at some point the familiar spoon in the water cup
the familiar spoon in the water cup
the familiar spoon in the water cup experiment which you probably have tried
experiment which you probably have tried
experiment which you probably have tried informally or formally where the spoon
informally or formally where the spoon
informally or formally where the spoon appears bent as it goes through the
appears bent as it goes through the
appears bent as it goes through the water right and that’s because light
water right and that’s because light
water right and that’s because light bends the interface between air and
bends the interface between air and
bends the interface between air and water which makes you think that the
water which makes you think that the
water which makes you think that the spoon is actually bent and so we said if
spoon is actually bent and so we said if
spoon is actually bent and so we said if light bends let’s say we take a block of
light bends let’s say we take a block of
light bends let’s say we take a block of material here light bends as it goes
material here light bends as it goes
material here light bends as it goes through this material a certain way what
through this material a certain way what
through this material a certain way what if he could flick the materials
if he could flick the materials
if he could flick the materials refractive index instantaneously would
refractive index instantaneously would
refractive index instantaneously would it change how the light bends as it goes
it change how the light bends as it goes
it change how the light bends as it goes through the material it would and so if
through the material it would and so if
through the material it would and so if you could do this could you change
you could do this could you change
you could do this could you change interferences by designing our thin
interferences by designing our thin
interferences by designing our thin films cleverly and we said okay so are
films cleverly and we said okay so are
films cleverly and we said okay so are there any materials that can do this
there any materials that can do this
there any materials that can do this could you apply let’s say a current for
could you apply let’s say a current for
could you apply let’s say a current for simplicity and change its refractive
simplicity and change its refractive
simplicity and change its refractive index it turns out there are a lot of
index it turns out there are a lot of
index it turns out there are a lot of materials that do it and we call them
materials that do it and we call them
materials that do it and we call them phase change materials and they’re
phase change materials and they’re
phase change materials and they’re amazing materials they basically go
amazing materials they basically go
amazing materials they basically go between two solid phases so you won’t
between two solid phases so you won’t
between two solid phases so you won’t see a difference in the solidity of the
see a difference in the solidity of the
see a difference in the solidity of the material and they go between a state
material and they go between a state
material and they go between a state where all the atoms are nicely lined up
where all the atoms are nicely lined up
where all the atoms are nicely lined up to a state where they scramble
to a state where they scramble
to a state where they scramble essentially and these two states have
essentially and these two states have
essentially and these two states have completely different refractive index
completely different refractive index
completely different refractive index light bends
light bends
light bends friendly through them and using this
friendly through them and using this
friendly through them and using this material and designing simple thin film
material and designing simple thin film
material and designing simple thin film stacks exactly like on the butterfly’s
stacks exactly like on the butterfly’s
stacks exactly like on the butterfly’s wings we can create displays and we’ve
wings we can create displays and we’ve
wings we can create displays and we’ve done exactly that and we’ve actually
done exactly that and we’ve actually
done exactly that and we’ve actually created displays with exceptional
created displays with exceptional
created displays with exceptional resolution using something like that so
resolution using something like that so
resolution using something like that so this is a section of pixels that you
this is a section of pixels that you
this is a section of pixels that you would see if you took your smartphone
would see if you took your smartphone
would see if you took your smartphone and looked at it under the microscope
and looked at it under the microscope
and looked at it under the microscope right and each of these pixels consists
right and each of these pixels consists
right and each of these pixels consists of blue red and green sub pixels so
of blue red and green sub pixels so
of blue red and green sub pixels so typically this is about the width of a
typically this is about the width of a
typically this is about the width of a human hair which is about 70 micrometers
human hair which is about 70 micrometers
human hair which is about 70 micrometers we managed to create entire images
we managed to create entire images
we managed to create entire images within the size of a single pixel within
within the size of a single pixel within
within the size of a single pixel within your phone and we were having so much
your phone and we were having so much
your phone and we were having so much fun we created a lot more images for
fun we created a lot more images for
fun we created a lot more images for example we created all these familiar
example we created all these familiar
example we created all these familiar images all at the resolution that is
images all at the resolution that is
images all at the resolution that is remarkable so our pixels are about 100
remarkable so our pixels are about 100
remarkable so our pixels are about 100 nanometers where a nanometer is about a
nanometers where a nanometer is about a
nanometers where a nanometer is about a billionth of a meter
billionth of a meter
billionth of a meter so our pixels are really really small
so our pixels are really really small
so our pixels are really really small and you’d ask why would you need such a
and you’d ask why would you need such a
and you’d ask why would you need such a resolution well we had two talks that
resolution well we had two talks that
resolution well we had two talks that spoke about virtual reality and in
spoke about virtual reality and in
spoke about virtual reality and in virtual reality you actually magnify
virtual reality you actually magnify
virtual reality you actually magnify pixels out you take a small pixel you
pixels out you take a small pixel you
pixels out you take a small pixel you magnified such that it appears larger
magnified such that it appears larger
magnified such that it appears larger than it really is so you need really
than it really is so you need really
than it really is so you need really high resolution in order to make sure
high resolution in order to make sure
high resolution in order to make sure that your image doesn’t appear pixelated
that your image doesn’t appear pixelated
that your image doesn’t appear pixelated as you go into virtual reality of
as you go into virtual reality of
as you go into virtual reality of paradigms and also in future who knows
paradigms and also in future who knows
paradigms and also in future who knows we might be able to create moving
we might be able to create moving
we might be able to create moving hologram and for these you need really
hologram and for these you need really
hologram and for these you need really high resolution that you can actually
high resolution that you can actually
high resolution that you can actually project out there and I started out with
project out there and I started out with
project out there and I started out with art and we thought okay well we could we
art and we thought okay well we could we
art and we thought okay well we could we could be artists to copy artists but we
could be artists to copy artists but we
could be artists to copy artists but we could be artists too so we tried to do
could be artists too so we tried to do
could be artists too so we tried to do something
something
something ah-hoo with it essentially and so we
ah-hoo with it essentially and so we
ah-hoo with it essentially and so we recreated this diptych of this fairly
recreated this diptych of this fairly
recreated this diptych of this fairly famous person and I’m not sure if Ted
famous person and I’m not sure if Ted
famous person and I’m not sure if Ted audiences know who this person is I’m
audiences know who this person is I’m
audiences know who this person is I’m sorry I didn’t pick Einstein here but
sorry I didn’t pick Einstein here but
sorry I didn’t pick Einstein here but essentially each of these colored images
essentially each of these colored images
essentially each of these colored images here represent an optical image
here represent an optical image
here represent an optical image something that you can see with your eye
something that you can see with your eye
something that you can see with your eye and the black-and-white images here are
and the black-and-white images here are
and the black-and-white images here are all the electrical conductivity maps
all the electrical conductivity maps
all the electrical conductivity maps what we wanted to show was indeed you
what we wanted to show was indeed you
what we wanted to show was indeed you could apply a current and change how the
could apply a current and change how the
could apply a current and change how the optical effect changes which is what
optical effect changes which is what
optical effect changes which is what essentially a dynamic display is using
essentially a dynamic display is using
essentially a dynamic display is using this technology now each of these images
this technology now each of these images
this technology now each of these images again is about the width of a human hair
again is about the width of a human hair
again is about the width of a human hair so the resolution we have is very very
so the resolution we have is very very
so the resolution we have is very very high so you see so one of the things
high so you see so one of the things
high so you see so one of the things we’re really interested in is okay how
we’re really interested in is okay how
we’re really interested in is okay how can you go from really high resolution
can you go from really high resolution
can you go from really high resolution to really poor resolution which is
to really poor resolution which is
to really poor resolution which is essentially really large areas that you
essentially really large areas that you
essentially really large areas that you can change the color of what
can change the color of what
can change the color of what applications could they have and let’s
applications could they have and let’s
applications could they have and let’s say you have a car right and it’s a
say you have a car right and it’s a
say you have a car right and it’s a fancy car and you like it a lot and you
fancy car and you like it a lot and you
fancy car and you like it a lot and you want to change the color of the car can
want to change the color of the car can
want to change the color of the car can you flick a switch and change the color
you flick a switch and change the color
you flick a switch and change the color of the car using exactly the same effect
of the car using exactly the same effect
of the car using exactly the same effect and if you could
and if you could
and if you could wouldn’t that be cool essentially now I
wouldn’t that be cool essentially now I
wouldn’t that be cool essentially now I have no idea what that would be useful
have no idea what that would be useful
have no idea what that would be useful for but I never thought I needed a
for but I never thought I needed a
for but I never thought I needed a smartphone until I power until I found
smartphone until I power until I found
smartphone until I power until I found that everyone around me was using one so
that everyone around me was using one so
that everyone around me was using one so never know where applications can come
never know where applications can come
never know where applications can come from essentially for technologies such
from essentially for technologies such
from essentially for technologies such as this and what’s why this is possible
as this and what’s why this is possible
as this and what’s why this is possible using our technology is that we can
using our technology is that we can
using our technology is that we can actually create really lustrous color on
actually create really lustrous color on
actually create really lustrous color on flexible substrates so I have a few
flexible substrates so I have a few
flexible substrates so I have a few flexible substrates with me here and you
flexible substrates with me here and you
flexible substrates with me here and you can create a lot of very lustrous color
can create a lot of very lustrous color
can create a lot of very lustrous color which doesn’t look faded out at all in
which doesn’t look faded out at all in
which doesn’t look faded out at all in reflective mode so there is a
reflective mode so there is a
reflective mode so there is a possibility that this could happen with
possibility that this could happen with
possibility that this could happen with technology that uses thin film
technology that uses thin film
technology that uses thin film interference and what’s really nice
interference and what’s really nice
interference and what’s really nice about thin film interference is that
about thin film interference is that
about thin film interference is that unlike pigments they don’t fade it’s
unlike pigments they don’t fade it’s
unlike pigments they don’t fade it’s just a optical effect so ideal maintain
just a optical effect so ideal maintain
just a optical effect so ideal maintain the color for a very long time indeed
the color for a very long time indeed
the color for a very long time indeed well that’s enough about the visible
well that’s enough about the visible
well that’s enough about the visible color the visible color is really a
color the visible color is really a
color the visible color is really a small part of what we call light right
small part of what we call light right
small part of what we call light right essentially so let’s take sunlight for
essentially so let’s take sunlight for
essentially so let’s take sunlight for example if you take sunlight the visible
example if you take sunlight the visible
example if you take sunlight the visible spectrum the visible spectrum of colors
spectrum the visible spectrum of colors
spectrum the visible spectrum of colors visible to us in sunlight is pretty
visible to us in sunlight is pretty
visible to us in sunlight is pretty small right in fact if you have sunlight
small right in fact if you have sunlight
small right in fact if you have sunlight streaming into a room through a window
streaming into a room through a window
streaming into a room through a window 50% of the heating in the room is
50% of the heating in the room is
50% of the heating in the room is because of light which is outside
because of light which is outside
because of light which is outside of this visible spectrum in the infrared
of this visible spectrum in the infrared
of this visible spectrum in the infrared which ends up heating the room what if
which ends up heating the room what if
which ends up heating the room what if you could flick a switch that just shuts
you could flick a switch that just shuts
you could flick a switch that just shuts off the infrared radiation you wouldn’t
off the infrared radiation you wouldn’t
off the infrared radiation you wouldn’t notice any difference because your human
notice any difference because your human
notice any difference because your human eye cannot see the infrared and so the
eye cannot see the infrared and so the
eye cannot see the infrared and so the room will still appear nice and bright
room will still appear nice and bright
room will still appear nice and bright with a lot of natural light streaming in
with a lot of natural light streaming in
with a lot of natural light streaming in but you might end up cooling the room
but you might end up cooling the room
but you might end up cooling the room down quite substantially and if you
down quite substantially and if you
down quite substantially and if you could flick it back and forth you could
could flick it back and forth you could
could flick it back and forth you could do some sort of smart cooling within
do some sort of smart cooling within
do some sort of smart cooling within your window while still enjoying the
your window while still enjoying the
your window while still enjoying the benefit of natural light and these are
benefit of natural light and these are
benefit of natural light and these are the kind of technologies we are trying
the kind of technologies we are trying
the kind of technologies we are trying to move this thin film interference
to move this thin film interference
to move this thin film interference effect into as we go forward
effect into as we go forward
effect into as we go forward so I’d like to end by saying thank you
so I’d like to end by saying thank you
so I’d like to end by saying thank you again for coming to watch me in person
again for coming to watch me in person
again for coming to watch me in person the lights are reflecting off of me so
the lights are reflecting off of me so
the lights are reflecting off of me so you’re watching me in reflecting mode
you’re watching me in reflecting mode
you’re watching me in reflecting mode and I love watching you all in
and I love watching you all in
and I love watching you all in reflective mode it’s it’s a much better
reflective mode it’s it’s a much better
reflective mode it’s it’s a much better experience let’s hope that our
experience let’s hope that our
experience let’s hope that our technology catches up with our reality
technology catches up with our reality
technology catches up with our reality let’s anticipate that it does indeed
let’s anticipate that it does indeed
let’s anticipate that it does indeed catch up in the next few years thank you
catch up in the next few years thank you
catch up in the next few years thank you very much
very much
very much [Applause]
”
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