hello at Duke I conduct research on the development of pre treatments for the
development of pre treatments for the
development of pre treatments for the growth and survival of crops under
growth and survival of crops under
growth and survival of crops under Martian soil conditions commonly the
Martian soil conditions commonly the
Martian soil conditions commonly the movie the Martian is talked about when
movie the Martian is talked about when
movie the Martian is talked about when they hear about my research however I
they hear about my research however I
they hear about my research however I can tell you that sustaining life on
can tell you that sustaining life on
can tell you that sustaining life on Mars is about more than whether a plant
Mars is about more than whether a plant
Mars is about more than whether a plant will grow what you’re supposed to be
will grow what you’re supposed to be
will grow what you’re supposed to be seeing is a fly through of a possible
seeing is a fly through of a possible
seeing is a fly through of a possible habitation module on Mars it is a closed
habitation module on Mars it is a closed
habitation module on Mars it is a closed ecological system that has been
ecological system that has been
ecological system that has been transplanted from Earth to Mars an
transplanted from Earth to Mars an
transplanted from Earth to Mars an ecological system is a system that is
ecological system is a system that is
ecological system is a system that is composed of living organisms and
composed of living organisms and
composed of living organisms and nonliving components that interact both
nonliving components that interact both
nonliving components that interact both in competitive and supportive ways close
in competitive and supportive ways close
in competitive and supportive ways close simply means that the system has been
simply means that the system has been
simply means that the system has been sealed off from at the everything
sealed off from at the everything
sealed off from at the everything outside of it
outside of it
outside of it the system works best when the community
the system works best when the community
the system works best when the community of living organisms is made up of many
of living organisms is made up of many
of living organisms is made up of many different species
different species
different species a properly known as biodiversity a key
a properly known as biodiversity a key
a properly known as biodiversity a key component that is necessary to mitigate
component that is necessary to mitigate
component that is necessary to mitigate the risk of failure for any ecological
the risk of failure for any ecological
the risk of failure for any ecological system anywhere but why should we build
system anywhere but why should we build
system anywhere but why should we build such a system on Mars
such a system on Mars
such a system on Mars why couldn’t we build say another
why couldn’t we build say another
why couldn’t we build say another International Space Station for a
International Space Station for a
International Space Station for a habitation module and have food shipped
habitation module and have food shipped
habitation module and have food shipped in via supply chain well it’s a good
in via supply chain well it’s a good
in via supply chain well it’s a good question to ask let me tell you my
question to ask let me tell you my
question to ask let me tell you my reasoning it can be said that one of the
reasoning it can be said that one of the
reasoning it can be said that one of the reasons that people have survived
reasons that people have survived
reasons that people have survived throughout the history of the earth is
throughout the history of the earth is
throughout the history of the earth is due to them being able to adapt quickly
due to them being able to adapt quickly
due to them being able to adapt quickly to unplanned events humans have been
to unplanned events humans have been
to unplanned events humans have been able to survive and recover from these
able to survive and recover from these
able to survive and recover from these events from obtaining resources that
events from obtaining resources that
events from obtaining resources that they have found outside of their
they have found outside of their
they have found outside of their localities humans have evolved within
localities humans have evolved within
localities humans have evolved within this context earliest archaeological
this context earliest archaeological
this context earliest archaeological records have humans living in small
records have humans living in small
records have humans living in small groups of hunter-gatherers and
groups of hunter-gatherers and
groups of hunter-gatherers and localities in which they have become
localities in which they have become
localities in which they have become familiar with the local resources what
familiar with the local resources what
familiar with the local resources what did they do when the local resources
did they do when the local resources
did they do when the local resources became depleted
how about later humans that evolved into
how about later humans that evolved into agrarian societies what did they do when
agrarian societies what did they do when
agrarian societies what did they do when the crop field that they were planting
the crop field that they were planting
the crop field that they were planting it has a blight and wiped out all their
it has a blight and wiped out all their
it has a blight and wiped out all their crops even in modern cities today where
crops even in modern cities today where
crops even in modern cities today where we have an urban ecological system that
we have an urban ecological system that
we have an urban ecological system that came from this adaptive process what did
came from this adaptive process what did
came from this adaptive process what did they do when a natural disaster like a
they do when a natural disaster like a
they do when a natural disaster like a hurricane hits now let’s consider a
hurricane hits now let’s consider a
hurricane hits now let’s consider a modern city it is an urban ecological
modern city it is an urban ecological
modern city it is an urban ecological system that only that does not only
system that only that does not only
system that only that does not only consist of the urban proper but also all
consist of the urban proper but also all
consist of the urban proper but also all of the surrounding lands so in the city
of the surrounding lands so in the city
of the surrounding lands so in the city proper we have what we could call the
proper we have what we could call the
proper we have what we could call the habitation zone the habitation zone is
habitation zone the habitation zone is
habitation zone the habitation zone is the place where people live and work in
the place where people live and work in
the place where people live and work in a safe and healthy environment beyond
a safe and healthy environment beyond
a safe and healthy environment beyond this we have the agricultural zone where
this we have the agricultural zone where
this we have the agricultural zone where people can plant the food that they need
people can plant the food that they need
people can plant the food that they need to survive and then outside of these two
to survive and then outside of these two
to survive and then outside of these two zones we have the beginning of
zones we have the beginning of
zones we have the beginning of wilderness or what I would call the
wilderness or what I would call the
wilderness or what I would call the ecological buffer zone this zone
ecological buffer zone this zone
ecological buffer zone this zone provides ecological services that are
provides ecological services that are
provides ecological services that are used to support the agricultural and
used to support the agricultural and
used to support the agricultural and habitation zones while also providing a
habitation zones while also providing a
habitation zones while also providing a biodiversity that is needed for
biodiversity that is needed for
biodiversity that is needed for competitive redundancy to mitigate risk
competitive redundancy to mitigate risk
competitive redundancy to mitigate risk this model is called the three zone
this model is called the three zone
this model is called the three zone model a system I developed in my
model a system I developed in my
model a system I developed in my sophomore year that is currently being
sophomore year that is currently being
sophomore year that is currently being used by my company to develop habitation
used by my company to develop habitation
used by my company to develop habitation modules for space exploration such as
modules for space exploration such as
modules for space exploration such as this one I think we would all agree that
this one I think we would all agree that
this one I think we would all agree that such a system on Mars would be really
such a system on Mars would be really
such a system on Mars would be really cool so let’s take a closer look inside
cool so let’s take a closer look inside
cool so let’s take a closer look inside the dome we would find a variety of
the dome we would find a variety of
the dome we would find a variety of plant and bug life that has been
plant and bug life that has been
plant and bug life that has been carefully chosen based off the needs of
carefully chosen based off the needs of
carefully chosen based off the needs of the ecological system as well as the
the ecological system as well as the
the ecological system as well as the needs of the crew however as we go about
needs of the crew however as we go about
needs of the crew however as we go about attempting to establish this system some
attempting to establish this system some
attempting to establish this system some plants who will succeed while many are
plants who will succeed while many are
plants who will succeed while many are likely to fail this is due to the plants
likely to fail this is due to the plants
likely to fail this is due to the plants evolving into a unique Martian ecology
evolving into a unique Martian ecology
evolving into a unique Martian ecology through being exposed to higher
through being exposed to higher
through being exposed to higher radiation levels lower atmospheric
radiation levels lower atmospheric
radiation levels lower atmospheric pressure and lower gravity so what will
pressure and lower gravity so what will
pressure and lower gravity so what will our crew do they will have to adapt into
our crew do they will have to adapt into
our crew do they will have to adapt into a unique Martian Akana
a unique Martian Akana
a unique Martian Akana me they will have to go out and find the
me they will have to go out and find the
me they will have to go out and find the food bearing plants in the ecological
food bearing plants in the ecological
food bearing plants in the ecological buffer zone and domesticate them into
buffer zone and domesticate them into
buffer zone and domesticate them into the agricultural zone aha this one’s
the agricultural zone aha this one’s
the agricultural zone aha this one’s working good one of the most common
working good one of the most common
working good one of the most common questions that I am asked is how will I
questions that I am asked is how will I
questions that I am asked is how will I go about achieving this objective I
go about achieving this objective I
go about achieving this objective I agree it’s a daunting problem Institute
agree it’s a daunting problem Institute
agree it’s a daunting problem Institute resource limitations a non-existent
resource limitations a non-existent
resource limitations a non-existent economy and extreme space climate and
economy and extreme space climate and
economy and extreme space climate and extremely long and expensive supply
extremely long and expensive supply
extremely long and expensive supply chain risks limiting human expansion and
chain risks limiting human expansion and
chain risks limiting human expansion and settlement to anywhere outside of Earth
settlement to anywhere outside of Earth
settlement to anywhere outside of Earth so however when you think about it
so however when you think about it
so however when you think about it really the only significant difference
really the only significant difference
really the only significant difference between Mars and say drought-stricken
between Mars and say drought-stricken
between Mars and say drought-stricken Somalia is lower gravity lower
Somalia is lower gravity lower
Somalia is lower gravity lower atmospheric pressure lower light levels
atmospheric pressure lower light levels
atmospheric pressure lower light levels lower temperature higher radiation
lower temperature higher radiation
lower temperature higher radiation levels and a longer supply chain yeah
levels and a longer supply chain yeah
levels and a longer supply chain yeah beyond these the Mars food security
beyond these the Mars food security
beyond these the Mars food security problem is very similar to the earth
problem is very similar to the earth
problem is very similar to the earth food security problem so seriously
food security problem so seriously
food security problem so seriously wouldn’t it makes sense to fall solve
wouldn’t it makes sense to fall solve
wouldn’t it makes sense to fall solve the space food security problem by first
the space food security problem by first
the space food security problem by first solving problems with food security on
solving problems with food security on
solving problems with food security on earth
earth
earth with dwindling agricultural resources
with dwindling agricultural resources
with dwindling agricultural resources affecting our farms local economic
affecting our farms local economic
affecting our farms local economic collapse affecting our inner cities in
collapse affecting our inner cities in
collapse affecting our inner cities in rural towns climate change affecting
rural towns climate change affecting
rural towns climate change affecting regional food supplies and political and
regional food supplies and political and
regional food supplies and political and geographically challenging supply chains
geographically challenging supply chains
geographically challenging supply chains preventing available food from reaching
preventing available food from reaching
preventing available food from reaching millions of people in both developing
millions of people in both developing
millions of people in both developing and developed nations we are in need of
and developed nations we are in need of
and developed nations we are in need of more sustainable solutions for growing
more sustainable solutions for growing
more sustainable solutions for growing food and feeding people on earth so when
food and feeding people on earth so when
food and feeding people on earth so when asked how I’m going to go about doing
asked how I’m going to go about doing
asked how I’m going to go about doing this
this
this I tell people the solution is easy we
I tell people the solution is easy we
I tell people the solution is easy we first have to solve world hunger but
first have to solve world hunger but
first have to solve world hunger but seriously the food security problem in
seriously the food security problem in
seriously the food security problem in places like Somalia are just a little
places like Somalia are just a little
places like Somalia are just a little more simple than the Mars or moon
more simple than the Mars or moon
more simple than the Mars or moon problem the Somalia problem is a lack of
problem the Somalia problem is a lack of
problem the Somalia problem is a lack of Natural Resources problem a local
Natural Resources problem a local
Natural Resources problem a local economic collapse problem a climate
economic collapse problem a climate
economic collapse problem a climate change problem and a political supply
change problem and a political supply
change problem and a political supply chain problem but three things that
chain problem but three things that
chain problem but three things that Somalia does have an abundance
Somalia does have an abundance
Somalia does have an abundance our dirt rocks and sand if we use the
our dirt rocks and sand if we use the
our dirt rocks and sand if we use the sand and rocks to create building
sand and rocks to create building
sand and rocks to create building materials using 3d printing technology
materials using 3d printing technology
materials using 3d printing technology we can construct a system that
we can construct a system that
we can construct a system that incorporates sustainable innovations to
incorporates sustainable innovations to
incorporates sustainable innovations to reduce agricultural resource
reduce agricultural resource
reduce agricultural resource replenishment requirements to what could
replenishment requirements to what could
replenishment requirements to what could be provided locally creating an eco
be provided locally creating an eco
be provided locally creating an eco agricultural system that can be made
agricultural system that can be made
agricultural system that can be made with local plants local microorganisms
with local plants local microorganisms
with local plants local microorganisms and local bugs with the system in place
and local bugs with the system in place
and local bugs with the system in place we can bootstrap a local economy and not
we can bootstrap a local economy and not
we can bootstrap a local economy and not have to worry about establishing and
have to worry about establishing and
have to worry about establishing and maintaining a supply chain you may say
maintaining a supply chain you may say
maintaining a supply chain you may say how is this different from building in
how is this different from building in
how is this different from building in green house a green house relies on a
green house a green house relies on a
green house a green house relies on a supply chain to bring materials into the
supply chain to bring materials into the
supply chain to bring materials into the system it is not self-sufficient meaning
system it is not self-sufficient meaning
system it is not self-sufficient meaning that is not able to function and be
that is not able to function and be
that is not able to function and be productive by itself indefinitely the
productive by itself indefinitely the
productive by itself indefinitely the quasi closed ecological system we could
quasi closed ecological system we could
quasi closed ecological system we could build and maintain with the local
build and maintain with the local
build and maintain with the local community is built to be self-sustaining
community is built to be self-sustaining
community is built to be self-sustaining and provide a local agricultural system
and provide a local agricultural system
and provide a local agricultural system from which the local community can
from which the local community can
from which the local community can benefit but what’s a little bit easier
benefit but what’s a little bit easier
benefit but what’s a little bit easier than this how about a remote remote
than this how about a remote remote
than this how about a remote remote location in a developed nation such as
location in a developed nation such as
location in a developed nation such as the Arctic Circle of Canada or Alaska
the Arctic Circle of Canada or Alaska
the Arctic Circle of Canada or Alaska the Inuit people are having their
the Inuit people are having their
the Inuit people are having their traditional food supplies and economic
traditional food supplies and economic
traditional food supplies and economic activity wiped out by climate change and
activity wiped out by climate change and
activity wiped out by climate change and yet they don’t want to leave their
yet they don’t want to leave their
yet they don’t want to leave their homeland in order to stay many are
homeland in order to stay many are
homeland in order to stay many are having to rely on extremely expensive
having to rely on extremely expensive
having to rely on extremely expensive prepackaged foods that are shipped in
prepackaged foods that are shipped in
prepackaged foods that are shipped in from production companies in North
from production companies in North
from production companies in North America
America
America yet they have plenty of land and water
their major problem with growing their
their major problem with growing their food year-round is the lack of sunlight
food year-round is the lack of sunlight
food year-round is the lack of sunlight for half the year and cold tempers from
for half the year and cold tempers from
for half the year and cold tempers from cold temperatures for most of the year
cold temperatures for most of the year
cold temperatures for most of the year we can build equal agricultural systems
we can build equal agricultural systems
we can build equal agricultural systems that can function year-round by closing
that can function year-round by closing
that can function year-round by closing off the system from the surrounding
off the system from the surrounding
off the system from the surrounding environment to reduce on heat loss and
environment to reduce on heat loss and
environment to reduce on heat loss and providing sustainable lighting systems
providing sustainable lighting systems
providing sustainable lighting systems the system could then provide a local
the system could then provide a local
the system could then provide a local source of food and allow the community
source of food and allow the community
source of food and allow the community to boost their economy by no longer
to boost their economy by no longer
to boost their economy by no longer having to send their money out of local
having to send their money out of local
having to send their money out of local circulation but still what is a little
circulation but still what is a little
circulation but still what is a little bit easier than this
bit easier than this
bit easier than this how about an inner-city in a developed
how about an inner-city in a developed
how about an inner-city in a developed nation such as Mexico City or the
nation such as Mexico City or the
nation such as Mexico City or the southside of Richmond Virginia places
southside of Richmond Virginia places
southside of Richmond Virginia places like this are considered food deserts
like this are considered food deserts
like this are considered food deserts with no extensive local agricultural
with no extensive local agricultural
with no extensive local agricultural system no supermarkets and a high
system no supermarkets and a high
system no supermarkets and a high jobless rate with depressed local
jobless rate with depressed local
jobless rate with depressed local economies the biggest challenge in such
economies the biggest challenge in such
economies the biggest challenge in such locations is building an agricultural
locations is building an agricultural
locations is building an agricultural base that is self-sufficient enough to
base that is self-sufficient enough to
base that is self-sufficient enough to boost the economy such a system will not
boost the economy such a system will not
boost the economy such a system will not last if food growers have to send the
last if food growers have to send the
last if food growers have to send the money earned from their customers
money earned from their customers
money earned from their customers outside of the system to obtain costly
outside of the system to obtain costly
outside of the system to obtain costly resources to run their farms we can
resources to run their farms we can
resources to run their farms we can build systems that require just enough
build systems that require just enough
build systems that require just enough new resources to replace the food value
new resources to replace the food value
new resources to replace the food value leaving the system the local resources
leaving the system the local resources
leaving the system the local resources we can use include an abandoned piece of
we can use include an abandoned piece of
we can use include an abandoned piece of land or lot the soil on-site local and
land or lot the soil on-site local and
land or lot the soil on-site local and traditional plants and crops the
traditional plants and crops the
traditional plants and crops the knowledge of the people in the community
knowledge of the people in the community
knowledge of the people in the community and local fertilizer power and farm
and local fertilizer power and farm
and local fertilizer power and farm maintenance businesses that are present
maintenance businesses that are present
maintenance businesses that are present or could be established a depressed
or could be established a depressed
or could be established a depressed community could then rebuild their
community could then rebuild their
community could then rebuild their economy on this agricultural basis and
economy on this agricultural basis and
economy on this agricultural basis and have the ability to grow their own fresh
have the ability to grow their own fresh
have the ability to grow their own fresh and clean food year-round but what is a
and clean food year-round but what is a
and clean food year-round but what is a little easier than this you can kind of
little easier than this you can kind of
little easier than this you can kind of see where I’m going with this small
see where I’m going with this small
see where I’m going with this small farms and food growers in developed
farms and food growers in developed
farms and food growers in developed nations are struggling with staying in
nations are struggling with staying in
nations are struggling with staying in business the cost of fertilizer and fuel
business the cost of fertilizer and fuel
business the cost of fertilizer and fuel limited resource of water and the
limited resource of water and the
limited resource of water and the competition of conglomerated industrial
competition of conglomerated industrial
competition of conglomerated industrial firms have been driving family farms out
firms have been driving family farms out
firms have been driving family farms out of business for decades the problem is
of business for decades the problem is
of business for decades the problem is only getting worse and where we lose
only getting worse and where we lose
only getting worse and where we lose small farms and food growers we depress
small farms and food growers we depress
small farms and food growers we depress rural communities and eliminate local
rural communities and eliminate local
rural communities and eliminate local food sources we are currently working on
food sources we are currently working on
food sources we are currently working on developing sustainable innovative
developing sustainable innovative
developing sustainable innovative solutions to 14 functional resource
solutions to 14 functional resource
solutions to 14 functional resource areas such as water and waste
areas such as water and waste
areas such as water and waste reclamation and retention and light
reclamation and retention and light
reclamation and retention and light availability 365 days per year that
availability 365 days per year that
availability 365 days per year that small farms and food growers will be
small farms and food growers will be
small farms and food growers will be able to use to decribe
able to use to decribe
able to use to decribe decrease the cost of business increase
decrease the cost of business increase
decrease the cost of business increase yield and remain operational in
yield and remain operational in
yield and remain operational in off-season and poor growth conditions
deep space ecology is a company that
deep space ecology is a company that people in the space industry would say
people in the space industry would say
people in the space industry would say is a new space company the primary core
is a new space company the primary core
is a new space company the primary core goal of new space companies is earth
goal of new space companies is earth
goal of new space companies is earth first we create solutions for problems
first we create solutions for problems
first we create solutions for problems on earth first for later spin into space
on earth first for later spin into space
on earth first for later spin into space applications such as creating
applications such as creating
applications such as creating sustainable food systems on Mars and who
sustainable food systems on Mars and who
sustainable food systems on Mars and who knows maybe we’ll start building
knows maybe we’ll start building
knows maybe we’ll start building habitation systems for the oceans and
habitation systems for the oceans and
habitation systems for the oceans and find ourselves living in the subsurface
find ourselves living in the subsurface
find ourselves living in the subsurface oceans of Europa the possibilities are
oceans of Europa the possibilities are
oceans of Europa the possibilities are limitless these are the voyages of deep
limitless these are the voyages of deep
limitless these are the voyages of deep space ecology our 10-year mission to
space ecology our 10-year mission to
space ecology our 10-year mission to provide solutions for food security on
provide solutions for food security on
provide solutions for food security on earth spread life throughout our solar
earth spread life throughout our solar
earth spread life throughout our solar system to boldly go into uncharted
system to boldly go into uncharted
system to boldly go into uncharted waters where no one has gone before
waters where no one has gone before
waters where no one has gone before thank you
thank you
thank you [Applause]
”
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