The future of medicine | Aaron Ciechanover | TEDxTelAviv

four years ago exactly in February of

four years ago exactly in February of 200 2013 Angelina Jolie this wonderful

200 2013 Angelina Jolie this wonderful

200 2013 Angelina Jolie this wonderful and talented American actress has

and talented American actress has

and talented American actress has undergone an operation to remove her two

undergone an operation to remove her two

undergone an operation to remove her two breasts two years laters in March of

breasts two years laters in March of

breasts two years laters in March of 2015 she has undergone another operation

2015 she has undergone another operation

2015 she has undergone another operation now to remove her two ovaries why did

now to remove her two ovaries why did

now to remove her two ovaries why did she do it she did it because her mother

she do it she did it because her mother

she do it she did it because her mother her aunt the sister of her mother and

her aunt the sister of her mother and

her aunt the sister of her mother and her grandmother died successively from

her grandmother died successively from

her grandmother died successively from two diseases

two diseases

two diseases breast cancer in ovarian cancer and she

breast cancer in ovarian cancer and she

breast cancer in ovarian cancer and she suspected that she is carrying a gene

suspected that she is carrying a gene

suspected that she is carrying a gene that when mutated is leading resulting

that when mutated is leading resulting

that when mutated is leading resulting in these diseases in the genus called

in these diseases in the genus called

in these diseases in the genus called bracha one breast cancer number one she

bracha one breast cancer number one she

bracha one breast cancer number one she has undergone a genetic test and she was

has undergone a genetic test and she was

has undergone a genetic test and she was found indeed to be positive for the

found indeed to be positive for the

found indeed to be positive for the mutated gene what did she do

mutated gene what did she do

mutated gene what did she do practically personally she removed a

practically personally she removed a

practically personally she removed a ticking bomb from her body

ticking bomb from her body

ticking bomb from her body that was out to explode 80% o to explode

that was out to explode 80% o to explode

that was out to explode 80% o to explode 80% chances of getting breast cancer and

80% chances of getting breast cancer and

80% chances of getting breast cancer and 40% which is very high chances of

40% which is very high chances of

40% which is very high chances of getting ovarian cancer which we all know

getting ovarian cancer which we all know

getting ovarian cancer which we all know is a deadly disease what did she do

is a deadly disease what did she do

is a deadly disease what did she do publicly and maybe unknowingly she

publicly and maybe unknowingly she

publicly and maybe unknowingly she ushered in the third revolution of

ushered in the third revolution of

ushered in the third revolution of medicine which we all call now the

medicine which we all call now the

medicine which we all call now the revolution of personalized or precise

revolution of personalized or precise

revolution of personalized or precise medicine what is personalized she

medicine what is personalized she

medicine what is personalized she Angelina Jolie has the mutation not on

Angelina Jolie has the mutation not on

Angelina Jolie has the mutation not on women that have breast cancer have this

women that have breast cancer have this

women that have breast cancer have this mutation actually rather a small group

mutation actually rather a small group

mutation actually rather a small group so that’s personal precise because we

so that’s personal precise because we

so that’s personal precise because we are able to diagnose exactly the

are able to diagnose exactly the

are able to diagnose exactly the mutation that lead to those two diseases

mutation that lead to those two diseases

mutation that lead to those two diseases actually this revolution the third

actually this revolution the third

actually this revolution the third revolution

revolution

revolution have additional three-piece – we talked

have additional three-piece – we talked

have additional three-piece – we talked already about personal personalized and

already about personal personalized and

already about personal personalized and precise the additional three are

precise the additional three are

precise the additional three are predictive we can predict the disease

predictive we can predict the disease

predictive we can predict the disease actually she knew that she is going to

actually she knew that she is going to

actually she knew that she is going to have the disease in the future and

have the disease in the future and

have the disease in the future and therefore she can prevent the disease by

therefore she can prevent the disease by

therefore she can prevent the disease by taking the appropriate measures and last

taking the appropriate measures and last

taking the appropriate measures and last but not least the participatory part gun

but not least the participatory part gun

but not least the participatory part gun are the days that the doctor is the

are the days that the doctor is the

are the days that the doctor is the patron of our body the patient himself

patron of our body the patient himself

patron of our body the patient himself or herself takes responsibility for his

or herself takes responsibility for his

or herself takes responsibility for his or her own faith you can imagine the

or her own faith you can imagine the

or her own faith you can imagine the weight of the disease for this woman or

weight of the disease for this woman or

weight of the disease for this woman or any woman to remove the womanhood the

any woman to remove the womanhood the

any woman to remove the womanhood the symbol of womanhood from her body by

symbol of womanhood from her body by

symbol of womanhood from her body by that she truly assured this revolution

that she truly assured this revolution

that she truly assured this revolution what is the revolution in general

what is the revolution in general

what is the revolution in general revolution is a paradigm shift we are

revolution is a paradigm shift we are

revolution is a paradigm shift we are changing the way that we have behaved

changing the way that we have behaved

changing the way that we have behaved until now in a radical way why

until now in a radical way why

until now in a radical way why revolutions are coming in science and

revolutions are coming in science and

revolutions are coming in science and anywhere one because we are not

anywhere one because we are not

anywhere one because we are not satisfied with what we are doing and to

satisfied with what we are doing and to

satisfied with what we are doing and to the technology allows us to move forward

the technology allows us to move forward

the technology allows us to move forward we need these to condition the

we need these to condition the

we need these to condition the dissatisfaction and the technology that

dissatisfaction and the technology that

dissatisfaction and the technology that will be on our side in order to move

will be on our side in order to move

will be on our side in order to move forward but let’s go back a little bit

forward but let’s go back a little bit

forward but let’s go back a little bit it all starts with a dream at the end of

it all starts with a dream at the end of

it all starts with a dream at the end of the day we are running by dreams to

the day we are running by dreams to

the day we are running by dreams to remain young forever to remove the word

remain young forever to remove the word

remain young forever to remove the word aging from our vocabulary and most

aging from our vocabulary and most

aging from our vocabulary and most importantly to cure all diseases to live

importantly to cure all diseases to live

importantly to cure all diseases to live young and healthy and to remove even

young and healthy and to remove even

young and healthy and to remove even this full fearful disease from our world

this full fearful disease from our world

this full fearful disease from our world is this dream possible at all well when

is this dream possible at all well when

is this dream possible at all well when we look into history I can tell you that

we look into history I can tell you that

we look into history I can tell you that we are doing or we have done the first

we are doing or we have done the first

we are doing or we have done the first steps whether we shall be able to make

steps whether we shall be able to make

steps whether we shall be able to make the next steps is still doubtful

the next steps is still doubtful

the next steps is still doubtful let’s think about history a little bit

let’s think about history a little bit

let’s think about history a little bit 100 years ago that our

100 years ago that our

100 years ago that our of the 20th century people lived on the

of the 20th century people lived on the

of the 20th century people lived on the average 50 years 55 years people died of

average 50 years 55 years people died of

average 50 years 55 years people died of infections of bubonic plague of polio of

infections of bubonic plague of polio of

infections of bubonic plague of polio of cholera woman died during delivery in

cholera woman died during delivery in

cholera woman died during delivery in order for family to have two children

order for family to have two children

order for family to have two children the woman has to give birth to ten

the woman has to give birth to ten

the woman has to give birth to ten children to seven children

children to seven children

children to seven children nowaday we can raise one single children

nowaday we can raise one single children

nowaday we can raise one single children with one birth in one century one

with one birth in one century one

with one birth in one century one century we were able to increase

century we were able to increase

century we were able to increase lifespan by thirty years let take this

lifespan by thirty years let take this

lifespan by thirty years let take this number even further down the road let’s

number even further down the road let’s

number even further down the road let’s think about the Romans the Egyptians the

think about the Romans the Egyptians the

think about the Romans the Egyptians the Greeks four thousand years ago people

Greeks four thousand years ago people

Greeks four thousand years ago people were living on the average twenty-five

were living on the average twenty-five

were living on the average twenty-five to thirty years it took four thousand

to thirty years it took four thousand

to thirty years it took four thousand years in order to increase life time by

years in order to increase life time by

years in order to increase life time by merely twenty years in all of a sudden

merely twenty years in all of a sudden

merely twenty years in all of a sudden one single magic century the 20th

one single magic century the 20th

one single magic century the 20th century thirty more years were added to

century thirty more years were added to

century thirty more years were added to our lives and we are still keep on

our lives and we are still keep on

our lives and we are still keep on climbing what happened in the twentieth

climbing what happened in the twentieth

climbing what happened in the twentieth century many things did happen in the

century many things did happen in the

century many things did happen in the 20th century mostly science and

20th century mostly science and

20th century mostly science and technology vaccinations we removed all

technology vaccinations we removed all

technology vaccinations we removed all the epidemics from our lives polio was

the epidemics from our lives polio was

the epidemics from our lives polio was gone cholera was gone bubonic plague was

gone cholera was gone bubonic plague was

gone cholera was gone bubonic plague was gone

gone

gone pertussis was gone antibiotics we are

pertussis was gone antibiotics we are

pertussis was gone antibiotics we are able to fight infections Imaging

able to fight infections Imaging

able to fight infections Imaging Engineering came to our help

Engineering came to our help

Engineering came to our help initially roentgen but then CT scan and

initially roentgen but then CT scan and

initially roentgen but then CT scan and MRI we can now follow from the outside

MRI we can now follow from the outside

MRI we can now follow from the outside of the body the body actions from the

of the body the body actions from the

of the body the body actions from the very outside by looking by using very

very outside by looking by using very

very outside by looking by using very sophisticated devices and we are still

sophisticated devices and we are still

sophisticated devices and we are still keep on running very soon we shall be

keep on running very soon we shall be

keep on running very soon we shall be able to replace tissues now we are doing

able to replace tissues now we are doing

able to replace tissues now we are doing it with metals we can replace joints we

it with metals we can replace joints we

it with metals we can replace joints we can replace heart valves but very soon

can replace heart valves but very soon

can replace heart valves but very soon we shall be able to use soft tissues

we shall be able to use soft tissues

we shall be able to use soft tissues once we shall have diabetes when the

once we shall have diabetes when the

once we shall have diabetes when the pancreas doesn’t secret anymore insulin

pancreas doesn’t secret anymore insulin

pancreas doesn’t secret anymore insulin we shall take embryonic cells reprogram

we shall take embryonic cells reprogram

we shall take embryonic cells reprogram them to risa creat insulin and put them

them to risa creat insulin and put them

them to risa creat insulin and put them back into the patient and for those of

back into the patient and for those of

back into the patient and for those of you are not aware diabetes is the number

you are not aware diabetes is the number

you are not aware diabetes is the number one epidemic of the Western

one epidemic of the Western

one epidemic of the Western world for patient that are suffering

world for patient that are suffering

world for patient that are suffering from Parkinson disease this disease that

from Parkinson disease this disease that

from Parkinson disease this disease that we are trembling that we cannot

we are trembling that we cannot

we are trembling that we cannot stabilize our organ we cannot write we

stabilize our organ we cannot write we

stabilize our organ we cannot write we cannot eat we cannot cut our food we

cannot eat we cannot cut our food we

cannot eat we cannot cut our food we cannot button our shirts we cannot dry

cannot button our shirts we cannot dry

cannot button our shirts we cannot dry ourselves after the shower we shall be

ourselves after the shower we shall be

ourselves after the shower we shall be able to take the brain cells that

able to take the brain cells that

able to take the brain cells that secrete this stabilizing material and

secrete this stabilizing material and

secrete this stabilizing material and have gone already have been degenerated

have gone already have been degenerated

have gone already have been degenerated reprogram embryonic cells to reset rate

reprogram embryonic cells to reset rate

reprogram embryonic cells to reset rate this material put them back into the

this material put them back into the

this material put them back into the patient and move on so it’s science

patient and move on so it’s science

patient and move on so it’s science technology and medicine but along with

technology and medicine but along with

technology and medicine but along with it is coming the typical device that we

it is coming the typical device that we

it is coming the typical device that we have been used for ever and these are

have been used for ever and these are

have been used for ever and these are the drugs the drug that we are buying in

the drugs the drug that we are buying in

the drugs the drug that we are buying in the pharmacy and now we are entering the

the pharmacy and now we are entering the

the pharmacy and now we are entering the third revolution as I mentioned to you

third revolution as I mentioned to you

third revolution as I mentioned to you but let’s go back a little bit to the

but let’s go back a little bit to the

but let’s go back a little bit to the first revolution and the first

first revolution and the first

first revolution and the first revolution was the revolution of

revolution was the revolution of

revolution was the revolution of serendipity those drugs blockbuster

serendipity those drugs blockbuster

serendipity those drugs blockbuster drugs were discovered by complete

drugs were discovered by complete

drugs were discovered by complete serendipity think about the aspirin

serendipity think about the aspirin

serendipity think about the aspirin aspirin initially was used to remove

aspirin initially was used to remove

aspirin initially was used to remove fever and to remove pain but now aspirin

fever and to remove pain but now aspirin

fever and to remove pain but now aspirin is number one drug to prevent heart

is number one drug to prevent heart

is number one drug to prevent heart attack to prevent clogging of blood in

attack to prevent clogging of blood in

attack to prevent clogging of blood in the arteries that lead blood to the

the arteries that lead blood to the

the arteries that lead blood to the heart itself which cause us to just drop

heart itself which cause us to just drop

heart itself which cause us to just drop dead from a heart attack god forbid

dead from a heart attack god forbid

dead from a heart attack god forbid number one preventer of heart attacks

number one preventer of heart attacks

number one preventer of heart attacks it’s number one prevent or now of cancer

it’s number one prevent or now of cancer

it’s number one prevent or now of cancer without going into too sophisticated

without going into too sophisticated

without going into too sophisticated mechanism aspirin is now number one came

mechanism aspirin is now number one came

mechanism aspirin is now number one came up preventive drug to prevent many types

up preventive drug to prevent many types

up preventive drug to prevent many types of cancer how aspirin was discovered by

of cancer how aspirin was discovered by

of cancer how aspirin was discovered by the old Egyptians 4000 years ago the

the old Egyptians 4000 years ago the

the old Egyptians 4000 years ago the leaves of the willow bark it hava that

leaves of the willow bark it hava that

leaves of the willow bark it hava that grew up on the banks of the nile river

grew up on the banks of the nile river

grew up on the banks of the nile river were very bitter to chew but their

were very bitter to chew but their

were very bitter to chew but their rejections noted that while chewing them

rejections noted that while chewing them

rejections noted that while chewing them you can relieve pain then it took four

you can relieve pain then it took four

you can relieve pain then it took four thousand years buyer in germany

thousand years buyer in germany

thousand years buyer in germany developed the drug to become initially

developed the drug to become initially

developed the drug to become initially against fever and inflammation and

against fever and inflammation and

against fever and inflammation and 10 20 years ago to become the best

10 20 years ago to become the best

10 20 years ago to become the best anticoagulant and best mo preventive for

anticoagulant and best mo preventive for

anticoagulant and best mo preventive for cancer think about penicillin the first

cancer think about penicillin the first

cancer think about penicillin the first antibiotic I cannot imagine the world of

antibiotic I cannot imagine the world of

antibiotic I cannot imagine the world of medicine today without antibiotics

medicine today without antibiotics

medicine today without antibiotics penicillin was discovered by complete

penicillin was discovered by complete

penicillin was discovered by complete serendipity by Sir Alexander Fleming a

serendipity by Sir Alexander Fleming a

serendipity by Sir Alexander Fleming a British scientist that bloated that

British scientist that bloated that

British scientist that bloated that fungi and bacteria cannot grow together

fungi and bacteria cannot grow together

fungi and bacteria cannot grow together there is always a distance between the

there is always a distance between the

there is always a distance between the two of them when they grow on the same

two of them when they grow on the same

two of them when they grow on the same dish and he surmised that the fungus

dish and he surmised that the fungus

dish and he surmised that the fungus secretes a material that he called an T

secretes a material that he called an T

secretes a material that he called an T against BIOS life it was all

against BIOS life it was all

against BIOS life it was all serendipitous observation that really

serendipitous observation that really

serendipitous observation that really saved millions and millions of lives

saved millions and millions of lives

saved millions and millions of lives during the recent history

during the recent history

during the recent history so the first revolution serendipity you

so the first revolution serendipity you

so the first revolution serendipity you trust me that we cannot live on

trust me that we cannot live on

trust me that we cannot live on serendipity when we are trying to cure

serendipity when we are trying to cure

serendipity when we are trying to cure dry diseases serendipity you know either

dry diseases serendipity you know either

dry diseases serendipity you know either it comes or it doesn’t come the second

it comes or it doesn’t come the second

it comes or it doesn’t come the second revolution was the revolution of

revolution was the revolution of

revolution was the revolution of chemistry and what we called

chemistry and what we called

chemistry and what we called high-throughput screening let me just

high-throughput screening let me just

high-throughput screening let me just explain it to you in a very simple

explain it to you in a very simple

explain it to you in a very simple language there are numerous chemicals

language there are numerous chemicals

language there are numerous chemicals available today millions of different

available today millions of different

available today millions of different chemicals that were synthesized during

chemicals that were synthesized during

chemicals that were synthesized during different processes and on the other

different processes and on the other

different processes and on the other hand we developed very simple model for

hand we developed very simple model for

hand we developed very simple model for diseases we can have cells that secrete

diseases we can have cells that secrete

diseases we can have cells that secrete cholesterol which will mimic heart

cholesterol which will mimic heart

cholesterol which will mimic heart attack we can have cancer cells that

attack we can have cancer cells that

attack we can have cancer cells that grow in the dish that mimic cancer and

grow in the dish that mimic cancer and

grow in the dish that mimic cancer and we can just match the two we take one

we can just match the two we take one

we can just match the two we take one chemical after one chemical after the

chemical after one chemical after the

chemical after one chemical after the other chemical and try them one by one

other chemical and try them one by one

other chemical and try them one by one by one by one until one will stop the

by one by one until one will stop the

by one by one until one will stop the growth of the tumor imagine that you are

growth of the tumor imagine that you are

growth of the tumor imagine that you are leaving home and forget the key behind

leaving home and forget the key behind

leaving home and forget the key behind you what you are doing you are calling

you what you are doing you are calling

you what you are doing you are calling the company and the company typically in

the company and the company typically in

the company and the company typically in the old days would have come with

the old days would have come with

the old days would have come with thousand to 500 kids one of them will

thousand to 500 kids one of them will

thousand to 500 kids one of them will open the door

open the door

open the door why because the company is making so

why because the company is making so

why because the company is making so many kids so did evolution made so many

many kids so did evolution made so many

many kids so did evolution made so many shapes that one of them will be fitted

shapes that one of them will be fitted

shapes that one of them will be fitted by a typical chemical so this was half a

by a typical chemical so this was half a

by a typical chemical so this was half a serendipity this was what I call non

serendipity this was what I call non

serendipity this was what I call non intelligent screening but many very

intelligent screening but many very

intelligent screening but many very useful drugs were discovered by this

useful drugs were discovered by this

useful drugs were discovered by this method statins for example the

method statins for example the

method statins for example the blockbuster drug that is sold by

blockbuster drug that is sold by

blockbuster drug that is sold by billions of dollars a year to

billions of dollars a year to

billions of dollars a year to reduce the level of cholesterol for

reduce the level of cholesterol for

reduce the level of cholesterol for patient that are suffering from high

patient that are suffering from high

patient that are suffering from high cholesterol that lead to heart attack

cholesterol that lead to heart attack

cholesterol that lead to heart attack was discovered by seven by this type of

was discovered by seven by this type of

was discovered by seven by this type of screening a Japanese scientist by the

screening a Japanese scientist by the

screening a Japanese scientist by the name of Akira endo just screamed a

name of Akira endo just screamed a

name of Akira endo just screamed a library we call it a library of a

library we call it a library of a

library we call it a library of a hundred thousand chemicals natural

hundred thousand chemicals natural

hundred thousand chemicals natural products coming from Japan and he found

products coming from Japan and he found

products coming from Japan and he found one of them that we lower the production

one of them that we lower the production

one of them that we lower the production of cholesterol and shortly after it

of cholesterol and shortly after it

of cholesterol and shortly after it became a blockbuster drug so why not to

became a blockbuster drug so why not to

became a blockbuster drug so why not to screen and screen and screen and screen

screen and screen and screen and screen

screen and screen and screen and screen until we find q2 all diseases well we

until we find q2 all diseases well we

until we find q2 all diseases well we cannot do it the reason is that we are

cannot do it the reason is that we are

cannot do it the reason is that we are human beings we are doing it screening

human beings we are doing it screening

human beings we are doing it screening is carried out on a simple disease

is carried out on a simple disease

is carried out on a simple disease models and human beings are much more

models and human beings are much more

models and human beings are much more complex than these simple disease models

complex than these simple disease models

complex than these simple disease models we are men and women we are tall and low

we are men and women we are tall and low

we are men and women we are tall and low we are fat and a little bit or big to be

we are fat and a little bit or big to be

we are fat and a little bit or big to be politically correct and thin we are

politically correct and thin we are

politically correct and thin we are living in different climates but mostly

living in different climates but mostly

living in different climates but mostly we are equipped with a different genetic

we are equipped with a different genetic

we are equipped with a different genetic repertoire we cannot even transfuse

repertoire we cannot even transfuse

repertoire we cannot even transfuse blood to one another we have eight type

blood to one another we have eight type

blood to one another we have eight type of Bloods we need to be sure that we are

of Bloods we need to be sure that we are

of Bloods we need to be sure that we are transfusing the same very type of blood

transfusing the same very type of blood

transfusing the same very type of blood to a patient in the operation theater

to a patient in the operation theater

to a patient in the operation theater not to say transplanting a kidney that’s

not to say transplanting a kidney that’s

not to say transplanting a kidney that’s 1/2 a million not to say transplanting

1/2 a million not to say transplanting

1/2 a million not to say transplanting bone-marrow this is one to ten million

bone-marrow this is one to ten million

bone-marrow this is one to ten million and we need to make magic so we are very

and we need to make magic so we are very

and we need to make magic so we are very different from one another therefore

different from one another therefore

different from one another therefore there is no wonder the disease’s behave

there is no wonder the disease’s behave

there is no wonder the disease’s behave very different in us the same so-called

very different in us the same so-called

very different in us the same so-called disease will behave very different in

disease will behave very different in

disease will behave very different in different people if we take a group of

different people if we take a group of

different people if we take a group of people that is diagnosed in the same day

people that is diagnosed in the same day

people that is diagnosed in the same day with prostate cancer men breast cancer

with prostate cancer men breast cancer

with prostate cancer men breast cancer woman Alzheimer doesn’t matter what any

woman Alzheimer doesn’t matter what any

woman Alzheimer doesn’t matter what any disease and we follow them along the

disease and we follow them along the

disease and we follow them along the time we see that they split some of them

time we see that they split some of them

time we see that they split some of them are cured and some of them either remain

are cured and some of them either remain

are cured and some of them either remain chronic patients or unfortunately pass

chronic patients or unfortunately pass

chronic patients or unfortunately pass away they split and the question is how

away they split and the question is how

away they split and the question is how do we know how can we predict what’s

do we know how can we predict what’s

do we know how can we predict what’s going on there

going on there

going on there how we can tell the patient or how we

how we can tell the patient or how we

how we can tell the patient or how we can better treat the patient that we

can better treat the patient that we

can better treat the patient that we know is going to belong to the worsening

know is going to belong to the worsening

know is going to belong to the worsening group via the DNA now we have a chip

group via the DNA now we have a chip

group via the DNA now we have a chip that we can diagnose on the chip the

that we can diagnose on the chip the

that we can diagnose on the chip the exact mutation the exact cause that

exact mutation the exact cause that

exact mutation the exact cause that leads to the disease and what happened

leads to the disease and what happened

leads to the disease and what happened is that a new oral discovered for us

is that a new oral discovered for us

is that a new oral discovered for us what we call breast cancer is not a

what we call breast cancer is not a

what we call breast cancer is not a disease anymore it’s actually a group of

disease anymore it’s actually a group of

disease anymore it’s actually a group of numerous diseases that are caused by

numerous diseases that are caused by

numerous diseases that are caused by numerous mutation what we call prostate

numerous mutation what we call prostate

numerous mutation what we call prostate cancer heart attack excess of

cancer heart attack excess of

cancer heart attack excess of cholesterol any disease is actually just

cholesterol any disease is actually just

cholesterol any disease is actually just a name for a symptom let me just use a

a name for a symptom let me just use a

a name for a symptom let me just use a very simple example take a car that you

very simple example take a car that you

very simple example take a car that you cannot ignite in the morning well that’s

cannot ignite in the morning well that’s

cannot ignite in the morning well that’s the symptoms that’s the disease but the

the symptoms that’s the disease but the

the symptoms that’s the disease but the reason can be an empty battery the

reason can be an empty battery the

reason can be an empty battery the reason can be wet sparks the reason can

reason can be wet sparks the reason can

reason can be wet sparks the reason can be god forbid that you forgot to feel

be god forbid that you forgot to feel

be god forbid that you forgot to feel oil into the engine and the cylinders

oil into the engine and the cylinders

oil into the engine and the cylinders got stuck in their barrels and it can be

got stuck in their barrels and it can be

got stuck in their barrels and it can be just simple you forgot to fill it with

just simple you forgot to fill it with

just simple you forgot to fill it with glass there is no gas in there so there

glass there is no gas in there so there

glass there is no gas in there so there is a cause if you’ll take a car that

is a cause if you’ll take a car that

is a cause if you’ll take a car that doesn’t have a battery and change the

doesn’t have a battery and change the

doesn’t have a battery and change the sparks it will still not turn on so

sparks it will still not turn on so

sparks it will still not turn on so think about the diseases the same very

think about the diseases the same very

think about the diseases the same very problem and the problem is that our

problem and the problem is that our

problem and the problem is that our ability to read the information came out

ability to read the information came out

ability to read the information came out only in 2000 exactly in April of 2000

only in 2000 exactly in April of 2000

only in 2000 exactly in April of 2000 the human genome what makes us what we

the human genome what makes us what we

the human genome what makes us what we are was become available only in 2000 it

are was become available only in 2000 it

are was become available only in 2000 it was a huge multinational effort they

was a huge multinational effort they

was a huge multinational effort they took seven hundred million dollars seven

took seven hundred million dollars seven

took seven hundred million dollars seven hundred million dollars and seven years

hundred million dollars and seven years

hundred million dollars and seven years of work and within the last 15 years or

of work and within the last 15 years or

of work and within the last 15 years or 16 years from 2000 until now we were

16 years from 2000 until now we were

16 years from 2000 until now we were able to shrink the distance from 700

able to shrink the distance from 700

able to shrink the distance from 700 million dollar to less than five

million dollar to less than five

million dollar to less than five thousand dollars and from seven years to

thousand dollars and from seven years to

thousand dollars and from seven years to about an hour we are able now to

about an hour we are able now to

about an hour we are able now to sequence the DNA of each and every one

sequence the DNA of each and every one

sequence the DNA of each and every one of us within an hour or two with the

of us within an hour or two with the

of us within an hour or two with the cost of $5,000 and within a year or two

cost of $5,000 and within a year or two

cost of $5,000 and within a year or two this will be reduced even to five

this will be reduced even to five

this will be reduced even to five hundred dollars basically a head scan

hundred dollars basically a head scan

hundred dollars basically a head scan MRI a little bit routine on a little bit

MRI a little bit routine on a little bit

MRI a little bit routine on a little bit expensive side of the routine that’s the

expensive side of the routine that’s the

expensive side of the routine that’s the achievement of medicine and what it

achievement of medicine and what it

achievement of medicine and what it brings with us it brings

brings with us it brings

brings with us it brings exactly the third revolution the

exactly the third revolution the

exactly the third revolution the revolution of personalized medicine and

revolution of personalized medicine and

revolution of personalized medicine and the revolution of personalized medicine

the revolution of personalized medicine

the revolution of personalized medicine is of course embedded in our DNA but not

is of course embedded in our DNA but not

is of course embedded in our DNA but not only in our DNA you know the DNA is just

only in our DNA you know the DNA is just

only in our DNA you know the DNA is just the beginning it’s the root DNA is

the beginning it’s the root DNA is

the beginning it’s the root DNA is making RNA and RNA is making proteins

making RNA and RNA is making proteins

making RNA and RNA is making proteins and we’re now developing in parallel a

and we’re now developing in parallel a

and we’re now developing in parallel a whole set of technologies which are

whole set of technologies which are

whole set of technologies which are called omics the genomics the

called omics the genomics the

called omics the genomics the transcriptomics the metabolomics and we

transcriptomics the metabolomics and we

transcriptomics the metabolomics and we are able to profile each and every one

are able to profile each and every one

are able to profile each and every one of us with the exact profile that will

of us with the exact profile that will

of us with the exact profile that will pinpoint to the reason of the disease

pinpoint to the reason of the disease

pinpoint to the reason of the disease but here come the price that we have to

but here come the price that we have to

but here come the price that we have to pay for this lunch that until few

pay for this lunch that until few

pay for this lunch that until few minutes ago you all thought it’s free

minutes ago you all thought it’s free

minutes ago you all thought it’s free there are no free lunches and there are

there are no free lunches and there are

there are no free lunches and there are many prices for this lunch one price is

many prices for this lunch one price is

many prices for this lunch one price is obviously the pharma companies they hate

obviously the pharma companies they hate

obviously the pharma companies they hate it because the same market of breast

it because the same market of breast

it because the same market of breast cancer will be now divided to ten

cancer will be now divided to ten

cancer will be now divided to ten different breast cancer and the so for

different breast cancer and the so for

different breast cancer and the so for prostate cancer and for every other

prostate cancer and for every other

prostate cancer and for every other disease and they will have to develop

disease and they will have to develop

disease and they will have to develop many more drugs for the same market

many more drugs for the same market

many more drugs for the same market share so economically they don’t like it

share so economically they don’t like it

share so economically they don’t like it until now they enjoyed what we call the

until now they enjoyed what we call the

until now they enjoyed what we call the market of the blockbusters the assault

market of the blockbusters the assault

market of the blockbusters the assault drugs for billions of dollars even

drugs for billions of dollars even

drugs for billions of dollars even though the drug didn’t help the patients

though the drug didn’t help the patients

though the drug didn’t help the patients or help them only nicely but what could

or help them only nicely but what could

or help them only nicely but what could they do that’s the only drug that was

they do that’s the only drug that was

they do that’s the only drug that was for choice for them so you take it then

for choice for them so you take it then

for choice for them so you take it then you say ok even the little may help so

you say ok even the little may help so

you say ok even the little may help so this is one issue but the other issue is

this is one issue but the other issue is

this is one issue but the other issue is the ethical issue and the ethical issue

the ethical issue and the ethical issue

the ethical issue and the ethical issue is exactly the ethical issue that I

is exactly the ethical issue that I

is exactly the ethical issue that I pointed out with Angelina Jolie it’s the

pointed out with Angelina Jolie it’s the

pointed out with Angelina Jolie it’s the knowledge of what we are having do we

knowledge of what we are having do we

knowledge of what we are having do we want to know it don’t we want to know do

want to know it don’t we want to know do

want to know it don’t we want to know do we have a choice whether we want to know

we have a choice whether we want to know

we have a choice whether we want to know it or don’t want to know it actually we

it or don’t want to know it actually we

it or don’t want to know it actually we are not going to have a choice it’s

are not going to have a choice it’s

are not going to have a choice it’s going to be a routine test in the

going to be a routine test in the

going to be a routine test in the hospital and I can tell you just one

hospital and I can tell you just one

hospital and I can tell you just one example me I’ll tell you about myself

example me I’ll tell you about myself

example me I’ll tell you about myself it’s not a true one you walk into the

it’s not a true one you walk into the

it’s not a true one you walk into the emergency room with a simple complain of

emergency room with a simple complain of

emergency room with a simple complain of a chest pain typical for heart attack

a chest pain typical for heart attack

a chest pain typical for heart attack the doctor is making ECG takes the blood

the doctor is making ECG takes the blood

the doctor is making ECG takes the blood tests tells you no Aaron I’m happy to

tests tells you no Aaron I’m happy to

tests tells you no Aaron I’m happy to tell you that you don’t have a heart

tell you that you don’t have a heart

tell you that you don’t have a heart attack but you are carrying a gene the

attack but you are carrying a gene the

attack but you are carrying a gene the carries high susceptibility to Alzheimer

carries high susceptibility to Alzheimer

carries high susceptibility to Alzheimer disease to evolve in ten years Wow

disease to evolve in ten years Wow

disease to evolve in ten years Wow I walked into the emergency room for

I walked into the emergency room for

I walked into the emergency room for Hodges for a heart attack or four to

Hodges for a heart attack or four to

Hodges for a heart attack or four to ruling out heart attack or for chest

ruling out heart attack or for chest

ruling out heart attack or for chest pain and Here I am walking out with a

pain and Here I am walking out with a

pain and Here I am walking out with a threatening awful disease what do I do

threatening awful disease what do I do

threatening awful disease what do I do with the information do I tell my wife I

with the information do I tell my wife I

with the information do I tell my wife I believe that yes of course she’s loyal

believe that yes of course she’s loyal

believe that yes of course she’s loyal to me we have been married for a long

to me we have been married for a long

to me we have been married for a long time but then do I tell my employer

time but then do I tell my employer

time but then do I tell my employer that’s a much more complicated issue and

that’s a much more complicated issue and

that’s a much more complicated issue and do I tell my insurance agent will he

do I tell my insurance agent will he

do I tell my insurance agent will he revoke my insurance well that’s another

revoke my insurance well that’s another

revoke my insurance well that’s another complicated issue and the most

complicated issue and the most

complicated issue and the most complicated issue is what do I tell my

complicated issue is what do I tell my

complicated issue is what do I tell my children they may be carriers of the

children they may be carriers of the

children they may be carriers of the gene as well and they are not me they

gene as well and they are not me they

gene as well and they are not me they don’t have families yet they are in high

don’t have families yet they are in high

don’t have families yet they are in high school just started the dating game

school just started the dating game

school just started the dating game girlfriend or a boyfriend just started a

girlfriend or a boyfriend just started a

girlfriend or a boyfriend just started a family what they are going to do with

family what they are going to do with

family what they are going to do with this information

this information

this information well I’m very optimistic and very

well I’m very optimistic and very

well I’m very optimistic and very optimistic because if we think of the

optimistic because if we think of the

optimistic because if we think of the history of Science and History at large

history of Science and History at large

history of Science and History at large it’s always the problem that preceded

it’s always the problem that preceded

it’s always the problem that preceded the solution we cannot solve a problem

the solution we cannot solve a problem

the solution we cannot solve a problem without defining it first and already

without defining it first and already

without defining it first and already here we have a solution behind the scene

here we have a solution behind the scene

here we have a solution behind the scene and the solution is another technology

and the solution is another technology

and the solution is another technology that is also problematic because every

that is also problematic because every

that is also problematic because every solution raises ten more questions and

solution raises ten more questions and

solution raises ten more questions and that’s the old Hebrew saying that says

that’s the old Hebrew saying that says

that’s the old Hebrew saying that says ma ba da ma Betty Agha the one who is

ma ba da ma Betty Agha the one who is

ma ba da ma Betty Agha the one who is more knowledgeable he’s also more

more knowledgeable he’s also more

more knowledgeable he’s also more troubled and the solution is a technical

troubled and the solution is a technical

troubled and the solution is a technical solution that called CRISPR cos shall

solution that called CRISPR cos shall

solution that called CRISPR cos shall not go again into the technicalities

not go again into the technicalities

not go again into the technicalities birth we are able today to take a

birth we are able today to take a

birth we are able today to take a disease gene a mutated gene and with a

disease gene a mutated gene and with a

disease gene a mutated gene and with a pair of scissors well metaphoric

pair of scissors well metaphoric

pair of scissors well metaphoric scissors cut it away throw it out and

scissors cut it away throw it out and

scissors cut it away throw it out and replace it with a healthy gene well that

replace it with a healthy gene well that

replace it with a healthy gene well that looks like ideal but it brings other

looks like ideal but it brings other

looks like ideal but it brings other problems the other problems are what is

problems the other problems are what is

problems the other problems are what is a disease a disease until now is

a disease a disease until now is

a disease a disease until now is something that is a situation that we

something that is a situation that we

something that is a situation that we cannot get up in the morning and go to

cannot get up in the morning and go to

cannot get up in the morning and go to work

work

work we are feverish we are weak we

we are feverish we are weak we

we are feverish we are weak we move we call seek a new disease maybe is

move we call seek a new disease maybe is

move we call seek a new disease maybe is that the woman is carrying during a

that the woman is carrying during a

that the woman is carrying during a pregnancy a blonde boy and she doesn’t

pregnancy a blonde boy and she doesn’t

pregnancy a blonde boy and she doesn’t like blonde hair she wants the gene to

like blonde hair she wants the gene to

like blonde hair she wants the gene to be replaced with a black one with a

be replaced with a black one with a

be replaced with a black one with a black hair boy well that’s not such a

black hair boy well that’s not such a

black hair boy well that’s not such a big problem but think about manipulating

big problem but think about manipulating

big problem but think about manipulating genetic characteristics think about the

genetic characteristics think about the

genetic characteristics think about the huge power that we are going to have

huge power that we are going to have

huge power that we are going to have with this technique but again the beauty

with this technique but again the beauty

with this technique but again the beauty of it that knowledge is endless that’s

of it that knowledge is endless that’s

of it that knowledge is endless that’s the beauty of knowledge knowledge just

the beauty of knowledge knowledge just

the beauty of knowledge knowledge just expense

expense

expense there will be no day in our history that

there will be no day in our history that

there will be no day in our history that we shall know everything on the contrary

we shall know everything on the contrary

we shall know everything on the contrary the more we live the less we shall know

the more we live the less we shall know

the more we live the less we shall know and that will keep the challenge open

and that will keep the challenge open

and that will keep the challenge open forever thank you very much

forever thank you very much

forever thank you very much [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] [Music]