Everest, Mars, and Beyond – Hangout With Risk Takers | National Geographic

hello everyone I’m Lucy McNeil here at

hello everyone I’m Lucy McNeil here at National Geographic head courses for our

National Geographic head courses for our

National Geographic head courses for our Google+ hangout today we’re talking

Google+ hangout today we’re talking

Google+ hangout today we’re talking about risk-taking we want to hear from

about risk-taking we want to hear from

about risk-taking we want to hear from you so please send us your questions and

you so please send us your questions and

you so please send us your questions and join the conversation using hashtag

join the conversation using hashtag

join the conversation using hashtag let’s explore we’re very excited to have

let’s explore we’re very excited to have

let’s explore we’re very excited to have join us today astronaut Buzz Aldrin one

join us today astronaut Buzz Aldrin one

join us today astronaut Buzz Aldrin one of the first people to set foot on the

of the first people to set foot on the

of the first people to set foot on the moon and author of the new book mission

moon and author of the new book mission

moon and author of the new book mission to Mars which you can see here say hi

to Mars which you can see here say hi

to Mars which you can see here say hi buzz hi there hi there and we’re also

buzz hi there hi there and we’re also

buzz hi there hi there and we’re also joined by a world-renowned Mountaineer

joined by a world-renowned Mountaineer

joined by a world-renowned Mountaineer Conrad Anker who summited Everest among

Conrad Anker who summited Everest among

Conrad Anker who summited Everest among many other incredible summits three

many other incredible summits three

many other incredible summits three times Conrad hello welcome Conrad has

times Conrad hello welcome Conrad has

times Conrad hello welcome Conrad has contributed to the call of Everest which

contributed to the call of Everest which

contributed to the call of Everest which is a new book time with the 50th

is a new book time with the 50th

is a new book time with the 50th anniversary of the first American

anniversary of the first American

anniversary of the first American expedition to the world’s highest

expedition to the world’s highest

expedition to the world’s highest mountain I’m so without further ado

mountain I’m so without further ado

mountain I’m so without further ado we’re going to jump straight into the

we’re going to jump straight into the

we’re going to jump straight into the first theme as we’re talking about risk

first theme as we’re talking about risk

first theme as we’re talking about risk um if we’re conquering about if we’re if

um if we’re conquering about if we’re if

um if we’re conquering about if we’re if conquering our greatest fears leads us

conquering our greatest fears leads us

conquering our greatest fears leads us to feel humble and insignificant as I

to feel humble and insignificant as I

to feel humble and insignificant as I know both of you have talked about over

know both of you have talked about over

know both of you have talked about over the years about standing on the moon and

the years about standing on the moon and

the years about standing on the moon and standing on Everest then what gives you

standing on Everest then what gives you

standing on Everest then what gives you a sense of significance personally I

a sense of significance personally I

a sense of significance personally I what does risk really mean to you um I

what does risk really mean to you um I

what does risk really mean to you um I don’t know if you want to go first buzz

don’t know if you want to go first buzz

don’t know if you want to go first buzz well I to me risk means to putting your

well I to me risk means to putting your

well I to me risk means to putting your life or your mission things that you

life or your mission things that you

life or your mission things that you hold dear to you at a jeopardy of losing

hold dear to you at a jeopardy of losing

hold dear to you at a jeopardy of losing whatever they are and losing all the

whatever they are and losing all the

whatever they are and losing all the efforts that you put into that and of

efforts that you put into that and of

efforts that you put into that and of course we’ve lived our lives up to this

course we’ve lived our lives up to this

course we’ve lived our lives up to this moment and we want to continue to enjoy

moment and we want to continue to enjoy

moment and we want to continue to enjoy fellowship and and the earth that’s

fellowship and and the earth that’s

fellowship and and the earth that’s great Conrad risk is the the price of

great Conrad risk is the the price of

great Conrad risk is the the price of exploration because any time ago to

exploration because any time ago to

exploration because any time ago to someplace we’ve never been before

someplace we’ve never been before

someplace we’ve never been before there’s a chance we won’t come back and

there’s a chance we won’t come back and

there’s a chance we won’t come back and this drive for exploration is why humans

this drive for exploration is why humans

this drive for exploration is why humans are where we are today

are where we are today

are where we are today right so why do you think it’s important

right so why do you think it’s important

right so why do you think it’s important that we push boundaries I mean what are

that we push boundaries I mean what are

that we push boundaries I mean what are the big risks humans should be taking

the big risks humans should be taking

the big risks humans should be taking and on why well on my end I it’s sort of

and on why well on my end I it’s sort of

and on why well on my end I it’s sort of metaphorical miss risk I go out there

metaphorical miss risk I go out there

metaphorical miss risk I go out there and I try things that haven’t been done

and I try things that haven’t been done

and I try things that haven’t been done but it’s our willingness to put yourself

but it’s our willingness to put yourself

but it’s our willingness to put yourself out there and humans are going to have

out there and humans are going to have

out there and humans are going to have plenty of challenges in the next

plenty of challenges in the next

plenty of challenges in the next hundreds of years is we address our how

hundreds of years is we address our how

hundreds of years is we address our how many people we have on this planet Wow

many people we have on this planet Wow

many people we have on this planet Wow and Buzz what do you think about

and Buzz what do you think about

and Buzz what do you think about boundaries there well I think the

boundaries there well I think the

boundaries there well I think the difference between Conrad and myself is

difference between Conrad and myself is

difference between Conrad and myself is that I’ve had a big team of people a

that I’ve had a big team of people a

that I’ve had a big team of people a commitment and objective and a lot of

commitment and objective and a lot of

commitment and objective and a lot of people are counting on let’s say in my

people are counting on let’s say in my

people are counting on let’s say in my case the three of us to carry out the

case the three of us to carry out the

case the three of us to carry out the challenge of making the first landing on

challenge of making the first landing on

challenge of making the first landing on the moon so a lot of people are

the moon so a lot of people are

the moon so a lot of people are witnessing our every moment and we need

witnessing our every moment and we need

witnessing our every moment and we need to indicate to them and ourselves a

to indicate to them and ourselves a

to indicate to them and ourselves a calmness a coolness we might call it and

calmness a coolness we might call it and

calmness a coolness we might call it and certainly a lack of the cloudiness that

certainly a lack of the cloudiness that

certainly a lack of the cloudiness that comes with fear and panic great and when

comes with fear and panic great and when

comes with fear and panic great and when you think about risk in terms of what’s

you think about risk in terms of what’s

you think about risk in terms of what’s more important that you push past fear

more important that you push past fear

more important that you push past fear or that you don’t have regret later I

or that you don’t have regret later I

or that you don’t have regret later I mean how do you buy what’s the balancing

mean how do you buy what’s the balancing

mean how do you buy what’s the balancing act there I mean Conrad can you give us

act there I mean Conrad can you give us

act there I mean Conrad can you give us a specific example of of where you’ve

a specific example of of where you’ve

a specific example of of where you’ve had to do that my view is probably

had to do that my view is probably

had to do that my view is probably ninety five ninety seven percent of time

ninety five ninety seven percent of time

ninety five ninety seven percent of time I’m within my boundaries and what I need

I’m within my boundaries and what I need

I’m within my boundaries and what I need to do and then every now then you have

to do and then every now then you have

to do and then every now then you have to to push for that extra risk and a

to to push for that extra risk and a

to to push for that extra risk and a judge if those rewards or a benefit to

judge if those rewards or a benefit to

judge if those rewards or a benefit to you so but I’m compared to landing on

you so but I’m compared to landing on

you so but I’m compared to landing on the moon climbing mountains is it’s a

the moon climbing mountains is it’s a

the moon climbing mountains is it’s a it’s a selfish pursuit and I have just a

it’s a selfish pursuit and I have just a

it’s a selfish pursuit and I have just a tremendous amount of respect for the

tremendous amount of respect for the

tremendous amount of respect for the risk that the three of you on July

risk that the three of you on July

risk that the three of you on July twentieth nineteen sixty-nine well one

twentieth nineteen sixty-nine well one

twentieth nineteen sixty-nine well one of the one of this one of the stories

of the one of this one of the stories

of the one of this one of the stories that I love that

that I love that

that I love that you mentioned in the beginning of the

you mentioned in the beginning of the

you mentioned in the beginning of the Everest but Conrad is that you were like

Everest but Conrad is that you were like

Everest but Conrad is that you were like a teenager I think on your bicycle when

a teenager I think on your bicycle when

a teenager I think on your bicycle when you got the news about buzz landing on

you got the news about buzz landing on

you got the news about buzz landing on the moon and that your mom’s that had

the moon and that your mom’s that had

the moon and that your mom’s that had these stories about you suddenly wanting

these stories about you suddenly wanting

these stories about you suddenly wanting to be an astronaut that right that is

to be an astronaut that right that is

to be an astronaut that right that is exactly the case and we had small black

exactly the case and we had small black

exactly the case and we had small black and white TVs and 24 and buzzes age to

and white TVs and 24 and buzzes age to

and white TVs and 24 and buzzes age to go from Mount Everest to the moon that

go from Mount Everest to the moon that

go from Mount Everest to the moon that was 16 years from nineteen fifty three

was 16 years from nineteen fifty three

was 16 years from nineteen fifty three to nineteen sixty-nine and it really as

to nineteen sixty-nine and it really as

to nineteen sixty-nine and it really as a young person it just motivated me to

a young person it just motivated me to

a young person it just motivated me to engage in school and and it’s got had a

engage in school and and it’s got had a

engage in school and and it’s got had a great multiplier effect and that was

great multiplier effect and that was

great multiplier effect and that was part of the reason we set out last year

part of the reason we set out last year

part of the reason we set out last year on our Everest expedition to include

on our Everest expedition to include

on our Everest expedition to include National Science Foundation curriculum

National Science Foundation curriculum

National Science Foundation curriculum for fourth and fifth graders and to pay

for fourth and fifth graders and to pay

for fourth and fifth graders and to pay back that motivation that I got from you

back that motivation that I got from you

back that motivation that I got from you buzz and the astronauts well we knew we

buzz and the astronauts well we knew we

buzz and the astronauts well we knew we were taking a chance but carrying out

were taking a chance but carrying out

were taking a chance but carrying out their hopes and all the wishes of so

their hopes and all the wishes of so

their hopes and all the wishes of so many young people who are tuned in but

many young people who are tuned in but

many young people who are tuned in but we really couldn’t dwell on that

we really couldn’t dwell on that

we really couldn’t dwell on that situation we were pretty busy directed

situation we were pretty busy directed

situation we were pretty busy directed on accomplishing whatever was in the

on accomplishing whatever was in the

on accomplishing whatever was in the checklist that we could remember and and

checklist that we could remember and and

checklist that we could remember and and making sure that we did the things that

making sure that we did the things that

making sure that we did the things that would make us proud of having

would make us proud of having

would make us proud of having participated afterwards that’s a good

participated afterwards that’s a good

participated afterwards that’s a good one hi what can I see what is what is

one hi what can I see what is what is

one hi what can I see what is what is the decision-making factor about what is

the decision-making factor about what is

the decision-making factor about what is too risky and how do you know and is

too risky and how do you know and is

too risky and how do you know and is there a personal was there a personal

there a personal was there a personal

there a personal was there a personal moment during the course of the flight

moment during the course of the flight

moment during the course of the flight to the moon that you felt a very keen

to the moon that you felt a very keen

to the moon that you felt a very keen sense of that buzz and the same with

sense of that buzz and the same with

sense of that buzz and the same with Conrad like what is the point where you

Conrad like what is the point where you

Conrad like what is the point where you think something is too risky i I really

think something is too risky i I really

think something is too risky i I really don’t think that occurred until maybe we

don’t think that occurred until maybe we

don’t think that occurred until maybe we were leaving orbit Neil and I in the

were leaving orbit Neil and I in the

were leaving orbit Neil and I in the lander and we came about halfway down

lander and we came about halfway down

lander and we came about halfway down the landing radar was

the landing radar was

the landing radar was beginning to feed information into the

beginning to feed information into the

beginning to feed information into the computer and all of a sudden we got

computer and all of a sudden we got

computer and all of a sudden we got program alarms 1202 we didn’t know what

program alarms 1202 we didn’t know what

program alarms 1202 we didn’t know what that meant and we certainly weren’t

that meant and we certainly weren’t

that meant and we certainly weren’t going to go in and open the guidance and

going to go in and open the guidance and

going to go in and open the guidance and navigation dictionaries of is about this

navigation dictionaries of is about this

navigation dictionaries of is about this thick so Neal ask Houston give us a

thick so Neal ask Houston give us a

thick so Neal ask Houston give us a reading on that and fortunately there

reading on that and fortunately there

reading on that and fortunately there was a engineer back there who understood

was a engineer back there who understood

was a engineer back there who understood that the computer was a little bit

that the computer was a little bit

that the computer was a little bit overloaded but as long as it was not

overloaded but as long as it was not

overloaded but as long as it was not repeating itself we were go for landing

repeating itself we were go for landing

repeating itself we were go for landing so we had a few more of those even this

so we had a few more of those even this

so we had a few more of those even this close as 3,000 feet off the ground and

close as 3,000 feet off the ground and

close as 3,000 feet off the ground and how do you manage that you as a person I

how do you manage that you as a person I

how do you manage that you as a person I mean what were the thoughts ticking

mean what were the thoughts ticking

mean what were the thoughts ticking through your brain when that was going

through your brain when that was going

through your brain when that was going on well we’re very happy that we have

on well we’re very happy that we have

on well we’re very happy that we have such a talented capable team behind us

such a talented capable team behind us

such a talented capable team behind us but you do you didn’t know what could

but you do you didn’t know what could

but you do you didn’t know what could happen really bad did you know that you

happen really bad did you know that you

happen really bad did you know that you could be safe no that’s why you need

could be safe no that’s why you need

could be safe no that’s why you need trust in people and their knowledge to

trust in people and their knowledge to

trust in people and their knowledge to play their part in contributing to your

play their part in contributing to your

play their part in contributing to your being able to do the next step to carry

being able to do the next step to carry

being able to do the next step to carry out mission success when we get down to

out mission success when we get down to

out mission success when we get down to about a hundred feet the callout came

about a hundred feet the callout came

about a hundred feet the callout came from Houston 60 seconds that’s how much

from Houston 60 seconds that’s how much

from Houston 60 seconds that’s how much fuel we had left I was beginning to get

fuel we had left I was beginning to get

fuel we had left I was beginning to get a little concerned but I didn’t want to

a little concerned but I didn’t want to

a little concerned but I didn’t want to interrupt the concentration that Neil

interrupt the concentration that Neil

interrupt the concentration that Neil had in flying over a kind of rocky area

had in flying over a kind of rocky area

had in flying over a kind of rocky area at at 30 seconds we were ten feet above

at at 30 seconds we were ten feet above

at at 30 seconds we were ten feet above the ground and I was pretty relieved we

the ground and I was pretty relieved we

the ground and I was pretty relieved we could probably have the engine fail and

could probably have the engine fail and

could probably have the engine fail and up and and still make kind of a hard

up and and still make kind of a hard

up and and still make kind of a hard landing right that’s incredible I also

landing right that’s incredible I also

landing right that’s incredible I also read that when you took back off again

read that when you took back off again

read that when you took back off again you said we’re number one and on the

you said we’re number one and on the

you said we’re number one and on the landing for takeoff so obviously humor

landing for takeoff so obviously humor

landing for takeoff so obviously humor pays a big pot as well in it I think

pays a big pot as well in it I think

pays a big pot as well in it I think well I I had been saving up that phrase

well I I had been saving up that phrase

well I I had been saving up that phrase something who respond to maybe lighten

something who respond to maybe lighten

something who respond to maybe lighten the moment as we received the

the moment as we received the

the moment as we received the instructions tranquility base you’re

instructions tranquility base you’re

instructions tranquility base you’re cleared for liftoff and I said Roger

cleared for liftoff and I said Roger

cleared for liftoff and I said Roger Houston we’re number one on the runway

Houston we’re number one on the runway

Houston we’re number one on the runway Barry 90 all pilots know what what that

Barry 90 all pilots know what what that

Barry 90 all pilots know what what that means you’re you’re turning out and

means you’re you’re turning out and

means you’re you’re turning out and you’re ready to pour the coal to the or

you’re ready to pour the coal to the or

you’re ready to pour the coal to the or engage the afterburner and off you go

engage the afterburner and off you go

engage the afterburner and off you go that’s great Conrad how have you found I

that’s great Conrad how have you found I

that’s great Conrad how have you found I mean a does humor play a part in in sort

mean a does humor play a part in in sort

mean a does humor play a part in in sort of the riskiest moments deserve taking

of the riskiest moments deserve taking

of the riskiest moments deserve taking the edge off some really terrifying

the edge off some really terrifying

the edge off some really terrifying things that are going on or an unfolding

things that are going on or an unfolding

things that are going on or an unfolding situation where you know you know that

situation where you know you know that

situation where you know you know that um you know things are pretty tricky but

um you know things are pretty tricky but

um you know things are pretty tricky but it’s not going to help to escalate it

it’s not going to help to escalate it

it’s not going to help to escalate it through being fearful so how do you use

through being fearful so how do you use

through being fearful so how do you use it in a risky situation in the mountains

it in a risky situation in the mountains

it in a risky situation in the mountains means that there you’re being threatened

means that there you’re being threatened

means that there you’re being threatened by snow or I sec is above you that can

by snow or I sec is above you that can

by snow or I sec is above you that can come down on you so that’s a we try to

come down on you so that’s a we try to

come down on you so that’s a we try to avoid them as much as possible but when

avoid them as much as possible but when

avoid them as much as possible but when you’re in a really when things are

you’re in a really when things are

you’re in a really when things are desperate and it’s really hard and

desperate and it’s really hard and

desperate and it’s really hard and you’re making decisions a little bit of

you’re making decisions a little bit of

you’re making decisions a little bit of humor is great because what it serves in

humor is great because what it serves in

humor is great because what it serves in a climbing setup is that it’s a check on

a climbing setup is that it’s a check on

a climbing setup is that it’s a check on your partner if your partner still can

your partner if your partner still can

your partner if your partner still can get your humor they’re doing okay and

get your humor they’re doing okay and

get your humor they’re doing okay and it’s an important part of it and we

it’s an important part of it and we

it’s an important part of it and we always have these silly jokes and but

always have these silly jokes and but

always have these silly jokes and but when you might wash you like it well we

when you might wash you like it well we

when you might wash you like it well we always we always try to put it like oh

always we always try to put it like oh

always we always try to put it like oh it couldn’t be it’s not that bad so you

it couldn’t be it’s not that bad so you

it couldn’t be it’s not that bad so you know it’s really that bad it’d be like

know it’s really that bad it’d be like

know it’s really that bad it’d be like man can you what if we got ketchup on

man can you what if we got ketchup on

man can you what if we got ketchup on our shirt that would be where you are so

our shirt that would be where you are so

our shirt that would be where you are so don’t think there’s always the moments

don’t think there’s always the moments

don’t think there’s always the moments always appropriate but that little bit

always appropriate but that little bit

always appropriate but that little bit of humor is it check on your team and

of humor is it check on your team and

of humor is it check on your team and your partner’s so that they’re doing

your partner’s so that they’re doing

your partner’s so that they’re doing okay and you’re with that plus it it

okay and you’re with that plus it it

okay and you’re with that plus it it lessens this moment when you have to

lessens this moment when you have to

lessens this moment when you have to make those decisions right that’s a good

make those decisions right that’s a good

make those decisions right that’s a good one now some sometimes you just don’t

one now some sometimes you just don’t

one now some sometimes you just don’t know whether whether your partner is

know whether whether your partner is

know whether whether your partner is telling a joke or not I remember we were

telling a joke or not I remember we were

telling a joke or not I remember we were in lunar

in lunar

in lunar orbit and Mike Collins says the hey Neil

orbit and Mike Collins says the hey Neil

orbit and Mike Collins says the hey Neil have you thought about what you’re going

have you thought about what you’re going

have you thought about what you’re going to say when when you get to walk on the

to say when when you get to walk on the

to say when when you get to walk on the moon and Neil said oh I don’t know I’ll

moon and Neil said oh I don’t know I’ll

moon and Neil said oh I don’t know I’ll wait till we successfully land and then

wait till we successfully land and then

wait till we successfully land and then I’ll think about it I don’t think I

I’ll think about it I don’t think I

I’ll think about it I don’t think I would have I thought about it well ahead

would have I thought about it well ahead

would have I thought about it well ahead of time if it had been my task and I

of time if it had been my task and I

of time if it had been my task and I really don’t think i have relied on on

really don’t think i have relied on on

really don’t think i have relied on on my wisdom for such a significant moment

my wisdom for such a significant moment

my wisdom for such a significant moment I i would have consulted somebody just

I i would have consulted somebody just

I i would have consulted somebody just like leaders of big organizations have

like leaders of big organizations have

like leaders of big organizations have speech writers they put their own tone

speech writers they put their own tone

speech writers they put their own tone into things which I do I written a good

into things which I do I written a good

into things which I do I written a good number of books but I am NOT a writer so

number of books but I am NOT a writer so

number of books but I am NOT a writer so I deal with a professional and then

I deal with a professional and then

I deal with a professional and then hopefully he understands what I’m

hopefully he understands what I’m

hopefully he understands what I’m telling him the noise work out that way

telling him the noise work out that way

telling him the noise work out that way but not always but it’s a good way of

but not always but it’s a good way of

but not always but it’s a good way of thinking about it as well I think so

thinking about it as well I think so

thinking about it as well I think so it’s good to have it takes a village

it’s good to have it takes a village

it’s good to have it takes a village takes village yeah um so I think we have

takes village yeah um so I think we have

takes village yeah um so I think we have a video question coming up now which is

a video question coming up now which is

a video question coming up now which is going to be from Marga and i think

going to be from Marga and i think

going to be from Marga and i think tomorrow in Yerevan and the question is

tomorrow in Yerevan and the question is

tomorrow in Yerevan and the question is about advice for the next generation oh

about advice for the next generation oh

about advice for the next generation oh I’m actually being told that that video

I’m actually being told that that video

I’m actually being told that that video is not working just yet so we’re going

is not working just yet so we’re going

is not working just yet so we’re going to try and run that one a little bit

to try and run that one a little bit

to try and run that one a little bit later on so we’ll move to a new theme

later on so we’ll move to a new theme

later on so we’ll move to a new theme and we’re thinking about more of a

and we’re thinking about more of a

and we’re thinking about more of a personal idea now what drives you to

personal idea now what drives you to

personal idea now what drives you to take risks we have Stanley on Google+

take risks we have Stanley on Google+

take risks we have Stanley on Google+ who asks what pushes you past the fear

who asks what pushes you past the fear

who asks what pushes you past the fear when doing some of the things you do

when doing some of the things you do

when doing some of the things you do what what is this in in a thought that

what what is this in in a thought that

what what is this in in a thought that you really go to when you are trying to

you really go to when you are trying to

you really go to when you are trying to push past scary things I don’t know if

push past scary things I don’t know if

push past scary things I don’t know if Conrad wants to go first in mountain

Conrad wants to go first in mountain

Conrad wants to go first in mountain climbing you’re out there for 10 weeks

climbing you’re out there for 10 weeks

climbing you’re out there for 10 weeks and then of that you might have there’s

and then of that you might have there’s

and then of that you might have there’s a lot of sitting around and things like

a lot of sitting around and things like

a lot of sitting around and things like that but then when it’s busy it’s not

that but then when it’s busy it’s not

that but then when it’s busy it’s not that immediate so you kind of keep a

that immediate so you kind of keep a

that immediate so you kind of keep a calm thought knowing that if you are

calm thought knowing that if you are

calm thought knowing that if you are nervous you’re going to be used

nervous you’re going to be used

nervous you’re going to be used a physical energy that you could then

a physical energy that you could then

a physical energy that you could then use in other parts of your body and ways

use in other parts of your body and ways

use in other parts of your body and ways to keep warm and then when there is the

to keep warm and then when there is the

to keep warm and then when there is the odd moment that something quickly

odd moment that something quickly

odd moment that something quickly happens and the situation turns risky

happens and the situation turns risky

happens and the situation turns risky immediately then you you have a surge of

immediately then you you have a surge of

immediately then you you have a surge of adrenaline and you address it right

adrenaline and you address it right

adrenaline and you address it right there right and buzz ah well most all of

there right and buzz ah well most all of

there right and buzz ah well most all of us in the early phases of the space

us in the early phases of the space

us in the early phases of the space program they were test pilots I used a

program they were test pilots I used a

program they were test pilots I used a little bit more of my my head work and

little bit more of my my head work and

little bit more of my my head work and chose not to pursue test pilot training

chose not to pursue test pilot training

chose not to pursue test pilot training but to get more education so that I

but to get more education so that I

but to get more education so that I could analyze how to do different things

could analyze how to do different things

could analyze how to do different things and so at MIT instead of learning how to

and so at MIT instead of learning how to

and so at MIT instead of learning how to how to intercept airplanes I looked at

how to intercept airplanes I looked at

how to intercept airplanes I looked at how do we rendezvous in space and back

how do we rendezvous in space and back

how do we rendezvous in space and back in 1962 we certainly didn’t know how to

in 1962 we certainly didn’t know how to

in 1962 we certainly didn’t know how to do that so it was a paving new ground

do that so it was a paving new ground

do that so it was a paving new ground and unfortunately looking ahead I was

and unfortunately looking ahead I was

and unfortunately looking ahead I was able to do the same thing now about

able to do the same thing now about

able to do the same thing now about going to Mars with orbits that swing

going to Mars with orbits that swing

going to Mars with orbits that swing around the earth and then go to Mars

around the earth and then go to Mars

around the earth and then go to Mars swing around Mars and essentially come

swing around Mars and essentially come

swing around Mars and essentially come back and repeat that opportunity

back and repeat that opportunity

back and repeat that opportunity continuously so they don’t start and

continuously so they don’t start and

continuously so they don’t start and stop at at one destination or that

stop at at one destination or that

stop at at one destination or that that’s more of an intellectual risk in a

that’s more of an intellectual risk in a

that’s more of an intellectual risk in a way that you’re making an intellectual

way that you’re making an intellectual

way that you’re making an intellectual calculation about how far to push an

calculation about how far to push an

calculation about how far to push an idea well not not always to other people

idea well not not always to other people

idea well not not always to other people understand for bridges motivations club

understand for bridges motivations club

understand for bridges motivations club it and it might be a little jealous they

it and it might be a little jealous they

it and it might be a little jealous they might be able to think you’re pushing

might be able to think you’re pushing

might be able to think you’re pushing your your own ideas it’s essential that

your your own ideas it’s essential that

your your own ideas it’s essential that whatever we can contribute to the

whatever we can contribute to the

whatever we can contribute to the success of a mission we certainly like

success of a mission we certainly like

success of a mission we certainly like to do so and sometimes you’re taking

to do so and sometimes you’re taking

to do so and sometimes you’re taking risks in what you propose because it may

risks in what you propose because it may

risks in what you propose because it may turn out to be not very practical right

turn out to be not very practical right

turn out to be not very practical right and then you have to figure out what to

and then you have to figure out what to

and then you have to figure out what to say to it

say to it

say to it 30 as well of course but worry about

30 as well of course but worry about

30 as well of course but worry about that later alright we have now another

that later alright we have now another

that later alright we have now another video we have another crack at a video

video we have another crack at a video

video we have another crack at a video question we’ve got National Geographic

question we’ve got National Geographic

question we’ve got National Geographic Explorer Kenny broad sent us a video

Explorer Kenny broad sent us a video

Explorer Kenny broad sent us a video question and he’s also asking about risk

question and he’s also asking about risk

question and he’s also asking about risk an adventure in the everyday I think

an adventure in the everyday I think

an adventure in the everyday I think that one’s just coming up now tick tick

that one’s just coming up now tick tick

that one’s just coming up now tick tick tick tick okay Kenny we know your dad

tick tick okay Kenny we know your dad

tick tick okay Kenny we know your dad mr. Boddy we know you that think it’s

mr. Boddy we know you that think it’s

mr. Boddy we know you that think it’s back to run seems to have some my life

closer to saying goodbye in life as you

closer to saying goodbye in life as you know it not active cave diving her

know it not active cave diving her

know it not active cave diving her part-time but actually driving to the

part-time but actually driving to the

part-time but actually driving to the dive site on dating thing to do every

dive site on dating thing to do every

dive site on dating thing to do every game forget about like you think it soon

game forget about like you think it soon

game forget about like you think it soon into you youtube work in extreme

into you youtube work in extreme

into you youtube work in extreme environments you think gotten over way

environments you think gotten over way

environments you think gotten over way it’s low probability but very dramatic

it’s low probability but very dramatic

it’s low probability but very dramatic event havens like avalanches and

event havens like avalanches and

event havens like avalanches and underway things that are just common

underway things that are just common

underway things that are just common events but much more likely harm how can

events but much more likely harm how can

events but much more likely harm how can we translate at the other aspects of a

we translate at the other aspects of a

we translate at the other aspects of a live environment in other sorts

well okay could you guys here first of

well okay could you guys here first of all and I’ll repeat the gist of it could

all and I’ll repeat the gist of it could

all and I’ll repeat the gist of it could you both hear it okay yeah yeah little

you both hear it okay yeah yeah little

you both hear it okay yeah yeah little bit okay so it’s about the money is the

bit okay so it’s about the money is the

bit okay so it’s about the money is the mundane risk actually the risk that we

mundane risk actually the risk that we

mundane risk actually the risk that we should be thinking about more

should be thinking about more

should be thinking about more strategically because that can often be

strategically because that can often be

strategically because that can often be too scary a piece of it and as you saw

too scary a piece of it and as you saw

too scary a piece of it and as you saw Kenny had broken his arm by falling off

Kenny had broken his arm by falling off

Kenny had broken his arm by falling off a scout for a dive site rather than on

a scout for a dive site rather than on

a scout for a dive site rather than on the expedition itself I’m just repeating

the expedition itself I’m just repeating

the expedition itself I’m just repeating that for some viewers who may not have

that for some viewers who may not have

that for some viewers who may not have perfect full question Conrad um I i

perfect full question Conrad um I i

perfect full question Conrad um I i think that the risk that i encounter in

think that the risk that i encounter in

think that the risk that i encounter in driving in day-to-day life in the

driving in day-to-day life in the

driving in day-to-day life in the mundane life is a lot less than

mundane life is a lot less than

mundane life is a lot less than high-altitude climbing climbing at the

high-altitude climbing climbing at the

high-altitude climbing climbing at the higher elevations on everest in those

higher elevations on everest in those

higher elevations on everest in those taba mountains is one of the most

taba mountains is one of the most

taba mountains is one of the most dangerous sportsman cannot partake and

dangerous sportsman cannot partake and

dangerous sportsman cannot partake and so there’s been four fatalities this

so there’s been four fatalities this

so there’s been four fatalities this season on ever so I am I think that my

season on ever so I am I think that my

season on ever so I am I think that my heightened sense of risk awareness

heightened sense of risk awareness

heightened sense of risk awareness because I’m in the mountains offers me a

because I’m in the mountains offers me a

because I’m in the mountains offers me a little bit better assessment when I’m

little bit better assessment when I’m

little bit better assessment when I’m driving around and I’m walking so I’m

driving around and I’m walking so I’m

driving around and I’m walking so I’m tuned in my environment and make sure

tuned in my environment and make sure

tuned in my environment and make sure that I’m aware of the other people their

that I’m aware of the other people their

that I’m aware of the other people their automobiles and I work with it but um

automobiles and I work with it but um

automobiles and I work with it but um for me unfortunately life is risk here

for me unfortunately life is risk here

for me unfortunately life is risk here in the mountains of this here and I

in the mountains of this here and I

in the mountains of this here and I can’t push it away and say oh well more

can’t push it away and say oh well more

can’t push it away and say oh well more people die on automobiles for in my line

people die on automobiles for in my line

people die on automobiles for in my line of work that’s not the case it really

of work that’s not the case it really

of work that’s not the case it really isn’t i went and buzzed and i’m going to

isn’t i went and buzzed and i’m going to

isn’t i went and buzzed and i’m going to come back to Conrad on a specific issue

come back to Conrad on a specific issue

come back to Conrad on a specific issue on that buzz what do you think well

on that buzz what do you think well

on that buzz what do you think well riskiness I think Barry’s with age I

riskiness I think Barry’s with age I

riskiness I think Barry’s with age I remember I was quite young and I was

remember I was quite young and I was

remember I was quite young and I was playing out on a pier at a lake and and

playing out on a pier at a lake and and

playing out on a pier at a lake and and I was very proud of the bucket that I

I was very proud of the bucket that I

I was very proud of the bucket that I had that was full of rocks and and my

had that was full of rocks and and my

had that was full of rocks and and my friend decided he would just push me off

friend decided he would just push me off

friend decided he would just push me off the pier so I went down and carrying

the pier so I went down and carrying

the pier so I went down and carrying that bucket of rocks with me all the way

that bucket of rocks with me all the way

that bucket of rocks with me all the way to the bottom fortunately my friend’s

to the bottom fortunately my friend’s

to the bottom fortunately my friend’s father came down and fished me out of

father came down and fished me out of

father came down and fished me out of the water I learned to swim

the water I learned to swim

the water I learned to swim after that and I was so fascinated with

after that and I was so fascinated with

after that and I was so fascinated with what you could do underwater that I

what you could do underwater that I

what you could do underwater that I thought well why don’t I just get a hose

thought well why don’t I just get a hose

thought well why don’t I just get a hose that’ll go up to the surface and I’ll

that’ll go up to the surface and I’ll

that’ll go up to the surface and I’ll carry a rock and I’ll just walk down in

carry a rock and I’ll just walk down in

carry a rock and I’ll just walk down in the water well that doesn’t work either

the water well that doesn’t work either

the water well that doesn’t work either because it’s the difference between how

because it’s the difference between how

because it’s the difference between how deep your lungs are and that’s why when

deep your lungs are and that’s why when

deep your lungs are and that’s why when we snorkel we generally lie rather

we snorkel we generally lie rather

we snorkel we generally lie rather rather flat now these are little little

rather flat now these are little little

rather flat now these are little little piddling things but it’s good to

piddling things but it’s good to

piddling things but it’s good to remember that you got to do the critical

remember that you got to do the critical

remember that you got to do the critical things when you’ve just shot down a

things when you’ve just shot down a

things when you’ve just shot down a mig-15 in Korea and you’re climbing out

mig-15 in Korea and you’re climbing out

mig-15 in Korea and you’re climbing out to get back to the home base and you’re

to get back to the home base and you’re

to get back to the home base and you’re all by yourself and all of a sudden it

all by yourself and all of a sudden it

all by yourself and all of a sudden it occurs to you you’re not climbing as

occurs to you you’re not climbing as

occurs to you you’re not climbing as fast as you should and and with great

fast as you should and and with great

fast as you should and and with great chagrin and guiltiness you realize you

chagrin and guiltiness you realize you

chagrin and guiltiness you realize you have still have your speed breaks out

have still have your speed breaks out

have still have your speed breaks out and that’s why you’re climbing slowly

and that’s why you’re climbing slowly

and that’s why you’re climbing slowly that’s kind of risky if my risky eggs

that’s kind of risky if my risky eggs

that’s kind of risky if my risky eggs are trying to chase you as you try and

are trying to chase you as you try and

are trying to chase you as you try and head climb to altitude and head on back

head climb to altitude and head on back

head climb to altitude and head on back yeah I think that all they all tend to

yeah I think that all they all tend to

yeah I think that all they all tend to be lessons that can end up as Kenny was

be lessons that can end up as Kenny was

be lessons that can end up as Kenny was alluding to that we can sort of MIT mix

alluding to that we can sort of MIT mix

alluding to that we can sort of MIT mix and match into real life it I mean for

and match into real life it I mean for

and match into real life it I mean for somebody like you and Conrad you have to

somebody like you and Conrad you have to

somebody like you and Conrad you have to deploy them in very serious situations

deploy them in very serious situations

deploy them in very serious situations particularly but um that that actually

particularly but um that that actually

particularly but um that that actually made me think about the situation on

made me think about the situation on

made me think about the situation on Everest right now which is talked about

Everest right now which is talked about

Everest right now which is talked about in this month’s edition of our magazine

in this month’s edition of our magazine

in this month’s edition of our magazine and I wondered what you thought Conrad

and I wondered what you thought Conrad

and I wondered what you thought Conrad about you know when you look at risks

about you know when you look at risks

about you know when you look at risks and then you look at the amount of

and then you look at the amount of

and then you look at the amount of people that we see on Everest now and

people that we see on Everest now and

people that we see on Everest now and even the most recent situation with

even the most recent situation with

even the most recent situation with simone moreau and the surface where does

simone moreau and the surface where does

simone moreau and the surface where does conflict resolution techniques come in

conflict resolution techniques come in

conflict resolution techniques come in when you’re trying to manage risk when

when you’re trying to manage risk when

when you’re trying to manage risk when you’re on a mountain I mean how we talk

you’re on a mountain I mean how we talk

you’re on a mountain I mean how we talk about risk as if it’s things that’s that

about risk as if it’s things that’s that

about risk as if it’s things that’s that is going to happen because of the the

is going to happen because of the the

is going to happen because of the the activities that we’ve planned for and

activities that we’ve planned for and

activities that we’ve planned for and prepared for and have we planned enough

prepared for and have we planned enough

prepared for and have we planned enough if you’re an adventurer and explore but

if you’re an adventurer and explore but

if you’re an adventurer and explore but what is it what

what is it what

what is it what the conflict piece way you need to work

the conflict piece way you need to work

the conflict piece way you need to work with human capital to you know overcome

with human capital to you know overcome

with human capital to you know overcome something like that in climbing you’re a

something like that in climbing you’re a

something like that in climbing you’re a guest in whichever in climbing the

guest in whichever in climbing the

guest in whichever in climbing the Himalayas you’ll be a guest in neither

Himalayas you’ll be a guest in neither

Himalayas you’ll be a guest in neither the Karakoram or the central Himalayas

the Karakoram or the central Himalayas

the Karakoram or the central Himalayas or the Eastern Himalayas and all these

or the Eastern Himalayas and all these

or the Eastern Himalayas and all these ranges have people that live there and

ranges have people that live there and

ranges have people that live there and they’re part of their communities

they’re part of their communities

they’re part of their communities specifically on Everest there is a it’s

specifically on Everest there is a it’s

specifically on Everest there is a it’s designed now equipped for large amounts

designed now equipped for large amounts

designed now equipped for large amounts of climbers to go up there it’s not the

of climbers to go up there it’s not the

of climbers to go up there it’s not the challenge that it was 60 50 years ago

challenge that it was 60 50 years ago

challenge that it was 60 50 years ago rather it’s becoming more mainstream

rather it’s becoming more mainstream

rather it’s becoming more mainstream there’s probably 500 climbers that go

there’s probably 500 climbers that go

there’s probably 500 climbers that go there each day and it’s a great point is

there each day and it’s a great point is

there each day and it’s a great point is to look at risk that is is out of what

to look at risk that is is out of what

to look at risk that is is out of what you’re doing and for me that greatest

you’re doing and for me that greatest

you’re doing and for me that greatest part would be the risk of getting a

part would be the risk of getting a

part would be the risk of getting a stomach infection on the easy and when I

stomach infection on the easy and when I

stomach infection on the easy and when I travel or the risk due to a political

travel or the risk due to a political

travel or the risk due to a political strife and someone wanting to to be with

strife and someone wanting to to be with

strife and someone wanting to to be with that but I found it in anytime that

that but I found it in anytime that

that but I found it in anytime that there’s a between cultures that if you

there’s a between cultures that if you

there’s a between cultures that if you watch it with dignity and respect to

watch it with dignity and respect to

watch it with dignity and respect to each culture then you tend to smooth

each culture then you tend to smooth

each culture then you tend to smooth things out right yes that’s a good

things out right yes that’s a good

things out right yes that’s a good answer um what risks won’t you take have

answer um what risks won’t you take have

answer um what risks won’t you take have you ever been confronted with something

you ever been confronted with something

you ever been confronted with something we’ve said no that doesn’t fit into you

we’ve said no that doesn’t fit into you

we’ve said no that doesn’t fit into you know there’s all sorts of things that

know there’s all sorts of things that

know there’s all sorts of things that are attractive to me about that but I’m

are attractive to me about that but I’m

are attractive to me about that but I’m actually not going to take that step

actually not going to take that step

actually not going to take that step forward I’m all right sorry I certainly

forward I’m all right sorry I certainly

forward I’m all right sorry I certainly have some risks I that I’m not willing

have some risks I that I’m not willing

have some risks I that I’m not willing to take I’ve climbed up Mount Washington

to take I’ve climbed up Mount Washington

to take I’ve climbed up Mount Washington when I was 10 12 years old but but now

when I was 10 12 years old but but now

when I was 10 12 years old but but now I’m looking a little bit beyond even

I’m looking a little bit beyond even

I’m looking a little bit beyond even beyond the moon and Conrad do you

beyond the moon and Conrad do you

beyond the moon and Conrad do you realize that Mount Olympus on Mars is

realize that Mount Olympus on Mars is

realize that Mount Olympus on Mars is 90,000 feet high so when you think

90,000 feet high so when you think

90,000 feet high so when you think you’ve really done something I just

you’ve really done something I just

you’ve really done something I just think about wearing the spacesuit and

think about wearing the spacesuit and

think about wearing the spacesuit and trying to climb up olympus mons yeah

trying to climb up olympus mons yeah

trying to climb up olympus mons yeah that would be good also we need to get

that would be good also we need to get

that would be good also we need to get the first ascent of the mood because the

the first ascent of the mood because the

the first ascent of the mood because the the high point of the moon hasn’t been

the high point of the moon hasn’t been

the high point of the moon hasn’t been reached yet so the equivalent of I mean

reached yet so the equivalent of I mean

reached yet so the equivalent of I mean they’d be great to get more get

they’d be great to get more get

they’d be great to get more get explorers up onto the moon just to show

explorers up onto the moon just to show

explorers up onto the moon just to show that we can do it and we can it’s that

that we can do it and we can it’s that

that we can do it and we can it’s that first step and then making that next

first step and then making that next

first step and then making that next step out to Mars and Olympus Mons is it

step out to Mars and Olympus Mons is it

step out to Mars and Olympus Mons is it looms big in the the history in the

looms big in the the history in the

looms big in the the history in the figure of climbing everyone talks about

figure of climbing everyone talks about

figure of climbing everyone talks about that is the ultimate climb and yeah

that is the ultimate climb and yeah

that is the ultimate climb and yeah there’s it’s pretty popular you’re aware

there’s it’s pretty popular you’re aware

there’s it’s pretty popular you’re aware of it well I I like to go in the other

of it well I I like to go in the other

of it well I I like to go in the other direction I’ve been down to see the

direction I’ve been down to see the

direction I’ve been down to see the Titanic in a yellow submarine with

Titanic in a yellow submarine with

Titanic in a yellow submarine with Frenchman and believe it or not Jim

Frenchman and believe it or not Jim

Frenchman and believe it or not Jim Cameron asked me at one time if I would

Cameron asked me at one time if I would

Cameron asked me at one time if I would accompany him down to the deepest part

accompany him down to the deepest part

accompany him down to the deepest part of the ocean I think when he found out

of the ocean I think when he found out

of the ocean I think when he found out the details of putting a submersible

the details of putting a submersible

the details of putting a submersible together he found that it was going to

together he found that it was going to

together he found that it was going to be much easier for just one person and

be much easier for just one person and

be much easier for just one person and and and not two people that’s okay with

and and not two people that’s okay with

and and not two people that’s okay with me I am I think going down see the

me I am I think going down see the

me I am I think going down see the Titanic is is enough the North Pole but

Titanic is is enough the North Pole but

Titanic is is enough the North Pole but I’ve got to get to the South Pole and I

I’ve got to get to the South Pole and I

I’ve got to get to the South Pole and I am looking forward to maybe doing that

am looking forward to maybe doing that

am looking forward to maybe doing that believe it or not by driving Hummers to

believe it or not by driving Hummers to

believe it or not by driving Hummers to the South Pole on a state to call it a

the South Pole on a state to call it a

the South Pole on a state to call it a road it’s really an ice trail because

road it’s really an ice trail because

road it’s really an ice trail because people down an Antarctic found it just

people down an Antarctic found it just

people down an Antarctic found it just so expensive and the weather so

so expensive and the weather so

so expensive and the weather so undependable to carry fuel down to the

undependable to carry fuel down to the

undependable to carry fuel down to the spouse South Pole Station that that

spouse South Pole Station that that

spouse South Pole Station that that they’re now driving it down there and

they’re now driving it down there and

they’re now driving it down there and it’s much more dependable and economic

it’s much more dependable and economic

it’s much more dependable and economic but anyway we’ve been trying to do that

but anyway we’ve been trying to do that

but anyway we’ve been trying to do that for several years and I just don’t know

for several years and I just don’t know

for several years and I just don’t know whether it’s going to pan out or not

whether it’s going to pan out or not

whether it’s going to pan out or not this November December it’s very

this November December it’s very

this November December it’s very exciting plans that I think so we have

exciting plans that I think so we have

exciting plans that I think so we have one more question from Donald plot Pratt

one more question from Donald plot Pratt

one more question from Donald plot Pratt on google+ before we’re going to go to

on google+ before we’re going to go to

on google+ before we’re going to go to your questions from our youngest viewer

your questions from our youngest viewer

your questions from our youngest viewer on our hangout Donald Pratt is asking

on our hangout Donald Pratt is asking

on our hangout Donald Pratt is asking besides the risk this is quite a cute

besides the risk this is quite a cute

besides the risk this is quite a cute one besides the risks you’ve taken in

one besides the risks you’ve taken in

one besides the risks you’ve taken in exploring in adulthood what was the

exploring in adulthood what was the

exploring in adulthood what was the riskiest thing that you did before you

riskiest thing that you did before you

riskiest thing that you did before you turn 21 and do you regret

turn 21 and do you regret

turn 21 and do you regret taking any of the risks before you a

taking any of the risks before you a

taking any of the risks before you a fully-fledged adult and obviously we’re

fully-fledged adult and obviously we’re

fully-fledged adult and obviously we’re keeping it PG because it’s a family show

well I saw somebody else use a pole and

well I saw somebody else use a pole and put it in the ground and allow them to

put it in the ground and allow them to

put it in the ground and allow them to go up a little bit higher so I became a

go up a little bit higher so I became a

go up a little bit higher so I became a pole vaulter and occasionally way back

pole vaulter and occasionally way back

pole vaulter and occasionally way back in those days you’d be on your way up

in those days you’d be on your way up

in those days you’d be on your way up and all of a sudden the bamboo wood part

and all of a sudden the bamboo wood part

and all of a sudden the bamboo wood part in the middle and break and zooming you

in the middle and break and zooming you

in the middle and break and zooming you into the into the sawdust pit you don’t

into the into the sawdust pit you don’t

into the into the sawdust pit you don’t anticipate that that’s really going to

anticipate that that’s really going to

anticipate that that’s really going to happen but when it does there’s not very

happen but when it does there’s not very

happen but when it does there’s not very much you can do about it except for the

much you can do about it except for the

much you can do about it except for the law for the ride yeah some of the

law for the ride yeah some of the

law for the ride yeah some of the earlier climbs that I had done what

earlier climbs that I had done what

earlier climbs that I had done what before I really knew the systems in the

before I really knew the systems in the

before I really knew the systems in the rope and everything and I look back at

rope and everything and I look back at

rope and everything and I look back at the mistakes I made and of course their

the mistakes I made and of course their

the mistakes I made and of course their experience and they taught me to be a

experience and they taught me to be a

experience and they taught me to be a better climber but I was some of those

better climber but I was some of those

better climber but I was some of those climbers when I was young and 14 15

climbers when I was young and 14 15

climbers when I was young and 14 15 something like that I recall just

something like that I recall just

something like that I recall just getting away with the skin of my teeth

getting away with the skin of my teeth

getting away with the skin of my teeth and having prevented death and really

and having prevented death and really

and having prevented death and really upset my parents so that was it’s those

upset my parents so that was it’s those

upset my parents so that was it’s those formative climbs that I went through

formative climbs that I went through

formative climbs that I went through right maybe the menu today everyone

right maybe the menu today everyone

right maybe the menu today everyone saying these people that kind of spread

saying these people that kind of spread

saying these people that kind of spread their arms out and they have some cloth

their arms out and they have some cloth

their arms out and they have some cloth or canvas structure and they’re able to

or canvas structure and they’re able to

or canvas structure and they’re able to come down and fly and around and a

come down and fly and around and a

come down and fly and around and a couple of them with smoke coming out I

couple of them with smoke coming out I

couple of them with smoke coming out I said this what I say d1 I need you sign

said this what I say d1 I need you sign

said this what I say d1 I need you sign on us no I I saw this one guy he was

on us no I I saw this one guy he was

on us no I I saw this one guy he was going to fly through a hole in the

going to fly through a hole in the

going to fly through a hole in the mountain and I thought that really takes

mountain and I thought that really takes

mountain and I thought that really takes guts guys going on to is terrifying yeah

guts guys going on to is terrifying yeah

guts guys going on to is terrifying yeah it’s free it’s terrifying yeah I’m not

it’s free it’s terrifying yeah I’m not

it’s free it’s terrifying yeah I’m not sure it’s a little bit crazy you know I

sure it’s a little bit crazy you know I

sure it’s a little bit crazy you know I can’t do bungee jumping either I really

can’t do bungee jumping either I really

can’t do bungee jumping either I really don’t have to put my life on a rubber

don’t have to put my life on a rubber

don’t have to put my life on a rubber cord a parachute yes I might have to

cord a parachute yes I might have to

cord a parachute yes I might have to eject but I’m not going

eject but I’m not going

eject but I’m not going they jump out of an airplane when the

they jump out of an airplane when the

they jump out of an airplane when the engine is running properly I’d rather

engine is running properly I’d rather

engine is running properly I’d rather come down and emotionally and land on

come down and emotionally and land on

come down and emotionally and land on the runway okay well we have a question

the runway okay well we have a question

the runway okay well we have a question now I think is from our very youngest

now I think is from our very youngest

now I think is from our very youngest participant today who is Noah from

participant today who is Noah from

participant today who is Noah from Northumberland in England and this is a

Northumberland in England and this is a

Northumberland in England and this is a nice question I think for you both

you’re gonna have to interpret I can see

you’re gonna have to interpret I can see him I can see him but I can’t hear him

him I can see him but I can’t hear him

him I can see him but I can’t hear him but I think that maybe I think we might

but I think that maybe I think we might

but I think that maybe I think we might try and play it again let’s try one more

try and play it again let’s try one more

try and play it again let’s try one more time about my family I’ll repeat it for

time about my family I’ll repeat it for

time about my family I’ll repeat it for you he said buzz you’re very very brave

you he said buzz you’re very very brave

you he said buzz you’re very very brave does your little boy want to be a

does your little boy want to be a

does your little boy want to be a spaceman like you and I know who wrote

spaceman like you and I know who wrote

spaceman like you and I know who wrote forward to your boots I think that’s a

forward to your boots I think that’s a

forward to your boots I think that’s a very sweet question yeah well my

very sweet question yeah well my

very sweet question yeah well my youngest son did write the foreword to

youngest son did write the foreword to

youngest son did write the foreword to my book mission to Mars and and I’m very

my book mission to Mars and and I’m very

my book mission to Mars and and I’m very proud of him for doing that he also was

proud of him for doing that he also was

proud of him for doing that he also was a football player but he’s a Rocket Man

a football player but he’s a Rocket Man

a football player but he’s a Rocket Man but but he literally lights the fuse on

but but he literally lights the fuse on

but but he literally lights the fuse on a rocket that goes up and gets paid more

a rocket that goes up and gets paid more

a rocket that goes up and gets paid more for doing that then I get got paid for

for doing that then I get got paid for

for doing that then I get got paid for being on the top of the rocket going up

being on the top of the rocket going up

being on the top of the rocket going up we’ll have to tell know that and then

we’ll have to tell know that and then

we’ll have to tell know that and then one day he’ll be getting paid more money

one day he’ll be getting paid more money

one day he’ll be getting paid more money than his dad who’s in that year I think

than his dad who’s in that year I think

than his dad who’s in that year I think this will see how that goes Conrad what

this will see how that goes Conrad what

this will see how that goes Conrad what about you when you think about you know

about you when you think about you know

about you when you think about you know inspiring the next generation as buzz

inspiring the next generation as buzz

inspiring the next generation as buzz has done for a lot of younger people and

has done for a lot of younger people and

has done for a lot of younger people and as you do now in your field I mean what

as you do now in your field I mean what

as you do now in your field I mean what are the I know there’s a lot of

are the I know there’s a lot of

are the I know there’s a lot of community groups that you work with in

community groups that you work with in

community groups that you work with in when you’re climbing I bobbing my

when you’re climbing I bobbing my

when you’re climbing I bobbing my greatest inspiration when I connect with

greatest inspiration when I connect with

greatest inspiration when I connect with school children and when someone asks

school children and when someone asks

school children and when someone asks well Everest has been climbed

well Everest has been climbed

well Everest has been climbed we’ve been to the moon we’re hopefully

we’ve been to the moon we’re hopefully

we’ve been to the moon we’re hopefully going to Mars we’re doing all these

going to Mars we’re doing all these

going to Mars we’re doing all these great things what’s the next frontier of

great things what’s the next frontier of

great things what’s the next frontier of exploration and I always explain and try

exploration and I always explain and try

exploration and I always explain and try to motivate them that it’s in the

to motivate them that it’s in the

to motivate them that it’s in the sciences and in the nanosphere and

sciences and in the nanosphere and

sciences and in the nanosphere and there’s all this knowledge out there

there’s all this knowledge out there

there’s all this knowledge out there that’s not found so it’s what Livingston

that’s not found so it’s what Livingston

that’s not found so it’s what Livingston was doing on who’s seeking the source of

was doing on who’s seeking the source of

was doing on who’s seeking the source of nile Lewis and Clark across North

nile Lewis and Clark across North

nile Lewis and Clark across North America and then eventually on to

America and then eventually on to

America and then eventually on to Everest and then the moon all these

Everest and then the moon all these

Everest and then the moon all these we’ve met those terrestrial and lunar

we’ve met those terrestrial and lunar

we’ve met those terrestrial and lunar goals of exploration we now need to look

goals of exploration we now need to look

goals of exploration we now need to look into it and so the metaphorical crossing

into it and so the metaphorical crossing

into it and so the metaphorical crossing of Antarctica is finding solutions on

of Antarctica is finding solutions on

of Antarctica is finding solutions on how we can feed shelter in clothes seven

how we can feed shelter in clothes seven

how we can feed shelter in clothes seven billion people today and probably 9

billion people today and probably 9

billion people today and probably 9 billion by Noah’s will know as a young

billion by Noah’s will know as a young

billion by Noah’s will know as a young man and young adult and a leader

man and young adult and a leader

man and young adult and a leader there’ll be 9 billion people here so

there’ll be 9 billion people here so

there’ll be 9 billion people here so solving that that’s kind of the the goal

solving that that’s kind of the the goal

solving that that’s kind of the the goal and why I encourage exploration and in

and why I encourage exploration and in

and why I encourage exploration and in why we do need to take a certain degree

why we do need to take a certain degree

why we do need to take a certain degree of risk in pursuing that yeah that’s

of risk in pursuing that yeah that’s

of risk in pursuing that yeah that’s great um okay buzz anything to add to

great um okay buzz anything to add to

great um okay buzz anything to add to that before moving to some quickfire

that before moving to some quickfire

that before moving to some quickfire questions well of course the space

questions well of course the space

questions well of course the space program is going to take people from

program is going to take people from

program is going to take people from Earth somewhere else but we’re certainly

Earth somewhere else but we’re certainly

Earth somewhere else but we’re certainly not going to solve the overpopulation

not going to solve the overpopulation

not going to solve the overpopulation problem here on earth we just won’t be

problem here on earth we just won’t be

problem here on earth we just won’t be building spacecraft big enough to to be

building spacecraft big enough to to be

building spacecraft big enough to to be able to do that I think we need to

able to do that I think we need to

able to do that I think we need to marshal our behavior here on earth so we

marshal our behavior here on earth so we

marshal our behavior here on earth so we can learn how to improve the situations

can learn how to improve the situations

can learn how to improve the situations when we go somewhere else yeah that that

when we go somewhere else yeah that that

when we go somewhere else yeah that that the moon is a it requires just way too

the moon is a it requires just way too

the moon is a it requires just way too much to to make it hospitable but Mars

much to to make it hospitable but Mars

much to to make it hospitable but Mars is a much much better place beside it

is a much much better place beside it

is a much much better place beside it costs a lot of money to bring people

costs a lot of money to bring people

costs a lot of money to bring people back from there too yeah that actually

back from there too yeah that actually

back from there too yeah that actually brings us to a question of a quick fire

brings us to a question of a quick fire

brings us to a question of a quick fire round which either of you consider

round which either of you consider

round which either of you consider living on Mars if you had the chance

living on Mars if you had the chance

living on Mars if you had the chance even if it was a one-way ticket well I I

even if it was a one-way ticket well I I

even if it was a one-way ticket well I I can answer that I know what it entails I

can answer that I know what it entails I

can answer that I know what it entails I know the challenges of getting along

know the challenges of getting along

know the challenges of getting along with

with

with people that probably not been my strong

people that probably not been my strong

people that probably not been my strong suit it is thinking about new and

suit it is thinking about new and

suit it is thinking about new and different and better ways to do things

different and better ways to do things

different and better ways to do things and I need a big team behind me I don’t

and I need a big team behind me I don’t

and I need a big team behind me I don’t like to be lonely I like to prepare

like to be lonely I like to prepare

like to be lonely I like to prepare other people to do the things that will

other people to do the things that will

other people to do the things that will be remarkable and and I’ll rely on my

be remarkable and and I’ll rely on my

be remarkable and and I’ll rely on my intellect to try and use the experience

intellect to try and use the experience

intellect to try and use the experience and guide people into bigger and better

and guide people into bigger and better

and guide people into bigger and better things it sounds good kanade I’d sign up

things it sounds good kanade I’d sign up

things it sounds good kanade I’d sign up tomorrow so I’m totally game I I’m 50

tomorrow so I’m totally game I I’m 50

tomorrow so I’m totally game I I’m 50 years old I’ve seen great things and if

years old I’ve seen great things and if

years old I’ve seen great things and if I spent the next 50 years of my life if

I spent the next 50 years of my life if

I spent the next 50 years of my life if I live that long on Mars I would be I

I live that long on Mars I would be I

I live that long on Mars I would be I would love it i would do geology i would

would love it i would do geology i would

would love it i would do geology i would i would try to do things it’s not that

i would try to do things it’s not that

i would try to do things it’s not that we would want to be there but i would i

we would want to be there but i would i

we would want to be there but i would i would sign up for and then with

would sign up for and then with

would sign up for and then with technology as it is today the ability to

technology as it is today the ability to

technology as it is today the ability to communicate between the Earth and Mars

communicate between the Earth and Mars

communicate between the Earth and Mars we would keep me close to it and we

we would keep me close to it and we

we would keep me close to it and we would find a way to do it but it would

would find a way to do it but it would

would find a way to do it but it would just be to be that person that that that

just be to be that person that that that

just be to be that person that that that took that that first commandment to be

took that that first commandment to be

took that that first commandment to be on Mars even it was a one-way ticket I’d

on Mars even it was a one-way ticket I’d

on Mars even it was a one-way ticket I’d be like yeah let’s go ah I I just don’t

be like yeah let’s go ah I I just don’t

be like yeah let’s go ah I I just don’t like that one way ticket business I like

like that one way ticket business I like

like that one way ticket business I like the the positive way of saying we’re

the the positive way of saying we’re

the the positive way of saying we’re going to create permanence of human

going to create permanence of human

going to create permanence of human beings that for thousands of years have

beings that for thousands of years have

beings that for thousands of years have been here imprisoned by gravity to the

been here imprisoned by gravity to the

been here imprisoned by gravity to the one planet earth and we’re now on the

one planet earth and we’re now on the

one planet earth and we’re now on the verge of making a commitment to extend

verge of making a commitment to extend

verge of making a commitment to extend human habitation growing permanence on

human habitation growing permanence on

human habitation growing permanence on another planet in the Solar System and

another planet in the Solar System and

another planet in the Solar System and that is a big deal in the unfolding of

that is a big deal in the unfolding of

that is a big deal in the unfolding of human history and I always take the

human history and I always take the

human history and I always take the opportunity to remind whoever’s

opportunity to remind whoever’s

opportunity to remind whoever’s listening in that the president who

listening in that the president who

listening in that the president who makes that kind of a commitment is going

makes that kind of a commitment is going

makes that kind of a commitment is going to go down in history for hundreds of

to go down in history for hundreds of

to go down in history for hundreds of thousands of years that’s right I think

thousands of years that’s right I think

thousands of years that’s right I think that’s an awesome question that was Jeff

that’s an awesome question that was Jeff

that’s an awesome question that was Jeff diamond from my

diamond from my

diamond from my chusetts on google+ I have to credit him

chusetts on google+ I have to credit him

chusetts on google+ I have to credit him with that okay so we’re going to move on

with that okay so we’re going to move on

with that okay so we’re going to move on to thinking about the future and what’s

to thinking about the future and what’s

to thinking about the future and what’s next really I mean where are we in the

next really I mean where are we in the

next really I mean where are we in the global story the risk in the past versus

global story the risk in the past versus

global story the risk in the past versus risk in the future question for Conrad

risk in the future question for Conrad

risk in the future question for Conrad from Missha on youtube has evolving

from Missha on youtube has evolving

from Missha on youtube has evolving technology made climbing and exploration

technology made climbing and exploration

technology made climbing and exploration more accessible over the years

more accessible over the years

more accessible over the years technology certainly has it’s um

technology certainly has it’s um

technology certainly has it’s um obviously we’re great engineers and

obviously we’re great engineers and

obviously we’re great engineers and there’s no mountain we couldn’t build a

there’s no mountain we couldn’t build a

there’s no mountain we couldn’t build a cable car or a road to the top of it so

cable car or a road to the top of it so

cable car or a road to the top of it so the challenge the adventure we get in

the challenge the adventure we get in

the challenge the adventure we get in climbing is by doing it with less

climbing is by doing it with less

climbing is by doing it with less equipment and less stuff so you’re

equipment and less stuff so you’re

equipment and less stuff so you’re you’re creating that adventure in that

you’re creating that adventure in that

you’re creating that adventure in that challenge but I come back to thinking

challenge but I come back to thinking

challenge but I come back to thinking that the big challenge is the big

that the big challenge is the big

that the big challenge is the big exploration the big risk stories the

exploration the big risk stories the

exploration the big risk stories the next hundred years are going to be ones

next hundred years are going to be ones

next hundred years are going to be ones that that involve and and sort of

that that involve and and sort of

that that involve and and sort of include all the humans and how we’re

include all the humans and how we’re

include all the humans and how we’re going to address the next 200 years and

going to address the next 200 years and

going to address the next 200 years and those are that’s a great big unknown out

those are that’s a great big unknown out

those are that’s a great big unknown out there but calming because it’s

there but calming because it’s

there but calming because it’s adventurous and at risk it keeps that

adventurous and at risk it keeps that

adventurous and at risk it keeps that spirit in that gene alive right yeah

spirit in that gene alive right yeah

spirit in that gene alive right yeah it’s a great metaphor for what we need

it’s a great metaphor for what we need

it’s a great metaphor for what we need to do yeah my choice would be to use a

to do yeah my choice would be to use a

to do yeah my choice would be to use a helicopter to go to the top of Mount

helicopter to go to the top of Mount

helicopter to go to the top of Mount Everest I think some of them could do

Everest I think some of them could do

Everest I think some of them could do that but you know we choose to use the

that but you know we choose to use the

that but you know we choose to use the words we choose to do this not because

words we choose to do this not because

words we choose to do this not because it’s easy but because it’s hard and I

it’s easy but because it’s hard and I

it’s easy but because it’s hard and I think that embodies the the human spirit

think that embodies the the human spirit

think that embodies the the human spirit really tackle objectives to see that we

really tackle objectives to see that we

really tackle objectives to see that we can do what hasn’t been done or what

can do what hasn’t been done or what

can do what hasn’t been done or what challenges the rumen adventure and and

challenges the rumen adventure and and

challenges the rumen adventure and and does something that will be admired

does something that will be admired

does something that will be admired appreciated and sometimes rewarded

appreciated and sometimes rewarded

appreciated and sometimes rewarded sometimes not what do you think what

sometimes not what do you think what

sometimes not what do you think what advice would you have asks Elizabeth man

advice would you have asks Elizabeth man

advice would you have asks Elizabeth man on Twitter for these new generations of

on Twitter for these new generations of

on Twitter for these new generations of explorers who do perhaps more than any

explorers who do perhaps more than any

explorers who do perhaps more than any other time in history have to think

other time in history have to think

other time in history have to think about you know the legacy that they

about you know the legacy that they

about you know the legacy that they leave behind in terms of the

leave behind in terms of the

leave behind in terms of the sources that we have left I mean what

sources that we have left I mean what

sources that we have left I mean what what do you have what advice might you

what do you have what advice might you

what do you have what advice might you have if they have families how did they

have if they have families how did they

have if they have families how did they get involved in in thinking about these

get involved in in thinking about these

get involved in in thinking about these things well I certainly I talked to a

things well I certainly I talked to a

things well I certainly I talked to a number of people who cherish their

number of people who cherish their

number of people who cherish their participation 40 50 years ago in the

participation 40 50 years ago in the

participation 40 50 years ago in the Apollo program so being a team member

Apollo program so being a team member

Apollo program so being a team member when you contribute what you can as an

when you contribute what you can as an

when you contribute what you can as an individual to the success of the

individual to the success of the

individual to the success of the combined effort is really a great treat

combined effort is really a great treat

combined effort is really a great treat for some human being to be able to do

for some human being to be able to do

for some human being to be able to do not everybody can be as at the point of

not everybody can be as at the point of

not everybody can be as at the point of the spear or carrying out the the big

the spear or carrying out the the big

the spear or carrying out the the big step even though it’s a small step at

step even though it’s a small step at

step even though it’s a small step at the moon it’ll be a giant leap for

the moon it’ll be a giant leap for

the moon it’ll be a giant leap for permanence on Mars yeah and Conrad what

permanence on Mars yeah and Conrad what

permanence on Mars yeah and Conrad what do you think ripe for families and the

do you think ripe for families and the

do you think ripe for families and the people that are out there the spirit of

people that are out there the spirit of

people that are out there the spirit of exploration and risk if you can bring it

exploration and risk if you can bring it

exploration and risk if you can bring it into your life and bring into your heart

into your life and bring into your heart

into your life and bring into your heart and on the weekend go out with your

and on the weekend go out with your

and on the weekend go out with your family or friends and go for a hike and

family or friends and go for a hike and

family or friends and go for a hike and sort of get out there and do something a

sort of get out there and do something a

sort of get out there and do something a little out of your comfort range get

little out of your comfort range get

little out of your comfort range get hungry get rained on get showered upon

hungry get rained on get showered upon

hungry get rained on get showered upon so you come back and you’re like wow

so you come back and you’re like wow

so you come back and you’re like wow that’s what it’s like to be human and

that’s what it’s like to be human and

that’s what it’s like to be human and then willingness to take that on that

then willingness to take that on that

then willingness to take that on that that the hard work and the diligence and

that the hard work and the diligence and

that the hard work and the diligence and suffering that that great things require

suffering that that great things require

suffering that that great things require that building that spirit into it will

that building that spirit into it will

that building that spirit into it will collectively as buzz pointed out that’s

collectively as buzz pointed out that’s

collectively as buzz pointed out that’s what we need to get us up there to Mars

what we need to get us up there to Mars

what we need to get us up there to Mars yeah yeah there is this sense that you

yeah yeah there is this sense that you

yeah yeah there is this sense that you know amongst a lot of people that we

know amongst a lot of people that we

know amongst a lot of people that we only have the younger generation have

only have the younger generation have

only have the younger generation have perhaps more of an academic relationship

perhaps more of an academic relationship

perhaps more of an academic relationship with nature in that they can give us all

with nature in that they can give us all

with nature in that they can give us all the statistics on climate change but

the statistics on climate change but

the statistics on climate change but maybe have never slept in a tent before

maybe have never slept in a tent before

maybe have never slept in a tent before so you know sort of like you need the

so you know sort of like you need the

so you know sort of like you need the balance of both to move forward and I

balance of both to move forward and I

balance of both to move forward and I think you to embody that that’s sort of

think you to embody that that’s sort of

think you to embody that that’s sort of excitement about the world around us and

excitement about the world around us and

excitement about the world around us and really rolling up your sleeves and get

really rolling up your sleeves and get

really rolling up your sleeves and get in your hands in getting getting

in your hands in getting getting

in your hands in getting getting involved in it is there anything that

involved in it is there anything that

involved in it is there anything that you want to share with us about any

you want to share with us about any

you want to share with us about any your projects that you’re involved in

your projects that you’re involved in

your projects that you’re involved in now because we start to sort of gets a

now because we start to sort of gets a

now because we start to sort of gets a few more questions in and before we

few more questions in and before we

few more questions in and before we start to wrap up in a few minutes is

start to wrap up in a few minutes is

start to wrap up in a few minutes is there anything you’d like to tell me

there anything you’d like to tell me

there anything you’d like to tell me about well what one thing that I’m

about well what one thing that I’m

about well what one thing that I’m involved in maybe for another six months

involved in maybe for another six months

involved in maybe for another six months or so it has to do with the law that was

or so it has to do with the law that was

or so it has to do with the law that was passed back in 08 that allows veterans

passed back in 08 that allows veterans

passed back in 08 that allows veterans to show the pride that they have in

to show the pride that they have in

to show the pride that they have in their service when the national anthem

their service when the national anthem

their service when the national anthem is played at ceremonial events sporting

is played at ceremonial events sporting

is played at ceremonial events sporting events that instead of putting their

events that instead of putting their

events that instead of putting their hand over their heart the way most

hand over their heart the way most

hand over their heart the way most others we may hand salute now so not

others we may hand salute now so not

others we may hand salute now so not only to the veterans need to know this

only to the veterans need to know this

only to the veterans need to know this for their own pride and comradeship with

for their own pride and comradeship with

for their own pride and comradeship with other people that they seek but the

other people that they seek but the

other people that they seek but the American people need to appreciate in a

American people need to appreciate in a

American people need to appreciate in a greater way the sacrifices that be that

greater way the sacrifices that be that

greater way the sacrifices that be that have been made and along that same line

have been made and along that same line

have been made and along that same line we have 22 suicides a day of veterans

we have 22 suicides a day of veterans

we have 22 suicides a day of veterans because of post-traumatic stress

because of post-traumatic stress

because of post-traumatic stress disorder and I’m trying to do what I can

disorder and I’m trying to do what I can

disorder and I’m trying to do what I can with my aviation background to provide a

with my aviation background to provide a

with my aviation background to provide a simple a simulator airplane flying and

simple a simulator airplane flying and

simple a simulator airplane flying and small flights to get a sense of

small flights to get a sense of

small flights to get a sense of achievement a sense of feeling good

achievement a sense of feeling good

achievement a sense of feeling good about yourself and and don’t dwell on

about yourself and and don’t dwell on

about yourself and and don’t dwell on your problems I know enough about that

your problems I know enough about that

your problems I know enough about that firsthand my up because I’ve I’ve fallen

firsthand my up because I’ve I’ve fallen

firsthand my up because I’ve I’ve fallen into that trap many times yeah and

into that trap many times yeah and

into that trap many times yeah and flipping the perspective is the way out

flipping the perspective is the way out

flipping the perspective is the way out often of these things that’s the way

often of these things that’s the way

often of these things that’s the way that you can walk a path out I mean that

that you can walk a path out I mean that

that you can walk a path out I mean that is that is the way ahead a Conrad what

is that is the way ahead a Conrad what

is that is the way ahead a Conrad what do you think about it in your field yeah

do you think about it in your field yeah

do you think about it in your field yeah similar to buzz I’ve got a project i’m

similar to buzz I’ve got a project i’m

similar to buzz I’ve got a project i’m working with veterans expeditions and

working with veterans expeditions and

working with veterans expeditions and our goal is to take them outdoors and go

our goal is to take them outdoors and go

our goal is to take them outdoors and go ice climbing mountaineering having them

ice climbing mountaineering having them

ice climbing mountaineering having them be witnesses of climate change and like

be witnesses of climate change and like

be witnesses of climate change and like getting them outdoors and have been

getting them outdoors and have been

getting them outdoors and have been giving them the opportunity to live and

giving them the opportunity to live and

giving them the opportunity to live and be me in the wilderness where they were

be me in the wilderness where they were

be me in the wilderness where they were willing to offer the ultimate sacrifice

willing to offer the ultimate sacrifice

willing to offer the ultimate sacrifice for that so it’s been

for that so it’s been

for that so it’s been great program addressing the sort of

great program addressing the sort of

great program addressing the sort of some of the challenges with that and

some of the challenges with that and

some of the challenges with that and then also looking to engage more people

then also looking to engage more people

then also looking to engage more people in science I and I’m a layperson

in science I and I’m a layperson

in science I and I’m a layperson scientist but the value of it and being

scientist but the value of it and being

scientist but the value of it and being able to get young people in fourth and

able to get young people in fourth and

able to get young people in fourth and fifth grade because sooner than later

fifth grade because sooner than later

fifth grade because sooner than later they’re going to be science technology

they’re going to be science technology

they’re going to be science technology engineering all those really core things

engineering all those really core things

engineering all those really core things that are the basis of where we need to

that are the basis of where we need to

that are the basis of where we need to be as a nation going forward yeah and

be as a nation going forward yeah and

be as a nation going forward yeah and then I guess um you know one more thing

then I guess um you know one more thing

then I guess um you know one more thing what would you do differently if you’re

what would you do differently if you’re

what would you do differently if you’re sort of 21 again starting out your

sort of 21 again starting out your

sort of 21 again starting out your careers would you what what advice would

careers would you what what advice would

careers would you what what advice would you have for people are what what would

you have for people are what what would

you have for people are what what would you specifically change about the path

you specifically change about the path

you specifically change about the path that you took because I think a lot of

that you took because I think a lot of

that you took because I think a lot of people would like to sort of figure out

people would like to sort of figure out

people would like to sort of figure out how to get into your shoes and be able

how to get into your shoes and be able

how to get into your shoes and be able to take the sort of risks that you have

to take the sort of risks that you have

to take the sort of risks that you have so what would you do differently I am a

so what would you do differently I am a

so what would you do differently I am a most grateful person for having grown up

most grateful person for having grown up

most grateful person for having grown up in the United States of America and

in the United States of America and

in the United States of America and having parents that nurtured me in in

having parents that nurtured me in in

having parents that nurtured me in in the development having an outstanding

the development having an outstanding

the development having an outstanding education system in my hometown taking

education system in my hometown taking

education system in my hometown taking advantage of serving my country and the

advantage of serving my country and the

advantage of serving my country and the discipline that goes along with a West

discipline that goes along with a West

discipline that goes along with a West Point education then I was fortunate

Point education then I was fortunate

Point education then I was fortunate enough to get involved in in combat in

enough to get involved in in combat in

enough to get involved in in combat in aircraft during the Korean War I even

aircraft during the Korean War I even

aircraft during the Korean War I even was on alert with nuclear weapons I’m

was on alert with nuclear weapons I’m

was on alert with nuclear weapons I’m five menit alert and if the this ayran

five menit alert and if the this ayran

five menit alert and if the this ayran went we were hopped in our airplanes and

went we were hopped in our airplanes and

went we were hopped in our airplanes and we deliver a nuclear weapon somewhere in

we deliver a nuclear weapon somewhere in

we deliver a nuclear weapon somewhere in Poland or Czechoslovakia there are a lot

Poland or Czechoslovakia there are a lot

Poland or Czechoslovakia there are a lot of people that were doing that and

of people that were doing that and

of people that were doing that and people just don’t realize that that that

people just don’t realize that that that

people just don’t realize that that that among many things are the sacrifices

among many things are the sacrifices

among many things are the sacrifices that are involved then of course I left

that are involved then of course I left

that are involved then of course I left out and

out and

out and managed to talk my way into the space

managed to talk my way into the space

managed to talk my way into the space program and and that brought about

program and and that brought about

program and and that brought about tremendous rewards not for everyone one

tremendous rewards not for everyone one

tremendous rewards not for everyone one of my very best friends at West Point

of my very best friends at West Point

of my very best friends at West Point and as a fighter pilot was ed white and

and as a fighter pilot was ed white and

and as a fighter pilot was ed white and he was killed in the Apollo 1 fire so

he was killed in the Apollo 1 fire so

he was killed in the Apollo 1 fire so there there are sacrifices their things

there there are sacrifices their things

there there are sacrifices their things unexpectedly that can come along and and

unexpectedly that can come along and and

unexpectedly that can come along and and some of us whether these challenges and

some of us whether these challenges and

some of us whether these challenges and enter able to succeed but we look back

enter able to succeed but we look back

enter able to succeed but we look back at those who also were very talented

at those who also were very talented

at those who also were very talented maybe even more talented than we are but

maybe even more talented than we are but

maybe even more talented than we are but we’re denied the opportunity for the

we’re denied the opportunity for the

we’re denied the opportunity for the same success that we had that’s right um

same success that we had that’s right um

same success that we had that’s right um Conrad is that how how do you answer

Conrad is that how how do you answer

Conrad is that how how do you answer that question the under-21 I’m happy

that question the under-21 I’m happy

that question the under-21 I’m happy where I am in life and everything I

where I am in life and everything I

where I am in life and everything I wouldn’t want to change anything if I

wouldn’t want to change anything if I

wouldn’t want to change anything if I were to do anything over again I would

were to do anything over again I would

were to do anything over again I would have stuck to playing music too late I

have stuck to playing music too late I

have stuck to playing music too late I hate that yeah but we could have done

hate that yeah but we could have done

hate that yeah but we could have done that but I’m uh I’m so happy in as was

that but I’m uh I’m so happy in as was

that but I’m uh I’m so happy in as was mentioned we’re so fortunate here in the

mentioned we’re so fortunate here in the

mentioned we’re so fortunate here in the United States to have the education

United States to have the education

United States to have the education system the support system and it yeah I

system the support system and it yeah I

system the support system and it yeah I would hey if I could at age 21 realize

would hey if I could at age 21 realize

would hey if I could at age 21 realize that it’s not about what you take but

that it’s not about what you take but

that it’s not about what you take but it’s about what you give back I think

it’s about what you give back I think

it’s about what you give back I think that for me would have been it took me

that for me would have been it took me

that for me would have been it took me later in life and it took me tragedy

later in life and it took me tragedy

later in life and it took me tragedy having lost friends and things like that

having lost friends and things like that

having lost friends and things like that to realize it’s not about us but how are

to realize it’s not about us but how are

to realize it’s not about us but how are we going to give back to the people that

we going to give back to the people that

we going to give back to the people that they’re coming after us because the

they’re coming after us because the

they’re coming after us because the people that came before escape to us

people that came before escape to us

people that came before escape to us right and then last question before we

right and then last question before we

right and then last question before we close can you give us a sense of who

close can you give us a sense of who

close can you give us a sense of who your favorite risk takers are and why

your favorite risk takers are and why

your favorite risk takers are and why and that’s just a really quick question

and that’s just a really quick question

and that’s just a really quick question well mine is a contemporary of my

well mine is a contemporary of my

well mine is a contemporary of my father’s who was an aviation pioneer he

father’s who was an aviation pioneer he

father’s who was an aviation pioneer he studied under Robert Goddard he was an

studied under Robert Goddard he was an

studied under Robert Goddard he was an aide to Billy Mitchell he grew up and

aide to Billy Mitchell he grew up and

aide to Billy Mitchell he grew up and was born in the same year as as a real

was born in the same year as as a real

was born in the same year as as a real famous aviator

famous aviator

famous aviator and the book was written about him 30

and the book was written about him 30

and the book was written about him 30 seconds over Tokyo and why was he why

seconds over Tokyo and why was he why

seconds over Tokyo and why was he why was he so inspirational well he

was he so inspirational well he

was he so inspirational well he certainly didn’t hesitate to take

certainly didn’t hesitate to take

certainly didn’t hesitate to take command of other people and lead them on

command of other people and lead them on

command of other people and lead them on one of the most daring missions of World

one of the most daring missions of World

one of the most daring missions of World War two and that’s the bombing of Tokyo

War two and that’s the bombing of Tokyo

War two and that’s the bombing of Tokyo which somehow affected the defense of

which somehow affected the defense of

which somehow affected the defense of Japan and made them keep a lot of forces

Japan and made them keep a lot of forces

Japan and made them keep a lot of forces there got out but but the courage to do

there got out but but the courage to do

there got out but but the courage to do what they did and that’s to take off

what they did and that’s to take off

what they did and that’s to take off from that carrier knowing that they have

from that carrier knowing that they have

from that carrier knowing that they have been sighted so that they couldn’t

been sighted so that they couldn’t

been sighted so that they couldn’t return back to the carrier but they had

return back to the carrier but they had

return back to the carrier but they had a crash land in China and take take

a crash land in China and take take

a crash land in China and take take their chances with survival that’s

their chances with survival that’s

their chances with survival that’s incredible and the Conrad what about

incredible and the Conrad what about

incredible and the Conrad what about yours current risk takers on the team

yours current risk takers on the team

yours current risk takers on the team over at Golden Spike they’re trying to

over at Golden Spike they’re trying to

over at Golden Spike they’re trying to get commercial aviation to this point

get commercial aviation to this point

get commercial aviation to this point where they can land people on the moon

where they can land people on the moon

where they can land people on the moon and when you do if this is going to be

and when you do if this is going to be

and when you do if this is going to be viable and needs to be viable and

viable and needs to be viable and

viable and needs to be viable and economic scale and being able to do that

economic scale and being able to do that

economic scale and being able to do that I think that that whole team is is

I think that that whole team is is

I think that that whole team is is putting it out there but they’re also

putting it out there but they’re also

putting it out there but they’re also opening it up to the marketplace and

opening it up to the marketplace and

opening it up to the marketplace and competitive engineering so I think that

competitive engineering so I think that

competitive engineering so I think that a combination of the NASA program that

a combination of the NASA program that

a combination of the NASA program that went on which was very much state planet

went on which was very much state planet

went on which was very much state planet to private enterprise so that that that

to private enterprise so that that that

to private enterprise so that that that would be in like on a big scale climbing

would be in like on a big scale climbing

would be in like on a big scale climbing there’s there’s really talented climbers

there’s there’s really talented climbers

there’s there’s really talented climbers out there they were doing crazy things

out there they were doing crazy things

out there they were doing crazy things but sort of the big picture would be

but sort of the big picture would be

but sort of the big picture would be this this chance to get people on the

this this chance to get people on the

this this chance to get people on the moon again right we’ve got a we’ve got a

moon again right we’ve got a we’ve got a

moon again right we’ve got a we’ve got a married couple that is going to in

married couple that is going to in

married couple that is going to in January 2018 launch to fly by Mars and

January 2018 launch to fly by Mars and

January 2018 launch to fly by Mars and come back 500 days later that’s a very

come back 500 days later that’s a very

come back 500 days later that’s a very challenging and the title of the program

challenging and the title of the program

challenging and the title of the program is inspiration Mars Glenda I think

is inspiration Mars Glenda I think

is inspiration Mars Glenda I think that’s going to do much to lift the

that’s going to do much to lift the

that’s going to do much to lift the spirits of those of us who seek further

spirits of those of us who seek further

spirits of those of us who seek further and further goals in our space program

and further goals in our space program

and further goals in our space program and extension of humanity

and extension of humanity

and extension of humanity outward also sounds like the ultimate

outward also sounds like the ultimate

outward also sounds like the ultimate reality show is a between between the

reality show is a between between the

reality show is a between between the moon Everest and Mars we have all the

moon Everest and Mars we have all the

moon Everest and Mars we have all the girls covered but you two are an

girls covered but you two are an

girls covered but you two are an incredible inspiration I think for the

incredible inspiration I think for the

incredible inspiration I think for the people who are watching and I think it’s

people who are watching and I think it’s

people who are watching and I think it’s lovely to hear you give an assessment of

lovely to hear you give an assessment of

lovely to hear you give an assessment of your stories on risk so thank you so

your stories on risk so thank you so

your stories on risk so thank you so much for joining us today and thank you

much for joining us today and thank you

much for joining us today and thank you to everybody joining the google hangout

to everybody joining the google hangout

to everybody joining the google hangout we’re going to wrap now and thank you

we’re going to wrap now and thank you

we’re going to wrap now and thank you for your questions to get closer to

for your questions to get closer to

for your questions to get closer to other national geographic risk takers

other national geographic risk takers

other national geographic risk takers you can have a look at our june issue

you can have a look at our june issue

you can have a look at our june issue and we hope that you’ll keep exploring

and we hope that you’ll keep exploring

and we hope that you’ll keep exploring with us join National Geographic Society

with us join National Geographic Society

with us join National Geographic Society at National Geographic com if you want

at National Geographic com if you want

at National Geographic com if you want to learn more and we’ll see you next

to learn more and we’ll see you next

to learn more and we’ll see you next time thank you