and paraphrasing the first speaker to
Dr’s senior partner is a pleasure and a
privilege is this afternoon with all
you and I wanted to take advantage and give the
thanks to these people who have done
that is here today of course ignacio
of course alicia of course Alberto
Thank you very much for thinking that it deserves
sorry what I can tell you today I’m
here as an elder of the tribe
that category can be accessed from
all in two ways one of
they are very obvious by age
I’m getting closer but I still do not
what’s gained and the second one is
because the nature of endows a
particular quality that is having a
great white hair and for that
I am here today and I am going to
tell how the elders of the
tribe a history of prehistory
whenever you want, then we start with the
photo album of any family in
this case our family
the hominids here on the left
we have saluzzi an australopithecus very
famous that thanks to the work of
dissemination so good that they have made their
discoverers both the donald professor
johanson as Professor Tim White as
practically everyone knows her
it’s a reconstruction made by
Dutch brothers that are that are
the monozygotic identical twins
killer and met them the
arsuaga teacher who is my teacher I am
of his team for 30 years in a
paleontology congress and what do
two artists of fine arts
working with in a congress for the
anthology is that the brothers
kennis that is what they are called and are the
authors of many of the images that
you are going to see here today the brothers
that neither be apart from being a left-handed and 1
right-handed
one starts the picture here and another
around here are some professionals
then ask for fourth and half homo
habilis that you know what they are going to do
perfectly good proportions
arms legs and that’s a luxury with the
that we have for a long time
since we met and that’s why
these reconstructions also so
credible
Of course there is a lot of license
artistic because it is based on a
skeleton bone all reconstruction
but as I tell you the well they have of
the professionalism is noticed and
transmits and are not those moments
horrible has his personality has
its own characteristics
below we have a great
branch that emerged from the australopithecus
that it would be the paranthropus that
we call the nutcrackers colloquially
and simultaneously emerged on the planet
a new group that are the genre of
what do we do ?
characteristics
we had us because before he spoke
jce how important another jeff will be
important in biology be the one
are the ends when the
moments of crisis and that we must innovate
but in biology you choose us you do not
you can say now there’s going to be a crisis
and I will do very well if I shot for
this side you are there and you say walk
Well, lucky I do not have hair anymore
I go well but did not have solecito
hair and I was having a bad time before
another possibility is neither chicha nor limoná
I play everything what happened
with the mmo genre that he made
there was a climate change that yes that
it was a climate change and not what
now very important said then I give it
everything as everything and I do my voice and
that was the great success of will
there was then we see that under the
parantes bush is the first homo
ergaster that if it was like us
from the anatomical point of view
also from the neck down and not
we have changed we already have a
very similar proportion of arms
etcetera etcetera
in the center we have two of the
protagonists of the sierra de atapuerca
under would be a representation of the
boy from the big sinkhole and in the center
there would be a representation of Miguel or
not agamemnon from one of the fossils
from the chasm of the bones and down to the
right there is a representation of
possible moment of encounter between
Neanderthals and first homo sapiens and
I have good news
we are the guilty of the disappearance
of many species on the planet but I
I come to free them from responsibility
that we have extended to the
neandertales and yet it’s a
reality and a fact that we have
left alone on the planet and that we
does anthropocentric if we have it
to get out of your head constantly
you have to forget and as a scientist
we must always be willing to me
I mistook do and I think it requires
that we keep alive the child that
we are inside and that is very important
for innovation
this is an image of the Sierra de
atapuerca that is what I said
before and what he has presented me
ignacio is a small elevation that
they almost do not deserve the name of sierra
because it just stands 80 meters from the
Castilian plateau but it is a box of
endless treasures
People tell us when you’re going to finish
to dig to discover I tell them that
There are now running the
excavation of more than eight sites
I’ve been in one of them for 32 years
the bones and we only carry one
third
I will not even see the end of the
deposit in which I have been 30 years
digging but they have been telling us
many things this mountain range is covered
by a system of galleries is what
It is drawn in red and they are almost 4
miles
development below in three levels of
depth that were in turn cut
as you see here in the trench of
mining railroad and that was the factor
so that there was to discover that
has high puerca why because cut
the saw and left uncovered like a
gruyere cheese the caves full of
sediments and fossils and stones
carved and that was the great miracle
let’s say in the great luck that happened to
late 19th century and early
2010
as I was telling you there is right now in
Excavation a lot of deposits
here you are seeing at least seven of
they are others outdoors
another one that is going to start now and how they see
at least there are four that are at
along the railway trench and
what is that scar that looks at the
right in three of these deposits
three of these deposits have been
found umán and humanities
primitive one of them does not have
special assigned we only know that
belongs to the genus homo
another is what has allowed the to
discoveries names a new species
that is homo antecessor two but that of the
that I’m going to occupy is the third
and younger that is the homo
heidelbergensis that has around
half a million years 430 thousand according to
the latest adaptations
this is part of the team that we work
inside the cave and it ‘s him
the only two deposits that
really when people go and say so
this is a cave because those who are
in the railroad trench is
cut the long wall ready and inside
is filled the sediment we would enter
through the fence they accompany me we will go through
by the chairs we will arrive at the great
cyclops room if you want that is and
we will go down a vertical ramp of 13
meters deep
at the end we will be 50
four meters deep ground
current and in the background
we will finally arrive at the abyss of
bones
As you can see, it is a very small place and
a very magical place and it is a place that
has allowed to recover the collection
largest fossil planet
humans to this day we have more than
6,500 bones and and we only carry one
third what I was saying here is a
moment of a July any
during the excavation and there they see me
you brunette and very young to the
left along with the professor arsuaga
Professor martínez the empty person
we are all old carriages but
we started being brave young
for ten years we were taking
tons of stone and scrambled segment
because it was a place where people
of the region and the surroundings
He traveled constantly and we had the faith
a hypothesis of the teacher’s departure
arsuaga that is an innovator and another and
as to how science lives and he
said if there are third phalanges that is
the first thing that is lost in a
training are the skeletons
complete and ten years later
we find in this box excavation
50 for 50 treasure everything they see
you are there are human remains a piece
of skull and jaw we make and
this you see down here on the left
decomposed is the remains that then
they allowed us to build rebuild
miguelón the best preserved grain of the
planet that allow us to rebuild the
the 28 skeletons that’s what you
I wanted to teach now worth of different
Death ages range from 5 years
up to more than 35 and of both sexes to 50
percent is to say that for once in
the story has found a place
where there is
show enough to know the
variability of an ancient population
from a fossil population of half ago
million years
and in these because in this population
have appeared remains of the huv of zones
skeletons that are unique as per
elvis example pelvis which is
are you seeing the one who then
we have put the lumbar vertebrae
we have managed to associate it and by making a
study we discovered that he was very
malito that had spondylolisthesis not
those of small osteophytes had the
column made a disgust and an ipo lordosis
wild with which we are convinced
that although they had anatomically
a different column layout
of ours
different from ours
I had to use a cane and I needed
help because you think we’re
speaking a population of
hunter-gatherers people who
moved and that was nomad constantly
we also knew this would be a
reconstruction of how it could be
the poor elvis at the time of his
death and also in the year 2001
we started to rescue a skull pretty
complete for what is usually the abyss
of the bones and after a long
cleaning process restoration
etcetera etcetera allowed us
compose one to one of the individuals
immature of the collection and this
individual when we wrote it
we are stone because it has the
vertical front instead of view as
all the great primitives and again
we have touched the realito and the
look at it from behind we realized that
not only was it deformed in the part
frontal but it was like tumbao
inclined this exists as pathology
because we did and if he’s sick with
something then if it exists today and
in fact it is so rare that it
encompasses within what is known as
weird illness
it’s a big one and if it does not it’s merged
the left lambdoid suture before
time and that produced that the poor
brain the brain grows where
could we have deduced that this individual
He must have died around the age of 10
being very conservative among the 9 and
the 14 and we think it was a
feminine individual and that’s why we call it
youngest this disease like
he commented is very rare and is classified in
function that two sculptures are
merge with each other
and the fact is that we were not surprised
a lot of that being a very disease
rare nowadays I think that
it was at the end the last figure that
we had was one case every 200,000
births
how could it have happened I’m in
the average Pleistocene makes half a million
of years we decided to try to go more
there to see if we were able to know
if they were congenital it is to say present to the
birth and we discovered that he had to
have begun to merge around
week 28 of gestation and we discovered
after making a diagnosis
differential that was probably
result of a trauma inc
commanded in a trauma then a
twin pregnancy conflicting lack of
amniotic fluid a fall from the
congenital torticollis mother all that
would go into trauma but what
amazing is that youngest
She survived beyond ten years
of age and we decided to see if as in
some cases this had an impact on
the health of the individual if he had any
type of psychomotor delay because today
in today
at present every time a child
deviate diagnosed from this
disease
before the third month it usually happens
by surgery because you can
injure the cfi and when we did the tap
when we did the tap
and if we rebuild the encephalon of
benjamin
we discovered that he had evidence of
possible elevated intracranial pressure
why because he had an efas sadaq
not ideas that seemed like a
skull of an individual of 50 years and
we said mother of mine because probably
just like I had some kind of delay
psychomotor
we will never know for sure because no
we were there but it sounds like yes and
then the big question comes if in
hamina came to survive until 10
years was because they looked after her
of what parents care for children
it was because they took care of her because they wanted
take care of her they chose to take care of her they chose her
Pampered her they chose the most human
we have love it and that’s why it’s called
benjamin to because benjamina wants
say in Hebrew the dearest
thank you very much
[Applause]
”
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