(Bravo)
I warmly welcome.
I would like to talk about it,
what I think about technology,
on the impact of technology on the world from the perspective of an engineer.
This is something that is fascinating and inspirational to me at the same time.
A slide that shows the Earth and the asteroid.
What’s so fascinating about it?
Well, 100 years ago
we would probably be doomed to the fate of dinosaurs from 65 million years ago.
We were not able to respond to such a threat in any way,
that could wipe out humanity from the face of the Earth.
This is something really amazing,
that technological progress has really made
that we are able to
maybe you do not react in an effective way,
but at least detect such a threat
and come up with some way to solve this.
At the moment, computers regularly search the sky
in search of new asteroids.
We catalog these asteroids that could cut the Earth’s orbit
and as a result, we are preparing for this threat,
which is probably the largest possible.
It’s technology that makes us stay in place,
in which we can save humanity from destruction.
This is a very unlikely scenario.
So unlikely,
that is probably abstract for most people.
But something tells us.
And this picture,
such on the part of a technological engineer,
this is something that will be the subject of my presentation.
I would not like to enter social and economic issues here.
This is very complex and there are probably many people in the room,
who have their own opinions on this subject.
The technological area, on the other hand, is more terrestrial.
Is our future this:
Cities that will be swept away by artificial intelligence.
Computers that are faster than us, wiser master the world.
What is greater, perhaps, social and economic differences.
Or our future is this:
A world that goes in the right direction,
which is better,
which makes people to live simply safer,
more comfortable and healthier.
A few words about technology.
What makes things,
which seem impossible, are happening,
this is the exponential rate of technological development.
At the foundation of this lie things like
electronics, silicon, more transistors.
Without going into details, the idea is
it’s been confirmed for the last 50, 60 years,
that computing power, many other parameters,
which describe the potential of technology to change things,
grows twice in two years.
What does it mean?
After 10 years, we have 30 times faster computers.
Not bad, but it’s not, I think, so dramatic,
like what happens after 20.
We have thousands of times faster computers,
one thousand times more computing power,
which makes unsolvable problems can be solved.
Problems that we were thinking about
that they will never come out of the human domain in their lives,
solve the machine.
Here are two examples.
1996.
The then World Champion Garri Kasparov loses chess with the computer.
Something that would have been unthinkable years ago,
it’s suddenly happening.
Computers are so powerful that they can win with a human being,
who devoted his whole life to exploring the secrets of chess.
A very complex game that requires years of work,
to achieve some level of professionalism.
At that time, it was thought that another barrier,
this time, not to be exceeded for a computer, is the game “go”,
which when it comes to complexity is many times more difficult.
The number of combinations in the “go” game is something
which can be compared with the number of atoms in the universe.
What happened in March this year?
One of the leading players from South Korea
loses with the computer.
This is a game in which we refer more
to creativity and imagination than to dry calculations,
which characterize these machines.
But the progress in computing power,
advances in technology have made
that the computer is able to show such “creativity”
and play games on such a level as the best players in the world.
It’s 20 years old
between the tournament with Garry Kasparov and this game from March this year.
Twenty years.
Machines are thousands of times more powerful, faster, more efficient.
These are of course abstract examples,
which talk about what is not applicable.
Calculations are faster and more intelligent,
but still something that does not translate into our lives.
I would like to tell a bit more about it,
how machines translate into our lives.
And something that personally always fascinated me,
such a computer equivalent of the sense of sight,
that is a camera, a computer with software,
who can do something with this camera.
The sense of sight is especially important to us.
In this way, we accept data from the world,
we process them in our heads and do something about it.
We make decisions, we learn, we read books.
The sense of sight in the factories
for many years he served to make sure that
that what we produce is of the highest quality,
that cars have the same shape, there are no material defects.
A repetitive act, someone stands, looks.
OK. It’s not OK.
In 1988, the first systems appeared
that would automate it.
Repeatable operation that the machine can perform
by testing products, making sure
that they are manufactured at the highest quality level.
A more complex problem.
Year 1998, or 10 years.
30 times faster computers.
The problem of monitoring in cities.
Of course, this is a matter that has a second face,
the question of privacy.
But is the security they bring
is not more important?
Well, this year
the computer began to support a man in the analysis of this image.
A much more complex topic.
We do not have this repeatability,
which is characterized by a factory, production line.
Unforeseen events appear here.
A group of people on the street, a car that drives upstream,
someone falls, you have to help him, you have to react quickly.
An extremely tedious task for a man.
For hours looking at monitors,
like the man in the picture behind me.
Nothing nice.
Surely after a while, people get tired,
it is not able to effectively and effectively operate.
The machine does it day by day, hour by hour and it turns out
that in certain scenarios it gives better results.
Better results, more security, we can react.
Another example.
We have such devices for some time,
from the 80s similarly.
We are able to look into the depths of man.
Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography.
Images, tissues, lungs and brain arising
this is a chance to react more quickly in case of any disease.
We see more,
we draw conclusions,
we make decisions about treatment.
Something that is definitely the domain of experts,
doctors who study for years, gain experience for years
and they are capable of this expert knowledge
translate into the fact that a person lives longer,
he gets better therapy, he is diagnosed faster.
A year ago, a large technology company entered into an alliance with the company,
which had a huge database of medical images.
Thousands of hospitals around the world.
What does it show?
The potential for technology to start doing something with this data.
We’re not just showing the picture to the doctor,
but we’re telling you what might be wrong.
The amount of data makes technology here an advantage.
New systems are able to recommend actions,
which maybe improve this diagnosis
and make the patient live longer.
And these are the areas in which we operate,
which always fascinated me.
In principle, for 20 years, the topic of machine learning
and building machines that they see and help,
this is something that is close to me.
In secondary school, the subject of my diploma thesis
there was a program to search for non-star bodies in sky images.
Somewhere, it stayed with us.
These next applications in industry,
in cities, I’m talking about the safety of cities,
or now in oncological diagnostics,
this is something that we are trying to explore.
Me personally gives this feeling,
that technology can help.
From an engineering point of view
it really has huge potential,
which often goes beyond what we can imagine.
What’s with us today?
There is a lot of talk about cars that are autonomous,
that drive themselves.
A gigantic jump.
20 years ago probably no one would have put it on.
Everyone is accepting now,
that this is an irreversible direction.
Still drivers, probably the best,
they drive better than an automaton,
but the majority of such drivers, I am among them,
you would probably be happy, it would feel safer,
if the machine took over.
Undoubtedly in 10 years
it will not be like this anymore
that the machine is better than the average driver,
Only the best driver will not be able to compete with it.
The driver learns the first ten thousand kilometers,
how it looks in this car.
Another hundred thousand to feel confident,
another hundred or one million to drive very well.
Machines will be able to
on the basis of hundreds of thousands of vehicles around the world,
teach this science much faster.
Draw conclusions.
As a result, it will be difficult to compete with them.
Is it bad or good?
In my opinion, good.
Safer roads, fewer accidents.
Does it mean perfectly?
Probably not.
But ideally it is not right now.
People make mistakes,
machines will also make mistakes, but much less often.
Another example.
Our houses and flats.
What more electronics, more and more software.
This classic example of a refrigerator,
which alone orders food in a supermarket.
But of course there is more.
The issue of energy at home, energy efficiency.
Many systems that are supported at the moment,
where the cell becomes a universal remote control
to everything we have in homes.
Again, the direction is probably unstoppable,
which will make life in these apartments
it will look different, it will be more comfortable.
To sum it up,
I believe that the future is like this,
that at the end of a light is waiting for us,
that it will be better.
Technology will help with this
and thanks to technology,
if we accept certain risks,
we will try to fight them,
we will live in a world where it is easier to live,
safer and healthier.
Thank you very much.
(Bravo)
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