today I’m going to like talk about talking last year in my elective class
talking last year in my elective class
talking last year in my elective class we were like told that we were going to
we were like told that we were going to
we were like told that we were going to have like this big linguistics project
have like this big linguistics project
have like this big linguistics project since I didn’t really know anything
since I didn’t really know anything
since I didn’t really know anything about linguistics apart from its like
about linguistics apart from its like
about linguistics apart from its like how we speak and my mom is like always
how we speak and my mom is like always
how we speak and my mom is like always going on and on about how I used like
going on and on about how I used like
going on and on about how I used like too much I thought that it would be like
too much I thought that it would be like
too much I thought that it would be like the perfect time to like look into it
the perfect time to like look into it
the perfect time to like look into it more my project was centered on looking
more my project was centered on looking
more my project was centered on looking at the use of like as a filler word in
at the use of like as a filler word in
at the use of like as a filler word in regards to gender age and education and
regards to gender age and education and
regards to gender age and education and my results can help me argue that just
my results can help me argue that just
my results can help me argue that just as I have used like several times since
as I have used like several times since
as I have used like several times since starting my talk there is no link
starting my talk there is no link
starting my talk there is no link between an increased use of like and a
between an increased use of like and a
between an increased use of like and a lower level of education the word like
lower level of education the word like
lower level of education the word like is not new and it has a surprisingly
is not new and it has a surprisingly
is not new and it has a surprisingly large number of usages in language
large number of usages in language
large number of usages in language however for this project I investigated
however for this project I investigated
however for this project I investigated its use as a filler word for example I
its use as a filler word for example I
its use as a filler word for example I am like so nervous right now in today’s
am like so nervous right now in today’s
am like so nervous right now in today’s society like has become often associated
society like has become often associated
society like has become often associated with young girls who are thought of as
with young girls who are thought of as
with young girls who are thought of as less educated as a young girl myself who
less educated as a young girl myself who
less educated as a young girl myself who happens to use like but also happens not
happens to use like but also happens not
happens to use like but also happens not to be uneducated I find the stereotype
to be uneducated I find the stereotype
to be uneducated I find the stereotype offensive and false and so like the
offensive and false and so like the
offensive and false and so like the stubborn teenager that I truly am I
stubborn teenager that I truly am I
stubborn teenager that I truly am I decided to try and prove it wrong at
decided to try and prove it wrong at
decided to try and prove it wrong at first I had absolutely no clue how to
first I had absolutely no clue how to
first I had absolutely no clue how to quantifiably make a generalization for
quantifiably make a generalization for
quantifiably make a generalization for such a broad topic but then one of my
such a broad topic but then one of my
such a broad topic but then one of my teachers thank you mister bohot
teachers thank you mister bohot
teachers thank you mister bohot introduced me to corpus linguistics
introduced me to corpus linguistics
introduced me to corpus linguistics corpus is Latin for body and in
corpus is Latin for body and in
corpus is Latin for body and in linguistics a corpus is basically a
linguistics a corpus is basically a
linguistics a corpus is basically a bunch of texts stored in an electronic
bunch of texts stored in an electronic
bunch of texts stored in an electronic database corpus linguistics allowed me
database corpus linguistics allowed me
database corpus linguistics allowed me to explore and investigate a vast body
to explore and investigate a vast body
to explore and investigate a vast body of data with technology therefore making
of data with technology therefore making
of data with technology therefore making it more efficient and less subject
it more efficient and less subject
it more efficient and less subject the corpus that I used for this
the corpus that I used for this
the corpus that I used for this investigation was the Santa Barbara
investigation was the Santa Barbara
investigation was the Santa Barbara corpus of spoken American English which
corpus of spoken American English which
corpus of spoken American English which is made up of 240 thousand words now if
is made up of 240 thousand words now if
is made up of 240 thousand words now if you’re interested in the full details of
you’re interested in the full details of
you’re interested in the full details of my methodology see me after the talk for
my methodology see me after the talk for
my methodology see me after the talk for a few hours and perhaps I could begin to
a few hours and perhaps I could begin to
a few hours and perhaps I could begin to explain but in short I essentially
explain but in short I essentially
explain but in short I essentially searched the whole corpus to find each
searched the whole corpus to find each
searched the whole corpus to find each time that like was used as a filler word
time that like was used as a filler word
time that like was used as a filler word then with that information found whether
then with that information found whether
then with that information found whether females or males you spent more which
females or males you spent more which
females or males you spent more which age group used it the most and whether
age group used it the most and whether
age group used it the most and whether it had any correlation with a higher or
it had any correlation with a higher or
it had any correlation with a higher or lower level of education for this
lower level of education for this
lower level of education for this investigation I decided to categorize
investigation I decided to categorize
investigation I decided to categorize like as a filler word if it wasn’t being
like as a filler word if it wasn’t being
like as a filler word if it wasn’t being used as a comparison or verb expressing
used as a comparison or verb expressing
used as a comparison or verb expressing emotion after going through all of my
emotion after going through all of my
emotion after going through all of my data I found that females used like more
data I found that females used like more
data I found that females used like more than twice the amount that males did
than twice the amount that males did
than twice the amount that males did which seems to confirm the stereotype
which seems to confirm the stereotype
which seems to confirm the stereotype that females use it more however if we
that females use it more however if we
that females use it more however if we take into account the total number of
take into account the total number of
take into account the total number of words said by the respective genders as
words said by the respective genders as
words said by the respective genders as well we find that the difference is not
well we find that the difference is not
well we find that the difference is not that large when I divided the female or
that large when I divided the female or
that large when I divided the female or male use of like by the overall number
male use of like by the overall number
male use of like by the overall number of words said by each gender I found the
of words said by each gender I found the
of words said by each gender I found the relative frequency which for females was
relative frequency which for females was
relative frequency which for females was 0.56 two per thousand words and for
0.56 two per thousand words and for
0.56 two per thousand words and for males 0.48
males 0.48
males 0.48 per thousand words so whilst females do
per thousand words so whilst females do
per thousand words so whilst females do use like more than males the difference
use like more than males the difference
use like more than males the difference is not that large but even when I knew
is not that large but even when I knew
is not that large but even when I knew that the stereotype that only females
that the stereotype that only females
that the stereotype that only females use like wasn’t true I still had some
use like wasn’t true I still had some
use like wasn’t true I still had some questions why is it considered so bad as
questions why is it considered so bad as
questions why is it considered so bad as a female to use like as a filler word
a female to use like as a filler word
a female to use like as a filler word well it’s no secret that women face a
well it’s no secret that women face a
well it’s no secret that women face a somewhat greater prejudice in life in
somewhat greater prejudice in life in
somewhat greater prejudice in life in general and since women have a harder
general and since women have a harder
general and since women have a harder time being taken seriously especially
time being taken seriously especially
time being taken seriously especially concerning intellectuality maybe the
concerning intellectuality maybe the
concerning intellectuality maybe the dislike of like is that older women
dislike of like is that older women
dislike of like is that older women don’t want younger girls to have even
don’t want younger girls to have even
don’t want younger girls to have even more prejudice stacked up against them
more prejudice stacked up against them
more prejudice stacked up against them this concept however lies outside the
this concept however lies outside the
this concept however lies outside the scope of my investigation and would be
scope of my investigation and would be
scope of my investigation and would be an interesting topic for social
an interesting topic for social
an interesting topic for social linguistic study that is the study of
linguistic study that is the study of
linguistic study that is the study of language in relation to its social
language in relation to its social
language in relation to its social factors because whilst using like might
factors because whilst using like might
factors because whilst using like might not actually mean that you’re uneducated
not actually mean that you’re uneducated
not actually mean that you’re uneducated it could still give off that perception
it could still give off that perception
it could still give off that perception the next stereotype that I decided to
the next stereotype that I decided to
the next stereotype that I decided to tackle was the correlation or the
tackle was the correlation or the
tackle was the correlation or the relationship between age and like I
relationship between age and like I
relationship between age and like I divided all of the speakers into 6 age
divided all of the speakers into 6 age
divided all of the speakers into 6 age groups after which I found that the
groups after which I found that the
groups after which I found that the early twenties group used like by far
early twenties group used like by far
early twenties group used like by far the most with an absolute frequency
the most with an absolute frequency
the most with an absolute frequency nearly 7 times greater than some of the
nearly 7 times greater than some of the
nearly 7 times greater than some of the older age groups this seems to confirm
older age groups this seems to confirm
older age groups this seems to confirm the stereotype that it’s mostly the
the stereotype that it’s mostly the
the stereotype that it’s mostly the younger generations who used like but as
younger generations who used like but as
younger generations who used like but as I said before like is not the first
I said before like is not the first
I said before like is not the first filler word nor has it just recently
filler word nor has it just recently
filler word nor has it just recently made an appearance non-traditional
made an appearance non-traditional
made an appearance non-traditional non-traditional usage of the language
non-traditional usage of the language
non-traditional usage of the language can be traced back to the early 1900s
can be traced back to the early 1900s
can be traced back to the early 1900s the stigma that surrounds like and that
the stigma that surrounds like and that
the stigma that surrounds like and that makes the use of it so found upon by
makes the use of it so found upon by
makes the use of it so found upon by older generations probably stems from
older generations probably stems from
older generations probably stems from the fact that it’s mostly adolescents
the fact that it’s mostly adolescents
the fact that it’s mostly adolescents who use it in speech and since it’s not
who use it in speech and since it’s not
who use it in speech and since it’s not a filler word that can be commonly found
a filler word that can be commonly found
a filler word that can be commonly found across the masses it’s become a trait
across the masses it’s become a trait
across the masses it’s become a trait singular to younger generations it gives
singular to younger generations it gives
singular to younger generations it gives off the perception that we aren’t
off the perception that we aren’t
off the perception that we aren’t speaking proper English another
speaking proper English another
speaking proper English another difference between like and um or uh
difference between like and um or uh
difference between like and um or uh other filler words is that like has also
other filler words is that like has also
other filler words is that like has also begun replacing verbs such as said when
begun replacing verbs such as said when
begun replacing verbs such as said when a speaker is relaying a past
a speaker is relaying a past
a speaker is relaying a past conversation now I do this all the time
conversation now I do this all the time
conversation now I do this all the time so for example instead of saying she
so for example instead of saying she
so for example instead of saying she said it’s great to be here people are
said it’s great to be here people are
said it’s great to be here people are saying younger generations are now
saying younger generations are now
saying younger generations are now saying she was like it’s great to be
saying she was like it’s great to be
saying she was like it’s great to be here on one hand this is grammatically
here on one hand this is grammatically
here on one hand this is grammatically incorrect and it’s also an incorrect use
incorrect and it’s also an incorrect use
incorrect and it’s also an incorrect use of a filler word but it allows the
of a filler word but it allows the
of a filler word but it allows the speaker to reenact the scene and make
speaker to reenact the scene and make
speaker to reenact the scene and make the conversation more interesting and
the conversation more interesting and
the conversation more interesting and interactive for the listener
interactive for the listener
interactive for the listener but does this all means that people who
but does this all means that people who
but does this all means that people who use like are uneducated the answer is no
use like are uneducated the answer is no
use like are uneducated the answer is no according to my research there is no
according to my research there is no
according to my research there is no link between an increased use of like
link between an increased use of like
link between an increased use of like and a lower level of education this is
and a lower level of education this is
and a lower level of education this is because my data showed that the early
because my data showed that the early
because my data showed that the early twenties group also had the highest
twenties group also had the highest
twenties group also had the highest level of education and if they had the
level of education and if they had the
level of education and if they had the highest level of education and the
highest level of education and the
highest level of education and the highest least of like then this
highest least of like then this
highest least of like then this investigation seems to disprove the
investigation seems to disprove the
investigation seems to disprove the stereotype that only uneducated
stereotype that only uneducated
stereotype that only uneducated superficial young people use like now
superficial young people use like now
superficial young people use like now let’s take a step back and look away all
let’s take a step back and look away all
let’s take a step back and look away all of this actually matters well because of
of this actually matters well because of
of this actually matters well because of the negative perception that like it
the negative perception that like it
the negative perception that like it gives off people are being belittled for
gives off people are being belittled for
gives off people are being belittled for using it something that I personally
using it something that I personally
using it something that I personally experienced almost every day it affects
experienced almost every day it affects
experienced almost every day it affects their image and could even restrict
their image and could even restrict
their image and could even restrict their opportunities simply because
their opportunities simply because
their opportunities simply because someone else misjudged them due to a
someone else misjudged them due to a
someone else misjudged them due to a stereotype having a variety of ways to
stereotype having a variety of ways to
stereotype having a variety of ways to speak and to know when to use them
speak and to know when to use them
speak and to know when to use them requires intelligence and awareness
requires intelligence and awareness
requires intelligence and awareness because we’re choosing our voices
because we’re choosing our voices
because we’re choosing our voices situationally obviously an inappropriate
situationally obviously an inappropriate
situationally obviously an inappropriate use of like is unhealthy and bad for
use of like is unhealthy and bad for
use of like is unhealthy and bad for someone’s speech so it should be
someone’s speech so it should be
someone’s speech so it should be corrected but that goes to say for an
corrected but that goes to say for an
corrected but that goes to say for an excessive or inappropriate use of
excessive or inappropriate use of
excessive or inappropriate use of anything using like doesn’t have to be
anything using like doesn’t have to be
anything using like doesn’t have to be demeaning it can be empowering seeing as
demeaning it can be empowering seeing as
demeaning it can be empowering seeing as it gives us yet another voice to use
it gives us yet another voice to use
it gives us yet another voice to use corpus linguistics not only showed me a
corpus linguistics not only showed me a
corpus linguistics not only showed me a powerful way of researching this debated
powerful way of researching this debated
powerful way of researching this debated work but it also gave me a strong
work but it also gave me a strong
work but it also gave me a strong foundation on challenging the concerns
foundation on challenging the concerns
foundation on challenging the concerns of others so please next time that I or
of others so please next time that I or
of others so please next time that I or any other young person whether they’re
any other young person whether they’re
any other young person whether they’re female or male uses like let’s avoid
female or male uses like let’s avoid
female or male uses like let’s avoid making any preconceived judgments about
making any preconceived judgments about
making any preconceived judgments about their level of education because like
their level of education because like
their level of education because like now you know better
”
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