good afternoon guys very loud
[Music]
I decided to leave the medicine to do
physics 2010 medicine will lose one
great even
I thought I did not think
doctor who lives in the world of the
cosmos
then it is a great decision to make
medicine
we decided to study physics
cosmology adaptation of the universe and
I am here today a great pleasure to be
with you all
I would like to invite you to
invitation for a trip a trip that
You’ve never taken a virtual trip.
a trip to the universe
We’re going today to more places.
distant and maybe a destination more place
far as you can imagine
our first exit station goes
be our land our home
our suffering earth our planet
then passing through the solar system
and when I first saw this
planet Saturn and its rings and was
so enchanted a wonder a work of
unprecedented art cosmic art
fantastic
we leave the solar system the land there
half by the sun
Let’s go to our galaxy.
this wonder that has 400 billion
stars is our place in the cosmos
we are a little bit years ago
away from the center of the galaxy
maybe here more or less at this point and
in the center exactly of this galaxy has
something that scientists have discovered
recently very strange
a black hole a black hole is a
cosmic monster that swallows everything
demands, including in the light of the
and so has that name black hole to
people can not see why the light he
that we would be able to reflect to
we
completely dark in installing the
center of our Milky Way and our
today can explain why
there may be something as
strange like that in our universe
Our galaxy is on this slide.
on that dot to the law
the Milky Way and what is around
of it is an agglomeration one planned
of other galaxies close to
next to all our galaxies
neighbor in andromeda is from here galaxy
It’s very beautiful, similar to ours.
in the neighborhoods of these two we have
several other galaxies is our
the universe has billions of
crowded our trip just started
We’re going to go a little bit further to
front and we are going very far ahead
far and this is the photograph in the region
farther that exists in the universe
visible universe the history of this
way is very interesting
astronomers one day decided to focus
a completely dark area of the cosmos
It was black and there was nothing there.
they decided to aim the telescope
hubble
this galaxy to this region that does not
had apparently nothing to look forward to during
11 days to light if you photograph it arrives and
alcohol when you finally get
look at the result find this
photography
then it is the most distant
our level is good let’s make a
three-dimensional trip
here is this photo we will enter
inside
this has always been possible thanks to the
our very high technology
This movie was made by NASA using
hubble telescope
here is the initial photograph we
let’s enter three dimensions inside
of this photo
we are going increasingly to the limits
the universe far more away
we are going through several
galaxies, each point of itself is a
galaxy
we are going to the borders of our
our universe our new cosmos
super speed that cosmo that
is also expanding with expanding
which is something very difficult to explain
Why do we ask how the
universe can expand how the
space can be planned
the answer is very simple the universe
expands because all the galaxies in the
universe are moving away from one another.
others
all of them how to make a
representation of this idea is
make a model fast see us as
and that would be it
the model I’m going to present for
We here we have something here
of a little balloon that is inflating the
first balloon it would represent the
universe right now and there are the
galaxies
as time goes by this
balloon is growing and the galaxies that
would these deviations these insects
inside begin to move away one of the
others
that’s what means more or less
idea that the universe is
expanding
[Music]
but here we are asking is yes
this expansion really exists if the
universe is expanding
so if we go back in time
we were past
we will have instead of expanding to
contraction universe is contracting and
we started taking a trip back in time
past in the universe goes increasingly
contracting contracting time will arrive a
instant a finite time that time is
of the order of 13 billion years more
or less at that time then the universe
becomes a point when the universe
becomes a point
completely disappears all that
we understand how your space as
being time the whole matter concentrated
at one point
the temperature if the density is infinite
of mass of matter and infinite
then we have the mathematicians
the call of a singularity
or me well but we think how it is
space may disappear is that the
space can become a point as it is that
time may cease to exist
we ask what time it was obvious
before the time starts to exist these
questions all very questions
It’s difficult for us to respond.
there are several possible explanations
and we’ll try to see a later
little how could we
address this problem in the
60 in 1960 and 1970
stephen hawking when he was a student in oxy
a lecture by professor roger has
bronze
and in this talk he was very
puzzled with the ideas that the
staff was introducing him and
together but to work and
developed from the context a theory to
Latin theorem general theory the theorem east
theorem was made such am i in the middle
Scientific had caused a great
great repercussion extreme next day
if the theory of general relativity travels
this is correct
then this singularity like this
initial moment of the universe is
inevitable there is no escape
we had then the beginning of time
of space where all matter was
concentrate and this initial phase of
universe was precisely the phase in which
formation took place the first
atoms in hydrogen atoms or the act
l milk of the light elements
chemistry were formed precisely in this
phase level
already the heavy elements throughout the
very beautiful story that was formed
inside the stars the elements
which form the life was formed wool within
of stars in star bursts
supernovae was spread throughout the
universe then we our bodies the acts
elements of our body and the stars
It ‘s very beautiful, that’s fine
but this question of having existed
initial momentum without disturbing the
community of physicists how
could happen this is good for
explain the dynamics of the universe
this movement of the universe the expansion
all this
the theory that has to be used is
theory of general relativity of einstein
which was formulated in 1915
so this is a theory
she is actually considered by the
physicists as perhaps the most beautiful theory
that we have because she got a
remarkable fact that was to connect the geometry
explain the gravitational force there is
theory of gravitation that we
believe in Newton’s theory
for example we have in school because
well this gravitational force it leaves
to be a force and becomes a
geometry is a curved geometry then
with the idea that the strength of
geometry gravitation for example is
very interesting to look at what
is exactly why a planet
entered orbit around twitter
for example what the land is in
orbit around the sun
do we learn first in
school is because there is a
gravitational force that is the time
all attracting the earth to the sun
the theory of general relativity offers
another idea this is not true is
exactly how the sun creates in order to
space a space time and until then
follows a line is the simplest line
possible in this geometry this line
ends up being an orbit like that with
people are seeing here then this idea
very elegant theory of relativity
reduce physical to physical
one to one geometry
well then on the other side the people
You know that to explain the universe to us
have to see how the galaxies
how the celestial bodies interact
between each other how does one notice the presence
the other and the gravitational attractive
force that really dominates the universe
time but the gravitation and geometry
then it is the geometry that is
behind all this in this geometry
explain why the
expanding universe expanding
fast
it was sunday second
how was this very early stage
in which the chemical elements
They were also formed by first
more
and how does this issue of the first
beginning of the initial stage of
well here we have good uniqueness
a graphical representation not
pictorial representation and how it would
this universe story
that little speck that’s here
that would mean that big ben.
beginning of everything
already this red phase corresponds
precisely at the moment when the
extremely high temperature
high and that the
first chemical elements
then the universe continues in its
expansion and this form of teaching
It is precisely this expansion
people notice that immediately after the
big ben
a remarkable expansion precisely in this
here is very fast and this is
very fast expansion called
inflation
then the universe expands – and we
we end up staying here more or
less is where we are and then we have
this extremely rapid expansion
which is precisely the expansion of
do we observe today how
explain this
how to explain this initial phase by
example how to explain it accelerates this
accelerated expansion
there are several models
physics is a science in which the
theories are never definitive
it is definitive truth in physics there are
provisional truths penalties
she’s worth while she’s not answered
by some observation for 1 to 1
the experimental challenge
observational then the ordinary physicists
as scientists this is very
Strange people are very strange is
You must know this once.
I remember when I graduated in physics and
I was a bit embarrassed because
someone asked until you do
it’s physical and made it interesting to you
does not sound crazy you do not look like
not look much like we have some
Strange then strangers because
because every time a physicist
community launches a new model of
universe or physics with it are
logo crazy prá with him to get
show that there is a defect that
theory and that is why fifa
because your wrong model is
We have to deal with the other model.
fix the model and so we go
forward
then there are several models for
theories to explain the universe to
explaining for example the initial phase
accelerated expansion, it is true that
there are those that are more accepted
by the community for example there is the
time will get a bit in the jargon
Technician on the key use a term field
inflame the influx
physical technicians means that it is
a field that makes this universe
give spam very quickly and causes
there is the initial expansion of the initial phase
of the universe is caused by it
we do not know where this offender comes from
we do not know this scalar field of
Where do the children do not know what is
good is a dark energy but the
Dark energy is the one we do not
we see exactly dark because we do not
we see another kalla campus they will
scalar field but where does this
campus to silence these inquiries all
still today are delegations are in
open no one knows yet to respond and
there are several of them and we then
Let’s enter a little bit into our
research work that we
we developed our group here in
university
we went to get
inspiration in the ideas of einstein
We have people who thought that
geometry was capoeira explain everything
We’ll get a scalar field
of a geometry we have found
herman houston famous mathematician
20th century discovered and pine cones
invented a scalar geometry we
we study to submit to climb and
we could explain maybe
this initial phase
this initial inflation of the universe
could explain this expansion
accelerated using today would have me that
something much more natural and
space time manager and keep on
to gravitation
we do not get a power
to explain this fact and perhaps
think you liked this idea because
not very well then this question does not
It would be the campus shut and hissed this
this sought after energy is this
So it ‘s our proposal and we
we are advancing advanced
enough in this
of course there is another question
for example, that of regularity
then this beginning of time would be
caused by the scalar field would be caused
by geometry
we believe that yes we are
involving at the moment a very
interesting we are getting good
results to show that in fact this
campus carla would also be in the
of our universe
but this is an effect that goes into the
quantum physics field does not
properly cosmology cosmology
a little more quantum will have a
talk that will speak a little bit and
quantum physics for you I stand by
here thank you very much for the attention
[Applause]
”
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