see one do one teach one this expressions been the foundation of
expressions been the foundation of
expressions been the foundation of surgical training for over a century but
surgical training for over a century but
surgical training for over a century but unfortunately it’s no longer working our
unfortunately it’s no longer working our
unfortunately it’s no longer working our system of training is an apprenticeship
system of training is an apprenticeship
system of training is an apprenticeship method you spend your five to nine years
method you spend your five to nine years
method you spend your five to nine years post medical schools following other
post medical schools following other
post medical schools following other experienced surgeons around observing
experienced surgeons around observing
experienced surgeons around observing them learning to do what they do this
them learning to do what they do this
them learning to do what they do this worked for a time especially when the
worked for a time especially when the
worked for a time especially when the number of procedures we needed to learn
number of procedures we needed to learn
number of procedures we needed to learn was very small residents had a lot of
was very small residents had a lot of
was very small residents had a lot of hands-on time with patients and they had
hands-on time with patients and they had
hands-on time with patients and they had a significant amount of autonomy today
a significant amount of autonomy today
a significant amount of autonomy today the world has changed
the world has changed
the world has changed residents have an enormous number of
residents have an enormous number of
residents have an enormous number of procedures they need to learn and those
procedures they need to learn and those
procedures they need to learn and those procedures are now more complicated
procedures are now more complicated
procedures are now more complicated thanks to new technologies like robotics
thanks to new technologies like robotics
thanks to new technologies like robotics 3d printing and navigation to give you
3d printing and navigation to give you
3d printing and navigation to give you an example one study questioned the
an example one study questioned the
an example one study questioned the leaders of surgery across the country
leaders of surgery across the country
leaders of surgery across the country and asked them what are the critical
and asked them what are the critical
and asked them what are the critical procedures that residents need to learn
procedures that residents need to learn
procedures that residents need to learn they identified 171 surgeries that
they identified 171 surgeries that
they identified 171 surgeries that residents should know how to do by the
residents should know how to do by the
residents should know how to do by the time they leave residency and go into
time they leave residency and go into
time they leave residency and go into independent practice but when they
independent practice but when they
independent practice but when they actually looked at the surgeries that
actually looked at the surgeries that
actually looked at the surgeries that those residents did by the time that
those residents did by the time that
those residents did by the time that they graduated they found that many of
they graduated they found that many of
they graduated they found that many of the procedures they had done once twice
the procedures they had done once twice
the procedures they had done once twice or 0 times
or 0 times
or 0 times additionally the time residents have to
additionally the time residents have to
additionally the time residents have to operate is becoming less work hour
operate is becoming less work hour
operate is becoming less work hour restrictions have limited residents to
restrictions have limited residents to
restrictions have limited residents to only 80 hours of work a week all right
only 80 hours of work a week all right
only 80 hours of work a week all right they’re so lazy but amazingly they’ve
they’re so lazy but amazingly they’ve
they’re so lazy but amazingly they’ve lost a year of training time that they
lost a year of training time that they
lost a year of training time that they previously had workflow changes like
previously had workflow changes like
previously had workflow changes like electronic medical record systems have
electronic medical record systems have
electronic medical record systems have residents in front of a computer for
residents in front of a computer for
residents in front of a computer for almost 50 percent of their time instead
almost 50 percent of their time instead
almost 50 percent of their time instead of in front of a patient finally culture
of in front of a patient finally culture
of in front of a patient finally culture is changing people are more aware of
is changing people are more aware of
is changing people are more aware of what residents do and don’t want them
what residents do and don’t want them
what residents do and don’t want them touching them so residents have less
touching them so residents have less
touching them so residents have less autonomy and less hands-on time
autonomy and less hands-on time
autonomy and less hands-on time sometimes there’s a situation where you
sometimes there’s a situation where you
sometimes there’s a situation where you see something you’ve never seen before
see something you’ve never seen before
see something you’ve never seen before so it’s not even see one do one it’s
so it’s not even see one do one it’s
so it’s not even see one do one it’s just do one like this time where we
just do one like this time where we
just do one like this time where we received a call from the zoo and there
received a call from the zoo and there
received a call from the zoo and there was a gorilla that was injured and
was a gorilla that was injured and
was a gorilla that was injured and needed surgery now you may be wondering
needed surgery now you may be wondering
needed surgery now you may be wondering why was the zoo calling a team of very
why was the zoo calling a team of very
why was the zoo calling a team of very human surgeons who take care of people
human surgeons who take care of people
human surgeons who take care of people to operate on the gorilla and that’s a
to operate on the gorilla and that’s a
to operate on the gorilla and that’s a story for another time but we jumped to
story for another time but we jumped to
story for another time but we jumped to answer the call now the zoo couldn’t
answer the call now the zoo couldn’t
answer the call now the zoo couldn’t tell us what was wrong with the gorillas
tell us what was wrong with the gorillas
tell us what was wrong with the gorillas because they had to tranquilize it take
because they had to tranquilize it take
because they had to tranquilize it take it to x-ray and then immediately to the
it to x-ray and then immediately to the
it to x-ray and then immediately to the operating room so we were walking into
operating room so we were walking into
operating room so we were walking into the operating room in the zoo with no
the operating room in the zoo with no
the operating room in the zoo with no clue what to expect amazingly the
clue what to expect amazingly the
clue what to expect amazingly the gorillas did great it was a really
gorillas did great it was a really
gorillas did great it was a really wonderful experience but I had to think
wonderful experience but I had to think
wonderful experience but I had to think there had to be a better way to practice
there had to be a better way to practice
there had to be a better way to practice just in time for those cases when a
just in time for those cases when a
just in time for those cases when a gorilla comes in through the door so how
gorilla comes in through the door so how
gorilla comes in through the door so how are we doing today
are we doing today
are we doing today a study from brian george answered that
a study from brian george answered that
a study from brian george answered that question they looked at residents
question they looked at residents
question they looked at residents ability to practice independently
ability to practice independently
ability to practice independently overall five years of their training the
overall five years of their training the
overall five years of their training the results may shock you at the end of
results may shock you at the end of
results may shock you at the end of their training thirty point seven
their training thirty point seven
their training thirty point seven percent of residents were still unable
percent of residents were still unable
percent of residents were still unable to operate independently I’ve seen the
to operate independently I’ve seen the
to operate independently I’ve seen the surgical training gap firsthand during
surgical training gap firsthand during
surgical training gap firsthand during my own surgical residency believe it or
my own surgical residency believe it or
my own surgical residency believe it or not I often was asked to google the
not I often was asked to google the
not I often was asked to google the surgery we were doing to find the
surgery we were doing to find the
surgery we were doing to find the instruction manual
the blistering pace of new technology
the blistering pace of new technology and procedures aren’t just affecting
and procedures aren’t just affecting
and procedures aren’t just affecting residents anymore they’re affecting
residents anymore they’re affecting
residents anymore they’re affecting surgeons out in practice it is not
surgeons out in practice it is not
surgeons out in practice it is not uncommon to see a site like this in the
uncommon to see a site like this in the
uncommon to see a site like this in the operating room where surgeons are
operating room where surgeons are
operating room where surgeons are operating on a patient with instructions
operating on a patient with instructions
operating on a patient with instructions folded out on them as they work at the
folded out on them as they work at the
folded out on them as they work at the conclusion of his paper Brian Jordan
conclusion of his paper Brian Jordan
conclusion of his paper Brian Jordan that the residency system that we know
that the residency system that we know
that the residency system that we know it today no longer works to make matters
it today no longer works to make matters
it today no longer works to make matters worse sorry to be so negative
worse sorry to be so negative
worse sorry to be so negative who gets better is that we have an aging
who gets better is that we have an aging
who gets better is that we have an aging population and they’re gonna need more
population and they’re gonna need more
population and they’re gonna need more and more surgery we have a surgeon
and more surgery we have a surgeon
and more surgery we have a surgeon shortage coming and we’re gonna be short
shortage coming and we’re gonna be short
shortage coming and we’re gonna be short 50,000 surgeons in just a few decades so
50,000 surgeons in just a few decades so
50,000 surgeons in just a few decades so what do we do what if I told you there
what do we do what if I told you there
what do we do what if I told you there was a technology that allows you to
was a technology that allows you to
was a technology that allows you to practice a procedure anytime and
practice a procedure anytime and
practice a procedure anytime and anywhere in a safe repeatable way well
anywhere in a safe repeatable way well
anywhere in a safe repeatable way well there is that technology is virtual
there is that technology is virtual
there is that technology is virtual reality or VR let’s take a look
reality or VR let’s take a look
reality or VR let’s take a look [Music]
now remember VR did not start as a toy
now remember VR did not start as a toy it started as a serious scientific tool
it started as a serious scientific tool
it started as a serious scientific tool for NASA today no aircraft pilot can
for NASA today no aircraft pilot can
for NASA today no aircraft pilot can operate a commercial jet without first
operate a commercial jet without first
operate a commercial jet without first learning their skills in a simulator and
learning their skills in a simulator and
learning their skills in a simulator and passing a battery of tests in aviation
passing a battery of tests in aviation
passing a battery of tests in aviation when it’s life or death simulators are
when it’s life or death simulators are
when it’s life or death simulators are not tomorrow’s luxury they are today’s
not tomorrow’s luxury they are today’s
not tomorrow’s luxury they are today’s necessity so why should it be any
necessity so why should it be any
necessity so why should it be any different in the medical world in a
different in the medical world in a
different in the medical world in a future with VR simulation we can bridge
future with VR simulation we can bridge
future with VR simulation we can bridge the training gap so our graduating
the training gap so our graduating
the training gap so our graduating residents are ready to practice
residents are ready to practice
residents are ready to practice independently in a future with VR
independently in a future with VR
independently in a future with VR simulation we could train more surgeons
simulation we could train more surgeons
simulation we could train more surgeons faster so we can tackle the oncoming
faster so we can tackle the oncoming
faster so we can tackle the oncoming surgeon shortage in a future with VR
surgeon shortage in a future with VR
surgeon shortage in a future with VR simulation surgeons would only do
simulation surgeons would only do
simulation surgeons would only do procedures that it was safe for them to
procedures that it was safe for them to
procedures that it was safe for them to do so they wouldn’t be googling the
do so they wouldn’t be googling the
do so they wouldn’t be googling the operation during the procedure we’ve
operation during the procedure we’ve
operation during the procedure we’ve already made big steps in this brave new
already made big steps in this brave new
already made big steps in this brave new reality in a pilot study we took a group
reality in a pilot study we took a group
reality in a pilot study we took a group of students and train them in VR we then
of students and train them in VR we then
of students and train them in VR we then took them and tested them on the real
took them and tested them on the real
took them and tested them on the real surgical procedure and we were surprised
surgical procedure and we were surprised
surgical procedure and we were surprised with the results the VR trained group
with the results the VR trained group
with the results the VR trained group nearly doubled the surgical performance
nearly doubled the surgical performance
nearly doubled the surgical performance scores of non VR trained individuals VR
scores of non VR trained individuals VR
scores of non VR trained individuals VR surgical training is scalable affordable
surgical training is scalable affordable
surgical training is scalable affordable and most importantly it works with this
and most importantly it works with this
and most importantly it works with this technology the next generation of
technology the next generation of
technology the next generation of surgeons will be ready for whatever
surgeons will be ready for whatever
surgeons will be ready for whatever comes through the door
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