also my idea today is to discuss
with you
some day-to-day aspects of each
but I’d start by saying the following is all
world sitting comfortably in your
chair in the same person who does not
this is your defense system and I
I wanted to get into this side of the
life of each and address some things
that we can learn from it and from
how can we take this
knowledge to try to help
alleviate the suffering of the people
Medicine, it’s for a lot of people.
Believe that we work to heal.
we actually work to relieve
suffering as our main goal
if it should look okay but that’s how it is
that we work
our defense system he works
various forms from the skin that
protects even the most
complicated that we create all the
days to combat microorganisms that
says passage some say not twins
I do not enter my body but he is
entering every moment no one eats
corn cake without paying a price per
this is because these components of your
pastel lead bacteria lead others
agents carry substances that can be
toxic but the body can be
defend with various forms and lines of
defense
we like to talk about lines of
defense is by dividing
arms the first arm and we
innate immunity which is what
You’re born with him, this is my zoe.
nephew and I took this picture week
he was very small and he
has not yet been able to develop
protection mechanisms and to develop
defenses against several of the twins who
we all have inside but with the
the years pass by appearing
opportunities where we find
certain microorganisms
most of them do not cause problems in
Homs cause some problems
serious health
we build what we call
adaptive immunity so we will go
to change
and learning to deal with it is with
this kind of strategy that people
studies the natural infections here one
example of a little child who
unfortunately we rarely see today
up with measles and it is using
knowledge of a natural infection
to create infections between quotation marks
lies are ways to imitate a
natural infection in production for example
of a vaccine
if we had the vaccine
measles more than 13 million children
they would be dying every year in the world
thanks to this great advance, people
can even extend the lives of
people
to be longer and who recognizes that
vaccinations and all knowledge
derived from them today is probably a
of the discoveries of medicine and science
most impacted on the health of
people
but let’s go back to that division of
innate immunity
You’re born with her here, Ze’s again.
and the adaptive immunity that we
creating over time
I wanted to use a little graphic
complicated that shows some of the steps
in a didactic way of what happens after
that we come into contact with a
Germ there are several steps that depend
of this immunity that we are already born
ready with her and a few others that we
let’s create and change over the
time
educating our cells in the
protect
we are creating substances that
protect against which these substances
one of them called an antibody that is
fundamental to defend against various
genes are a compound is
a molecule that has several atoms and
distributes more or less this way
first discovered the pow him who is a
former German player made this description
still in the 19th century
this structure in the form of a bottle
has the ability to stick
on the surface
hermes who are trying to attack us and
it has this structure in the form of
bottle with a portion here on the
two fork tips being portions
variables that you are mounting and
creating every day and every meeting
with gmail to make it fit for
to attack this new microorganism that
is fighting we are all
producing the more we go
advancing in age we begin to have
Only those antibodies that can
combat measles
we found in our vaccination in the
last year but a flu that people
picked up for example last week
thanks to these mechanisms we
we also managed to protect ourselves
the discovery of these antibodies and the
their use in medicine were
motif in the first Nobel Prize for
medicine and physiology awarded in 1901
this German doctor emil wober in that
could make a serum that was very
rich in antibodies against different
this knowledge paved the way for
a great era within various medicine
Nobel Prizes to date have been awarded
for people who contributed to this
knowledge
some of them including that provided
more efficient ways to discover
antibodies and in the use and
medicine
I am going now from an example that is
very contemporary
everyone has heard of the epidemic
and knows very well the problems that
she caused
here in Brazil from 2015
especially we also know that
a mosquito that has this virus and
transmitted to a person may cause
an illness that is commonplace in most
sometimes a little fever
sometimes a little redness
by the body and after 45 days the person
It’s good again but the problem is that
some of these people get the virus
when are two women
pregnant women
an immature child and this virus
has the ability not only to distribute
by the mother’s body crosses the placenta
cause an infection in the fetus with
very serious consequences that people
learned in the last two years of
discovery of Brazilians, which is the
ivory development changes
condemned in the extremely severe fetus
among them the microcephaly we had
A second idea is to explore this
natural mechanism
perhaps create a means of producing
antibodies against the rich virus and thus
people did a series of experiments
show you the sequence of these
experiments that were used against
other twins by other groups of
researchers from all over the world
here we have a girl who got the
virus in para came here to are
paulo developed the symptoms people did
the diagnosis then these symptoms
started as expected
after a while we imagined that
would spend a few days until the
antibodies against the virus indicates
begin to be detected in as
her blood to her cells.
start learning how to produce these
specific antibodies against the virus
that would protect her for the rest of the
life
agent collected samples on that day 12
after infection
using a few techniques
sophisticated laboratory agent
can separate a cell type from the
her blood
this type of cell gets a name from
called a coarse plasma which is a
Classic Gross Plasma Glasto is the Cell
responsible for starting to produce
antibodies and these cells will
changing their genetic material to
produce a very different number of people
some of them very efficient bodies
others less efficient than with
days
our body begins to select to
use in combating the virus indicates these to
these cells are produced and people
has a laboratory technique that
we were able to separate one
these cells in a machine to put a
and you can say that in
each well of this plate has a cell
probably rough plasma that could
producing antibodies against the virus is
using genetic methods
we get each of these cells does
a sequencing of this material
genetics learns the whole structure of this
molecule that we could produce
then in the laboratory and after
produced in the laboratory, we can
whether that antibody in that cell
of the patient who had zica
neutralize the virus that caused infection
using this methodology
we got some patients who
have identified several
antibodies that had the ability to
destroy the virus in the laboratory and people
decided to choose three of them were more
that were more potent for
check if they would get a template
that mimicked an infection in humans
protect against disease
we put the following experiment where
were perceived data eight animals are
monkeys that never had contact with the
zica virus by laboratory tests
that we did separated four of them that
received a mixture of the three
antibodies that we thought were the
best and four other monkeys
received an antibody that did not
worked against the virus indicates they
served as controls and what was our
idea let’s get these four monkeys
the antibodies that make it
to neutralize the zica virus and the
four monkeys get checked one day
we listen to the real ones that
causes the infection in the animal to
to check if the antibody had any
protective effect
What happened was one thing.
extraordinary that the four animals that
received one of the control antibodies
had the virus multiplying in their
quick blood
twenty detected in large quantities already
the first day after infection of the
virus indicates these viruses have been
naturally controlled by these
animals until they will return to a level
from 0
but that’s what we expect from a
An Effective Immune Defense
now those four other monkeys who
received the mixture of antibodies that
had an action against the virus and that nothing
had we managed to block 100%
of virus infection in this experiment
more than that apparently the virus
if you wanted to have been able to start
multiplying this opened the possibility
of using a mixture of
antibodies to these substances that all
we produce to avoid an infection
and more importantly that avoiding
infection in a woman who is pregnant
A woman is trying to get pregnant in the
where the virus is spreading
through the bite of aedes aegypti
It seems like a dream because we
You have to do a lot.
Let’s get these improved antibodies.
in the laboratory I have produced them safely
even more stringent to be tested
in humans but this is possible has
example is this here is the photo of the
zero again but the day he was born
he was born 780 grams is only very
little one and we know that children
they are so small they run a
risk of catching another virus called
respiratory syncytial virus that causes
very serious pneumonia
this pneumonia is so severe that those
children in this age group with this
weight that catch this infection almost all
dies but there is one thing there is one
antibody already produced by name
palivizumabe that the complicated name but
is nothing more than an antibody that
block the multiplication of this
respiratory syncytial virus and zé took
every three weeks a dose line
descending body
He is already three months old today.
very well and this type of intervention
been able to save the life of
thousands of children as ze
we know then I took the example
here from a helicopter factory at random
just to show that when we do
a production line, we can
produce helicopters to please the
customer
some have a characteristic of a
others have characteristics of
the other smaller ones than in the
takes the ultimate goal of this product
well we are all a factory
we are an antibody factory people
could use these antibodies to
fight against the diseases that cause
prevention and especially
in more serious situations save the life
of people we can turn into
each of us who are here strategies
to enable these
antibodies are transformed into
be transformed into forms of
to combat disease is know is that
goal with this vision that I think
we can all in the future achieve
means of saving more and more lives and
improve people’s lives in prevention
and in the treatment
so we can all contribute here
with this dream
thank you so much
[Applause]
”
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