well good morning TEDx if you haven’t heard the robots are coming for us I
heard the robots are coming for us I
heard the robots are coming for us I imagine I’m not the first person to
imagine I’m not the first person to
imagine I’m not the first person to alert you to this in fact if you’ve been
alert you to this in fact if you’ve been
alert you to this in fact if you’ve been paying attention at all to the public
paying attention at all to the public
paying attention at all to the public discussion about artificial intelligence
discussion about artificial intelligence
discussion about artificial intelligence then you know that some really smart
then you know that some really smart
then you know that some really smart people are really concerned about the
people are really concerned about the
people are really concerned about the safety issues related to AI but unless
safety issues related to AI but unless
safety issues related to AI but unless you did mortal combat with your toaster
you did mortal combat with your toaster
you did mortal combat with your toaster oven this morning you’re probably not
oven this morning you’re probably not
oven this morning you’re probably not that immediately concerned about it
that immediately concerned about it
that immediately concerned about it yourself so what is it that’s keeping
yourself so what is it that’s keeping
yourself so what is it that’s keeping people like Elon Musk and Stephen
people like Elon Musk and Stephen
people like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking up at night when they think
Hawking up at night when they think
Hawking up at night when they think about artificial intelligence it helps
about artificial intelligence it helps
about artificial intelligence it helps to understand that we are surrounded by
to understand that we are surrounded by
to understand that we are surrounded by and have been utilizing artificial
and have been utilizing artificial
and have been utilizing artificial intelligence for a long time now if
intelligence for a long time now if
intelligence for a long time now if you’ve got a smartphone in your pocket
you’ve got a smartphone in your pocket
you’ve got a smartphone in your pocket as you sit here today you have
as you sit here today you have
as you sit here today you have artificial intelligence with you right
artificial intelligence with you right
artificial intelligence with you right now but that type of artificial
now but that type of artificial
now but that type of artificial intelligence is what’s known as narrow
intelligence is what’s known as narrow
intelligence is what’s known as narrow AI meaning it may be superhuman in the
AI meaning it may be superhuman in the
AI meaning it may be superhuman in the sense that it can do things we could
sense that it can do things we could
sense that it can do things we could never hope to do even a simple pocket
never hope to do even a simple pocket
never hope to do even a simple pocket calculator can do things that human
calculator can do things that human
calculator can do things that human beings can’t hope to do with as much
beings can’t hope to do with as much
beings can’t hope to do with as much speed and consistent accuracy but that’s
speed and consistent accuracy but that’s
speed and consistent accuracy but that’s not what Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk
not what Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk
not what Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk are concerned about they’re concerned
are concerned about they’re concerned
are concerned about they’re concerned about what’s known as general artificial
about what’s known as general artificial
about what’s known as general artificial intelligence or AGI as it’s oftentimes
intelligence or AGI as it’s oftentimes
intelligence or AGI as it’s oftentimes called and this is the type of
called and this is the type of
called and this is the type of artificial intelligence that they make
artificial intelligence that they make
artificial intelligence that they make movies about this is the supercomputer
movies about this is the supercomputer
movies about this is the supercomputer that can think on its own and has its
that can think on its own and has its
that can think on its own and has its own motivations and understands things
own motivations and understands things
own motivations and understands things far beyond our capacity and the safety
far beyond our capacity and the safety
far beyond our capacity and the safety concerns are related to what happens if
concerns are related to what happens if
concerns are related to what happens if we can’t control such a computer system
we can’t control such a computer system
we can’t control such a computer system what happens if the goals of that
what happens if the goals of that
what happens if the goals of that computer system aren’t aligned with our
computer system aren’t aligned with our
computer system aren’t aligned with our own goals as human beings and so it’s
own goals as human beings and so it’s
own goals as human beings and so it’s almost as if there are 32 flavors of
almost as if there are 32 flavors of
almost as if there are 32 flavors of dystopia on offer for us to pick from
dystopia on offer for us to pick from
dystopia on offer for us to pick from right and Hollywood’s been utilizing
right and Hollywood’s been utilizing
right and Hollywood’s been utilizing most of them so you there you may prefer
most of them so you there you may prefer
most of them so you there you may prefer the machine gun wielding red-eyed robot
the machine gun wielding red-eyed robot
the machine gun wielding red-eyed robot from the Terminator movie for
from the Terminator movie for
from the Terminator movie for version of dystopia that AI alarmists
version of dystopia that AI alarmists
version of dystopia that AI alarmists are concerned about and and you you
are concerned about and and you you
are concerned about and and you you might be more of the matrix version
might be more of the matrix version
might be more of the matrix version right you enjoy the idea of the
right you enjoy the idea of the
right you enjoy the idea of the computers enslaving us and hooking us up
computers enslaving us and hooking us up
computers enslaving us and hooking us up to some sort of artificial reality while
to some sort of artificial reality while
to some sort of artificial reality while using us for their own devices me
using us for their own devices me
using us for their own devices me personally I’d prefer the flavor of
personally I’d prefer the flavor of
personally I’d prefer the flavor of concentrated control this is the concern
concentrated control this is the concern
concentrated control this is the concern that a single government or corporation
that a single government or corporation
that a single government or corporation will be the first to crack the code on
will be the first to crack the code on
will be the first to crack the code on this type of technology and we’ll have
this type of technology and we’ll have
this type of technology and we’ll have it all in one hand able to use it to
it all in one hand able to use it to
it all in one hand able to use it to take over the world in fact I think I’m
take over the world in fact I think I’m
take over the world in fact I think I’m in kind of good company and being
in kind of good company and being
in kind of good company and being concerned about this just two weeks ago
concerned about this just two weeks ago
concerned about this just two weeks ago Russian President Vladimir Putin when
Russian President Vladimir Putin when
Russian President Vladimir Putin when addressing Russian students said that
addressing Russian students said that
addressing Russian students said that the first person or first government to
the first person or first government to
the first person or first government to control this sphere the sphere of AI
control this sphere the sphere of AI
control this sphere the sphere of AI will rule the world those are his words
will rule the world those are his words
will rule the world those are his words rule the world he went on to say that if
rule the world he went on to say that if
rule the world he went on to say that if Russia is the first he plans to share
Russia is the first he plans to share
Russia is the first he plans to share that technology with all the world and
that technology with all the world and
that technology with all the world and democratize it but I’ll forgive you for
democratize it but I’ll forgive you for
democratize it but I’ll forgive you for any skepticism you might have about that
believe it or not I’m not actually here
believe it or not I’m not actually here today to convince you that you should be
today to convince you that you should be
today to convince you that you should be concerned about any of those dystopian
concerned about any of those dystopian
concerned about any of those dystopian possibilities it’s not to say you
possibilities it’s not to say you
possibilities it’s not to say you shouldn’t be it’s just not what I’m here
shouldn’t be it’s just not what I’m here
shouldn’t be it’s just not what I’m here to talk about I’m actually here to
to talk about I’m actually here to
to talk about I’m actually here to convince you that you should be
convince you that you should be
convince you that you should be concerned about the opposite
concerned about the opposite
concerned about the opposite what happens if everything goes
what happens if everything goes
what happens if everything goes splendidly with artificial intelligence
splendidly with artificial intelligence
splendidly with artificial intelligence what happens if all of the utopian
what happens if all of the utopian
what happens if all of the utopian promises of AI come to fruition well
promises of AI come to fruition well
promises of AI come to fruition well what are the utopian promises of AI much
what are the utopian promises of AI much
what are the utopian promises of AI much like the dystopian predictions there are
like the dystopian predictions there are
like the dystopian predictions there are many of them but the ones that come up
many of them but the ones that come up
many of them but the ones that come up most often tend to be things like the
most often tend to be things like the
most often tend to be things like the ability to eliminate all human disease
ability to eliminate all human disease
ability to eliminate all human disease this is something we would very much
this is something we would very much
this is something we would very much like to do obviously so there’s a lot of
like to do obviously so there’s a lot of
like to do obviously so there’s a lot of motivation behind it and it’s something
motivation behind it and it’s something
motivation behind it and it’s something that we think with artificial
that we think with artificial
that we think with artificial intelligence assisting us we might
intelligence assisting us we might
intelligence assisting us we might realistically be able to accomplish in
realistically be able to accomplish in
realistically be able to accomplish in fact some people think we might be able
fact some people think we might be able
fact some people think we might be able to end or at least dramatically slow
to end or at least dramatically slow
to end or at least dramatically slow down the aging process all too
down the aging process all too
down the aging process all too you might someday or perhaps somebody
you might someday or perhaps somebody
you might someday or perhaps somebody that you’re related to might someday be
that you’re related to might someday be
that you’re related to might someday be able to decide to be 35 years old for a
able to decide to be 35 years old for a
able to decide to be 35 years old for a thousand years what other things are
thousand years what other things are
thousand years what other things are promised by artificial intelligence well
promised by artificial intelligence well
promised by artificial intelligence well there is a ongoing problem in the world
there is a ongoing problem in the world
there is a ongoing problem in the world that’s existed forever which is resource
that’s existed forever which is resource
that’s existed forever which is resource scarcity we’re concerned about whether
scarcity we’re concerned about whether
scarcity we’re concerned about whether or not we have enough clean drinking
or not we have enough clean drinking
or not we have enough clean drinking water and clean air and space to move
water and clean air and space to move
water and clean air and space to move around in and energy of course these
around in and energy of course these
around in and energy of course these again are all things that the incredible
again are all things that the incredible
again are all things that the incredible power of artificial intelligence might
power of artificial intelligence might
power of artificial intelligence might be able to help human beings solve these
be able to help human beings solve these
be able to help human beings solve these problems that we’ve faced for so long
problems that we’ve faced for so long
problems that we’ve faced for so long and what about human work we heard a
and what about human work we heard a
and what about human work we heard a little bit about that already today the
little bit about that already today the
little bit about that already today the the combination of artificial
the combination of artificial
the combination of artificial intelligence with human efforts to come
intelligence with human efforts to come
intelligence with human efforts to come up with a better product a better
up with a better product a better
up with a better product a better experience a better whatever well I
experience a better whatever well I
experience a better whatever well I think that that’s happening we see
think that that’s happening we see
think that that’s happening we see evidence of it all over the place but I
evidence of it all over the place but I
evidence of it all over the place but I think that that’s just a minor pit stop
think that that’s just a minor pit stop
think that that’s just a minor pit stop on what ultimately if a I can fulfill
on what ultimately if a I can fulfill
on what ultimately if a I can fulfill the promises it’s made means we will
the promises it’s made means we will
the promises it’s made means we will eliminate the need for human work
eliminate the need for human work
eliminate the need for human work altogether I want you to think about
altogether I want you to think about
altogether I want you to think about that for a moment what if we live in a
that for a moment what if we live in a
that for a moment what if we live in a world where it’s no longer necessary for
world where it’s no longer necessary for
world where it’s no longer necessary for you to do anything in order to have your
you to do anything in order to have your
you to do anything in order to have your basic needs and probably most of your
basic needs and probably most of your
basic needs and probably most of your reasonable desires fulfilled what does
reasonable desires fulfilled what does
reasonable desires fulfilled what does your 8 to 5 look like in a world like
your 8 to 5 look like in a world like
your 8 to 5 look like in a world like that
that
that and what does it look like if you’re
and what does it look like if you’re
and what does it look like if you’re doing that for a thousand years with the
doing that for a thousand years with the
doing that for a thousand years with the vitality of a 25 or 35 year old body and
vitality of a 25 or 35 year old body and
vitality of a 25 or 35 year old body and you live in a world where war is largely
you live in a world where war is largely
you live in a world where war is largely been eliminated resource scarcity is no
been eliminated resource scarcity is no
been eliminated resource scarcity is no longer a problem it can sound pretty
longer a problem it can sound pretty
longer a problem it can sound pretty good until you start really thinking
good until you start really thinking
good until you start really thinking about well what would I do how would I
about well what would I do how would I
about well what would I do how would I spend my day these sorts of questions
spend my day these sorts of questions
spend my day these sorts of questions these are the sorts of
these are the sorts of
these are the sorts of that really break down into the question
that really break down into the question
that really break down into the question of what is the best way to live a human
of what is the best way to live a human
of what is the best way to live a human life these are huge questions that we
life these are huge questions that we
life these are huge questions that we don’t ordinarily force ourselves to
don’t ordinarily force ourselves to
don’t ordinarily force ourselves to think about we define ourselves as human
think about we define ourselves as human
think about we define ourselves as human beings or understand our lives at least
beings or understand our lives at least
beings or understand our lives at least in the context or at least against the
in the context or at least against the
in the context or at least against the backdrop of struggle struggles can be
backdrop of struggle struggles can be
backdrop of struggle struggles can be major and minor but it’s what we do in
major and minor but it’s what we do in
major and minor but it’s what we do in terms of our decision-making there are
terms of our decision-making there are
terms of our decision-making there are certain things objectives goals we want
certain things objectives goals we want
certain things objectives goals we want to accomplish in the long term in the
to accomplish in the long term in the
to accomplish in the long term in the short term and we have to expend effort
short term and we have to expend effort
short term and we have to expend effort and energy in order to do those things
and energy in order to do those things
and energy in order to do those things that’s struggle what if most of the
that’s struggle what if most of the
that’s struggle what if most of the struggle is removed from your life is
struggle is removed from your life is
struggle is removed from your life is that a world you want to live well I
that a world you want to live well I
that a world you want to live well I think if it is a world we’re going to
think if it is a world we’re going to
think if it is a world we’re going to live in we need to get more comfortable
live in we need to get more comfortable
live in we need to get more comfortable with these big questions like how should
with these big questions like how should
with these big questions like how should a human life be lived and at the end of
a human life be lived and at the end of
a human life be lived and at the end of the day I hope that you’ll find that
the day I hope that you’ll find that
the day I hope that you’ll find that this is actually an optimistic talk
this is actually an optimistic talk
this is actually an optimistic talk because I think we have something really
because I think we have something really
because I think we have something really really special going for us in facing
really special going for us in facing
really special going for us in facing these types of quandary
these types of quandary
these types of quandary we have a tradition called philosophy
we have a tradition called philosophy
we have a tradition called philosophy and philosophy has been wrestling with
and philosophy has been wrestling with
and philosophy has been wrestling with these questions for thousands of years
these questions for thousands of years
these questions for thousands of years now the problem is is that philosophy
now the problem is is that philosophy
now the problem is is that philosophy has typically been engaged in by elites
has typically been engaged in by elites
has typically been engaged in by elites by people that have the time to spend
by people that have the time to spend
by people that have the time to spend thinking about big questions people who
thinking about big questions people who
thinking about big questions people who are not engaged constantly in their own
are not engaged constantly in their own
are not engaged constantly in their own struggles but if AI winds up fulfilling
struggles but if AI winds up fulfilling
struggles but if AI winds up fulfilling its utopian promises and we all have a
its utopian promises and we all have a
its utopian promises and we all have a lot more time to spend many more of us
lot more time to spend many more of us
lot more time to spend many more of us are going to need to be comfortable with
are going to need to be comfortable with
are going to need to be comfortable with philosophical inquiry because it’s
philosophical inquiry because it’s
philosophical inquiry because it’s probably the only thing that we’re going
probably the only thing that we’re going
probably the only thing that we’re going to have that seems to make any sense in
to have that seems to make any sense in
to have that seems to make any sense in terms of a way to spend our time we of
terms of a way to spend our time we of
terms of a way to spend our time we of course could
course could
course could fall into some sort of hedonistic
fall into some sort of hedonistic
fall into some sort of hedonistic existence you’ve seen the PG version of
existence you’ve seen the PG version of
existence you’ve seen the PG version of this if you’ve watched the Disney movie
this if you’ve watched the Disney movie
this if you’ve watched the Disney movie wall-e all the human beings are floating
wall-e all the human beings are floating
wall-e all the human beings are floating around and their barcaloungers drinking
around and their barcaloungers drinking
around and their barcaloungers drinking Slurpees and being fed fast-food
Slurpees and being fed fast-food
Slurpees and being fed fast-food versions of entertainment constantly and
versions of entertainment constantly and
versions of entertainment constantly and that might be what our future holds but
that might be what our future holds but
that might be what our future holds but I sure hope not I sure hope not but for
I sure hope not I sure hope not but for
I sure hope not I sure hope not but for more of us to be engaged in these types
more of us to be engaged in these types
more of us to be engaged in these types of questions and inquiries and be
of questions and inquiries and be
of questions and inquiries and be comfortable with it and not think of it
comfortable with it and not think of it
comfortable with it and not think of it as something that that’s for someone
as something that that’s for someone
as something that that’s for someone else to think about we have to start
else to think about we have to start
else to think about we have to start participating in our philosophical
participating in our philosophical
participating in our philosophical nature the good news is we all have a
nature the good news is we all have a
nature the good news is we all have a philosophical nature human beings by
philosophical nature human beings by
philosophical nature human beings by their nature are curious every one of
their nature are curious every one of
their nature are curious every one of you has experienced this in your own
you has experienced this in your own
you has experienced this in your own life but also probably if you’ve raised
life but also probably if you’ve raised
life but also probably if you’ve raised children or watched others doing so the
children or watched others doing so the
children or watched others doing so the human child is curious from day one and
human child is curious from day one and
human child is curious from day one and it’s only by training that that
it’s only by training that that
it’s only by training that that curiosity typically falls away in fact
curiosity typically falls away in fact
curiosity typically falls away in fact as a parent I know that I’m guilty of
as a parent I know that I’m guilty of
as a parent I know that I’m guilty of warding the curiosity of my own children
warding the curiosity of my own children
warding the curiosity of my own children this happens most dramatically perhaps
this happens most dramatically perhaps
this happens most dramatically perhaps in an experience that you’ve all had or
in an experience that you’ve all had or
in an experience that you’ve all had or seen it’s the why question right the
seen it’s the why question right the
seen it’s the why question right the incessant why question that comes from a
incessant why question that comes from a
incessant why question that comes from a child so the typical scenario is
child so the typical scenario is
child so the typical scenario is something like we’re driving down the
something like we’re driving down the
something like we’re driving down the road and I’m at the wheel and my son
road and I’m at the wheel and my son
road and I’m at the wheel and my son sitting behind me and he’s asking things
sitting behind me and he’s asking things
sitting behind me and he’s asking things like dad why did you stop the car oh
like dad why did you stop the car oh
like dad why did you stop the car oh because we’re at a red light well why
because we’re at a red light well why
because we’re at a red light well why well because we have traffic control
well because we have traffic control
well because we have traffic control systems that tell cars and drivers of
systems that tell cars and drivers of
systems that tell cars and drivers of cars when to go and when to stop why
cars when to go and when to stop why
cars when to go and when to stop why well because son we don’t want people to
well because son we don’t want people to
well because son we don’t want people to get in automobile accidents why well
get in automobile accidents why well
get in automobile accidents why well because we value human life and we want
because we value human life and we want
because we value human life and we want to avoid human suffering why
unfortunately that’s the way it is is
unfortunately that’s the way it is is usually where that type of inquiry chain
usually where that type of inquiry chain
usually where that type of inquiry chain ends but that sends the wrong message to
ends but that sends the wrong message to
ends but that sends the wrong message to our children doesn’t it it teaches them
our children doesn’t it it teaches them
our children doesn’t it it teaches them that those are the wrong questions
that those are the wrong questions
that those are the wrong questions instead we tend to direct them to the
instead we tend to direct them to the
instead we tend to direct them to the how do you do something questions or how
how do you do something questions or how
how do you do something questions or how does this work the types of questions
does this work the types of questions
does this work the types of questions that the scientific method is incredibly
that the scientific method is incredibly
that the scientific method is incredibly good at helping us find answers to and
good at helping us find answers to and
good at helping us find answers to and believe me
believe me
believe me given the dystopian possibilities that
given the dystopian possibilities that
given the dystopian possibilities that artificial intelligence presents us with
artificial intelligence presents us with
artificial intelligence presents us with we need people thinking in a scientific
we need people thinking in a scientific
we need people thinking in a scientific way about these problems we need to
way about these problems we need to
way about these problems we need to continue to emphasize science technology
continue to emphasize science technology
continue to emphasize science technology engineering and mathematics in our
engineering and mathematics in our
engineering and mathematics in our education systems but what a cool and
education systems but what a cool and
education systems but what a cool and funny irony it will be if we prepare a
funny irony it will be if we prepare a
funny irony it will be if we prepare a generation of people who are incredibly
generation of people who are incredibly
generation of people who are incredibly good at technology and thinking about
good at technology and thinking about
good at technology and thinking about these problems but don’t need to use
these problems but don’t need to use
these problems but don’t need to use that intellect because the computers
that intellect because the computers
that intellect because the computers that we’ve already created are so far
that we’ve already created are so far
that we’ve already created are so far advanced that the the computer science
advanced that the the computer science
advanced that the the computer science prowess of our best human computer
prowess of our best human computer
prowess of our best human computer scientists it would be about the
scientists it would be about the
scientists it would be about the equivalent of what we might think of a
equivalent of what we might think of a
equivalent of what we might think of a child’s ability to manipulate computer
child’s ability to manipulate computer
child’s ability to manipulate computer systems that’s the difference between
systems that’s the difference between
systems that’s the difference between what AI might be able to do and what a
what AI might be able to do and what a
what AI might be able to do and what a human might be able to do and so it will
human might be able to do and so it will
human might be able to do and so it will be strange if we create a world in which
be strange if we create a world in which
be strange if we create a world in which we are all prepared to talk and think
we are all prepared to talk and think
we are all prepared to talk and think about technology but our technology
about technology but our technology
about technology but our technology doesn’t need us to do any of that
doesn’t need us to do any of that
doesn’t need us to do any of that instead perhaps we should prepare not
instead perhaps we should prepare not
instead perhaps we should prepare not just for that world but also for a world
just for that world but also for a world
just for that world but also for a world in which we need to be able to ask and
in which we need to be able to ask and
in which we need to be able to ask and think about big questions about what it
think about big questions about what it
think about big questions about what it means to be a human being and how we
means to be a human being and how we
means to be a human being and how we should live our lives I think there are
should live our lives I think there are
should live our lives I think there are a lot of things we can do to prepare
a lot of things we can do to prepare
a lot of things we can do to prepare ourselves for this all of the normal
ourselves for this all of the normal
ourselves for this all of the normal things come to mind
things come to mind
things come to mind talk to your politicians about it they
talk to your politicians about it they
talk to your politicians about it they are woefully onion
are woefully onion
are woefully onion warned about these topics despite many
warned about these topics despite many
warned about these topics despite many of us believing that these are the
of us believing that these are the
of us believing that these are the biggest issues we face in the next 50
biggest issues we face in the next 50
biggest issues we face in the next 50 years and of course you can read you can
years and of course you can read you can
years and of course you can read you can engage in philosophy yourself you can
engage in philosophy yourself you can
engage in philosophy yourself you can turn to the Internet and the good news
turn to the Internet and the good news
turn to the Internet and the good news is most philosophical texts are
is most philosophical texts are
is most philosophical texts are available for free because they’re so
available for free because they’re so
available for free because they’re so old but we can do things for our
old but we can do things for our
old but we can do things for our children too we can do simple things one
children too we can do simple things one
children too we can do simple things one of the things that I’ve done is created
of the things that I’ve done is created
of the things that I’ve done is created for my son a Y journal it looks just
for my son a Y journal it looks just
for my son a Y journal it looks just like this and it’s the journal in which
like this and it’s the journal in which
like this and it’s the journal in which we write down those why questions when
we write down those why questions when
we write down those why questions when we get to the point that either I or
we get to the point that either I or
we get to the point that either I or Wikipedia can’t answer them for him any
Wikipedia can’t answer them for him any
Wikipedia can’t answer them for him any longer it teaches him I hope that the
longer it teaches him I hope that the
longer it teaches him I hope that the question itself is important and we
question itself is important and we
question itself is important and we shouldn’t just ignore it or push it
shouldn’t just ignore it or push it
shouldn’t just ignore it or push it aside for something more practical
aside for something more practical
aside for something more practical instead we should collect it and
instead we should collect it and
instead we should collect it and preserve it and return to it and
preserve it and return to it and
preserve it and return to it and continue to think about it and maybe
continue to think about it and maybe
continue to think about it and maybe we’ll find answers to some of those
we’ll find answers to some of those
we’ll find answers to some of those questions and others we sure we
questions and others we sure we
questions and others we sure we certainly won’t find answers to but
certainly won’t find answers to but
certainly won’t find answers to but that’s not necessarily the point the
that’s not necessarily the point the
that’s not necessarily the point the point is to make sure that he’s
point is to make sure that he’s
point is to make sure that he’s comfortable with big questions I would
comfortable with big questions I would
comfortable with big questions I would suggest that in order for us to survive
suggest that in order for us to survive
suggest that in order for us to survive our technological future we need to
our technological future we need to
our technological future we need to embrace our philosophical nature thank
embrace our philosophical nature thank
embrace our philosophical nature thank you
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