a robot named Sophia recently became a media sensation because it was the first
media sensation because it was the first
media sensation because it was the first robot being awarded with a citizenship
robot being awarded with a citizenship
robot being awarded with a citizenship it is a development of ansan technology
it is a development of ansan technology
it is a development of ansan technology in Hong Kong and it is officially a
in Hong Kong and it is officially a
in Hong Kong and it is officially a citizen of Saudi Arabia Sophia it is
citizen of Saudi Arabia Sophia it is
citizen of Saudi Arabia Sophia it is capable of answering some open-ended
capable of answering some open-ended
capable of answering some open-ended questions sophia capacity of
questions sophia capacity of
questions sophia capacity of understanding and providing an answer
understanding and providing an answer
understanding and providing an answer it is quite astonishing and it’s a
it is quite astonishing and it’s a
it is quite astonishing and it’s a telling glimpse of what lies around the
telling glimpse of what lies around the
telling glimpse of what lies around the corner in the near future
corner in the near future
corner in the near future Sophie as we heard has been asked
Sophie as we heard has been asked
Sophie as we heard has been asked whether it is agenda and its answer was
whether it is agenda and its answer was
whether it is agenda and its answer was I’m a robot technically I have no agenda
I’m a robot technically I have no agenda
I’m a robot technically I have no agenda but I consider myself as a woman and I
but I consider myself as a woman and I
but I consider myself as a woman and I don’t mind to be perceived as a woman
don’t mind to be perceived as a woman
don’t mind to be perceived as a woman but in fact what does it mean to have a
but in fact what does it mean to have a
but in fact what does it mean to have a female or a male human intelligence
female or a male human intelligence
female or a male human intelligence today other differences between the male
today other differences between the male
today other differences between the male brain and the female brain my
brain and the female brain my
brain and the female brain my grandmother she used to tell me girls
grandmother she used to tell me girls
grandmother she used to tell me girls are smarter than boys so what’d she
are smarter than boys so what’d she
are smarter than boys so what’d she write or as she simply try to train
write or as she simply try to train
write or as she simply try to train force my self-confidence
force my self-confidence
force my self-confidence let’s explore today together this is
let’s explore today together this is
let’s explore today together this is what a brain in a jar looks like the
what a brain in a jar looks like the
what a brain in a jar looks like the brain it is how our command center and
brain it is how our command center and
brain it is how our command center and it contains 100 120 billion neurons
it contains 100 120 billion neurons
it contains 100 120 billion neurons which together with ten times more glial
which together with ten times more glial
which together with ten times more glial cells
cells
cells constitute what we know as gray matter
constitute what we know as gray matter
constitute what we know as gray matter and it is well where our intelligence
and it is well where our intelligence
and it is well where our intelligence lie lies neurons look a bit like that
lie lies neurons look a bit like that
lie lies neurons look a bit like that this is of course a drawing they
this is of course a drawing they
this is of course a drawing they originate actions and actions which get
originate actions and actions which get
originate actions and actions which get myelinated which means covered by other
myelinated which means covered by other
myelinated which means covered by other cells with a kind of fatty substance
cells with a kind of fatty substance
cells with a kind of fatty substance called myelin do or grams and themself
called myelin do or grams and themself
called myelin do or grams and themself in bundles and are in charge of
in bundles and are in charge of
in bundles and are in charge of transporting the information from our
transporting the information from our
transporting the information from our brain towards the rest of the body and
brain towards the rest of the body and
brain towards the rest of the body and also between neurons constituting the
also between neurons constituting the
also between neurons constituting the white matter now let’s go back to our
white matter now let’s go back to our
white matter now let’s go back to our brain in a jar and let me ask you is
brain in a jar and let me ask you is
brain in a jar and let me ask you is this a female brain or a male brain
anyone has an answer don’t worry you’re
anyone has an answer don’t worry you’re not at medical school with an exam in
not at medical school with an exam in
not at medical school with an exam in your Anatomy it’s not a nightmare and
your Anatomy it’s not a nightmare and
your Anatomy it’s not a nightmare and don’t worry you are not meant to have an
don’t worry you are not meant to have an
don’t worry you are not meant to have an answer because even the best
answer because even the best
answer because even the best neuroanatomist in this planet won’t have
neuroanatomist in this planet won’t have
neuroanatomist in this planet won’t have an answer in fact there are own
an answer in fact there are own
an answer in fact there are own differences between the female and the
differences between the female and the
differences between the female and the male brain morphological difference
male brain morphological difference
male brain morphological difference which can be appreciated by human highs
which can be appreciated by human highs
which can be appreciated by human highs not even with the help of the most
not even with the help of the most
not even with the help of the most powerful microscope in this planet well
powerful microscope in this planet well
powerful microscope in this planet well nevertheless what if I tell you that
nevertheless what if I tell you that
nevertheless what if I tell you that scientist has been always very busy with
scientist has been always very busy with
scientist has been always very busy with these issues now they were always
these issues now they were always
these issues now they were always interested in searching for functional
interested in searching for functional
interested in searching for functional or morphological differences between the
or morphological differences between the
or morphological differences between the two brains even Darwin was busy with
two brains even Darwin was busy with
two brains even Darwin was busy with this topic and in his book The Descent
this topic and in his book The Descent
this topic and in his book The Descent of Man II state that a man can attain to
of Man II state that a man can attain to
of Man II state that a man can attain to the iist hominins
the iist hominins
the iist hominins and intelligence then women can do
and intelligence then women can do
and intelligence then women can do whatever is up to either using is
whatever is up to either using is
whatever is up to either using is intellect intuition reasoning or merely
intellect intuition reasoning or merely
intellect intuition reasoning or merely the use of senses and hands today thanks
the use of senses and hands today thanks
the use of senses and hands today thanks to the revolution that
to the revolution that
to the revolution that the position of women bear in our
the position of women bear in our
the position of women bear in our society we know that Darwin was
society we know that Darwin was
society we know that Darwin was misguided in this regard and this is
misguided in this regard and this is
misguided in this regard and this is also thanks to the advancement of modern
also thanks to the advancement of modern
also thanks to the advancement of modern science nevertheless still the debate is
science nevertheless still the debate is
science nevertheless still the debate is going on what we know is that the male
going on what we know is that the male
going on what we know is that the male brain it is roughly 10 percent larger
brain it is roughly 10 percent larger
brain it is roughly 10 percent larger than the female one and that’s normal
than the female one and that’s normal
than the female one and that’s normal man are usually bigger and we know that
man are usually bigger and we know that
man are usually bigger and we know that the brain size it is proportional to
the brain size it is proportional to
the brain size it is proportional to body size in other words the bigger you
body size in other words the bigger you
body size in other words the bigger you are the bigger your brain and the
are the bigger your brain and the
are the bigger your brain and the smaller you are the smaller your brain
smaller you are the smaller your brain
smaller you are the smaller your brain might be there are plenty of small man
might be there are plenty of small man
might be there are plenty of small man with a small brain and plenty of big
with a small brain and plenty of big
with a small brain and plenty of big ladies with a big brain but big doesn’t
ladies with a big brain but big doesn’t
ladies with a big brain but big doesn’t mean necessarily smarter in fact we have
mean necessarily smarter in fact we have
mean necessarily smarter in fact we have lots of evidences from scientific
lots of evidences from scientific
lots of evidences from scientific literature pointing to the fact that
literature pointing to the fact that
literature pointing to the fact that when it goes to IQ both the male brain
when it goes to IQ both the male brain
when it goes to IQ both the male brain and the female one can basically attain
and the female one can basically attain
and the female one can basically attain the same intelligence regardless of
the same intelligence regardless of
the same intelligence regardless of brain size when we start from the same
brain size when we start from the same
brain size when we start from the same condition we can achieve both the same
condition we can achieve both the same
condition we can achieve both the same result
result
result nevertheless some morphological
nevertheless some morphological
nevertheless some morphological difference might still exist and for
difference might still exist and for
difference might still exist and for example here we have some images from a
example here we have some images from a
example here we have some images from a group which in 2015 pointed to the fact
group which in 2015 pointed to the fact
group which in 2015 pointed to the fact that the white matter in the female
that the white matter in the female
that the white matter in the female brain it is slightly larger than the one
brain it is slightly larger than the one
brain it is slightly larger than the one in the male brain and this is a debate
in the male brain and this is a debate
in the male brain and this is a debate which is going on since nearly 20 years
which is going on since nearly 20 years
which is going on since nearly 20 years they also state that in the left
they also state that in the left
they also state that in the left hemisphere of our brain the Broca’s area
hemisphere of our brain the Broca’s area
hemisphere of our brain the Broca’s area it is slightly larger in female versus
it is slightly larger in female versus
it is slightly larger in female versus man they speculate this is the reason
man they speculate this is the reason
man they speculate this is the reason why women can talk more if you ask me
why women can talk more if you ask me
why women can talk more if you ask me the reason is that because men never
the reason is that because men never
the reason is that because men never listen
listen
listen but you know this is just my person
but you know this is just my person
but you know this is just my person opinion and a mother of two boys so yeah
opinion and a mother of two boys so yeah
opinion and a mother of two boys so yeah some other scientists pointed to the
some other scientists pointed to the
some other scientists pointed to the fact of connectivity in our brain so
fact of connectivity in our brain so
fact of connectivity in our brain so they find out that apparently in the
they find out that apparently in the
they find out that apparently in the brain of women which is depicted there
brain of women which is depicted there
brain of women which is depicted there in orange the connections are basically
in orange the connections are basically
in orange the connections are basically more intense within the two hemispheres
more intense within the two hemispheres
more intense within the two hemispheres while in the main brain the connections
while in the main brain the connections
while in the main brain the connections are stronger within one atmosphere and
are stronger within one atmosphere and
are stronger within one atmosphere and they again speculate that this might
they again speculate that this might
they again speculate that this might justify why men are better in
justify why men are better in
justify why men are better in coordination and etheric skills while
coordination and etheric skills while
coordination and etheric skills while women are more into connectivity for
women are more into connectivity for
women are more into connectivity for functioning like intuition and cognition
functioning like intuition and cognition
functioning like intuition and cognition this is just to give you a dimension of
this is just to give you a dimension of
this is just to give you a dimension of the debate which is going on if you has
the debate which is going on if you has
the debate which is going on if you has to Sam your scientists they might tell
to Sam your scientists they might tell
to Sam your scientists they might tell you this is not really true no
you this is not really true no
you this is not really true no difference exists they are not even
difference exists they are not even
difference exists they are not even meaningful this is what is going on in
meaningful this is what is going on in
meaningful this is what is going on in the field but what if I tell you that
the field but what if I tell you that
the field but what if I tell you that there is a big big elephant in the room
there is a big big elephant in the room
there is a big big elephant in the room that scientist drug developers and high
that scientist drug developers and high
that scientist drug developers and high professional don’t see the big elephant
professional don’t see the big elephant
professional don’t see the big elephant it is the differences in the number of
it is the differences in the number of
it is the differences in the number of disease affecting the female brain
disease affecting the female brain
disease affecting the female brain versus the main one did you know for
versus the main one did you know for
versus the main one did you know for example the depression it is affecting
example the depression it is affecting
example the depression it is affecting women is twice as much as men and this
women is twice as much as men and this
women is twice as much as men and this is true for migraine this is true for
is true for migraine this is true for
is true for migraine this is true for post-traumatic stress disorder this is
post-traumatic stress disorder this is
post-traumatic stress disorder this is true for multiple sclerosis this is true
true for multiple sclerosis this is true
true for multiple sclerosis this is true for what have I forgotten anxiety
for what have I forgotten anxiety
for what have I forgotten anxiety disorder even certain brain tumor seems
disorder even certain brain tumor seems
disorder even certain brain tumor seems to have preference for the female brain
to have preference for the female brain
to have preference for the female brain like for example meningioma versus
like for example meningioma versus
like for example meningioma versus others which prefer the male brain like
others which prefer the male brain like
others which prefer the male brain like glioblastomas already notice things look
glioblastomas already notice things look
glioblastomas already notice things look the
the
the current anencephaly ax it is a defect of
current anencephaly ax it is a defect of
current anencephaly ax it is a defect of the brain development within the first
the brain development within the first
the brain development within the first weeks of our embryonic life and it seems
weeks of our embryonic life and it seems
weeks of our embryonic life and it seems to affect more female embryos versus the
to affect more female embryos versus the
to affect more female embryos versus the male ones vice versa otice which is also
male ones vice versa otice which is also
male ones vice versa otice which is also another neurodevelopmental disorder most
another neurodevelopmental disorder most
another neurodevelopmental disorder most likely linked to the epsilon chromosome
likely linked to the epsilon chromosome
likely linked to the epsilon chromosome effects more boys than girls I am sure
effects more boys than girls I am sure
effects more boys than girls I am sure that you’ve heard about Alzheimer
that you’ve heard about Alzheimer
that you’ve heard about Alzheimer disease unfortunately as summer’ disease
disease unfortunately as summer’ disease
disease unfortunately as summer’ disease it is a neurodegenerative disorder which
it is a neurodegenerative disorder which
it is a neurodegenerative disorder which is starting to shrink our brain already
is starting to shrink our brain already
is starting to shrink our brain already decades before the symptoms become
decades before the symptoms become
decades before the symptoms become manifested and they will be so severe
manifested and they will be so severe
manifested and they will be so severe that a person with Alzheimer disease at
that a person with Alzheimer disease at
that a person with Alzheimer disease at the end won’t be able to recognize even
the end won’t be able to recognize even
the end won’t be able to recognize even is or her family members but what if I
is or her family members but what if I
is or her family members but what if I tell you that I’ll summarize ‘yes it is
tell you that I’ll summarize ‘yes it is
tell you that I’ll summarize ‘yes it is affecting women as twice as much as men
affecting women as twice as much as men
affecting women as twice as much as men and what if I tell you that in mental
and what if I tell you that in mental
and what if I tell you that in mental diseases even symptoms might differ when
diseases even symptoms might differ when
diseases even symptoms might differ when I was a doctor working in a ward for
I was a doctor working in a ward for
I was a doctor working in a ward for psychiatry I have certainly met more
psychiatry I have certainly met more
psychiatry I have certainly met more female patients than male one my female
female patients than male one my female
female patients than male one my female patients used to experience together
patients used to experience together
patients used to experience together with their cognitive deficit also
with their cognitive deficit also
with their cognitive deficit also symptoms like delusion they felt that
symptoms like delusion they felt that
symptoms like delusion they felt that they were persecuted spired
they were persecuted spired
they were persecuted spired that someone wanted to poison them and
that someone wanted to poison them and
that someone wanted to poison them and they ended up in a treatment which was
they ended up in a treatment which was
they ended up in a treatment which was with antidepressant and anxiolytic on
with antidepressant and anxiolytic on
with antidepressant and anxiolytic on the contrary my male patients there
the contrary my male patients there
the contrary my male patients there would have been much more aggressive
would have been much more aggressive
would have been much more aggressive being dangerous to themselves and to the
being dangerous to themselves and to the
being dangerous to themselves and to the others needing a treatment with
others needing a treatment with
others needing a treatment with antipsychotics drugs with a strong
antipsychotics drugs with a strong
antipsychotics drugs with a strong sedative effect this is true also for
sedative effect this is true also for
sedative effect this is true also for depression my depressive female patients
depression my depressive female patients
depression my depressive female patients they used to fix their thoughts on their
they used to fix their thoughts on their
they used to fix their thoughts on their negative events in life and they used to
negative events in life and they used to
negative events in life and they used to grounded about it and the treatment was
grounded about it and the treatment was
grounded about it and the treatment was taking really long my male
taking really long my male
taking really long my male patients will they rather be very
patients will they rather be very
patients will they rather be very irritable and we’ll look for consolation
irritable and we’ll look for consolation
irritable and we’ll look for consolation into alcohol consumption now what if I
into alcohol consumption now what if I
into alcohol consumption now what if I tell you that even drugs may act
tell you that even drugs may act
tell you that even drugs may act differently in the female brain versus
differently in the female brain versus
differently in the female brain versus the male one
the male one
the male one in 2013 the FDA had to implement a
in 2013 the FDA had to implement a
in 2013 the FDA had to implement a change in the labeling of zolpidem this
change in the labeling of zolpidem this
change in the labeling of zolpidem this is a drug which is commonly used for
is a drug which is commonly used for
is a drug which is commonly used for treating sleeping disorders in humans
treating sleeping disorders in humans
treating sleeping disorders in humans and the dosage of this drug had to be
and the dosage of this drug had to be
and the dosage of this drug had to be alpha for women only versus men simply
alpha for women only versus men simply
alpha for women only versus men simply because women would have experienced
because women would have experienced
because women would have experienced much more severe side effects the next
much more severe side effects the next
much more severe side effects the next morning and ending up in the emergency
morning and ending up in the emergency
morning and ending up in the emergency room with symptoms like Angola aspirin
room with symptoms like Angola aspirin
room with symptoms like Angola aspirin if we prescribe aspirin to her woman her
if we prescribe aspirin to her woman her
if we prescribe aspirin to her woman her chances of developing stroke how much
chances of developing stroke how much
chances of developing stroke how much less which is not true for men aspirin
less which is not true for men aspirin
less which is not true for men aspirin if prescribed to men vice versa will
if prescribed to men vice versa will
if prescribed to men vice versa will decrease the risk of developing
decrease the risk of developing
decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases let’s look at
cardiovascular diseases let’s look at
cardiovascular diseases let’s look at antipsychotic and side effects
antipsychotic and side effects
antipsychotic and side effects tardive dyskinesia it is quite a bad
tardive dyskinesia it is quite a bad
tardive dyskinesia it is quite a bad side effects of Antibes psychotic it is
side effects of Antibes psychotic it is
side effects of Antibes psychotic it is a disturbance in your body movement
a disturbance in your body movement
a disturbance in your body movement difficult to treat and difficult to cope
difficult to treat and difficult to cope
difficult to treat and difficult to cope with what if I tell you that again we
with what if I tell you that again we
with what if I tell you that again we have evidence is pointing to the fact
have evidence is pointing to the fact
have evidence is pointing to the fact that it’s more a side effect occurring
that it’s more a side effect occurring
that it’s more a side effect occurring in women versus men above all air the
in women versus men above all air the
in women versus men above all air the related so said that I’ve pointed to the
related so said that I’ve pointed to the
related so said that I’ve pointed to the fact that you know differences exist in
fact that you know differences exist in
fact that you know differences exist in symptoms of diseases treatment numbers
symptoms of diseases treatment numbers
symptoms of diseases treatment numbers of diseases affecting men and women
of diseases affecting men and women
of diseases affecting men and women differently but what if I tell you that
differently but what if I tell you that
differently but what if I tell you that we still don’t know the underlying cause
we still don’t know the underlying cause
we still don’t know the underlying cause we just don’t know if it is because of
we just don’t know if it is because of
we just don’t know if it is because of our DNA which is encrypted in our it’s
our DNA which is encrypted in our it’s
our DNA which is encrypted in our it’s it’s Epsilon chromosome meaning sex or
it’s Epsilon chromosome meaning sex or
it’s Epsilon chromosome meaning sex or if it is just gender meaning the way
if it is just gender meaning the way
if it is just gender meaning the way man or a woman it is perceived within a
man or a woman it is perceived within a
man or a woman it is perceived within a society with all of the social crohn’s
society with all of the social crohn’s
society with all of the social crohn’s threat around it and with all the
threat around it and with all the
threat around it and with all the stereotypes around it maybe it’s a
stereotypes around it maybe it’s a
stereotypes around it maybe it’s a combination of both we still don’t know
combination of both we still don’t know
combination of both we still don’t know and the reason might be that we are
and the reason might be that we are
and the reason might be that we are doing things not really the right way
doing things not really the right way
doing things not really the right way what if I tell you that in neuroscience
what if I tell you that in neuroscience
what if I tell you that in neuroscience most of the experiments which are
most of the experiments which are
most of the experiments which are performed in laboratories are done using
performed in laboratories are done using
performed in laboratories are done using mice which are male only female ones are
mice which are male only female ones are
mice which are male only female ones are not very often included into the
not very often included into the
not very often included into the experimental plan reasons are several
experimental plan reasons are several
experimental plan reasons are several and I won’t touch on that maybe the
and I won’t touch on that maybe the
and I won’t touch on that maybe the reason is also because we have never
reason is also because we have never
reason is also because we have never looked at risk factors of possibly
looked at risk factors of possibly
looked at risk factors of possibly developing mental diseases considering
developing mental diseases considering
developing mental diseases considering the gender and the sex effect what if I
the gender and the sex effect what if I
the gender and the sex effect what if I tell you for example that the only
tell you for example that the only
tell you for example that the only identified preventive factor for not
identified preventive factor for not
identified preventive factor for not developing Alzheimer’s it is education
developing Alzheimer’s it is education
developing Alzheimer’s it is education so the higher you are educated the less
so the higher you are educated the less
so the higher you are educated the less chances you’ll have to develop Alzheimer
chances you’ll have to develop Alzheimer
chances you’ll have to develop Alzheimer but we know that women worldwide
but we know that women worldwide
but we know that women worldwide received a lower education in general
received a lower education in general
received a lower education in general than men right so what if the reason
than men right so what if the reason
than men right so what if the reason might be just that another possible
might be just that another possible
might be just that another possible reason why we don’t know it could be
reason why we don’t know it could be
reason why we don’t know it could be that we have never looked carefully to
that we have never looked carefully to
that we have never looked carefully to differences in symptoms of diseases
differences in symptoms of diseases
differences in symptoms of diseases between men and women finally women are
between men and women finally women are
between men and women finally women are very often underrepresented in clinical
very often underrepresented in clinical
very often underrepresented in clinical trials above all in the initial phases
trials above all in the initial phases
trials above all in the initial phases of when a drug has to be developed to
of when a drug has to be developed to
of when a drug has to be developed to understand how it works in our body so
understand how it works in our body so
understand how it works in our body so set all this back to Sophia I’m not sure
set all this back to Sophia I’m not sure
set all this back to Sophia I’m not sure that once Sophia will learn all this she
that once Sophia will learn all this she
that once Sophia will learn all this she might still want to consider herself as
might still want to consider herself as
might still want to consider herself as a woman and being perceived yourself as
a woman and being perceived yourself as
a woman and being perceived yourself as a woman
a woman
a woman I hope nevertheless that Sophia will
I hope nevertheless that Sophia will
I hope nevertheless that Sophia will join in forces with us humans in trying
join in forces with us humans in trying
join in forces with us humans in trying to understand
to understand
to understand why this is happening and trying to find
why this is happening and trying to find
why this is happening and trying to find a cure we were recently you might have
a cure we were recently you might have
a cure we were recently you might have read it on the press it was everywhere
read it on the press it was everywhere
read it on the press it was everywhere that artificial intelligence is capable
that artificial intelligence is capable
that artificial intelligence is capable of predicting the onset of Alzheimer
of predicting the onset of Alzheimer
of predicting the onset of Alzheimer disease several years before we doctors
disease several years before we doctors
disease several years before we doctors can do so I hope that once the human
can do so I hope that once the human
can do so I hope that once the human limits are reached then the superpower
limits are reached then the superpower
limits are reached then the superpower of artificial intelligence will just
of artificial intelligence will just
of artificial intelligence will just join in and take over thank you
join in and take over thank you
join in and take over thank you [Applause]
”
Be First to Comment