I will not hide you now it can not motion
even if I’m happy to be here
today to tell you something about mine
work I do invite biologist and
I will spend the next minutes of this
our chat what to look for
to discredit a bit the sentences are written
over there that identify and mine
work solves problems that you do not
you know you have the ways that you do not
you can understand that it’s a sentence
certainly quite nice but that
it is a bit of a defeat among researchers
that wants to tell you what with
passion does every day
I am a microbiologist and in particular
I’m dealing with the study of bacteria
which can give rise to infections
in man they are more banal infections
like sore throat more severe infections
such as bacterial meningitis him
I mainly do studying one
particular phenomenon is that of the
antibiotic resistance that is that
phenomenon for which bacteria have the
ability some bacteria to survive
multiply even in the presence of the
antibiotic drug is that phenomenon for
which when is a urinary infection
they take the antibiotic less antibiotic
manages to kill the microorganism that
it infects me because localism resists e
or in fact I do not heal this is a
phenomenon that until some time ago
it was studied with some workers
niche with some subscale of
some microbiology lab
Clinic g brand is there in some way
exploded in his hands and we find ourselves
globally
you can imagine that when they were
introduced on the market but do not go to
antibiotics we are about half of the
last century
this represented a real one
revolution in the medical field because
those infections that until the day
before they were not curable from the moment in
then they became easily treatable
this has clearly brought a big one
gust of optimism
within the medical field and a lot
optimism so much enthusiasm has brought
that some researchers have gathered
world famous and in 1966 did
this prediction and delivered to the
magazine time said that within the year i
two soldiers were practically safe
that thanks to all the antibiotics
infectious diseases would have been in
some way to eradicate
here is probably to the timer a blackberry
long because in the year 2000 they published
this
sure but remembering this of
this prediction the revenge of the
killer bacteria
we are losing the battle with three
infectious diseases
unfortunately the answer is yes and the
situation is worse than that
that was identified in this
article
at the beginning of 2000 we are losing
this battle and the resistances of
antibiotics are now a phenomenon
global that is found all over the world
but they do not attack the various nations
various territories in the same way
look at this special ranking of
how frequent is resistance to
antibiotics in the various countries of the
European community that we can define
a little enlarged in this ranking
the longest green bars are the bars
green and the situation is worse
look where we are we are at the third
place and we are on the podium worse than us
they are only greece and turkey
means that resistance to
antibiotics is an important phenomenon
global that includes the whole world but
holds some states and unfortunately we are there
even among these the problem is
particularly serious is particularly
important and this is because it is serious
serious because antibiotics because
clearly the infections that now that
today they seem so easily
figures will not be eradicable
they will be infections that will come back to
be deadly
and then because the antibiotic you imagine
and it must be that it can be used
not just to treat infections but
also to prevent infections
this also means interventions
surgical we consider as
routine interventions like a birth
caesarean section or an appendectomy not
will be the last but will come back to
be interventions at the divided risk
because we will have nothing left with which
deal with infections
that can derive there will be the one that
he is called by the head of the world
health organization the return to the era
pre antibiotic and the end of modern
medicine as we know it
clearly this phenomenon is like this
important that already hundreds are doing
of the dead, about 700 thousand people are watched
it is estimated that they die every year due
of the existence of antibiotics 3000
only in Italy and the forecasts
unfortunately, a report is even worse
of the British government tells us that in 2050
if we do not take initiatives
important to combat resistance
at antibiotics the dead every year will be
10 million antibiotic resistance
it will be first because of death in the world
more than cancer ten times more than
car accidents and then the
question at this point is because we are
ended up in this situation because the
situation got out of hand
the problem is obviously multifactorial
it can not be somehow
trivialized, however, surely there is a
special suspect that is that of the
soprano service of the antibiotic
we considered the antibiotic like
something taken for granted as something that
we always had available
started using it without asking
what could the consequences be
and then the first guilty the
windwardness of the antibiotic in the field
of human medicine look at these
data are American data two people on
three take an antibiotic for
respiratory infection without verne
that really needs is the classic
the medical prescription forgive me
term a little at random is Veneto
written an antibiotic the patient
takes but maybe a viral infection
for the pole the antibiotic has no
efficacy the antibiotic fights bacteria
but it does not fight viruses
however, there is not only the doctor who
perhaps prescribes the drug without us
is a real necessity there is something that
we can do too
I’ll give you an example and see if there
recognize in this example
you have a urinary infection go
from your doctor the doctor who
rightly prescribes an antibiotic then
go back home take the first pill
of antibiotic take the second and
as the antibiotic works
it is actually really effective afterwards
the second genus administration i
symptoms this should not happen
the symptoms are completely gone
what happens when the
symptomatology of disappears c montana
pulls when the symptoms in some
way of disappearing one thing happens
particular the symptoms
this and the antibiotic does not resist
thanks sorry when you got the
second dose of antibiotic what
happens that the symptomatology
generally it disappears that the antibiotic
when a weapon actually works
very important and effective however that
what remains there remains a bit of
tiredness a bit of nausea a bit of mal
of the belly you will remain those that are
the side effects of the antibiotic
then generally what we do
we stop the antibiotic treatment
we take our scale of the
antibiotics we put it in the cabinet
above where we keep all the medicines
except then remember that this part
the antibiotic is always there when we have
some other symptom that makes us think
to have some infection some
bacterial infection by now we remember
that there was that half box
started let’s go to our locker
take this box we finish
the antibiotic without consulting the first
doctor or worse we take
the jubilant biotic we pay to our
relative to our friend because I can
use when it feels most appropriate
we are on using the antibiotic
we are eating antibiotics
of which we do not need what we are
using an antibiotic completely
at random it is unfortunately the problem is not
only linked to medicine
use it to his little brother
of the antibiotic in human medicine
think that in the United States 70 per
one hundred of the antibiotics that come
products are used for
breeding for what reason why
when we give antibiotics to
our animals that we breed these
they become beautiful, plump, beautiful
robust beautiful strong in no time
they are very powerful factors of
growth and even when the antibiotic
It can not be used as the
growth factor as it happens in
some countries for example even if from
a few years in the European community
the antibiotic can be anyway
used in intensive farming a
preventive purpose
think about what happened to these mo
sheets one of these pigs takes
bacterial infection in very little
time distributes it to all
animals that are breeding
intensive
that’s why in the shepherd that is given
to feed this animal for example
inserted some antibiotic that
prevents and this because these and
infections can somehow
develop but unfortunately there is not
only this the antibiotic comes
used in fish culture for which
it is freed in our waters
the antibiotic that uses the function
antifungal anticryptogamics
in agriculture
what does all this mean?
it means that we are every day
freeing tons and tons of
antibiotic in our ecosystem in
our environment and this produces that
which in technical terms is called
a selective pressure that kills everyone
sensitive bacteria and leaves alive
those resistant
that’s why we find ourselves with i
resistant bacteria also in ours
infections that surely arrived for
at the moment we have to look
in the eye, that ice in the eyes and
begin to intervene in a manner
very important we must certainly study
to discover new antibiotics but
we must also try to learn to
properly use those already
we have available to do this
we have to study the transmission routes
of the antibiotic resistance to look for
to block them we must improve that
who had diagnostics to try to
be more effective than installments in the
our infectious diseases
but we must also grow
cultural cultural growth there
must lead to understand how it should be used
antibiotic we must stop
use an antibiotic in the
intensive breeding
we have to grow medical category
why to write antibiotics in
more careful way
but we must also remind ourselves that
when we take an antibiotic
this drug and we do not assume is not a
something that only affects us
and how can it be a drug that the
pressure but in something that effect
even on all those around us
just doing this cultural leap
we could somehow manage to put
in progress of the national interventions
or even international ones that allow us
to limit and defeat
the antibiotic resistance
Thank you
[Music]
thank you for the frills I had
said it was a bit disturbing then
the antibiotic we can consider it as
a social drug I even wanted you
ask one thing for bacteria there are
many no different species of bacteria have
the possibility of passing by
information on resistance to
antibiotics
sure this would get worse
further the situation
this is a very important point is one
the explanations for which the bacteria
they manage to become so easily
antibiotic-resistant bacteria
they have this bad habit of
exchanging fragments of DNA are able to
do it very quickly and they do it
even in those they are incubators
as natural as ours can be
intestine where dozens of species live
different bacteria exchanging this
genetic information are able to
that information is also exchanged
of antibiotic resistance that
so it does not spread only we are there
vertically from the mother cell
I see my daughter but she can too
move from contemporary bacteria
also of different species and this makes
everything is much more complicated
[Music]
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