years 4 I was immortal
years I was careless for I did not know about
future death for I did not know that my grandfather
not forever washed away the marshak
Well there are more than four present
years, so I’ll just remind you one
sad thing is that we all die and in general
then this is not very fond of thinking and
I have to speak, but I really have to
it’s nothing to worry about just this miracle
who enjoy life as a biologist
well know it comes in the kit
with death
And if we think about it, we all have
there is some probability of wrong not
to live next year here if it is fair
something can look at things
It can happen that a brick falls on the head
can get under the car you can get sick
any disease will not heal
something can happen is quite possible
count here if we build a graph and
postpone the age of a person and in general
this probability of death we will see
exponential growth is the probability
growing exponentially, she says the word god
fairly small young and medium
age is new for those who are 8 for 85 he
reaches already monstrous tens
percent this is because in
We are constantly in concert and
gradual weakening of vital functions
we always become worse this in itself
itself is not very pleasant, but this and most
the main consequence is the likelihood
of death
here is the fact that we as living beings
there is this graph means that people
Well, I’m probably not aging.
said nothing about this new
just remind
I see a lot of young people here
fine but unfortunately we are with you this
too, because if we
let’s look at this part of the graph then
here is even a sad exhibitor but
this column is me 44 years old and mine
probability of not surviving to the next
birth is already 10 times more than
it was when I entered the angle
it’s generally a little worried though I
I feel absolutely young healthy
man as it is not at all correct
Well, people have put up with it, we think
that aging is natural and
the inevitable process is well, what is natural
again as a biologist I categorically
I agree well, that’s the question that I would like
you ask and why on earth it is inevitable
here is my goal today to bury you
Such doubts were inevitably
the process did not take with him to do something, I
and the large groups in which I participate we
we think that it is possible but because
consider aging not as
the result of the accumulation of small errors
breakdown as a special biological
program that is embedded in us
nature
that is, it is a genetic program
being in our genome
so we did not live too long too
happy it is made for acceleration
Evolution of evolution is much easier with us
work for natural selection if we
we will be a little bit
weaker then easier in to speak small
common signs are useful for the evolution and
In this our fundamental difference from
photo mechanism alex comfort known
gerontologist philosopher as never said
I will believe that the horse and cart grow old
equally fine breakages do not age
carts we are still from them
different
Well, to finally convince you
the correctness of this approach I have for you
I will demonstrate our rather close
A relative is also a mammal
the rodent who has this program
disconnected please love and pay this
naked diggers
African rodent and mouse relatives
which are stunning evolutionary on
avatar they invented such that it is not
forgot no other mammal is this
and in social animals we are quasi with you
socially we have pripret and couples
we can survive and these can only live
My anthill like ants and bees and
gives the colossal security of the
the main part of the queen’s anthill and
husbands who alone and they are important for
Evolution so that this friend further
so much evolving is not necessary and
they can afford
disable aging remember sad
schedule for an exhibitor for a person
The rarest case for this animal
built this schedule they were caught in
Africa began to observe how much they live
proceeding and one of the size of this squad
which relate should not live two three
four years have passed four years 5
10 15 they all did not die the most important thing
that this schedule
is the direct line of their probability of death
It does not increase with age, according to
Determination of evidence that this is
Do not age the creature and our loved ones
relatives login us different
percent on the 10th floor are mammals and
even understand how he did it, see
Here are the naked diggers here are those
ageless creature and it’s not naked
excavator is a newborn baby
overly close relatives of excavator
stopped his individual development
at the stage of a newborn baby
child and also just like right on the
he does not live to see does not reach
at the stage when they need to start
to grow old so he is not old and arises
A reasonable question or can we do
the same thing, of course, not with the help of
evolution as it made the earth soot
took a million years and with the help of
technology of science and technology
I believe that we can do this
do but there is a need
for this aging program that
will suggest a reasonable network
mechanism, again and with a view to
It’s a mechanism to try and break it.
absolutely wonderful for a biologist
The task of creating nothing new is still not
able in biology too in engineering
sense too young science but
we are already getting a little at it
If we break this program then we
lose 1 property of living beings
stop aging so that’s how it can
to be arranged is not so simple a problem
But here it fits well and slowly
I will give poisoning if we want ourselves
kill something you need a small dose of poison somewhere
synthesize and gradually this is very
similar to aging and how the accumulation
arsenic for example and really we
synthesize many different poisons and one of
they have long been associated with scientists
they are called free
radicals and even tried them
fight James Bond little quote
new job james to home no they
ampy must free himself from free
radicals take care of yourself
this is honest straight james text
Bond 83 Never Say Never
with whom he was going to fight very
simple connections here is the most
common radical
to collect somehow radical active forms
oxygen is the result of a very
a simple reaction in oxygen which we
live with him just joins one
electron and it turns terrible poison here
this thing is worn all over the cage
oxidizes everything that will find lipid proteins of DNA
introduces mutations that is already very
long ago super oxides
radical associated with aging is very
Good candidates for here is slow
poisoning but in principle has long been
they are known as I said and with him
tried to fight James Bond
and other antioxidants
success was not achieved
why because the radicals are different
they are formed in different parts of the cell
for example, they can form on
external membrane of immune cells and on
This is our immunity and on this
poison we bombard them with cancer pathogens
cells can not live without them
so antioxidants often carry
negative effect on the body but they
are formed and elsewhere inside
cells have special bodies
called mitochondria and which, too
synthesizes free radicals and that
very suspicious for these radicals
no useful functions yet
It is even more suspicious that
than we are older the more this one
subversive activities are mitochondria
the more they synthesize radicals and
This is already a direct candidate for
be not the main driver of aging
but that’s some important player that this
for the mitochondria, I’m absolutely amazing
part of the cell with which we breathe
here nutrients are oxidized
oxygen and stores energy so here
it was a great mystery of biology 20
century and how they do it all looked for
some enzyme some kind of reaction is not
could find
solved the riddle here these two brilliant
biologist
Peter Mechel Englishman suggested that
there is simply no such enzyme
mitochondria use its membrane in
the form of a capacitor transforming energy
nutrients beginning in
electricity and then this
electric ver ruetsya chemical
energy that we need
it really seemed so and
It proved it was not in England then
shaft proved in the young group
Soviet biochemist vladimir skulachev
in Moscow University as a result of
for the correct hypothesis
Mechel received the Nobel Prize Vadim
Petrovich and his co-authors of the state
premium ussr and you found out
indeed in the mitochondria there is
a huge negative charge is
unity is a negatively charged place in
cell now we use it
American biochemist David Green was so
amazed by the methods of proof
But from that there is no electricity
particles with the help of which it was proved
called ions of the skulachev
here let’s start the video now we
let ‘s see what we are talking about
see if we take any
yong thus e.g. sodium ion
our common body it
water is dissolved in water as we know it
dipole
and there on oxygen formed a small
negative charge, respectively, i on
3 is positively charged and water forms in
around him such a fur coat is just that the cons
is attracted to the plus
normal ions in hydrated water
dressed as a fur coat as a result of
fatty hydrophobic membranes
There is no membrane repulsion
stuck with water and here it does not miss
that’s why
standard sodium and potassium ions
which are our body to them
it is forbidden to go through membranes
even if you really want to eat them
do you understand the negative charge on
the other side they are positive on this
actually based on life but its own
work at the end
early 70-ies late 60’s vadim
petrovich use other ions in
which is not a positive charge
on one atom, a is distributed over many
Atoms for this large
result in each separate place
The charge is small and a and it is not enough to
to hook a molecule of water here are such ions
they can not wear fur and water in
The result is they see somewhere
the membrane on the other side does not see
The negative charge does not prevent them
go through this membrane
just in the direction of the electric
field conditionally a ghost so it was
it is proved that inside the mitochondria there is
electricity and at the same time I myself saw this
article vadim petrovich wrote that there is
sometime someone will need something
deliver to the mitochondria
and put a payload on them and
will you be happy
a substance that is uniquely
The accuracy of the bottom on the subway will be in
the only place in the cage in
mitochondria, what is the only thing
negatively charged place and we
synthesized such a substance and around
He built a huge project on
this is the largest amount of medical
the project of our country is headed by him
academician skulachev
my father, well, I’m doing all the hard work
and with the help of another hundred of our
staff was a grain sieve substance in
who was taken to his wife by the skulacheva
the most powerful antioxidant is attached
who could come up and receive
connection with both
one is the same James bond that
address should intercept free
radicals in the mitochondria and that
Of course , we started with
experiments on animals when animals
they grow old, they start to hurt the most
different painfully and even it is possible
to accelerate a little heart attack
neurodegenerative diseases
inflammatory autoimmune diseases
rheumatoid arthritis osteoporosis disorder
development of bones reproductive disorders
functions of eye diseases
aging of the skin is all these signs in the
or to some extent their development
stopped or even had to contact
with 5 with help and jumping
It was necessary to slow down and it is unlikely that we took
chance were the golden bullet which
cures all the diseases there is no it because it is
the substance really does the acting
the cause of these painfully slows down
aging
Well, not to be unfounded show
Here are some examples of it in the old mouse
they are bent from osteoporosis
the spine is usually such a hunchback
Foss called this can be measured
just by the size of the angle, the curvature is
this angle was much smaller if the mouse
drinking water and jumping it
thousand reliable score on accounts
or you can take the date rats flash light
into the eye
to see the electric answer is young
rat perfectly sees if Cressi two
year the answer disappears electricity does not
if it is detected rat and took
the jumping eye continues to see it’s seen
by electric signal and these mice
lived longer
curves survive and in the end they
just looked different like that
normal old mouse this line of water
630 days it’s fast I
hunched and all unpleasant aging
at no and this is a twin sister of that
same age and the same litter but it
was taken as
but just looks different, but inside
tens of signs of aging are slowed down
there is one sad statistics if
the substance worked on mice on
laboratory animals it works
then in clinical studies at
person with a probability of about three
percent on mice we are biologists already
long ago defeated all the diseases well
except for aging can be but here we have
not everything is so bad because all the same we
We have been working for more than 10 years and some
our preparations based on what already
brought to the man successfully passed
clinical traces on eye drops for
treatment of certain age-related ophthalmic
diseases
they are already registered in our country
is registered .
good demand is our cosmetics from some
defined functional
aging parameters also slows down
Well, of course the most interesting as there with
aging of the whole organism and here we are already
moved very far, we started
Clinically,
man our first drug for admission
the first phase of clinical
studies so far only
security but we are ready to move
further and then out of order advertising again
these drugs are an example of that
that we are moving while our hypothesis
is confirmed
but what does this mean
I would ask the most quoted
biologist from those who work in Russia
there is this microphone I came across
just dad
[music]
academician skulachev
I will be extremely careful with expressions and
I will try not to take up your time I
only say one thing when a person
reaches the state
desires
an irresistible desire to do something
invent that in the end it is this
invents and forgot the plane
submarine and took flights
space and, unfortunately, prevailed
for a very long time and now she still
dominant and generally dissidents
complete in this case the idea that
aging is inevitable, we believe that
aging
invented evolution before death from
old age was not then I invented
evolution and here we are because of this old
naked excavator is an example of what can
be mammals that do not age
or rather, not even so which does not
dying of old age can be some kind of
star sky bar manifestation there and again not
dying of old age and now the task
the abolition of aging has become purely technical
tasks that are those that I think
a person must decide in general my forecast
the old man left us well here 10-20 years
so here ‘s something and then it’s either
will be very heavily dismissed
in time if the calculation is up to 700 years but I
I would not want to take it to one’s own account .
you’ll get bored here, but nevertheless
essential and prolongation of a healthy life
namely a healthy life because aging
I feared not only that but we are dying
or the fact that it is humiliating and conditionally
it seems absolutely not escape the disease
can treat Stalin is not history can not
to read to them here is just this we do not
agree and sum up
we believe that in the club of the ageless
mammals in which there is already a naked
excavator
Soon she will appear a new member of homo
sapiens
[applause]
”
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