we are social creatures go to a friend tried to be her to build a bridge across
tried to be her to build a bridge across
tried to be her to build a bridge across the agora to cross river or
the agora to cross river or
the agora to cross river or philosophizing the agora we heard in the
philosophizing the agora we heard in the
philosophizing the agora we heard in the conversations about the world around us
conversations about the world around us
conversations about the world around us about ourselves
about ourselves
about ourselves the monkey station is the most common
the monkey station is the most common
the monkey station is the most common medium through which we communicate with
medium through which we communicate with
medium through which we communicate with each other in this I will be speaking to
each other in this I will be speaking to
each other in this I will be speaking to you about conversation a few months ago
you about conversation a few months ago
you about conversation a few months ago as I was in the cafeteria here at Qwest
as I was in the cafeteria here at Qwest
as I was in the cafeteria here at Qwest I overheard a conversation between two
I overheard a conversation between two
I overheard a conversation between two of my friends they were arguing about
of my friends they were arguing about
of my friends they were arguing about whether or not some specific policy of
whether or not some specific policy of
whether or not some specific policy of the American government was good for
the American government was good for
the American government was good for back beam questions they’re both
back beam questions they’re both
back beam questions they’re both relatively educated intelligent people
relatively educated intelligent people
relatively educated intelligent people and so they only presented their
and so they only presented their
and so they only presented their arguments for and against and began
arguments for and against and began
arguments for and against and began evaluating and disagreeing with the
evaluating and disagreeing with the
evaluating and disagreeing with the other’s argument even though they both
other’s argument even though they both
other’s argument even though they both listened to the other person they still
listened to the other person they still
listened to the other person they still disagree to the argument they thought
disagree to the argument they thought
disagree to the argument they thought the other person’s argument didn’t work
the other person’s argument didn’t work
the other person’s argument didn’t work I watched the conversation complete
I watched the conversation complete
I watched the conversation complete spiral out of control surely it would
spiral out of control surely it would
spiral out of control surely it would seem to think if my friend just
seem to think if my friend just
seem to think if my friend just understood what I was saying he would
understood what I was saying he would
understood what I was saying he would see the reasoning behind my argument and
see the reasoning behind my argument and
see the reasoning behind my argument and agree with me needless to say his
agree with me needless to say his
agree with me needless to say his conversation didn’t go as I there so I
conversation didn’t go as I there so I
conversation didn’t go as I there so I walked in it they both felt very sadly
walked in it they both felt very sadly
walked in it they both felt very sadly this is not an isolated incidents I’ve
this is not an isolated incidents I’ve
this is not an isolated incidents I’ve seen many frustrating conversations
seen many frustrating conversations
seen many frustrating conversations personally involved in many more I
personally involved in many more I
personally involved in many more I imagine we all have please raise your
imagine we all have please raise your
imagine we all have please raise your hand if you’ve ever been a frustrating
hand if you’ve ever been a frustrating
hand if you’ve ever been a frustrating conversation yeah pretty much everyone
conversation yeah pretty much everyone
conversation yeah pretty much everyone it’s a common problem and it sucks it
it’s a common problem and it sucks it
it’s a common problem and it sucks it feels like those people in the cafeteria
feels like those people in the cafeteria
feels like those people in the cafeteria conversation though you feel under and
conversation though you feel under and
conversation though you feel under and people just harass what you were saying
people just harass what you were saying
people just harass what you were saying they would see your reasoning and agree
they would see your reasoning and agree
they would see your reasoning and agree with you after games are far too many
with you after games are far too many
with you after games are far too many frustrating conversations I decided I
frustrating conversations I decided I
frustrating conversations I decided I could do better
could do better
could do better his 10x clock is part of my a particular
his 10x clock is part of my a particular
his 10x clock is part of my a particular the focus of the talk have better
the focus of the talk have better
the focus of the talk have better conversations specifically I’m gonna be
conversations specifically I’m gonna be
conversations specifically I’m gonna be talking to you about conversations at
talking to you about conversations at
talking to you about conversations at the cafeteria conversation furnace well
the cafeteria conversation furnace well
the cafeteria conversation furnace well attended one in which both parties are
attended one in which both parties are
attended one in which both parties are seeking to understand issue or an idea
seeking to understand issue or an idea
seeking to understand issue or an idea better than they did before it often
better than they did before it often
better than they did before it often this takes the form of providing
this takes the form of providing
this takes the form of providing arguments for one side of an issue or
arguments for one side of an issue or
arguments for one side of an issue or another and then evaluating the
another and then evaluating the
another and then evaluating the arguments to see what works this is
arguments to see what works this is
arguments to see what works this is obviously different from other kinds of
obviously different from other kinds of
obviously different from other kinds of conversations such as conversations
conversations such as conversations
conversations such as conversations there is fun and playful or
there is fun and playful or
there is fun and playful or conversations in which you’re trying to
conversations in which you’re trying to
conversations in which you’re trying to blow off steam to a friend for the
blow off steam to a friend for the
blow off steam to a friend for the person of this talk I will be focusing
person of this talk I will be focusing
person of this talk I will be focusing on some secret conversations ultimately
on some secret conversations ultimately
on some secret conversations ultimately then the goal of introducing the
then the goal of introducing the
then the goal of introducing the conversation is for all parties to
conversation is for all parties to
conversation is for all parties to become better person idea or subject and
become better person idea or subject and
become better person idea or subject and serving civil and in good spirits
serving civil and in good spirits
serving civil and in good spirits conversation to achieve this goal have a
conversation to achieve this goal have a
conversation to achieve this goal have a loosely call good warez conversations
loosely call good warez conversations
loosely call good warez conversations which people get frustrated or little to
which people get frustrated or little to
which people get frustrated or little to no progress is made on understanding
no progress is made on understanding
no progress is made on understanding issue
issue
issue I will loosely call back the FedEx event
I will loosely call back the FedEx event
I will loosely call back the FedEx event is questioning the norm
is questioning the norm
is questioning the norm if the normos bad conversations which
if the normos bad conversations which
if the normos bad conversations which unfortunately it seems to be what can we
unfortunately it seems to be what can we
unfortunately it seems to be what can we do about them this is clearly an
do about them this is clearly an
do about them this is clearly an important problem that conversations
important problem that conversations
important problem that conversations have bad consequences
have bad consequences
have bad consequences that conversations can lead to issue
that conversations can lead to issue
that conversations can lead to issue between friends one in a discussion you
between friends one in a discussion you
between friends one in a discussion you don’t feel hurt or appreciatively bad
don’t feel hurt or appreciatively bad
don’t feel hurt or appreciatively bad conversations coming to the litical
conversations coming to the litical
conversations coming to the litical issues when people at different side of
issues when people at different side of
issues when people at different side of an issue are unable to come to an
an issue are unable to come to an
an issue are unable to come to an agreement it has been
agreement it has been
agreement it has been common ground who wish to converse and
common ground who wish to converse and
common ground who wish to converse and that conversation is finding 10 action
that conversation is finding 10 action
that conversation is finding 10 action when groups of people are unable to
when groups of people are unable to
when groups of people are unable to decide what to do most simply absolutely
decide what to do most simply absolutely
decide what to do most simply absolutely secret conversations don’t achieve their
secret conversations don’t achieve their
secret conversations don’t achieve their goal what is the point in trying to have
goal what is the point in trying to have
goal what is the point in trying to have a transient conversation if know what
a transient conversation if know what
a transient conversation if know what you’re seeking is taking place so the
you’re seeking is taking place so the
you’re seeking is taking place so the question becomes how can you have fewer
question becomes how can you have fewer
question becomes how can you have fewer bad conversations and more good
bad conversations and more good
bad conversations and more good conversations
conversations
conversations the answer is acquits you today is
the answer is acquits you today is
the answer is acquits you today is logical my thesis is a better
logical my thesis is a better
logical my thesis is a better understanding of logic in up us have
understanding of logic in up us have
understanding of logic in up us have better conversations logic is something
better conversations logic is something
better conversations logic is something that is familiar to most of us in formal
that is familiar to most of us in formal
that is familiar to most of us in formal casual way but there is an entire field
casual way but there is an entire field
casual way but there is an entire field of study devoted strictly speaking logic
of study devoted strictly speaking logic
of study devoted strictly speaking logic is the study of arguments it lets you
is the study of arguments it lets you
is the study of arguments it lets you ask to answer questions like does the
ask to answer questions like does the
ask to answer questions like does the certain twerk in what situations in sari
certain twerk in what situations in sari
certain twerk in what situations in sari does the certain fall apart and how can
does the certain fall apart and how can
does the certain fall apart and how can I make this argument stronger this helps
I make this argument stronger this helps
I make this argument stronger this helps clarify things who wish it behind the
clarify things who wish it behind the
clarify things who wish it behind the idea that logic and others have better
idea that logic and others have better
idea that logic and others have better conversations logic consists of tool to
conversations logic consists of tool to
conversations logic consists of tool to evaluate arguments and true scene
evaluate arguments and true scene
evaluate arguments and true scene conversations rely on evaluating
conversations rely on evaluating
conversations rely on evaluating arguments to turn the truth of something
arguments to turn the truth of something
arguments to turn the truth of something so where do we go from here I’m gonna
so where do we go from here I’m gonna
so where do we go from here I’m gonna talk any of two examples in this talk on
talk any of two examples in this talk on
talk any of two examples in this talk on how understanding simple closets and
how understanding simple closets and
how understanding simple closets and logic plus have better conversations
logic plus have better conversations
logic plus have better conversations specifically I look at notions have lost
specifically I look at notions have lost
specifically I look at notions have lost the validity and multiple soundness and
the validity and multiple soundness and
the validity and multiple soundness and the important distinction between the
the important distinction between the
the important distinction between the two there’s all too often missing
two there’s all too often missing
two there’s all too often missing conversations
conversations
conversations an argument is logically valid if and
an argument is logically valid if and
an argument is logically valid if and only if the conclusion necessarily
only if the conclusion necessarily
only if the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises
follows from the premises
follows from the premises thus the classic syllogism all men are
thus the classic syllogism all men are
thus the classic syllogism all men are mortal Socrates is a man therefore
mortal Socrates is a man therefore
mortal Socrates is a man therefore Socrates is mortal this circuit is valid
Socrates is mortal this circuit is valid
Socrates is mortal this circuit is valid is if we agree that a all men are mortal
is if we agree that a all men are mortal
is if we agree that a all men are mortal and B Socrates is a man then we must
and B Socrates is a man then we must
and B Socrates is a man then we must agree that some races moral
agree that some races moral
agree that some races moral however the following argument is also
however the following argument is also
however the following argument is also valid all potatoes are said to be space
valid all potatoes are said to be space
valid all potatoes are said to be space aliens my left arms and tato therefore
aliens my left arms and tato therefore
aliens my left arms and tato therefore my left arm
my left arm
my left arm space in this art is perfectly about
space in this art is perfectly about
space in this art is perfectly about because if it is indeed true that all
because if it is indeed true that all
because if it is indeed true that all potatoes are sending space aliens and my
potatoes are sending space aliens and my
potatoes are sending space aliens and my left arm is potato then it must be true
left arm is potato then it must be true
left arm is potato then it must be true to my left arm as a sentence basically
to my left arm as a sentence basically
to my left arm as a sentence basically this brings us the difference between
this brings us the difference between
this brings us the difference between validity and soundness an argument is
validity and soundness an argument is
validity and soundness an argument is logically sound if it only if it is
logically sound if it only if it is
logically sound if it only if it is valid and the premises are true
valid and the premises are true
valid and the premises are true thus presumably the argument about
thus presumably the argument about
thus presumably the argument about Socrates being mortal is worth caring
Socrates being mortal is worth caring
Socrates being mortal is worth caring about my left arm being a sentient space
about my left arm being a sentient space
about my left arm being a sentient space alien is hopefully not sound probably
alien is hopefully not sound probably
alien is hopefully not sound probably the alcohol URI argument is also sound
the alcohol URI argument is also sound
the alcohol URI argument is also sound if I give you a TEDx talk then I’m gonna
if I give you a TEDx talk then I’m gonna
if I give you a TEDx talk then I’m gonna live I am giving a TEDx talk
live I am giving a TEDx talk
live I am giving a TEDx talk therefore my left understanding validity
therefore my left understanding validity
therefore my left understanding validity can really help us in arguments in
can really help us in arguments in
can really help us in arguments in conversations if both you and the person
conversations if both you and the person
conversations if both you and the person with whom you are conversing
with whom you are conversing
with whom you are conversing understanding the minute II then you can
understanding the minute II then you can
understanding the minute II then you can both evaluate the converse it the
both evaluate the converse it the
both evaluate the converse it the arcticus Newton for that conversation
arcticus Newton for that conversation
arcticus Newton for that conversation and agree on whether or not there about
and agree on whether or not there about
and agree on whether or not there about if you both agree that they are valid
if you both agree that they are valid
if you both agree that they are valid and yet you still disagree on the
and yet you still disagree on the
and yet you still disagree on the conclusion that you disagree on the
conclusion that you disagree on the
conclusion that you disagree on the soundness of the area that is you
soundness of the area that is you
soundness of the area that is you disagree on the primitive on the
disagree on the primitive on the
disagree on the primitive on the premises an important kind of progress
premises an important kind of progress
premises an important kind of progress is up remember a primitive is a very low
is up remember a primitive is a very low
is up remember a primitive is a very low level kind of starting point is
level kind of starting point is
level kind of starting point is something that one simply takes as given
something that one simply takes as given
something that one simply takes as given without with money any kind of Gallifrey
without with money any kind of Gallifrey
without with money any kind of Gallifrey for example some people think that
for example some people think that
for example some people think that happiness is good and that this is just
happiness is good and that this is just
happiness is good and that this is just a better world if they just ate this
a better world if they just ate this
a better world if they just ate this without our even for an hour against and
without our even for an hour against and
without our even for an hour against and this is one of their primitives so if we
this is one of their primitives so if we
this is one of their primitives so if we understand primitives then we can deep
understand primitives then we can deep
understand primitives then we can deep deeper in conversations and find the
deeper in conversations and find the
deeper in conversations and find the difference between our primitives and
difference between our primitives and
difference between our primitives and those of others we can actually
those of others we can actually
those of others we can actually the real crux of the argument and thus
the real crux of the argument and thus
the real crux of the argument and thus of the conversation lies this is what
of the conversation lies this is what
of the conversation lies this is what the diagram shows though both arguments
the diagram shows though both arguments
the diagram shows though both arguments have conversation may be valid
have conversation may be valid
have conversation may be valid people have different premises to which
people have different premises to which
people have different premises to which they then they can still reasonably
they then they can still reasonably
they then they can still reasonably disagree on the conclusions I suspect
disagree on the conclusions I suspect
disagree on the conclusions I suspect that what happened in the cafeteria
that what happened in the cafeteria
that what happened in the cafeteria conversation I introduced earlier is
conversation I introduced earlier is
conversation I introduced earlier is something like this though both of the
something like this though both of the
something like this though both of the articles put forward by the parties were
articles put forward by the parties were
articles put forward by the parties were more or less valid they each have
more or less valid they each have
more or less valid they each have different premises to which they were
different premises to which they were
different premises to which they were committed and thus they disagreed on the
committed and thus they disagreed on the
committed and thus they disagreed on the conclusion but because they disagreed on
conclusion but because they disagreed on
conclusion but because they disagreed on the conclusion they thought that they
the conclusion they thought that they
the conclusion they thought that they disagreed about whether or not their
disagreed about whether or not their
disagreed about whether or not their arguments worked however if we replace
arguments worked however if we replace
arguments worked however if we replace the informal notion of whether or not an
the informal notion of whether or not an
the informal notion of whether or not an argument works with the more formal
argument works with the more formal
argument works with the more formal notions of the Lybian soundness we can
notions of the Lybian soundness we can
notions of the Lybian soundness we can see between that confusion my friends
see between that confusion my friends
see between that confusion my friends have been better versed in logic and
have been better versed in logic and
have been better versed in logic and they have applied their knowledge in the
they have applied their knowledge in the
they have applied their knowledge in the situation they would have found that
situation they would have found that
situation they would have found that even though they both valid arguments
even though they both valid arguments
even though they both valid arguments they did have different primitives to
they did have different primitives to
they did have different primitives to which they’re committed
which they’re committed
which they’re committed they disagreed on the purpose of
they disagreed on the purpose of
they disagreed on the purpose of governance thus when they disagreed
governance thus when they disagreed
governance thus when they disagreed about whether or not the specific
about whether or not the specific
about whether or not the specific American policy was good or bad they
American policy was good or bad they
American policy was good or bad they were really disagreeing about whether or
were really disagreeing about whether or
were really disagreeing about whether or not the policy fulfill the purpose that
not the policy fulfill the purpose that
not the policy fulfill the purpose that the government and because they had
the government and because they had
the government and because they had different ideas about what that was they
different ideas about what that was they
different ideas about what that was they disagree on the conclusion so we’ve seen
disagree on the conclusion so we’ve seen
disagree on the conclusion so we’ve seen at least three big pieces where better
at least three big pieces where better
at least three big pieces where better understand logic helpless and better
understand logic helpless and better
understand logic helpless and better situation conversations first understand
situation conversations first understand
situation conversations first understand it oceans of validity and soundness and
it oceans of validity and soundness and
it oceans of validity and soundness and help us understand the other various
help us understand the other various
help us understand the other various perspectives
perspectives
perspectives secondly if we dig deep and we figure
secondly if we dig deep and we figure
secondly if we dig deep and we figure that we have the same primitives that we
that we have the same primitives that we
that we have the same primitives that we should agree on the conclusion in third
should agree on the conclusion in third
should agree on the conclusion in third if we dig it in front we have different
if we dig it in front we have different
if we dig it in front we have different primitives
primitives
primitives then we’ll at least understand why we
then we’ll at least understand why we
then we’ll at least understand why we disagree and we won’t be talking past
disagree and we won’t be talking past
disagree and we won’t be talking past each other
each other
each other so we’ve seen a basic understanding of
so we’ve seen a basic understanding of
so we’ve seen a basic understanding of just two of the concepts of logic
just two of the concepts of logic
just two of the concepts of logic we have better conversations while
we have better conversations while
we have better conversations while checking out this have better personal
checking out this have better personal
checking out this have better personal conversations because when you disagree
conversations because when you disagree
conversations because when you disagree with right you can actually dig deep and
with right you can actually dig deep and
with right you can actually dig deep and figure out their primitives on and thus
figure out their primitives on and thus
figure out their primitives on and thus understand them better understanding
understand them better understanding
understand them better understanding prudence can help us have better
prudence can help us have better
prudence can help us have better political conversations because when you
political conversations because when you
political conversations because when you were arguing someone of a different
were arguing someone of a different
were arguing someone of a different political slant you can actually find
political slant you can actually find
political slant you can actually find what the different primitives are and
what the different primitives are and
what the different primitives are and stop back talking past each other but
stop back talking past each other but
stop back talking past each other but actually made to the other person
actually made to the other person
actually made to the other person finally this can lead to having other
finally this can lead to having other
finally this can lead to having other plans of action because when you
plans of action because when you
plans of action because when you understand the values of different
understand the values of different
understand the values of different parties in a conversation then you’re
parties in a conversation then you’re
parties in a conversation then you’re able to effectively create plans that
able to effectively create plans that
able to effectively create plans that help achieve common goals so I’ve given
help achieve common goals so I’ve given
help achieve common goals so I’ve given you my reasons for why I think logic
you my reasons for why I think logic
you my reasons for why I think logic will help us have better conversations
will help us have better conversations
will help us have better conversations by evaluating my argument and trying to
by evaluating my argument and trying to
by evaluating my argument and trying to decide whether or not you agree with it
decide whether or not you agree with it
decide whether or not you agree with it you are already engaging with logic
you are already engaging with logic
you are already engaging with logic logic is inescapable so let’s say you
logic is inescapable so let’s say you
logic is inescapable so let’s say you agree with me what actual concrete steps
agree with me what actual concrete steps
agree with me what actual concrete steps can you take to achieve this well first
can you take to achieve this well first
can you take to achieve this well first you can learn a little object learning
you can learn a little object learning
you can learn a little object learning logic and one of the most empowering
logic and one of the most empowering
logic and one of the most empowering experiences of my life
experiences of my life
experiences of my life in particular if you’re curious about
in particular if you’re curious about
in particular if you’re curious about this I would recommend the book of rule
this I would recommend the book of rule
this I would recommend the book of rule book for running it’s by Anthony Weston
book for running it’s by Anthony Weston
book for running it’s by Anthony Weston second you can learn not only how to
second you can learn not only how to
second you can learn not only how to recognize good arguments but also to
recognize good arguments but also to
recognize good arguments but also to recognize common these are all capable
recognize common these are all capable
recognize common these are all capable article policies and there are plenty of
article policies and there are plenty of
article policies and there are plenty of resources on the line out here finally
resources on the line out here finally
resources on the line out here finally you can challenge yourself to start
you can challenge yourself to start
you can challenge yourself to start using logic explicitly in your
using logic explicitly in your
using logic explicitly in your conversations and challenge your friends
conversations and challenge your friends
conversations and challenge your friends to do the same whether you want to have
to do the same whether you want to have
to do the same whether you want to have better conversations with your friends
better conversations with your friends
better conversations with your friends the questioning me or society as a whole
the questioning me or society as a whole
the questioning me or society as a whole you have to help create a culture that
you have to help create a culture that
you have to help create a culture that values in logic program quite raising
values in logic program quite raising
values in logic program quite raising the quality of your own conversations
the quality of your own conversations
the quality of your own conversations you can help raise the quality of all
you can help raise the quality of all
you can help raise the quality of all our conversations furthermore logic
our conversations furthermore logic
our conversations furthermore logic isn’t just a powerful tool for having
isn’t just a powerful tool for having
isn’t just a powerful tool for having conversations there can be a powerful
conversations there can be a powerful
conversations there can be a powerful tool for making your arguments about
tool for making your arguments about
tool for making your arguments about things you care about more
things you care about more
things you care about more Mayson whether you’re fighting for civil
Mayson whether you’re fighting for civil
Mayson whether you’re fighting for civil rights promoting effective environmental
rights promoting effective environmental
rights promoting effective environmental legislature we’re trying to convince
legislature we’re trying to convince
legislature we’re trying to convince your friend to vote for one candidate
your friend to vote for one candidate
your friend to vote for one candidate over another would have been useful in
over another would have been useful in
over another would have been useful in the last election then you can make sure
the last election then you can make sure
the last election then you can make sure your arguments are sound and this gives
your arguments are sound and this gives
your arguments are sound and this gives your opponents less room to attack you
your opponents less room to attack you
your opponents less room to attack you so if that’s my talk I want to say thank
so if that’s my talk I want to say thank
so if that’s my talk I want to say thank you and enjoy the other speakers and
you and enjoy the other speakers and
you and enjoy the other speakers and listen to them think about the logic
listen to them think about the logic
listen to them think about the logic underlying arias and whether or not
underlying arias and whether or not
underlying arias and whether or not you’re thank you
you’re thank you
you’re thank you [Music]
[Music]
[Music] [Applause]
”
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