cancer we all know someone has been affected by it
affected by it
affected by it someone who has it or maybe even
someone who has it or maybe even
someone who has it or maybe even unfortunately we’ve had it ourselves we
unfortunately we’ve had it ourselves we
unfortunately we’ve had it ourselves we see in every day in the media we see
see in every day in the media we see
see in every day in the media we see cures announced for cancer our Facebook
cures announced for cancer our Facebook
cures announced for cancer our Facebook feeds posts of new berries found in
feeds posts of new berries found in
feeds posts of new berries found in jungles new drugs discovered by large
jungles new drugs discovered by large
jungles new drugs discovered by large research institutes but every story of a
research institutes but every story of a
research institutes but every story of a cure for cancer has always been a
cure for cancer has always been a
cure for cancer has always been a balance of hubris and hope many a cancer
balance of hubris and hope many a cancer
balance of hubris and hope many a cancer researcher has thought that they would
researcher has thought that they would
researcher has thought that they would cure cancer but that would change the
cure cancer but that would change the
cure cancer but that would change the landscape of this disease only to be met
landscape of this disease only to be met
landscape of this disease only to be met with disappointment
with disappointment
with disappointment so let me instead tell you a story of
so let me instead tell you a story of
so let me instead tell you a story of hope but before I do I want you to keep
hope but before I do I want you to keep
hope but before I do I want you to keep in mind two things the first cancer is
in mind two things the first cancer is
in mind two things the first cancer is not a homogeneous disease by this I mean
not a homogeneous disease by this I mean
not a homogeneous disease by this I mean that cancers are very different from one
that cancers are very different from one
that cancers are very different from one another for what causes them to the
another for what causes them to the
another for what causes them to the physical appearance of how they look the
physical appearance of how they look the
physical appearance of how they look the mutations in their DNA and this respect
mutations in their DNA and this respect
mutations in their DNA and this respect all cancers are different like all of
all cancers are different like all of
all cancers are different like all of you are different some of you might like
you are different some of you might like
you are different some of you might like rugby some of you might like hockey some
rugby some of you might like hockey some
rugby some of you might like hockey some of you might collect Harry Potter
of you might collect Harry Potter
of you might collect Harry Potter paraphernalia to each their own and this
paraphernalia to each their own and this
paraphernalia to each their own and this is why finding a universal cure a magic
is why finding a universal cure a magic
is why finding a universal cure a magic bullet that cures all cancers has been
bullet that cures all cancers has been
bullet that cures all cancers has been so difficult but you all have some
so difficult but you all have some
so difficult but you all have some things in common some of you have the
things in common some of you have the
things in common some of you have the same eye color the same hair color and
same eye color the same hair color and
same eye color the same hair color and that brings me the second thing that I’d
that brings me the second thing that I’d
that brings me the second thing that I’d like you to keep in mind and that is a
like you to keep in mind and that is a
like you to keep in mind and that is a quote from the father of pathology
quote from the father of pathology
quote from the father of pathology rudolf victor off and the 1800s which
rudolf victor off and the 1800s which
rudolf victor off and the 1800s which was ominous cellular acellular which
was ominous cellular acellular which
was ominous cellular acellular which means all cells from cells it seems
means all cells from cells it seems
means all cells from cells it seems obvious to us now that every cell
obvious to us now that every cell
obvious to us now that every cell originated from another after all each
originated from another after all each
originated from another after all each of us were once a single cell and now we
of us were once a single cell and now we
of us were once a single cell and now we are made of trillions of them and this
are made of trillions of them and this
are made of trillions of them and this holds true inside of tumors tumor cells
holds true inside of tumors tumor cells
holds true inside of tumors tumor cells do come from existing other tumor cells
do come from existing other tumor cells
do come from existing other tumor cells however if you go back from division to
however if you go back from division to
however if you go back from division to division to division you start with a
division to division you start with a
division to division you start with a healthy cell one of your own
healthy cell one of your own
healthy cell one of your own it eventually changes becomes cancerous
it eventually changes becomes cancerous
it eventually changes becomes cancerous and is ultimate betrayal of your own
and is ultimate betrayal of your own
and is ultimate betrayal of your own body what can cause a healthy cell
body what can cause a healthy cell
body what can cause a healthy cell become a cancer 1 this was something I
become a cancer 1 this was something I
become a cancer 1 this was something I worked on while I was at the University
worked on while I was at the University
worked on while I was at the University of Queensland studying the tumor genesis
of Queensland studying the tumor genesis
of Queensland studying the tumor genesis of breast cancer that is how do these
of breast cancer that is how do these
of breast cancer that is how do these tumors form we were looking at a pathway
tumors form we were looking at a pathway
tumors form we were looking at a pathway involved in how cells grow into hollow
involved in how cells grow into hollow
involved in how cells grow into hollow long structures these structures are
long structures these structures are
long structures these structures are critical in the kidney for filtering
critical in the kidney for filtering
critical in the kidney for filtering your blood they’re important in mammary
your blood they’re important in mammary
your blood they’re important in mammary glands and breasts we found that if this
glands and breasts we found that if this
glands and breasts we found that if this pathway was disrupted instead of growing
pathway was disrupted instead of growing
pathway was disrupted instead of growing out long and nice they grew into the
out long and nice they grew into the
out long and nice they grew into the empty space outward in every direction
empty space outward in every direction
empty space outward in every direction forming tumors but as I’ve kind of
forming tumors but as I’ve kind of
forming tumors but as I’ve kind of hinted at tumors aren’t created equally
hinted at tumors aren’t created equally
hinted at tumors aren’t created equally some are more aggressive some of sorts
some are more aggressive some of sorts
some are more aggressive some of sorts you can think of these sorts as being
you can think of these sorts as being
you can think of these sorts as being changes that make them more resilient
changes that make them more resilient
changes that make them more resilient grow faster and be more aggressive so
grow faster and be more aggressive so
grow faster and be more aggressive so what can make a normal low-grade tumor
what can make a normal low-grade tumor
what can make a normal low-grade tumor become a high-grade one this was
become a high-grade one this was
become a high-grade one this was something I was working on well as at
something I was working on well as at
something I was working on well as at the Hospital for Sick Children in
the Hospital for Sick Children in
the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto Canada I was looking at the
Toronto Canada I was looking at the
Toronto Canada I was looking at the epigenetics of cancer
epigenetics of cancer
epigenetics of cancer not so much which genes get mutated but
not so much which genes get mutated but
not so much which genes get mutated but the difference in how these genes are
the difference in how these genes are
the difference in how these genes are expressed for example if you take a cell
expressed for example if you take a cell
expressed for example if you take a cell for your pancreas and a cell from your
for your pancreas and a cell from your
for your pancreas and a cell from your eye they both have the same DNA but your
eye they both have the same DNA but your
eye they both have the same DNA but your eye doesn’t express insulin it’s not
eye doesn’t express insulin it’s not
eye doesn’t express insulin it’s not secreting insulin everywhere your
secreting insulin everywhere your
secreting insulin everywhere your pancreas is it’s not that the eye
pancreas is it’s not that the eye
pancreas is it’s not that the eye doesn’t have the gene for insulin it’s
doesn’t have the gene for insulin it’s
doesn’t have the gene for insulin it’s just not turned on this is true in
just not turned on this is true in
just not turned on this is true in cancer by studying which genes are
cancer by studying which genes are
cancer by studying which genes are turned on which are turned off and by
turned on which are turned off and by
turned on which are turned off and by how much
how much
how much we can look at new targets for therapy
we can look at new targets for therapy
we can look at new targets for therapy and treating high-grade sort carrying
and treating high-grade sort carrying
and treating high-grade sort carrying cancers a great example of this is for a
cancers a great example of this is for a
cancers a great example of this is for a leukemia called CML and 2001 our best
leukemia called CML and 2001 our best
leukemia called CML and 2001 our best chemotherapy agents gave CML a 5-year
chemotherapy agents gave CML a 5-year
chemotherapy agents gave CML a 5-year survival rate of only about 30% with our
survival rate of only about 30% with our
survival rate of only about 30% with our advancements and knowledge and
advancements and knowledge and
advancements and knowledge and understanding of the genetics and
understanding of the genetics and
understanding of the genetics and epigenetics of these diseases targeted
epigenetics of these diseases targeted
epigenetics of these diseases targeted gene therapies have increased the 5-year
gene therapies have increased the 5-year
gene therapies have increased the 5-year survival for CMO to 90%
survival for CMO to 90%
survival for CMO to 90% another type of cancer that has
another type of cancer that has
another type of cancer that has dramatically improved our treatment
dramatically improved our treatment
dramatically improved our treatment based on our understanding it’s breast
based on our understanding it’s breast
based on our understanding it’s breast cancer breast cancer is the most common
cancer breast cancer is the most common
cancer breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer and women in the Western
cause of cancer and women in the Western
cause of cancer and women in the Western world with a higher incidence with age
world with a higher incidence with age
world with a higher incidence with age the first approach to a disease like
the first approach to a disease like
the first approach to a disease like this is all a tumor is to cut it out
this is all a tumor is to cut it out
this is all a tumor is to cut it out surgery the goal being to cut out as
surgery the goal being to cut out as
surgery the goal being to cut out as much of the tumor as you can as we learn
much of the tumor as you can as we learn
much of the tumor as you can as we learn more about how this cancer grows how it
more about how this cancer grows how it
more about how this cancer grows how it invades the surrounding tissues we
invades the surrounding tissues we
invades the surrounding tissues we learned what was important to cut out
learned what was important to cut out
learned what was important to cut out we also learned what was safe to leave
we also learned what was safe to leave
we also learned what was safe to leave behind radiotherapy was eventually added
behind radiotherapy was eventually added
behind radiotherapy was eventually added as a treatment for this disease
as a treatment for this disease
as a treatment for this disease killing off cells that were left behind
killing off cells that were left behind
killing off cells that were left behind by surgery our understanding of genes
by surgery our understanding of genes
by surgery our understanding of genes understanding of receptors you may have
understanding of receptors you may have
understanding of receptors you may have heard of her positive breast cancer a
heard of her positive breast cancer a
heard of her positive breast cancer a surgeon positive breast cancer has led
surgeon positive breast cancer has led
surgeon positive breast cancer has led to new drugs such as Gleevec and
to new drugs such as Gleevec and
to new drugs such as Gleevec and Herceptin when you add back in all three
Herceptin when you add back in all three
Herceptin when you add back in all three of these modalities our new five-year
of these modalities our new five-year
of these modalities our new five-year survival rate for breast cancer is 90%
chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery
chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery have become the gods of the cancer
have become the gods of the cancer
have become the gods of the cancer panthan Auto treatment our go-to weapons
panthan Auto treatment our go-to weapons
panthan Auto treatment our go-to weapons for tackling these diseases but even
for tackling these diseases but even
for tackling these diseases but even they can be powerless against some of
they can be powerless against some of
they can be powerless against some of them the childhood brain tumor diffused
them the childhood brain tumor diffused
them the childhood brain tumor diffused in ponds ik pontine glioma or DIPG is
in ponds ik pontine glioma or DIPG is
in ponds ik pontine glioma or DIPG is notorious one of these chemotherapy
notorious one of these chemotherapy
notorious one of these chemotherapy agents have a hard time crossing the
agents have a hard time crossing the
agents have a hard time crossing the blood-brain barrier and the handful that
blood-brain barrier and the handful that
blood-brain barrier and the handful that do have been ineffective against this
do have been ineffective against this
do have been ineffective against this treatment surgery is often difficult to
treatment surgery is often difficult to
treatment surgery is often difficult to the location in the brain making them
the location in the brain making them
the location in the brain making them inoperable radiotherapy can actually
inoperable radiotherapy can actually
inoperable radiotherapy can actually slow the way it grows but not stop the
slow the way it grows but not stop the
slow the way it grows but not stop the growth and can not cure it the
growth and can not cure it the
growth and can not cure it the combination of this resilience to our
combination of this resilience to our
combination of this resilience to our main treatment modalities and the way it
main treatment modalities and the way it
main treatment modalities and the way it grows so aggressively has made DIPG the
grows so aggressively has made DIPG the
grows so aggressively has made DIPG the most lethal form of childhood cancer the
most lethal form of childhood cancer the
most lethal form of childhood cancer the adult cancer mesothelioma which is a
adult cancer mesothelioma which is a
adult cancer mesothelioma which is a cancer of the pleura lining of the lung
cancer of the pleura lining of the lung
cancer of the pleura lining of the lung marks commonly associated with asbestos
marks commonly associated with asbestos
marks commonly associated with asbestos exposure
exposure
exposure a unique set of challenges itself in
a unique set of challenges itself in
a unique set of challenges itself in this case radiotherapy can actually kill
this case radiotherapy can actually kill
this case radiotherapy can actually kill a tumor
a tumor
a tumor however the lungs themselves are so
however the lungs themselves are so
however the lungs themselves are so sensitive to radiotherapy that they’ll
sensitive to radiotherapy that they’ll
sensitive to radiotherapy that they’ll die before the cancer does the critical
die before the cancer does the critical
die before the cancer does the critical structures in which this disease grows
structures in which this disease grows
structures in which this disease grows around the heart and lungs makes
around the heart and lungs makes
around the heart and lungs makes operations impossible the chemotherapy
operations impossible the chemotherapy
operations impossible the chemotherapy agents we’ve been working with 20 years
agents we’ve been working with 20 years
agents we’ve been working with 20 years of our best science and clinical trials
of our best science and clinical trials
of our best science and clinical trials have only extended life by two months
have only extended life by two months
have only extended life by two months leading an average life median survival
leading an average life median survival
leading an average life median survival rate of 12 to 20 months traditional
rate of 12 to 20 months traditional
rate of 12 to 20 months traditional approaches to this diseases do not work
approaches to this diseases do not work
approaches to this diseases do not work we need to think if there could be an
we need to think if there could be an
we need to think if there could be an unconventional approach inside of all of
unconventional approach inside of all of
unconventional approach inside of all of you is a tiny microscopic autonomous
you is a tiny microscopic autonomous
you is a tiny microscopic autonomous army your immune system your immune
army your immune system your immune
army your immune system your immune system has unique ability to identify
system has unique ability to identify
system has unique ability to identify recognize and launch an assault against
recognize and launch an assault against
recognize and launch an assault against foreign pathogens like bacteria and
foreign pathogens like bacteria and
foreign pathogens like bacteria and viruses a question we’ve asked ourselves
viruses a question we’ve asked ourselves
viruses a question we’ve asked ourselves is could the immune system be used to
is could the immune system be used to
is could the immune system be used to fight cancer well let’s take a look at
fight cancer well let’s take a look at
fight cancer well let’s take a look at that healthy cell one more time this guy
that healthy cell one more time this guy
that healthy cell one more time this guy you don’t want your immune system to
you don’t want your immune system to
you don’t want your immune system to attack him if you do you get things like
attack him if you do you get things like
attack him if you do you get things like diabetes arthritis lupus I’m sure you’ve
diabetes arthritis lupus I’m sure you’ve
diabetes arthritis lupus I’m sure you’ve heard of many autoimmune diseases from
heard of many autoimmune diseases from
heard of many autoimmune diseases from house to prevent yourself from being
house to prevent yourself from being
house to prevent yourself from being attacked one way your cells do this is
attacked one way your cells do this is
attacked one way your cells do this is by loading up healthy cells with these
by loading up healthy cells with these
by loading up healthy cells with these ligands and receptors called checkpoint
ligands and receptors called checkpoint
ligands and receptors called checkpoint blockade molecules you can think of them
blockade molecules you can think of them
blockade molecules you can think of them like stop signs if the immune system
like stop signs if the immune system
like stop signs if the immune system runs into any cell that it might think
runs into any cell that it might think
runs into any cell that it might think is maybe different or misbehaving but
is maybe different or misbehaving but
is maybe different or misbehaving but it’s holding one of these stop signs it
it’s holding one of these stop signs it
it’s holding one of these stop signs it knows that ah it’s one of mine
knows that ah it’s one of mine
knows that ah it’s one of mine I want to go we cool this is this is a
I want to go we cool this is this is a
I want to go we cool this is this is a good guy but if this cell was to pick up
good guy but if this cell was to pick up
good guy but if this cell was to pick up a mutation let’s say in lung cancer from
a mutation let’s say in lung cancer from
a mutation let’s say in lung cancer from cigarette smoke and the case of melanoma
cigarette smoke and the case of melanoma
cigarette smoke and the case of melanoma perhaps from the Sun it could develop a
perhaps from the Sun it could develop a
perhaps from the Sun it could develop a deadly sword and become aggressive
deadly sword and become aggressive
deadly sword and become aggressive cancer but
cancer but
cancer but still has a stop sign this is that all
still has a stop sign this is that all
still has a stop sign this is that all cells from cells it’s still one of your
cells from cells it’s still one of your
cells from cells it’s still one of your own and the immune system sees the stop
own and the immune system sees the stop
own and the immune system sees the stop sign it sees its disguise and will not
sign it sees its disguise and will not
sign it sees its disguise and will not launch an attack to make the situation a
launch an attack to make the situation a
launch an attack to make the situation a little more complicated the immune
little more complicated the immune
little more complicated the immune system still needs to find cancer not
system still needs to find cancer not
system still needs to find cancer not just recognize it cancers are very good
just recognize it cancers are very good
just recognize it cancers are very good at developing their own little micro
at developing their own little micro
at developing their own little micro environments which stops specific types
environments which stops specific types
environments which stops specific types of immune cells from infiltrating in and
of immune cells from infiltrating in and
of immune cells from infiltrating in and actually seeing the cancer cells you can
actually seeing the cancer cells you can
actually seeing the cancer cells you can think of this like playing a big game of
think of this like playing a big game of
think of this like playing a big game of like Where’s Wally
like Where’s Wally
like Where’s Wally inside of a maze you may have heard of a
inside of a maze you may have heard of a
inside of a maze you may have heard of a new type of therapy called immunotherapy
new type of therapy called immunotherapy
new type of therapy called immunotherapy immunotherapy is a blanket term for any
immunotherapy is a blanket term for any
immunotherapy is a blanket term for any therapy that looks to utilize the immune
therapy that looks to utilize the immune
therapy that looks to utilize the immune system and accomplishing its goal in
system and accomplishing its goal in
system and accomplishing its goal in 2014 cancer immunotherapy was hailed as
2014 cancer immunotherapy was hailed as
2014 cancer immunotherapy was hailed as the breakthrough of the year by science
the breakthrough of the year by science
the breakthrough of the year by science one of the the idea that the immune
one of the the idea that the immune
one of the the idea that the immune system could respond to cancer however
system could respond to cancer however
system could respond to cancer however not a new one in the late 1890s a
not a new one in the late 1890s a
not a new one in the late 1890s a physician had a metastatic patient who
physician had a metastatic patient who
physician had a metastatic patient who responded to bacteria he went on to then
responded to bacteria he went on to then
responded to bacteria he went on to then try to treat all of his cancer patients
try to treat all of his cancer patients
try to treat all of his cancer patients with bacteria to mixed results but we
with bacteria to mixed results but we
with bacteria to mixed results but we didn’t know much about cancer back then
didn’t know much about cancer back then
didn’t know much about cancer back then and we know a lot more about the immune
and we know a lot more about the immune
and we know a lot more about the immune system today the kind of breakthroughs
system today the kind of breakthroughs
system today the kind of breakthroughs that were in this magazine article were
that were in this magazine article were
that were in this magazine article were things like taking out immune cells
things like taking out immune cells
things like taking out immune cells reprogramming them and putting them back
reprogramming them and putting them back
reprogramming them and putting them back in and the hopes that they’ll attack the
in and the hopes that they’ll attack the
in and the hopes that they’ll attack the cancer but I want to talk to you today
cancer but I want to talk to you today
cancer but I want to talk to you today about a different kind of immunotherapy
about a different kind of immunotherapy
about a different kind of immunotherapy one that I’m working on here as part of
one that I’m working on here as part of
one that I’m working on here as part of the National Center for asbestos related
the National Center for asbestos related
the National Center for asbestos related diseases called checkpoint blockade
diseases called checkpoint blockade
diseases called checkpoint blockade immunotherapy checkpoint blockade
immunotherapy checkpoint blockade
immunotherapy checkpoint blockade immunotherapy works by basically
immunotherapy works by basically
immunotherapy works by basically graffitiing and blocking these stop
graffitiing and blocking these stop
graffitiing and blocking these stop signs just e masking them so the immune
signs just e masking them so the immune
signs just e masking them so the immune system can recognize them and attack
system can recognize them and attack
system can recognize them and attack early clinical trials in melanoma with a
early clinical trials in melanoma with a
early clinical trials in melanoma with a similar approach have been wildly
similar approach have been wildly
similar approach have been wildly successful and other cancers such as
successful and other cancers such as
successful and other cancers such as lung and kidney have shown a response
lung and kidney have shown a response
lung and kidney have shown a response rate of twenty to thirty percent
rate of twenty to thirty percent
rate of twenty to thirty percent but we still don’t know why some cancers
but we still don’t know why some cancers
but we still don’t know why some cancers respond and some don’t
respond and some don’t
respond and some don’t we’re still putting all the pieces of
we’re still putting all the pieces of
we’re still putting all the pieces of the puzzle together on how cancer and
the puzzle together on how cancer and
the puzzle together on how cancer and the immune system actually interact many
the immune system actually interact many
the immune system actually interact many researchers are working on ways to boost
researchers are working on ways to boost
researchers are working on ways to boost the promising effects of this kind of
the promising effects of this kind of
the promising effects of this kind of immunotherapy and others however I’m
immunotherapy and others however I’m
immunotherapy and others however I’m taking a different approach I believe
taking a different approach I believe
taking a different approach I believe that one of the issues now that the
that one of the issues now that the
that one of the issues now that the immune system has been another that
immune system has been another that
immune system has been another that cancer has been de mast and no longer
cancer has been de mast and no longer
cancer has been de mast and no longer has a stop sign that the immune system
has a stop sign that the immune system
has a stop sign that the immune system can’t find it it’s a hard race and he’s
can’t find it it’s a hard race and he’s
can’t find it it’s a hard race and he’s someone to point it in the right
someone to point it in the right
someone to point it in the right direction
direction
direction it needs a map to the metastasis a
it needs a map to the metastasis a
it needs a map to the metastasis a spinning globe to the lymph node a GPS
spinning globe to the lymph node a GPS
spinning globe to the lymph node a GPS if you get the idea I see I see my goal
if you get the idea I see I see my goal
if you get the idea I see I see my goal is to use a novel approach of
is to use a novel approach of
is to use a novel approach of radiotherapy treating tumors at distal
radiotherapy treating tumors at distal
radiotherapy treating tumors at distal locations to expose the immune system to
locations to expose the immune system to
locations to expose the immune system to the cancer cells in hopes of eliciting a
the cancer cells in hopes of eliciting a
the cancer cells in hopes of eliciting a systemic response in the body this work
systemic response in the body this work
systemic response in the body this work is still in its infancy but I’m hopeful
is still in its infancy but I’m hopeful
is still in its infancy but I’m hopeful make no mistake that this is a powerful
make no mistake that this is a powerful
make no mistake that this is a powerful and form herbal opponent but it’s not a
and form herbal opponent but it’s not a
and form herbal opponent but it’s not a new one the ancient Egyptians first
new one the ancient Egyptians first
new one the ancient Egyptians first documented cases and bone and breast
documented cases and bone and breast
documented cases and bone and breast they described it as being the disease
they described it as being the disease
they described it as being the disease with no treatment but it wasn’t until
with no treatment but it wasn’t until
with no treatment but it wasn’t until the ancient Greeks where it first got
the ancient Greeks where it first got
the ancient Greeks where it first got the name it carries a millennia later in
the name it carries a millennia later in
the name it carries a millennia later in the last 200 years we’ve really learned
the last 200 years we’ve really learned
the last 200 years we’ve really learned what cancer is I’m reminded of a quote
what cancer is I’m reminded of a quote
what cancer is I’m reminded of a quote by Carl Sagan who said cancer no heat is
by Carl Sagan who said cancer no heat is
by Carl Sagan who said cancer no heat is a cancer he didn’t know any Makassar
a cancer he didn’t know any Makassar
a cancer he didn’t know any Makassar he said science here’s a scientist
he said science here’s a scientist
he said science here’s a scientist science is a collaborative enterprise
science is a collaborative enterprise
science is a collaborative enterprise that spans the generations and this
that spans the generations and this
that spans the generations and this fight is no different we build on those
fight is no different we build on those
fight is no different we build on those that came before us
that came before us
that came before us we developed new technologies and
we developed new technologies and
we developed new technologies and Diagnostics to detect cancer earlier our
Diagnostics to detect cancer earlier our
Diagnostics to detect cancer earlier our better understanding doesn’t just give
better understanding doesn’t just give
better understanding doesn’t just give us new therapies but teaches us how to
us new therapies but teaches us how to
us new therapies but teaches us how to prevent cancer how to minimize our risk
prevent cancer how to minimize our risk
prevent cancer how to minimize our risk health care professionals work around
health care professionals work around
health care professionals work around the world tirelessly to fight this
the world tirelessly to fight this
the world tirelessly to fight this disease but we can’t do it alone
disease but we can’t do it alone
disease but we can’t do it alone we need our patience we are thankful to
we need our patience we are thankful to
we need our patience we are thankful to every patient that takes the time to
every patient that takes the time to
every patient that takes the time to answer our questions that come in from
answer our questions that come in from
answer our questions that come in from more tests rather still fighting this
more tests rather still fighting this
more tests rather still fighting this disease we are thankful to our patients
disease we are thankful to our patients
disease we are thankful to our patients who donate tumors so we can take them to
who donate tumors so we can take them to
who donate tumors so we can take them to the lab and hopefully cover something
the lab and hopefully cover something
the lab and hopefully cover something new and we can’t do this without people
new and we can’t do this without people
new and we can’t do this without people like you clinical trials Cancer Research
like you clinical trials Cancer Research
like you clinical trials Cancer Research it’s very expensive when people like you
it’s very expensive when people like you
it’s very expensive when people like you support through charities such as Cancer
support through charities such as Cancer
support through charities such as Cancer Council Australia the Canadian Cancer
Council Australia the Canadian Cancer
Council Australia the Canadian Cancer Society or Cancer Research UK you help
Society or Cancer Research UK you help
Society or Cancer Research UK you help fund the important work we do in this
fund the important work we do in this
fund the important work we do in this battle and we need your continued
battle and we need your continued
battle and we need your continued support so that together we can
support so that together we can
support so that together we can understand more about these diseases
understand more about these diseases
understand more about these diseases develop new treatments and find a cure
develop new treatments and find a cure
develop new treatments and find a cure and who knows maybe one day our secret
and who knows maybe one day our secret
and who knows maybe one day our secret weapon will be the army inside us all
weapon will be the army inside us all
weapon will be the army inside us all thank you
thank you
thank you [Applause]
”
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