
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
this image of reindeer in the Arctic
this image of reindeer in the Arctic with their antlers entangled in fishing
with their antlers entangled in fishing
with their antlers entangled in fishing net stopped me in my tracks we have a
net stopped me in my tracks we have a
net stopped me in my tracks we have a garbage problem but before I can tell
garbage problem but before I can tell
garbage problem but before I can tell you about how I became interested in
you about how I became interested in
you about how I became interested in plastic pollution in the Arctic come
plastic pollution in the Arctic come
plastic pollution in the Arctic come with me far south for a moment to
with me far south for a moment to
with me far south for a moment to Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica why Antarctica growing up in Northern
why Antarctica growing up in Northern
why Antarctica growing up in Northern Ontario I thought I was near the North
Ontario I thought I was near the North
Ontario I thought I was near the North Pole but I was barely in the subarctic
Pole but I was barely in the subarctic
Pole but I was barely in the subarctic then at University here in Montreal I
then at University here in Montreal I
then at University here in Montreal I became obsessed with going I used to
became obsessed with going I used to
became obsessed with going I used to love to spin the globe and look at the
love to spin the globe and look at the
love to spin the globe and look at the Arctic this white mass at the top of the
Arctic this white mass at the top of the
Arctic this white mass at the top of the earth and spin it over and see this
earth and spin it over and see this
earth and spin it over and see this white continent this frozen continent at
white continent this frozen continent at
white continent this frozen continent at the bottom did we forget about it
the bottom did we forget about it
the bottom did we forget about it because it was tucked to under that
because it was tucked to under that
because it was tucked to under that under there I was curious
under there I was curious
under there I was curious Antarctica obsessed me there were no
Antarctica obsessed me there were no
Antarctica obsessed me there were no borders and no permanent population
borders and no permanent population
borders and no permanent population about 3,000 to 5,000 people a year go to
about 3,000 to 5,000 people a year go to
about 3,000 to 5,000 people a year go to Antarctica temporarily scientists
Antarctica temporarily scientists
Antarctica temporarily scientists support staff and tourists go but a tiny
support staff and tourists go but a tiny
support staff and tourists go but a tiny fraction of us go to this place what I
fraction of us go to this place what I
fraction of us go to this place what I love about Antarctica is its governance
love about Antarctica is its governance
love about Antarctica is its governance the fact that countries during the Cold
the fact that countries during the Cold
the fact that countries during the Cold War said let’s dedicate this continent
War said let’s dedicate this continent
War said let’s dedicate this continent to peace and science it was a pioneering
to peace and science it was a pioneering
to peace and science it was a pioneering treaty the first nuclear arms treaty in
treaty the first nuclear arms treaty in
treaty the first nuclear arms treaty in the world and the first time we said no
the world and the first time we said no
the world and the first time we said no nuclear dumping here we decided that the
nuclear dumping here we decided that the
nuclear dumping here we decided that the common good of humankind was important
common good of humankind was important
common good of humankind was important here and we also said that science is a
here and we also said that science is a
here and we also said that science is a tool of diplomacy well how was I going
tool of diplomacy well how was I going
tool of diplomacy well how was I going to get there
to get there
to get there being so remote it was so expensive a
being so remote it was so expensive a
being so remote it was so expensive a friend of mine was working for an
friend of mine was working for an
friend of mine was working for an eco-tourism company Pat and he said
eco-tourism company Pat and he said
eco-tourism company Pat and he said Carol there is so much garbage in the
Carol there is so much garbage in the
Carol there is so much garbage in the Antarctic why don’t you find one of
Antarctic why don’t you find one of
Antarctic why don’t you find one of these research stations and get them to
these research stations and get them to
these research stations and get them to host you find volunteers and we’ll bring
host you find volunteers and we’ll bring
host you find volunteers and we’ll bring you there on our ships well that was a
you there on our ships well that was a
you there on our ships well that was a big undertaking but I put one foot in
big undertaking but I put one foot in
big undertaking but I put one foot in front of the other
front of the other
front of the other I wrote letters to countries that had
I wrote letters to countries that had
I wrote letters to countries that had research stations in Antarctica the US
research stations in Antarctica the US
research stations in Antarctica the US UK Poland Russia Australia New Zealand
UK Poland Russia Australia New Zealand
UK Poland Russia Australia New Zealand etc Russia wrote me back and said help
etc Russia wrote me back and said help
etc Russia wrote me back and said help us clean up the timing was good because
us clean up the timing was good because
us clean up the timing was good because this Antarctic Treaty that dedicated the
this Antarctic Treaty that dedicated the
this Antarctic Treaty that dedicated the sign at the continent to peace and
sign at the continent to peace and
sign at the continent to peace and science added an additional protocol an
science added an additional protocol an
science added an additional protocol an environmental protocol that said we also
environmental protocol that said we also
environmental protocol that said we also have to better manage the environment
have to better manage the environment
have to better manage the environment and monitor ourselves so then I had to
and monitor ourselves so then I had to
and monitor ourselves so then I had to find expedition team a cook and
find expedition team a cook and
find expedition team a cook and volunteers but the volunteers came and
volunteers but the volunteers came and
volunteers but the volunteers came and we cleaned up a tiny fraction of the
we cleaned up a tiny fraction of the
we cleaned up a tiny fraction of the pollution that was there but we shined a
pollution that was there but we shined a
pollution that was there but we shined a light on the problem and this is the
light on the problem and this is the
light on the problem and this is the Russian research station and I led the
Russian research station and I led the
Russian research station and I led the first civilian cleanup expedition and it
first civilian cleanup expedition and it
first civilian cleanup expedition and it was called the Russian the joint Russian
was called the Russian the joint Russian
was called the Russian the joint Russian Canadian ecological expedition and we
Canadian ecological expedition and we
Canadian ecological expedition and we were there with the Russians at one of
were there with the Russians at one of
were there with the Russians at one of their stations and what we found were
their stations and what we found were
their stations and what we found were age old abandoned fuel pipes paint
age old abandoned fuel pipes paint
age old abandoned fuel pipes paint chipped cigarette butts nails empty
chipped cigarette butts nails empty
chipped cigarette butts nails empty fridges but something that surprised me
fridges but something that surprised me
fridges but something that surprised me was some of the garbage had also come
was some of the garbage had also come
was some of the garbage had also come from the ocean it appeared so how does
from the ocean it appeared so how does
from the ocean it appeared so how does this mess in our oceans happen eight
this mess in our oceans happen eight
this mess in our oceans happen eight million tons of garbage are in our
million tons of garbage are in our
million tons of garbage are in our oceans
oceans
oceans that’s one dump truck every minute
that’s one dump truck every minute
that’s one dump truck every minute well humans are sloppy 80% of the
well humans are sloppy 80% of the
well humans are sloppy 80% of the garbage that ends up in the oceans comes
garbage that ends up in the oceans comes
garbage that ends up in the oceans comes from land-based activities
from land-based activities
from land-based activities we’re sloppy and we leave trash near
we’re sloppy and we leave trash near
we’re sloppy and we leave trash near beaches and that gets into river ways
beaches and that gets into river ways
beaches and that gets into river ways and into the oceans another way is
and into the oceans another way is
and into the oceans another way is inadvertently or sloppily because ships
inadvertently or sloppily because ships
inadvertently or sloppily because ships that containers they dump by mistake
that containers they dump by mistake
that containers they dump by mistake containers of plastics also plastic
containers of plastics also plastic
containers of plastics also plastic factories a fraction of the garbage
factories a fraction of the garbage
factories a fraction of the garbage comes from plastic factories that are
comes from plastic factories that are
comes from plastic factories that are near waterways and a tiny and another
near waterways and a tiny and another
near waterways and a tiny and another percent comes from these tiny fibers
percent comes from these tiny fibers
percent comes from these tiny fibers which are micro fibers that come from
which are micro fibers that come from
which are micro fibers that come from our fleece and synthetic clothing
our fleece and synthetic clothing
our fleece and synthetic clothing clothing and gets into waterways and the
clothing and gets into waterways and the
clothing and gets into waterways and the garbage lasts a really long time to
garbage lasts a really long time to
garbage lasts a really long time to decompose so here’s the design flaw
decompose so here’s the design flaw
decompose so here’s the design flaw something plastics were supposed to make
something plastics were supposed to make
something plastics were supposed to make our lives easier but they haven’t and
our lives easier but they haven’t and
our lives easier but they haven’t and they can take generations to decompose
they can take generations to decompose
they can take generations to decompose socks one to five years
socks one to five years
socks one to five years plastic bags 20 years and then we get
plastic bags 20 years and then we get
plastic bags 20 years and then we get into 50 to 400 years styrofoam cups 50
into 50 to 400 years styrofoam cups 50
into 50 to 400 years styrofoam cups 50 years and then those plastic beverage
years and then those plastic beverage
years and then those plastic beverage holders not only do they last for 450 or
holders not only do they last for 450 or
holders not only do they last for 450 or so years but they tangle animals in them
so years but they tangle animals in them
so years but they tangle animals in them and then things that we use plastic
and then things that we use plastic
and then things that we use plastic disposable diapers and sanitary products
disposable diapers and sanitary products
disposable diapers and sanitary products 500 years so how does this garbage
500 years so how does this garbage
500 years so how does this garbage travel around the world well just
travel around the world well just
travel around the world well just quickly to say we have these things
quickly to say we have these things
quickly to say we have these things called gyres you will have heard of
called gyres you will have heard of
called gyres you will have heard of gyres are these vast whirlpools that are
gyres are these vast whirlpools that are
gyres are these vast whirlpools that are caused by the Earth’s rotation and by
caused by the Earth’s rotation and by
caused by the Earth’s rotation and by wind driven currents and there’s five
wind driven currents and there’s five
wind driven currents and there’s five big tires these whirlpools that are full
big tires these whirlpools that are full
big tires these whirlpools that are full of plastics and more are forming one in
of plastics and more are forming one in
of plastics and more are forming one in the Arctic and the plastics move around
the Arctic and the plastics move around
the Arctic and the plastics move around and they become this soup and then the
and they become this soup and then the
and they become this soup and then the soup gets ingested by animals so here
soup gets ingested by animals so here
soup gets ingested by animals so here are the three problems just that the
are the three problems just that the
are the three problems just that the animals mistake it for garbage seals
animals mistake it for garbage seals
animals mistake it for garbage seals think that
think that
think that stick bags or jellyfish and we’re just
stick bags or jellyfish and we’re just
stick bags or jellyfish and we’re just learning that animals and sea life
learning that animals and sea life
learning that animals and sea life actually like the taste of it this seal
actually like the taste of it this seal
actually like the taste of it this seal got caught in plastic and in the Arctic
got caught in plastic and in the Arctic
got caught in plastic and in the Arctic it a band of plastic and it grew and
it a band of plastic and it grew and
it a band of plastic and it grew and unfortunately it died and four out of
unfortunately it died and four out of
unfortunately it died and four out of five sea birds have plastics in their
five sea birds have plastics in their
five sea birds have plastics in their stomachs so they die of starvation or
stomachs so they die of starvation or
stomachs so they die of starvation or because of that plastic and the other
because of that plastic and the other
because of that plastic and the other reason that plastics are dangerous of
reason that plastics are dangerous of
reason that plastics are dangerous of course is that they ingest it and then
course is that they ingest it and then
course is that they ingest it and then we ingest it gets into our food chain so
we ingest it gets into our food chain so
we ingest it gets into our food chain so I joined a expedition in recently this
I joined a expedition in recently this
I joined a expedition in recently this summer called ex expedition and it was
summer called ex expedition and it was
summer called ex expedition and it was an all-women sailing expedition and what
an all-women sailing expedition and what
an all-women sailing expedition and what we were doing was sampling waters around
we were doing was sampling waters around
we were doing was sampling waters around the UK for plastics and also toxins
the UK for plastics and also toxins
the UK for plastics and also toxins particularly looked to look at how
particularly looked to look at how
particularly looked to look at how toxins affect women’s health and I’m
toxins affect women’s health and I’m
toxins affect women’s health and I’m sorry to say in every single water
sorry to say in every single water
sorry to say in every single water sample that we trawled
sample that we trawled
sample that we trawled in the water we found plastics visible
in the water we found plastics visible
in the water we found plastics visible and quite invisible these micro plastics
and quite invisible these micro plastics
and quite invisible these micro plastics the United Nations environmental program
the United Nations environmental program
the United Nations environmental program said that plastic pollution is a global
said that plastic pollution is a global
said that plastic pollution is a global problem on par with climate change and
problem on par with climate change and
problem on par with climate change and in fact it’s interrelated and also that
in fact it’s interrelated and also that
in fact it’s interrelated and also that these micro plastics these tiny plastics
these micro plastics these tiny plastics
these micro plastics these tiny plastics threaten human health and marine
threaten human health and marine
threaten human health and marine ecosystems so I’d been to the Antarctic
ecosystems so I’d been to the Antarctic
ecosystems so I’d been to the Antarctic and now I wanted to go to the Arctic
and now I wanted to go to the Arctic
and now I wanted to go to the Arctic decades later and see what the plastic
decades later and see what the plastic
decades later and see what the plastic was happening up there and I came across
was happening up there and I came across
was happening up there and I came across this initiative called clean up Svalbard
this initiative called clean up Svalbard
this initiative called clean up Svalbard small bird is an archipelago of islands
small bird is an archipelago of islands
small bird is an archipelago of islands at the top of the world the northernmost
at the top of the world the northernmost
at the top of the world the northernmost inhabited place on earth
inhabited place on earth
inhabited place on earth but 3,000 people and about 3,000 polar
but 3,000 people and about 3,000 polar
but 3,000 people and about 3,000 polar bears and the governor of Svalbard it
bears and the governor of Svalbard it
bears and the governor of Svalbard it was finding so much plastic pollution
was finding so much plastic pollution
was finding so much plastic pollution because there are many fjords and
because there are many fjords and
because there are many fjords and beaches and he started cleaning up with
beaches and he started cleaning up with
beaches and he started cleaning up with locals and going on ships and going
locals and going on ships and going
locals and going on ships and going around and cleaning because that’s one
around and cleaning because that’s one
around and cleaning because that’s one way to reduce plastic pollution to
way to reduce plastic pollution to
way to reduce plastic pollution to actually intercept it and remove it and
actually intercept it and remove it and
actually intercept it and remove it and then
then
then invited international people so I joined
invited international people so I joined
invited international people so I joined people from 18 countries from the ship
people from 18 countries from the ship
people from 18 countries from the ship we couldn’t see the plastics and as we
we couldn’t see the plastics and as we
we couldn’t see the plastics and as we got closer there was herds of walruses I
got closer there was herds of walruses I
got closer there was herds of walruses I see freezing waters and these
see freezing waters and these
see freezing waters and these sugar-coated mountains but behind these
sugar-coated mountains but behind these
sugar-coated mountains but behind these logs that floated in from Siberia and
logs that floated in from Siberia and
logs that floated in from Siberia and under rocks was green blue plastic a lot
under rocks was green blue plastic a lot
under rocks was green blue plastic a lot of it was fishing equipment but it was
of it was fishing equipment but it was
of it was fishing equipment but it was also these tiny fragments we would pick
also these tiny fragments we would pick
also these tiny fragments we would pick up a piece of plastic rope and it would
up a piece of plastic rope and it would
up a piece of plastic rope and it would disintegrate in our hands and then we
disintegrate in our hands and then we
disintegrate in our hands and then we knew where does that go
knew where does that go
knew where does that go so we did this cleanup and we found
so we did this cleanup and we found
so we did this cleanup and we found household waste food packaging from many
household waste food packaging from many
household waste food packaging from many countries alcohol bottles that still
countries alcohol bottles that still
countries alcohol bottles that still smelled of alcohol but something that
smelled of alcohol but something that
smelled of alcohol but something that caught my eye and surprised me the most
caught my eye and surprised me the most
caught my eye and surprised me the most were children’s toys and this dolls head
were children’s toys and this dolls head
were children’s toys and this dolls head who played with this doll how did it get
who played with this doll how did it get
who played with this doll how did it get way up here
way up here
way up here well we cleaned up ten nautical miles of
well we cleaned up ten nautical miles of
well we cleaned up ten nautical miles of garbage 13.5 cubic meters about the size
garbage 13.5 cubic meters about the size
garbage 13.5 cubic meters about the size of a big shipping container but again it
of a big shipping container but again it
of a big shipping container but again it was just a fraction I want to bring you
was just a fraction I want to bring you
was just a fraction I want to bring you back to these reindeer but to tell you
back to these reindeer but to tell you
back to these reindeer but to tell you when I went to the cabin with my garbage
when I went to the cabin with my garbage
when I went to the cabin with my garbage my roommate said Carol are you seriously
my roommate said Carol are you seriously
my roommate said Carol are you seriously bringing more crap into our cabin and I
bringing more crap into our cabin and I
bringing more crap into our cabin and I said yes and that crap as gray said is
said yes and that crap as gray said is
said yes and that crap as gray said is going to be in the Science and
going to be in the Science and
going to be in the Science and Technology Museum in Ottawa I want us to
Technology Museum in Ottawa I want us to
Technology Museum in Ottawa I want us to look at ourselves and look at our
look at ourselves and look at our
look at ourselves and look at our consumption so these reindeer I was
consumption so these reindeer I was
consumption so these reindeer I was dying to know what happened to them I
dying to know what happened to them I
dying to know what happened to them I needed to know and I searched and I
needed to know and I searched and I
needed to know and I searched and I tracked down the photographer and his
tracked down the photographer and his
tracked down the photographer and his name is fennec Raman and he was out
name is fennec Raman and he was out
name is fennec Raman and he was out snowmobiling in the northern in a
snowmobiling in the northern in a
snowmobiling in the northern in a northern island and came across the
northern island and came across the
northern island and came across the reindeer and he said we had a dilemma if
reindeer and he said we had a dilemma if
reindeer and he said we had a dilemma if we don’t cut the rope they will die
we don’t cut the rope they will die
we don’t cut the rope they will die slowly but also they know that
slowly but also they know that
slowly but also they know that interfering with wildlife is dangerous
interfering with wildlife is dangerous
interfering with wildlife is dangerous and that they shouldn’t do it well I
and that they shouldn’t do it well I
and that they shouldn’t do it well I teary when he sent me this photo they
teary when he sent me this photo they
teary when he sent me this photo they were able to cut the rope but that is
were able to cut the rope but that is
were able to cut the rope but that is extremely rare most animals die out of
extremely rare most animals die out of
extremely rare most animals die out of sight and they die because we leaving
sight and they die because we leaving
sight and they die because we leaving our garbage everywhere we shouldn’t be
our garbage everywhere we shouldn’t be
our garbage everywhere we shouldn’t be doing this this is an indictment of us
doing this this is an indictment of us
doing this this is an indictment of us humans so we have to clean up our act if
humans so we have to clean up our act if
humans so we have to clean up our act if we can create an Antarctic Treaty that
we can create an Antarctic Treaty that
we can create an Antarctic Treaty that dedicates a continent to peace and
dedicates a continent to peace and
dedicates a continent to peace and science and that says we need to
science and that says we need to
science and that says we need to collaborate and we have limited
collaborate and we have limited
collaborate and we have limited resources then we can do it for all of
resources then we can do it for all of
resources then we can do it for all of the world and for all peoples in my own
the world and for all peoples in my own
the world and for all peoples in my own life I try to reduce plastic pollution
life I try to reduce plastic pollution
life I try to reduce plastic pollution but it’s really difficult there’s so
but it’s really difficult there’s so
but it’s really difficult there’s so much single-use plastic I refuse straws
much single-use plastic I refuse straws
much single-use plastic I refuse straws and plastic bags but there’s also so
and plastic bags but there’s also so
and plastic bags but there’s also so many innovations and efforts today so we
many innovations and efforts today so we
many innovations and efforts today so we need to ramp it up together if we can do
need to ramp it up together if we can do
need to ramp it up together if we can do this together
this together
this together we can do it for each other for these
we can do it for each other for these
we can do it for each other for these species it’s not only about animals we
species it’s not only about animals we
species it’s not only about animals we are interconnected we can do it for
are interconnected we can do it for
are interconnected we can do it for Mother Earth and for future generations
Mother Earth and for future generations
Mother Earth and for future generations thank you
”
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