so we’re gonna take a journey the journey spans about 15 years of time
journey spans about 15 years of time
journey spans about 15 years of time it’s gonna take us to multiple
it’s gonna take us to multiple
it’s gonna take us to multiple continents of the world and as well as
continents of the world and as well as
continents of the world and as well as hopefully scale a therapy using cells to
hopefully scale a therapy using cells to
hopefully scale a therapy using cells to what we hope to see to be the next
what we hope to see to be the next
what we hope to see to be the next global cell therapy that that really
global cell therapy that that really
global cell therapy that that really gets distributed so this medicine is
gets distributed so this medicine is
gets distributed so this medicine is something that as we’ve been working on
something that as we’ve been working on
something that as we’ve been working on for about 15 years and it involves cell
for about 15 years and it involves cell
for about 15 years and it involves cell communication and and so some of the
communication and and so some of the
communication and and so some of the points that I want to get across our how
points that I want to get across our how
points that I want to get across our how cells communicate why cell communication
cells communicate why cell communication
cells communicate why cell communication is really important in health what
is really important in health what
is really important in health what happens in disease to all of our cells
happens in disease to all of our cells
happens in disease to all of our cells and their communication patterns and how
and their communication patterns and how
and their communication patterns and how we’re gonna try to fix it using a cell
we’re gonna try to fix it using a cell
we’re gonna try to fix it using a cell therapy so with that let’s begin and let
therapy so with that let’s begin and let
therapy so with that let’s begin and let me start by the first revelation that I
me start by the first revelation that I
me start by the first revelation that I had a long time ago which is that cells
had a long time ago which is that cells
had a long time ago which is that cells communicate using cell phones right
communicate using cell phones right
communicate using cell phones right obviously this should be nothing new to
obviously this should be nothing new to
obviously this should be nothing new to everyone it’s it’s why we call them cell
everyone it’s it’s why we call them cell
everyone it’s it’s why we call them cell phones no but in all reality cells
phones no but in all reality cells
phones no but in all reality cells communicate using natural molecules okay
communicate using natural molecules okay
communicate using natural molecules okay proteins fats sugars even genetic
proteins fats sugars even genetic
proteins fats sugars even genetic material things like RNA and DNA are
material things like RNA and DNA are
material things like RNA and DNA are made inside of cells they’re packaged up
made inside of cells they’re packaged up
made inside of cells they’re packaged up and they’re secreted outside of those
and they’re secreted outside of those
and they’re secreted outside of those cells through their cellular membranes
cells through their cellular membranes
cells through their cellular membranes and if you have a not-so-great cell
and if you have a not-so-great cell
and if you have a not-so-great cell phone plan those molecules only can act
phone plan those molecules only can act
phone plan those molecules only can act and diffuse locally and we’re talking
and diffuse locally and we’re talking
and diffuse locally and we’re talking about length length scales of about ten
about length length scales of about ten
about length length scales of about ten to a hundred microns in size that’s the
to a hundred microns in size that’s the
to a hundred microns in size that’s the size and width of a human hair
size and width of a human hair
size and width of a human hair and unfortunately I don’t have a prop to
and unfortunately I don’t have a prop to
and unfortunately I don’t have a prop to show you that that length today but
show you that that length today but
show you that that length today but hopefully you get the point so this type
hopefully you get the point so this type
hopefully you get the point so this type of local signaling it’s really nearest
of local signaling it’s really nearest
of local signaling it’s really nearest neighbour signaling that’s taking place
neighbour signaling that’s taking place
neighbour signaling that’s taking place inside of tissues very small
inside of tissues very small
inside of tissues very small environments and we call this local
environments and we call this local
environments and we call this local signaling Peregrine’s that it’s just to
signaling Peregrine’s that it’s just to
signaling Peregrine’s that it’s just to define some terms now
define some terms now
define some terms now if you have a even better cellphone plan
if you have a even better cellphone plan
if you have a even better cellphone plan you will have the opportunity to do
you will have the opportunity to do
you will have the opportunity to do long-range signaling distant signaling
long-range signaling distant signaling
long-range signaling distant signaling and we call this endocrine signaling
and we call this endocrine signaling
and we call this endocrine signaling this is a way where a cell from one
this is a way where a cell from one
this is a way where a cell from one location in the body can secrete
location in the body can secrete
location in the body can secrete something and have it travel all the way
something and have it travel all the way
something and have it travel all the way to a distant part of the body the
to a distant part of the body the
to a distant part of the body the classical examples are things like
classical examples are things like
classical examples are things like hormones which are often made in the
hormones which are often made in the
hormones which are often made in the pituitary gland they travel all
pituitary gland they travel all
pituitary gland they travel all throughout the bloodstream and cause
throughout the bloodstream and cause
throughout the bloodstream and cause physiological signals and other tissues
physiological signals and other tissues
physiological signals and other tissues so great we’ve defined short-term
so great we’ve defined short-term
so great we’ve defined short-term signaling long long-distance signaling
signaling long long-distance signaling
signaling long long-distance signaling now as engineers which is really my
now as engineers which is really my
now as engineers which is really my background where I’m trained or what I’m
background where I’m trained or what I’m
background where I’m trained or what I’m trained in we like to think of really
trained in we like to think of really
trained in we like to think of really the collection of cells really an
the collection of cells really an
the collection of cells really an accounting problem how can we accumulate
accounting problem how can we accumulate
accounting problem how can we accumulate all of these cell signals and understand
all of these cell signals and understand
all of these cell signals and understand this as a system and so the aspect of
this as a system and so the aspect of
this as a system and so the aspect of systems biology comes in
systems biology comes in
systems biology comes in so let’s accumulate all of these cells
so let’s accumulate all of these cells
so let’s accumulate all of these cells from all of these tissues secreting all
from all of these tissues secreting all
from all of these tissues secreting all of these things traveling all around the
of these things traveling all around the
of these things traveling all around the human body and that’s the type of
human body and that’s the type of
human body and that’s the type of systems problem that engineers love to
systems problem that engineers love to
systems problem that engineers love to study biomedical engineers left site and
study biomedical engineers left site and
study biomedical engineers left site and so for a man who really likes silence
so for a man who really likes silence
so for a man who really likes silence this is a very noisy system and mother
this is a very noisy system and mother
this is a very noisy system and mother nature’s designed it that way so that
nature’s designed it that way so that
nature’s designed it that way so that when there’s an actual signal when
when there’s an actual signal when
when there’s an actual signal when there’s something that’s really
there’s something that’s really
there’s something that’s really important that the body needs to respond
important that the body needs to respond
important that the body needs to respond to it goes it breaks through that noise
to it goes it breaks through that noise
to it goes it breaks through that noise and the system changes so one of those
and the system changes so one of those
and the system changes so one of those signals unfortunately can be disease and
signals unfortunately can be disease and
signals unfortunately can be disease and what happens in really severe cases of
what happens in really severe cases of
what happens in really severe cases of disease significant injuries we’re
disease significant injuries we’re
disease significant injuries we’re talking about car accidents gunshot
talking about car accidents gunshot
talking about car accidents gunshot wounds drug toxicities things where a
wounds drug toxicities things where a
wounds drug toxicities things where a life is lost and you never get to say
life is lost and you never get to say
life is lost and you never get to say goodbye well the entire communication
goodbye well the entire communication
goodbye well the entire communication network breaks down and there’s a lot of
network breaks down and there’s a lot of
network breaks down and there’s a lot of dysfunction taking place at at multiple
dysfunction taking place at at multiple
dysfunction taking place at at multiple organ levels and as well as
organ levels and as well as
organ levels and as well as physiologically and so our mission from
physiologically and so our mission from
physiologically and so our mission from a medicinal standpoint is to try to
a medicinal standpoint is to try to
a medicinal standpoint is to try to correct this dysfunctional communication
correct this dysfunctional communication
correct this dysfunctional communication pattern that’s our goal how are we going
pattern that’s our goal how are we going
pattern that’s our goal how are we going to do it in such a
to do it in such a
to do it in such a complicated systems Network well we
complicated systems Network well we
complicated systems Network well we decided to fight fire with fire and
decided to fight fire with fire and
decided to fight fire with fire and we’re using a cell there so introduce
we’re using a cell there so introduce
we’re using a cell there so introduce the protagonist of the story these are
the protagonist of the story these are
the protagonist of the story these are called bone marrow stromal cells and
called bone marrow stromal cells and
called bone marrow stromal cells and we’ll use the acronym MSC s just for
we’ll use the acronym MSC s just for
we’ll use the acronym MSC s just for brevity these bone marrow stromal cells
brevity these bone marrow stromal cells
brevity these bone marrow stromal cells are found in the bone marrow of all of
are found in the bone marrow of all of
are found in the bone marrow of all of us they exist there are very very few
us they exist there are very very few
us they exist there are very very few numbers but in fact have are starting to
numbers but in fact have are starting to
numbers but in fact have are starting to be developed as a cell therapy they have
be developed as a cell therapy they have
be developed as a cell therapy they have great attributes actually that make them
great attributes actually that make them
great attributes actually that make them have the potential to be a medicinal
have the potential to be a medicinal
have the potential to be a medicinal product let me give you some examples so
product let me give you some examples so
product let me give you some examples so these cells you can isolate them you can
these cells you can isolate them you can
these cells you can isolate them you can get them from bone marrow you can
get them from bone marrow you can
get them from bone marrow you can actually plate them in a petri culture
actually plate them in a petri culture
actually plate them in a petri culture dish and you can expand them
dish and you can expand them
dish and you can expand them tremendously to huge numbers so if I
tremendously to huge numbers so if I
tremendously to huge numbers so if I need to make a medicine I need to make a
need to make a medicine I need to make a
need to make a medicine I need to make a lot of it and so from a single bone
lot of it and so from a single bone
lot of it and so from a single bone marrow donation you can make thousands
marrow donation you can make thousands
marrow donation you can make thousands and thousands and thousands of products
and thousands and thousands of products
and thousands and thousands of products of hundreds of millions of cells or
of hundreds of millions of cells or
of hundreds of millions of cells or product so the ability for these cells
product so the ability for these cells
product so the ability for these cells to grow makes them highly attractive as
to grow makes them highly attractive as
to grow makes them highly attractive as a cell therapy
a cell therapy
a cell therapy apart from that you’re able to freeze
apart from that you’re able to freeze
apart from that you’re able to freeze these cells so you can freeze them and
these cells so you can freeze them and
these cells so you can freeze them and ultimately create an inventory to
ultimately create an inventory to
ultimately create an inventory to distribute to hospitals locally as well
distribute to hospitals locally as well
distribute to hospitals locally as well as around the world so these are great
as around the world so these are great
as around the world so these are great properties that enable these cells to
properties that enable these cells to
properties that enable these cells to actually be a potential cell therapy but
actually be a potential cell therapy but
actually be a potential cell therapy but it’s the utility that’s important so
it’s the utility that’s important so
it’s the utility that’s important so when I first started research these
when I first started research these
when I first started research these cells were being applied as an
cells were being applied as an
cells were being applied as an intravenous medication to treat
intravenous medication to treat
intravenous medication to treat inflammatory diseases they were shown
inflammatory diseases they were shown
inflammatory diseases they were shown very promising signs in small animal
very promising signs in small animal
very promising signs in small animal studies but then they started to be
studies but then they started to be
studies but then they started to be applied to humans in clinical trials and
applied to humans in clinical trials and
applied to humans in clinical trials and people observed a number of failures and
people observed a number of failures and
people observed a number of failures and so I just started my research I was
so I just started my research I was
so I just started my research I was excited by all the promising results
excited by all the promising results
excited by all the promising results that were out there but I was faced with
that were out there but I was faced with
that were out there but I was faced with this paradox how is this working in
this paradox how is this working in
this paradox how is this working in small animals but not in human beings
small animals but not in human beings
small animals but not in human beings and it led me to focus on the mechanism
and it led me to focus on the mechanism
and it led me to focus on the mechanism of action and what I’m here to get
of action and what I’m here to get
of action and what I’m here to get across is that the mechanism of action
across is that the mechanism of action
across is that the mechanism of action of these cells is really a form of
of these cells is really a form of
of these cells is really a form of cellular communication so here’s really
cellular communication so here’s really
cellular communication so here’s really the paradox that I was faced with when
the paradox that I was faced with when
the paradox that I was faced with when these cells that can
these cells that can
these cells that can mention was to intravenously administer
mention was to intravenously administer
mention was to intravenously administer these cells with the thought the
these cells with the thought the
these cells with the thought the prevailing hypothesis was that these
prevailing hypothesis was that these
prevailing hypothesis was that these cells would find their target organ
cells would find their target organ
cells would find their target organ that’s damaged locally and graphed in
that’s damaged locally and graphed in
that’s damaged locally and graphed in that organ and sort of correct the
that organ and sort of correct the
that organ and sort of correct the inflammation and really the tissue
inflammation and really the tissue
inflammation and really the tissue damage that had occurred from a
damage that had occurred from a
damage that had occurred from a significant injury but you know it this
significant injury but you know it this
significant injury but you know it this just didn’t make sense to me the numbers
just didn’t make sense to me the numbers
just didn’t make sense to me the numbers really didn’t work out when these cells
really didn’t work out when these cells
really didn’t work out when these cells were being infused intravenously 99% of
were being infused intravenously 99% of
were being infused intravenously 99% of them were were disappearing
them were were disappearing
them were were disappearing they were vanished they were ultimately
they were vanished they were ultimately
they were vanished they were ultimately getting destroyed in the blood
getting destroyed in the blood
getting destroyed in the blood circulation and so very few cells
circulation and so very few cells
circulation and so very few cells actually made it to a target organ and
actually made it to a target organ and
actually made it to a target organ and to me it seemed insufficient to change
to me it seemed insufficient to change
to me it seemed insufficient to change really the physiology of that organ let
really the physiology of that organ let
really the physiology of that organ let alone the entire human body and so I
alone the entire human body and so I
alone the entire human body and so I thought about the fundamental assumption
thought about the fundamental assumption
thought about the fundamental assumption do these cells actually need to be in
do these cells actually need to be in
do these cells actually need to be in the human body at all and we conducted
the human body at all and we conducted
the human body at all and we conducted some proof-of-concept experiments where
some proof-of-concept experiments where
some proof-of-concept experiments where we took these cells cultured in a dish
we took these cells cultured in a dish
we took these cells cultured in a dish and collected the molecules these cells
and collected the molecules these cells
and collected the molecules these cells produced and injected molecules instead
produced and injected molecules instead
produced and injected molecules instead into an animal undergoing severe
into an animal undergoing severe
into an animal undergoing severe inflammation and lo and behold we
inflammation and lo and behold we
inflammation and lo and behold we reproduce the same therapeutic benefits
reproduce the same therapeutic benefits
reproduce the same therapeutic benefits without the cells ever actually being
without the cells ever actually being
without the cells ever actually being engrafted at all and so we proved this
engrafted at all and so we proved this
engrafted at all and so we proved this concept that the mechanism of action of
concept that the mechanism of action of
concept that the mechanism of action of this cell was not necessarily
this cell was not necessarily
this cell was not necessarily Peregrine’s cell communication it was
Peregrine’s cell communication it was
Peregrine’s cell communication it was more endocrine when these cells were
more endocrine when these cells were
more endocrine when these cells were being administered intravenously they
being administered intravenously they
being administered intravenously they were giving a short burst of molecules
were giving a short burst of molecules
were giving a short burst of molecules and it’s really these molecules that
and it’s really these molecules that
and it’s really these molecules that were causing the physiological changes
were causing the physiological changes
were causing the physiological changes that we’re seeing improved that was the
that we’re seeing improved that was the
that we’re seeing improved that was the therapeutic hypothesis the hypothesis
therapeutic hypothesis the hypothesis
therapeutic hypothesis the hypothesis that really set me in a very different
that really set me in a very different
that really set me in a very different direction about how to develop this cell
direction about how to develop this cell
direction about how to develop this cell therapy so when we solved one problem
therapy so when we solved one problem
therapy so when we solved one problem just like any good problem that solved
just like any good problem that solved
just like any good problem that solved another three emerge so the question was
another three emerge so the question was
another three emerge so the question was really about if these cells are
really about if these cells are
really about if these cells are secreting things and trying to
secreting things and trying to
secreting things and trying to communicate to the body to really
communicate to the body to really
communicate to the body to really correct and bring back balance how do we
correct and bring back balance how do we
correct and bring back balance how do we scale something like this this is a very
scale something like this this is a very
scale something like this this is a very different type of mechanism it’s not
different type of mechanism it’s not
different type of mechanism it’s not just a small molecule that you can
just a small molecule that you can
just a small molecule that you can orally administer there’s only a few
orally administer there’s only a few
orally administer there’s only a few routes of administration to get cells
routes of administration to get cells
routes of administration to get cells into the human body
into the human body
into the human body and we knew that intravenous
and we knew that intravenous
and we knew that intravenous administration wasn’t going to get us
administration wasn’t going to get us
administration wasn’t going to get us there and so we were we were stuck in
there and so we were we were stuck in
there and so we were we were stuck in terms of how to get this therapy engaged
terms of how to get this therapy engaged
terms of how to get this therapy engaged and interacting with the human body and
and interacting with the human body and
and interacting with the human body and particularly the human bloodstream at
particularly the human bloodstream at
particularly the human bloodstream at the scales that we needed to and so when
the scales that we needed to and so when
the scales that we needed to and so when we looked around at all the different
we looked around at all the different
we looked around at all the different routes of administration none really met
routes of administration none really met
routes of administration none really met our criteria and so we had to think
our criteria and so we had to think
our criteria and so we had to think outside of the box in fact we actually
outside of the box in fact we actually
outside of the box in fact we actually ended up thinking outside of the body so
ended up thinking outside of the body so
ended up thinking outside of the body so this is the technology that we developed
this is the technology that we developed
this is the technology that we developed it’s an extra corporeal cell therapy and
it’s an extra corporeal cell therapy and
it’s an extra corporeal cell therapy and what we fundamentally did was we flipped
what we fundamentally did was we flipped
what we fundamentally did was we flipped the problem around instead of bringing
the problem around instead of bringing
the problem around instead of bringing cells to the bloodstream we’re bringing
cells to the bloodstream we’re bringing
cells to the bloodstream we’re bringing blood to these cells housed in a
blood to these cells housed in a
blood to these cells housed in a biomedical device so what that means in
biomedical device so what that means in
biomedical device so what that means in terms of what a patient experiences is
terms of what a patient experiences is
terms of what a patient experiences is we’ve changed this from an intravenous
we’ve changed this from an intravenous
we’ve changed this from an intravenous drip infusion to a dialysis like
drip infusion to a dialysis like
drip infusion to a dialysis like procedure and this fundamentally makes
procedure and this fundamentally makes
procedure and this fundamentally makes all the difference in terms of dosing so
all the difference in terms of dosing so
all the difference in terms of dosing so as engineers we love widgets this is my
as engineers we love widgets this is my
as engineers we love widgets this is my widget and I’m going to show you what’s
widget and I’m going to show you what’s
widget and I’m going to show you what’s inside of this widget that where’s all
inside of this widget that where’s all
inside of this widget that where’s all where all the magic is is happening but
where all the magic is is happening but
where all the magic is is happening but in order to really advance this science
in order to really advance this science
in order to really advance this science from a prototype stage that took place
from a prototype stage that took place
from a prototype stage that took place in academic lab we had to build a
in academic lab we had to build a
in academic lab we had to build a company we had to build a team around
company we had to build a team around
company we had to build a team around this and that team is found in Lexington
this and that team is found in Lexington
this and that team is found in Lexington Massachusetts right here now working
Massachusetts right here now working
Massachusetts right here now working very hard at actually learning how to
very hard at actually learning how to
very hard at actually learning how to manufacture this product distribute it
manufacture this product distribute it
manufacture this product distribute it all around the country and eventually
all around the country and eventually
all around the country and eventually the world if there’s success at the end
the world if there’s success at the end
the world if there’s success at the end of the road so Centene is the name of
of the road so Centene is the name of
of the road so Centene is the name of that company and its really a tremendous
that company and its really a tremendous
that company and its really a tremendous team of hard-working individuals that
team of hard-working individuals that
team of hard-working individuals that are really moving this forward now so
are really moving this forward now so
are really moving this forward now so let’s look inside of this widget what’s
let’s look inside of this widget what’s
let’s look inside of this widget what’s happening well blood is flowing through
happening well blood is flowing through
happening well blood is flowing through this device and then coming back to the
this device and then coming back to the
this device and then coming back to the patient in a circulate in a circulatory
patient in a circulate in a circulatory
patient in a circulate in a circulatory manner and blood cells are travelling
manner and blood cells are travelling
manner and blood cells are travelling through all of these thousands of fibers
through all of these thousands of fibers
through all of these thousands of fibers that are within this device these are
that are within this device these are
that are within this device these are hollow fibers so the blood cells are
hollow fibers so the blood cells are
hollow fibers so the blood cells are traveling through them and we put em s
traveling through them and we put em s
traveling through them and we put em s es on the other side of these fibers so
es on the other side of these fibers so
es on the other side of these fibers so the MS CS are separated from blood by a
the MS CS are separated from blood by a
the MS CS are separated from blood by a membrane and we have
membrane and we have
membrane and we have effectively have given these cells which
effectively have given these cells which
effectively have given these cells which were whispering by an intravenous
were whispering by an intravenous
were whispering by an intravenous administration route we’ve now given
administration route we’ve now given
administration route we’ve now given them a bullhorn and a pedestal so that
them a bullhorn and a pedestal so that
them a bullhorn and a pedestal so that they can speak to the human bloodstream
they can speak to the human bloodstream
they can speak to the human bloodstream in a really durable way what’s nice
in a really durable way what’s nice
in a really durable way what’s nice about this from an engineering
about this from an engineering
about this from an engineering standpoint is now we have full control
standpoint is now we have full control
standpoint is now we have full control of the number of cells that are
of the number of cells that are
of the number of cells that are interacting with the human blood
interacting with the human blood
interacting with the human blood bloodstream as well as the duration of
bloodstream as well as the duration of
bloodstream as well as the duration of therapy we can turn this on and off at
therapy we can turn this on and off at
therapy we can turn this on and off at any point as we like and so it really
any point as we like and so it really
any point as we like and so it really puts the control back in physicians
puts the control back in physicians
puts the control back in physicians hands to find ways to administer to the
hands to find ways to administer to the
hands to find ways to administer to the right disease at the right time so as
right disease at the right time so as
right disease at the right time so as blood is flowing through MS ESR
blood is flowing through MS ESR
blood is flowing through MS ESR secreting these molecules and it’s kind
secreting these molecules and it’s kind
secreting these molecules and it’s kind of like a blood carwash if you think
of like a blood carwash if you think
of like a blood carwash if you think about it where we’re trying to cleanse
about it where we’re trying to cleanse
about it where we’re trying to cleanse and recondition and reprogram blood
and recondition and reprogram blood
and recondition and reprogram blood cells as they continuously flow through
cells as they continuously flow through
cells as they continuously flow through this device in these hollow fibers this
this device in these hollow fibers this
this device in these hollow fibers this looks like a one-way conversation but in
looks like a one-way conversation but in
looks like a one-way conversation but in fact it’s actually a two-way
fact it’s actually a two-way
fact it’s actually a two-way conversation and this is where we
conversation and this is where we
conversation and this is where we leverage the advantage of cells in their
leverage the advantage of cells in their
leverage the advantage of cells in their ability to actually sense & react
ability to actually sense & react
ability to actually sense & react dynamically to their environment so each
dynamically to their environment so each
dynamically to their environment so each one of us when injured will all react
one of us when injured will all react
one of us when injured will all react differently they’re all be ranges in
differently they’re all be ranges in
differently they’re all be ranges in different heterogeneity that are found
different heterogeneity that are found
different heterogeneity that are found in all of individuals in terms of how
in all of individuals in terms of how
in all of individuals in terms of how they deal with conditions and so in
they deal with conditions and so in
they deal with conditions and so in order to manage that heterogeneity we’re
order to manage that heterogeneity we’re
order to manage that heterogeneity we’re leveraging mother nature’s sensing
leveraging mother nature’s sensing
leveraging mother nature’s sensing capabilities these cells have the
capabilities these cells have the
capabilities these cells have the ability to actually respond in kind in a
ability to actually respond in kind in a
ability to actually respond in kind in a time scale that’s relevant during this
time scale that’s relevant during this
time scale that’s relevant during this treatment to help really sense the
treatment to help really sense the
treatment to help really sense the inflammatory environment of that subject
inflammatory environment of that subject
inflammatory environment of that subject and secrete things in a tailored way to
and secrete things in a tailored way to
and secrete things in a tailored way to each individual so this is what’s inside
each individual so this is what’s inside
each individual so this is what’s inside the black box we’ve been testing this
the black box we’ve been testing this
the black box we’ve been testing this black box for for quite some time and I
black box for for quite some time and I
black box for for quite some time and I want to show you some of the more latest
want to show you some of the more latest
want to show you some of the more latest results this is through sentence
results this is through sentence
results this is through sentence hardwork we learned how to take a small
hardwork we learned how to take a small
hardwork we learned how to take a small prototype manufacturer to a large one
prototype manufacturer to a large one
prototype manufacturer to a large one and test it in large animals and this is
and test it in large animals and this is
and test it in large animals and this is some of our early efficacy data where we
some of our early efficacy data where we
some of our early efficacy data where we took animals that were sick we treated
took animals that were sick we treated
took animals that were sick we treated them continuously for 12 hours with a
them continuously for 12 hours with a
them continuously for 12 hours with a cellular device or an acellular devices
cellular device or an acellular devices
cellular device or an acellular devices of control and we start to save some of
of control and we start to save some of
of control and we start to save some of these animals lives
these animals lives
these animals lives this gave us
this gave us
this gave us as a team tremendous confidence to move
as a team tremendous confidence to move
as a team tremendous confidence to move forward into human trials and I’m really
forward into human trials and I’m really
forward into human trials and I’m really excited to say that those trials have
excited to say that those trials have
excited to say that those trials have already begun we are up and down the
already begun we are up and down the
already begun we are up and down the eastern seaboard treating patients
eastern seaboard treating patients
eastern seaboard treating patients during our first phase one B to a human
during our first phase one B to a human
during our first phase one B to a human trial looking at both the safety of this
trial looking at both the safety of this
trial looking at both the safety of this product as well as the efficacy in
product as well as the efficacy in
product as well as the efficacy in patients with kidney injury these
patients with kidney injury these
patients with kidney injury these patients already get continuous dialysis
patients already get continuous dialysis
patients already get continuous dialysis the challenges their outcomes are very
the challenges their outcomes are very
the challenges their outcomes are very poor about 50% of them die from this
poor about 50% of them die from this
poor about 50% of them die from this condition and we’re hoping to make
condition and we’re hoping to make
condition and we’re hoping to make improvements on their outcomes in this
improvements on their outcomes in this
improvements on their outcomes in this early study and certainly there’s going
early study and certainly there’s going
early study and certainly there’s going to be plenty more to follow as well as
to be plenty more to follow as well as
to be plenty more to follow as well as expansion into other areas of injury
expansion into other areas of injury
expansion into other areas of injury where this therapy could benefit this is
where this therapy could benefit this is
where this therapy could benefit this is a large operation it’s taking place all
a large operation it’s taking place all
a large operation it’s taking place all around the country and a lot of
around the country and a lot of
around the country and a lot of individuals have come together to really
individuals have come together to really
individuals have come together to really see this idea through and we’re really
see this idea through and we’re really
see this idea through and we’re really excited to see the results next year
excited to see the results next year
excited to see the results next year when they come out myself sentian these
when they come out myself sentian these
when they come out myself sentian these researchers are not the only ones who
researchers are not the only ones who
researchers are not the only ones who are playing around with cells and I
are playing around with cells and I
are playing around with cells and I wanted to broaden the conversation to
wanted to broaden the conversation to
wanted to broaden the conversation to include an emerging class of medicine
include an emerging class of medicine
include an emerging class of medicine which are cellular medicines that I
which are cellular medicines that I
which are cellular medicines that I think we’ll see a lot more over the next
think we’ll see a lot more over the next
think we’ll see a lot more over the next decade or two the US fda has recognized
decade or two the US fda has recognized
decade or two the US fda has recognized cellular medicines as regenerative
cellular medicines as regenerative
cellular medicines as regenerative medicines and has actually sped up the
medicines and has actually sped up the
medicines and has actually sped up the process to review and approve new
process to review and approve new
process to review and approve new regenerative medicine technologies more
regenerative medicine technologies more
regenerative medicine technologies more recently in the past year one thing to
recently in the past year one thing to
recently in the past year one thing to bring to the attention is that this
bring to the attention is that this
bring to the attention is that this month came the first approval of a
month came the first approval of a
month came the first approval of a t-cell therapy that was engineered to
t-cell therapy that was engineered to
t-cell therapy that was engineered to actually attack and fight against one’s
actually attack and fight against one’s
actually attack and fight against one’s own cancer cells Novartis led this
own cancer cells Novartis led this
own cancer cells Novartis led this effort and they just won approval for
effort and they just won approval for
effort and they just won approval for the use of these engineer T cells for
the use of these engineer T cells for
the use of these engineer T cells for the treatment of leukemia where they’re
the treatment of leukemia where they’re
the treatment of leukemia where they’re seeing about 90% cures in a case where
seeing about 90% cures in a case where
seeing about 90% cures in a case where with if left untreated there’s about 10%
with if left untreated there’s about 10%
with if left untreated there’s about 10% folks who survived after five years so
folks who survived after five years so
folks who survived after five years so at this point I’ve talked to you about
at this point I’ve talked to you about
at this point I’ve talked to you about the what I’ve talked to you about the
the what I’ve talked to you about the
the what I’ve talked to you about the how why did this start in the first
how why did this start in the first
how why did this start in the first place and it’s really the last form of
place and it’s really the last form of
place and it’s really the last form of cellular communication that I wanted to
cellular communication that I wanted to
cellular communication that I wanted to get across and that’s a form
get across and that’s a form
get across and that’s a form self communication this is called
self communication this is called
self communication this is called autocrine signaling this is where a cell
autocrine signaling this is where a cell
autocrine signaling this is where a cell secretes something and actually senses
secretes something and actually senses
secretes something and actually senses itself
itself
itself and I want to talk about this because
and I want to talk about this because
and I want to talk about this because this work started over 10 years ago at a
this work started over 10 years ago at a
this work started over 10 years ago at a moment where I was pretty torn about
moment where I was pretty torn about
moment where I was pretty torn about what I was going to do for my career I
what I was going to do for my career I
what I was going to do for my career I was training in medicine and in
was training in medicine and in
was training in medicine and in engineering destined to go into my third
engineering destined to go into my third
engineering destined to go into my third year of medicine and right before that I
year of medicine and right before that I
year of medicine and right before that I found myself in India as part of an
found myself in India as part of an
found myself in India as part of an observer ship I was acting as a
observer ship I was acting as a
observer ship I was acting as a third-year medical student observing
third-year medical student observing
third-year medical student observing this the healthcare system in this
this the healthcare system in this
this the healthcare system in this country and during that period of time I
country and during that period of time I
country and during that period of time I got to give research talks and at one
got to give research talks and at one
got to give research talks and at one place in particular the Christian
place in particular the Christian
place in particular the Christian medical college in south of India gave a
medical college in south of India gave a
medical college in south of India gave a talk and it really changed the way that
talk and it really changed the way that
talk and it really changed the way that I was thinking about my work and so
I was thinking about my work and so
I was thinking about my work and so after presenting my research a doctor
after presenting my research a doctor
after presenting my research a doctor came to me and said well it’s really
came to me and said well it’s really
came to me and said well it’s really exciting you know this prototype looks
exciting you know this prototype looks
exciting you know this prototype looks really cool what are you doing with it
really cool what are you doing with it
really cool what are you doing with it are you gonna bring it forward and
are you gonna bring it forward and
are you gonna bring it forward and advance it and you know I said no I’m
advance it and you know I said no I’m
advance it and you know I said no I’m probably not I’m gonna go to medical
probably not I’m gonna go to medical
probably not I’m gonna go to medical school and you know finish my training
school and you know finish my training
school and you know finish my training and and you know I think I’ll work on a
and and you know I think I’ll work on a
and and you know I think I’ll work on a new project at some point and so he took
new project at some point and so he took
new project at some point and so he took me aside he brought me to the neonatal
me aside he brought me to the neonatal
me aside he brought me to the neonatal intensive care unit of this hospital and
intensive care unit of this hospital and
intensive care unit of this hospital and he showed me a baby boy that had just
he showed me a baby boy that had just
he showed me a baby boy that had just been born and lost his mom
been born and lost his mom
been born and lost his mom due to the pregnancy due to liver
due to the pregnancy due to liver
due to the pregnancy due to liver disease something that I was working on
disease something that I was working on
disease something that I was working on and it was a time where he said to me
and it was a time where he said to me
and it was a time where he said to me and it was it was a hard thing to hear
and it was it was a hard thing to hear
and it was it was a hard thing to hear but that if I had been thinking more
but that if I had been thinking more
but that if I had been thinking more deeply about this and really trying to
deeply about this and really trying to
deeply about this and really trying to push myself to challenge myself to see
push myself to challenge myself to see
push myself to challenge myself to see how far I could take maybe someday a kid
how far I could take maybe someday a kid
how far I could take maybe someday a kid like this wouldn’t be an orphan and I
like this wouldn’t be an orphan and I
like this wouldn’t be an orphan and I tell you what that message burned a hole
tell you what that message burned a hole
tell you what that message burned a hole in my soul and it’s with me here today
in my soul and it’s with me here today
in my soul and it’s with me here today it’s in every single researcher that
it’s in every single researcher that
it’s in every single researcher that works alongside of me and I think it’s
works alongside of me and I think it’s
works alongside of me and I think it’s the motivation and really the energy
the motivation and really the energy
the motivation and really the energy that we’ve been bringing to this work
that we’ve been bringing to this work
that we’ve been bringing to this work for so many years so we’ve been trying
for so many years so we’ve been trying
for so many years so we’ve been trying to make science come alive with these
to make science come alive with these
to make science come alive with these types of innovations in these types of
types of innovations in these types of
types of innovations in these types of medical products and there is actually
medical products and there is actually
medical products and there is actually other ways to bring science to life and
other ways to bring science to life and
other ways to bring science to life and we’ve been actually toying around with a
we’ve been actually toying around with a
we’ve been actually toying around with a new one which is a science fiction
new one which is a science fiction
new one which is a science fiction novel that’s gonna be coming out it’s
novel that’s gonna be coming out it’s
novel that’s gonna be coming out it’s going to talk about cells it’s going to
going to talk about cells it’s going to
going to talk about cells it’s going to talk about genetics and hopefully is
talk about genetics and hopefully is
talk about genetics and hopefully is going to stimulate some excitement among
going to stimulate some excitement among
going to stimulate some excitement among among the next generation of our youth
among the next generation of our youth
among the next generation of our youth to get involved in science and help come
to get involved in science and help come
to get involved in science and help come up with the the next innovations so with
up with the the next innovations so with
up with the the next innovations so with that in cumulative all of my cells I
that in cumulative all of my cells I
that in cumulative all of my cells I wanted to just say thank you very much
wanted to just say thank you very much
wanted to just say thank you very much and
”
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