[Applause] good morning everyone it’s indeed my
good morning everyone it’s indeed my
good morning everyone it’s indeed my great pleasure and privilege to be here
great pleasure and privilege to be here
great pleasure and privilege to be here what I am going to tell you about is a
what I am going to tell you about is a
what I am going to tell you about is a little bit on one of the most beautiful
little bit on one of the most beautiful
little bit on one of the most beautiful minds of the past century namely that of
minds of the past century namely that of
minds of the past century namely that of Albert Einstein and his famous equation
Albert Einstein and his famous equation
Albert Einstein and his famous equation is equal to MC square the manifestation
is equal to MC square the manifestation
is equal to MC square the manifestation of that the consequences of that in the
of that the consequences of that in the
of that the consequences of that in the year 1999 just when the century ended
year 1999 just when the century ended
year 1999 just when the century ended the American Time magazine asked for
the American Time magazine asked for
the American Time magazine asked for nominations for the person of the
nominations for the person of the
nominations for the person of the century award and as you can imagine
century award and as you can imagine
century award and as you can imagine there were hundreds of nominations made
there were hundreds of nominations made
there were hundreds of nominations made and they had a tough time to decide on
and they had a tough time to decide on
and they had a tough time to decide on the finalists there were three finalists
the finalists there were three finalists
the finalists there were three finalists the first one was Franklin Roosevelt for
the first one was Franklin Roosevelt for
the first one was Franklin Roosevelt for triumph or freedom over fascism and
triumph or freedom over fascism and
triumph or freedom over fascism and communism about him Bill Clinton wrote
communism about him Bill Clinton wrote
communism about him Bill Clinton wrote when our children’s children read the
when our children’s children read the
when our children’s children read the story of the 20th century they will see
story of the 20th century they will see
story of the 20th century they will see that above all it is the story of
that above all it is the story of
that above all it is the story of freedom strife the victory of democracy
freedom strife the victory of democracy
freedom strife the victory of democracy were fascism of tolerance over prejudice
were fascism of tolerance over prejudice
were fascism of tolerance over prejudice and they will see that the embodiment of
and they will see that the embodiment of
and they will see that the embodiment of that triumph was President Franklin
that triumph was President Franklin
that triumph was President Franklin Roosevelt and the second finalist was
Roosevelt and the second finalist was
Roosevelt and the second finalist was our own Mahatma Gandhi as the embodiment
our own Mahatma Gandhi as the embodiment
our own Mahatma Gandhi as the embodiment of human rights and his faith in
of human rights and his faith in
of human rights and his faith in non-violence in the same issue of Time
non-violence in the same issue of Time
non-violence in the same issue of Time magazine Johanna
magazine Johanna
magazine Johanna McGarry wrote in an age of empire and
McGarry wrote in an age of empire and
McGarry wrote in an age of empire and military might
military might
military might Mahatma Gandhi proved that the powerless
Mahatma Gandhi proved that the powerless
Mahatma Gandhi proved that the powerless set power and that force of arms would
set power and that force of arms would
set power and that force of arms would not forever prevail against force of
not forever prevail against force of
not forever prevail against force of spirit that is so important for all of
spirit that is so important for all of
spirit that is so important for all of us our passionate commitment non-violent
us our passionate commitment non-violent
us our passionate commitment non-violent activism willingness to accept
activism willingness to accept
activism willingness to accept punishment for civil disobedience were
punishment for civil disobedience were
punishment for civil disobedience were lessons that Mahatma Gandhi taught
lessons that Mahatma Gandhi taught
lessons that Mahatma Gandhi taught Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King learned them so did Nelson Mandela leash
learned them so did Nelson Mandela leash
learned them so did Nelson Mandela leash valensa the unknown Chinese who defied
valensa the unknown Chinese who defied
valensa the unknown Chinese who defied the tanks in 1989 and grandi is that
the tanks in 1989 and grandi is that
the tanks in 1989 and grandi is that rare great man held in universal steam a
rare great man held in universal steam a
rare great man held in universal steam a figure lifted from history to moral icon
figure lifted from history to moral icon
figure lifted from history to moral icon but the person who was chosen as the
but the person who was chosen as the
but the person who was chosen as the person of this century was Albert
person of this century was Albert
person of this century was Albert Einstein about him
Einstein about him
Einstein about him Frederick golden wrote Einstein was the
Frederick golden wrote Einstein was the
Frederick golden wrote Einstein was the preeminent scientist in essentially
preeminent scientist in essentially
preeminent scientist in essentially dominated by science the touchstones of
dominated by science the touchstones of
dominated by science the touchstones of the era the atomic bomb the big bang
the era the atomic bomb the big bang
the era the atomic bomb the big bang quantum physics and electronics all bear
quantum physics and electronics all bear
quantum physics and electronics all bear his imprint he was the embodiment of
his imprint he was the embodiment of
his imprint he was the embodiment of pure intellect he was unfathomably
pure intellect he was unfathomably
pure intellect he was unfathomably profound the genius among geniuses who
profound the genius among geniuses who
profound the genius among geniuses who discovered merely by thinking about it
discovered merely by thinking about it
discovered merely by thinking about it that the universe was not a tragic scene
that the universe was not a tragic scene
that the universe was not a tragic scene although he was really a genius among
although he was really a genius among
although he was really a genius among geniuses he did very well in college but
geniuses he did very well in college but
geniuses he did very well in college but he had great difficulty in finding a
he had great difficulty in finding a
he had great difficulty in finding a teaching job in a school and therefore
teaching job in a school and therefore
teaching job in a school and therefore after the large number of unsuccessful
after the large number of unsuccessful
after the large number of unsuccessful it’s a lesson for all of us that
it’s a lesson for all of us that
it’s a lesson for all of us that failures do not matter we have to keep
failures do not matter we have to keep
failures do not matter we have to keep trying and eventually in 1905 when
trying and eventually in 1905 when
trying and eventually in 1905 when Einstein was 26 years old and while
Einstein was 26 years old and while
Einstein was 26 years old and while working in total isolation not in a
working in total isolation not in a
working in total isolation not in a university not in a research laboratory
university not in a research laboratory
university not in a research laboratory but in the Swiss Patent Office all by
but in the Swiss Patent Office all by
but in the Swiss Patent Office all by himself he published five outstanding
himself he published five outstanding
himself he published five outstanding papers these five papers are often
papers these five papers are often
papers these five papers are often referred to as the annus mirabilis
referred to as the annus mirabilis
referred to as the annus mirabilis papers annus mirabilis are latin words
papers annus mirabilis are latin words
papers annus mirabilis are latin words meaning miraculous here and there for
meaning miraculous here and there for
meaning miraculous here and there for the year 1905 is known as Einsteins year
the year 1905 is known as Einsteins year
the year 1905 is known as Einsteins year of miracles the Year 1666 was the year
of miracles the Year 1666 was the year
of miracles the Year 1666 was the year of miracles for Isaac Newton when the
of miracles for Isaac Newton when the
of miracles for Isaac Newton when the University of Cambridge closed down
University of Cambridge closed down
University of Cambridge closed down because of the plague in the United
because of the plague in the United
because of the plague in the United Kingdom and Newton was sent home and
Kingdom and Newton was sent home and
Kingdom and Newton was sent home and there in total isolation he wrote down
there in total isolation he wrote down
there in total isolation he wrote down the law
the law
the law of motional of the planetary motion he
of motional of the planetary motion he
of motional of the planetary motion he worked out a theory of app optics and
worked out a theory of app optics and
worked out a theory of app optics and also he introduced the calculus in the
also he introduced the calculus in the
also he introduced the calculus in the five papers that he published the first
five papers that he published the first
five papers that he published the first one was on a new method for
one was on a new method for
one was on a new method for determination of molecular dimensions
determination of molecular dimensions
determination of molecular dimensions the size of water molecules for example
the size of water molecules for example
the size of water molecules for example how big it is he gave a very beautiful
how big it is he gave a very beautiful
how big it is he gave a very beautiful method for the determination of that
method for the determination of that
method for the determination of that size in the second paper which was
size in the second paper which was
size in the second paper which was revolutionary in nature he said
revolutionary in nature he said
revolutionary in nature he said radiation that is light can be emitted
radiation that is light can be emitted
radiation that is light can be emitted or absorbed only discrete amounts called
or absorbed only discrete amounts called
or absorbed only discrete amounts called quanta packets of energy and the value
quanta packets of energy and the value
quanta packets of energy and the value of that energy was proportional to the
of that energy was proportional to the
of that energy was proportional to the frequency nu of the radiation that is
frequency nu of the radiation that is
frequency nu of the radiation that is emitted and these quanta are now known
emitted and these quanta are now known
emitted and these quanta are now known as photons this was a revolutionary
as photons this was a revolutionary
as photons this was a revolutionary concept because at that point of time
concept because at that point of time
concept because at that point of time Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave theory
Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave theory
Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave theory that light was a wave phenomena was very
that light was a wave phenomena was very
that light was a wave phenomena was very well accepted and this eventually led to
well accepted and this eventually led to
well accepted and this eventually led to what is known as the wave particle
what is known as the wave particle
what is known as the wave particle duality and the development of quantum
duality and the development of quantum
duality and the development of quantum theory quantum theory has been a
theory quantum theory has been a
theory quantum theory has been a revolution in the in the past century
revolution in the in the past century
revolution in the in the past century and that was introduced by by Albert
and that was introduced by by Albert
and that was introduced by by Albert Einstein in the year 1905 and in the
Einstein in the year 1905 and in the
Einstein in the year 1905 and in the third paper Albert Einstein gave a very
third paper Albert Einstein gave a very
third paper Albert Einstein gave a very beautiful theory of Brownian motion
beautiful theory of Brownian motion
beautiful theory of Brownian motion which involves the the movement of a big
which involves the the movement of a big
which involves the the movement of a big particle by continuous collisions with
particle by continuous collisions with
particle by continuous collisions with many smaller molecules of the gas the
many smaller molecules of the gas the
many smaller molecules of the gas the smaller molecules in this video is shown
smaller molecules in this video is shown
smaller molecules in this video is shown by tiny dots and a big particle like a
by tiny dots and a big particle like a
by tiny dots and a big particle like a virus will make random movement and it
virus will make random movement and it
virus will make random movement and it is this random movement of which he gave
is this random movement of which he gave
is this random movement of which he gave a very beautiful theory in his fourth
a very beautiful theory in his fourth
a very beautiful theory in his fourth paper he put forward the special theory
paper he put forward the special theory
paper he put forward the special theory of relativity which implied that time is
of relativity which implied that time is
of relativity which implied that time is not absolute if I go from here on a fast
not absolute if I go from here on a fast
not absolute if I go from here on a fast aircraft and come back my watch will
aircraft and come back my watch will
aircraft and come back my watch will show a slightly different time than
show a slightly different time than
show a slightly different time than yours and in the v paper he introduced
yours and in the v paper he introduced
yours and in the v paper he introduced the famous equation e is equal to MC
the famous equation e is equal to MC
the famous equation e is equal to MC square
square
square and this equation has become so famous
and this equation has become so famous
and this equation has become so famous that many have put on their shirt many
that many have put on their shirt many
that many have put on their shirt many have tattooed them on their back or
have tattooed them on their back or
have tattooed them on their back or front so in the previous of the book
front so in the previous of the book
front so in the previous of the book which has the title of E is equal to MC
which has the title of E is equal to MC
which has the title of E is equal to MC square a biography of the world’s most
square a biography of the world’s most
square a biography of the world’s most famous equation david botanist the
famous equation david botanist the
famous equation david botanist the author writes a few years ago i was
author writes a few years ago i was
author writes a few years ago i was reading an interview with the actress
reading an interview with the actress
reading an interview with the actress Cameron Diaz in a movie magazine at the
Cameron Diaz in a movie magazine at the
Cameron Diaz in a movie magazine at the end the interviewer asked her if there
end the interviewer asked her if there
end the interviewer asked her if there was anything she wanted to know and she
was anything she wanted to know and she
was anything she wanted to know and she said she would like to know what E is
said she would like to know what E is
said she would like to know what E is equal to MC square really means they
equal to MC square really means they
equal to MC square really means they both laughed then Diaz mumbled that she
both laughed then Diaz mumbled that she
both laughed then Diaz mumbled that she had meant it and then the interview
had meant it and then the interview
had meant it and then the interview ended so if a beautiful actress like
ended so if a beautiful actress like
ended so if a beautiful actress like Cameron Diaz wants to move what really
Cameron Diaz wants to move what really
Cameron Diaz wants to move what really is equal to MC square means so I thought
is equal to MC square means so I thought
is equal to MC square means so I thought people in at-large public at large would
people in at-large public at large would
people in at-large public at large would be interested to know and that is the
be interested to know and that is the
be interested to know and that is the purpose of this talk and this equation
purpose of this talk and this equation
purpose of this talk and this equation implies the equivalence of mass and
implies the equivalence of mass and
implies the equivalence of mass and energy and that mass can be converted to
energy and that mass can be converted to
energy and that mass can be converted to energy and vice versa and the
energy and vice versa and the
energy and vice versa and the manifestations of this beautiful
manifestations of this beautiful
manifestations of this beautiful principle so let us consider two magnets
principle so let us consider two magnets
principle so let us consider two magnets facing each other without having an
facing each other without having an
facing each other without having an exact mass each having an exact mass of
exact mass each having an exact mass of
exact mass each having an exact mass of one kilogram and when they attract and
one kilogram and when they attract and
one kilogram and when they attract and get stuck together then their mass total
get stuck together then their mass total
get stuck together then their mass total mass is slightly less and this we assume
mass is slightly less and this we assume
mass is slightly less and this we assume let us suppose a loss of mass of about a
let us suppose a loss of mass of about a
let us suppose a loss of mass of about a millionth of a gram and which is a
millionth of a gram and which is a
millionth of a gram and which is a billionth of a kilogram then when the
billionth of a kilogram then when the
billionth of a kilogram then when the two magnets joined together there is a
two magnets joined together there is a
two magnets joined together there is a slight change in the mass and if I
slight change in the mass and if I
slight change in the mass and if I multiply with the square of the velocity
multiply with the square of the velocity
multiply with the square of the velocity of light which is 300 million meters per
of light which is 300 million meters per
of light which is 300 million meters per second we find that in the process of
second we find that in the process of
second we find that in the process of the two magnets hitting and ninety
the two magnets hitting and ninety
the two magnets hitting and ninety million joules of energy will be
million joules of energy will be
million joules of energy will be released and this energy will be
released and this energy will be
released and this energy will be released in the form of heat because the
released in the form of heat because the
released in the form of heat because the they will hit together with the
they will hit together with the
they will hit together with the tremendous velocity
tremendous velocity
tremendous velocity thus a loss of mass of a
thus a loss of mass of a
thus a loss of mass of a one millionth of a gram will correspond
one millionth of a gram will correspond
one millionth of a gram will correspond to a release of about 90 million joules
to a release of about 90 million joules
to a release of about 90 million joules of energy on the other hand when the mic
of energy on the other hand when the mic
of energy on the other hand when the mic two magnets are stuck together it will
two magnets are stuck together it will
two magnets are stuck together it will require about 90 million joules of
require about 90 million joules of
require about 90 million joules of energy which would be supplied by your
energy which would be supplied by your
energy which would be supplied by your muscles to separate them and in the
muscles to separate them and in the
muscles to separate them and in the process a tiny amount of mass will be
process a tiny amount of mass will be
process a tiny amount of mass will be created so that if two magnets are stuck
created so that if two magnets are stuck
created so that if two magnets are stuck together
together
together a strongly bound system if you make it a
a strongly bound system if you make it a
a strongly bound system if you make it a loosely bound system you’ll have to do
loosely bound system you’ll have to do
loosely bound system you’ll have to do work on it and when you do when you
work on it and when you do when you
work on it and when you do when you supply energy a small amount of mass
supply energy a small amount of mass
supply energy a small amount of mass gets created to give you an idea what
gets created to give you an idea what
gets created to give you an idea what one Joule is a hundred watt bulb gives
one Joule is a hundred watt bulb gives
one Joule is a hundred watt bulb gives out hundred joules of energy per second
out hundred joules of energy per second
out hundred joules of energy per second now any atom consists of a tiny nucleus
now any atom consists of a tiny nucleus
now any atom consists of a tiny nucleus which is at the center of the atom which
which is at the center of the atom which
which is at the center of the atom which has occupies a very very small space and
has occupies a very very small space and
has occupies a very very small space and which consists of neutrons and protons
which consists of neutrons and protons
which consists of neutrons and protons held together by strong nuclear forces
held together by strong nuclear forces
held together by strong nuclear forces in the drag Ram the lithium atom
in the drag Ram the lithium atom
in the drag Ram the lithium atom consists of three electrons orbiting
consists of three electrons orbiting
consists of three electrons orbiting around a nucleus which consists of three
around a nucleus which consists of three
around a nucleus which consists of three protons and four neutrons so the
protons and four neutrons so the
protons and four neutrons so the simplest nucleus is the dirt around
simplest nucleus is the dirt around
simplest nucleus is the dirt around nucleus which consists of a proton and
nucleus which consists of a proton and
nucleus which consists of a proton and neutron and stuck together and therefore
neutron and stuck together and therefore
neutron and stuck together and therefore because there will be a certain amount
because there will be a certain amount
because there will be a certain amount of energy that is required to separate
of energy that is required to separate
of energy that is required to separate them if they are separated then that
them if they are separated then that
them if they are separated then that will be more than the deuteron nucleus
will be more than the deuteron nucleus
will be more than the deuteron nucleus itself and in the process in the so the
itself and in the process in the so the
itself and in the process in the so the energy released when they get stuck
energy released when they get stuck
energy released when they get stuck together is two point two three million
together is two point two three million
together is two point two three million electron volts million electron volt is
electron volts million electron volt is
electron volts million electron volt is an energy that nuclear physicists use
an energy that nuclear physicists use
an energy that nuclear physicists use which is about one tenth of a billet
which is about one tenth of a billet
which is about one tenth of a billet trillionth of one Jun so you will have
trillionth of one Jun so you will have
trillionth of one Jun so you will have to supply a certain amount of energy to
to supply a certain amount of energy to
to supply a certain amount of energy to make a tightly bound system like the
make a tightly bound system like the
make a tightly bound system like the deuteron nucleus to go over to a loosely
deuteron nucleus to go over to a loosely
deuteron nucleus to go over to a loosely bound system thereby creating a small
bound system thereby creating a small
bound system thereby creating a small amount of mass and similarly if a
amount of mass and similarly if a
amount of mass and similarly if a loosely bound system
loosely bound system
loosely bound system goes over to a title mall system certain
goes over to a title mall system certain
goes over to a title mall system certain amount of energy is released so you have
amount of energy is released so you have
amount of energy is released so you have the famous fusion reaction in which you
the famous fusion reaction in which you
the famous fusion reaction in which you have a deuteron nucleus which consists
have a deuteron nucleus which consists
have a deuteron nucleus which consists of a proton and neutron and the tritium
of a proton and neutron and the tritium
of a proton and neutron and the tritium nucleus which consists of one proton and
nucleus which consists of one proton and
nucleus which consists of one proton and two neutrons they fuse together and this
two neutrons they fuse together and this
two neutrons they fuse together and this fusion takes place at extremely high
fusion takes place at extremely high
fusion takes place at extremely high temperature because these are both
temperature because these are both
temperature because these are both positively charged particles they repel
positively charged particles they repel
positively charged particles they repel and so they fuse together and to form a
and so they fuse together and to form a
and so they fuse together and to form a neutron and an alpha particle in the
neutron and an alpha particle in the
neutron and an alpha particle in the beginning you have three neutrons and
beginning you have three neutrons and
beginning you have three neutrons and two protons and in the in the end you
two protons and in the in the end you
two protons and in the in the end you also have three neutrons and two protons
also have three neutrons and two protons
also have three neutrons and two protons except for the fact that the alpha
except for the fact that the alpha
except for the fact that the alpha particle is very tightly bound and so
particle is very tightly bound and so
particle is very tightly bound and so therefore therefore there is a loss in
therefore therefore there is a loss in
therefore therefore there is a loss in mass and a considerable amount of energy
mass and a considerable amount of energy
mass and a considerable amount of energy is emitted in the form of kinetic energy
is emitted in the form of kinetic energy
is emitted in the form of kinetic energy motion energy associated with the alpha
motion energy associated with the alpha
motion energy associated with the alpha particle and the neutron the binding
particle and the neutron the binding
particle and the neutron the binding energy of the deuteron is 2.2 3mf of the
energy of the deuteron is 2.2 3mf of the
energy of the deuteron is 2.2 3mf of the tritium is eight point four eight so the
tritium is eight point four eight so the
tritium is eight point four eight so the total binding energy is ten point seven
total binding energy is ten point seven
total binding energy is ten point seven million electron volts that is ten point
million electron volts that is ten point
million electron volts that is ten point seven million electron volts will be
seven million electron volts will be
seven million electron volts will be required to separate all the five
required to separate all the five
required to separate all the five particles on the other hand the binding
particles on the other hand the binding
particles on the other hand the binding energy of the alpha particle is very
energy of the alpha particle is very
energy of the alpha particle is very large that is a very tightly bound
large that is a very tightly bound
large that is a very tightly bound nucleus and in the process therefore
nucleus and in the process therefore
nucleus and in the process therefore seventeen point six MeV of energy will
seventeen point six MeV of energy will
seventeen point six MeV of energy will be released which is in the form of heat
be released which is in the form of heat
be released which is in the form of heat so that if you have such reactions then
so that if you have such reactions then
so that if you have such reactions then heat will be generated although the
heat will be generated although the
heat will be generated although the number of neutrons and protons remain
number of neutrons and protons remain
number of neutrons and protons remain the same such fusion reactions therefore
the same such fusion reactions therefore
the same such fusion reactions therefore require very high temperature our Sun is
require very high temperature our Sun is
require very high temperature our Sun is like a four hundred trillion trillion
like a four hundred trillion trillion
like a four hundred trillion trillion watt light bulb
watt light bulb
watt light bulb therefore it emits four hundred trillion
therefore it emits four hundred trillion
therefore it emits four hundred trillion trillion joules of energy per second and
trillion joules of energy per second and
trillion joules of energy per second and if we now use the equation we will find
if we now use the equation we will find
if we now use the equation we will find that the mass that is continuously
that the mass that is continuously
that the mass that is continuously getting converted to energy is four
getting converted to energy is four
getting converted to energy is four billion kilograms per second so in one
billion kilograms per second so in one
billion kilograms per second so in one second the Sun is losing mass of the
second the Sun is losing mass of the
second the Sun is losing mass of the order of
order of
order of four billion kilograms and so therefore
four billion kilograms and so therefore
four billion kilograms and so therefore every year about 120,000 trillion
every year about 120,000 trillion
every year about 120,000 trillion kilograms of mass is continuously
kilograms of mass is continuously
kilograms of mass is continuously getting converted into energy this is a
getting converted into energy this is a
getting converted into energy this is a huge amount of mass but the Sun is so
huge amount of mass but the Sun is so
huge amount of mass but the Sun is so big that the fractional change is
big that the fractional change is
big that the fractional change is extremely small so initially our Sun
extremely small so initially our Sun
extremely small so initially our Sun this consists of hydrogen atoms and
this consists of hydrogen atoms and
this consists of hydrogen atoms and which attracted each other
which attracted each other
which attracted each other gravitational pull and as they collapsed
gravitational pull and as they collapsed
gravitational pull and as they collapsed a loosely bound system went over to a
a loosely bound system went over to a
a loosely bound system went over to a tightly bound system creating heat so it
tightly bound system creating heat so it
tightly bound system creating heat so it became hot and it became so hot
became hot and it became so hot
became hot and it became so hot that the fusion reaction started we are
that the fusion reaction started we are
that the fusion reaction started we are at this moment about 4.5 billion years
at this moment about 4.5 billion years
at this moment about 4.5 billion years and as we as the nuclear fuel inside the
and as we as the nuclear fuel inside the
and as we as the nuclear fuel inside the Sun gets exhausted the gravity will not
Sun gets exhausted the gravity will not
Sun gets exhausted the gravity will not be able to hold it together and it will
be able to hold it together and it will
be able to hold it together and it will form a red giant in about five billion
form a red giant in about five billion
form a red giant in about five billion years and will envelop the earth and
years and will envelop the earth and
years and will envelop the earth and then astrophysicists tell us that in
then astrophysicists tell us that in
then astrophysicists tell us that in another five billion years it will
another five billion years it will
another five billion years it will collapse to form what is known as a
collapse to form what is known as a
collapse to form what is known as a white dwarf star so in a later statement
white dwarf star so in a later statement
white dwarf star so in a later statement explaining the ideas expressed by the
explaining the ideas expressed by the
explaining the ideas expressed by the equation is equal to MC square
equation is equal to MC square
equation is equal to MC square Einstein summarized these are nine
Einstein summarized these are nine
Einstein summarized these are nine Stein’s own words which you can see on
Stein’s own words which you can see on
Stein’s own words which you can see on YouTube it’s followed from the special
YouTube it’s followed from the special
YouTube it’s followed from the special theory of relativity that mass and
theory of relativity that mass and
theory of relativity that mass and energy are both but different
energy are both but different
energy are both but different manifestations of the same thing as
manifestations of the same thing as
manifestations of the same thing as somewhat unfamiliar conception for the
somewhat unfamiliar conception for the
somewhat unfamiliar conception for the average mind furthermore the equation is
average mind furthermore the equation is
average mind furthermore the equation is equal to MC square in which energy is
equal to MC square in which energy is
equal to MC square in which energy is put equal to mass multiplied by the
put equal to mass multiplied by the
put equal to mass multiplied by the square of the velocity of light shown
square of the velocity of light shown
square of the velocity of light shown that very small amount of mass may be
that very small amount of mass may be
that very small amount of mass may be converted into a very large amount of
converted into a very large amount of
converted into a very large amount of energy and visa versa if we have
energy and visa versa if we have
energy and visa versa if we have uncontrolled fusion reactions we have
uncontrolled fusion reactions we have
uncontrolled fusion reactions we have what is known as the hydrogen bomb which
what is known as the hydrogen bomb which
what is known as the hydrogen bomb which is threatening mankind today
is threatening mankind today
is threatening mankind today on the other hand if we have controlled
on the other hand if we have controlled
on the other hand if we have controlled fusion reactions we have what is known
fusion reactions we have what is known
fusion reactions we have what is known as the fusion reactor which is the
as the fusion reactor which is the
as the fusion reactor which is the future of energy generation process and
future of energy generation process and
future of energy generation process and we have unlimited supply of fusion power
we have unlimited supply of fusion power
we have unlimited supply of fusion power ahead of us right now extensive research
ahead of us right now extensive research
ahead of us right now extensive research is going on in two different types of
is going on in two different types of
is going on in two different types of fusion reactors one in which the fusion
fusion reactors one in which the fusion
fusion reactors one in which the fusion system consists of powerful laser beams
system consists of powerful laser beams
system consists of powerful laser beams a large number of laser beams light
a large number of laser beams light
a large number of laser beams light beams are focused and and onto the
beams are focused and and onto the
beams are focused and and onto the target and creating extremely high
target and creating extremely high
target and creating extremely high temperature and generation of what is
temperature and generation of what is
temperature and generation of what is known as fusion power this photograph is
known as fusion power this photograph is
known as fusion power this photograph is the set up at the Lawrence Livermore
the set up at the Lawrence Livermore
the set up at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in the United States which
Laboratory in the United States which
Laboratory in the United States which can deliver more than 500 trillion watts
can deliver more than 500 trillion watts
can deliver more than 500 trillion watts of peak power to the target and this is
of peak power to the target and this is
of peak power to the target and this is the second the other device is known as
the second the other device is known as
the second the other device is known as the Tomic tokamak which uses a powerful
the Tomic tokamak which uses a powerful
the Tomic tokamak which uses a powerful magnetic field to confine a plasma in
magnetic field to confine a plasma in
magnetic field to confine a plasma in the shape of a torus for producing
the shape of a torus for producing
the shape of a torus for producing controlled thermonuclear fusion power in
controlled thermonuclear fusion power in
controlled thermonuclear fusion power in fact as most of you would know that
fact as most of you would know that
fact as most of you would know that India is a very active partner in that
India is a very active partner in that
India is a very active partner in that and we hope I sincerely hope in my
and we hope I sincerely hope in my
and we hope I sincerely hope in my lifetime I am able to see these fusion
lifetime I am able to see these fusion
lifetime I am able to see these fusion reactors in operation so as bananas in
reactors in operation so as bananas in
reactors in operation so as bananas in the same book on ease equal to MC square
the same book on ease equal to MC square
the same book on ease equal to MC square writes it is as if when God created the
writes it is as if when God created the
writes it is as if when God created the universe he had said I’m going to put X
universe he had said I’m going to put X
universe he had said I’m going to put X amount of energy in this universal mind
amount of energy in this universal mind
amount of energy in this universal mind so when he created this universe he had
so when he created this universe he had
so when he created this universe he had put a certain amount of energy into this
put a certain amount of energy into this
put a certain amount of energy into this universe I will let stars grow and
universe I will let stars grow and
universe I will let stars grow and explode
explode
explode there will be fires explosion of
there will be fires explosion of
there will be fires explosion of volcanoes despite all these variations
volcanoes despite all these variations
volcanoes despite all these variations the total amount of energy will remain
the total amount of energy will remain
the total amount of energy will remain the same so there will be continuous
the same so there will be continuous
the same so there will be continuous transformation from energy to mass and
transformation from energy to mass and
transformation from energy to mass and from mass to energy the amount I created
from mass to energy the amount I created
from mass to energy the amount I created at the beginning will not change there
at the beginning will not change there
at the beginning will not change there will not be one millionth part less than
will not be one millionth part less than
will not be one millionth part less than what was there to start so with that I
what was there to start so with that I
what was there to start so with that I end my lecture
end my lecture
end my lecture thank you very much
”
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