[Music] [Applause]
welcome everybody and and konnichiwa as
welcome everybody and and konnichiwa as we say here in Japan it’s a great
we say here in Japan it’s a great
we say here in Japan it’s a great pleasure to see in particular so many
pleasure to see in particular so many
pleasure to see in particular so many young and happy faces because it’s you
young and happy faces because it’s you
young and happy faces because it’s you young people the young students the
young people the young students the
young people the young students the young scientists the young postdocs who
young scientists the young postdocs who
young scientists the young postdocs who were born into an age with an advanced
were born into an age with an advanced
were born into an age with an advanced technology that recited in the
technology that recited in the
technology that recited in the historically highest level of prosperity
historically highest level of prosperity
historically highest level of prosperity but as a consequence you have also
but as a consequence you have also
but as a consequence you have also inherited some global challenges such as
inherited some global challenges such as
inherited some global challenges such as climate change such as increasing energy
climate change such as increasing energy
climate change such as increasing energy demand and there’s almost a real inner
demand and there’s almost a real inner
demand and there’s almost a real inner relative relationship between the wealth
relative relationship between the wealth
relative relationship between the wealth of a country and the amount of energy
of a country and the amount of energy
of a country and the amount of energy that is being used and in not so distant
that is being used and in not so distant
that is being used and in not so distant future we will have 9 billion people
future we will have 9 billion people
future we will have 9 billion people living on this planet many of them will
living on this planet many of them will
living on this planet many of them will be in aging societies with all the
be in aging societies with all the
be in aging societies with all the related diseases so mankind relies on
related diseases so mankind relies on
related diseases so mankind relies on your creativity your intelligence your
your creativity your intelligence your
your creativity your intelligence your integrity and your responsibility to
integrity and your responsibility to
integrity and your responsibility to solve these problems that are ahead of
solve these problems that are ahead of
solve these problems that are ahead of you and being on the brink of the fourth
you and being on the brink of the fourth
you and being on the brink of the fourth Industrial Revolution we will reach very
Industrial Revolution we will reach very
Industrial Revolution we will reach very soon the age of exponential knowledge
soon the age of exponential knowledge
soon the age of exponential knowledge that is to say the collective global
that is to say the collective global
that is to say the collective global knowledge will double every 12 hours
knowledge will double every 12 hours
knowledge will double every 12 hours this is a result of women and men
this is a result of women and men
this is a result of women and men worldwide dedicating their life to
worldwide dedicating their life to
worldwide dedicating their life to generating knowledge through science and
generating knowledge through science and
generating knowledge through science and as one of them I can assure you there is
as one of them I can assure you there is
as one of them I can assure you there is no profession that allows you such an
no profession that allows you such an
no profession that allows you such an intellectual freedom
intellectual freedom
intellectual freedom freedom to put your ideas into effect
freedom to put your ideas into effect
freedom to put your ideas into effect and have an impact on the course of
and have an impact on the course of
and have an impact on the course of history having spent a life in science
history having spent a life in science
history having spent a life in science myself I thought I sum up what is
myself I thought I sum up what is
myself I thought I sum up what is necessary to become young a good
necessary to become young a good
necessary to become young a good scientist in the essence of what I
scientist in the essence of what I
scientist in the essence of what I learned can be summarized in the five Cs
learned can be summarized in the five Cs
learned can be summarized in the five Cs of success first be curious Albert
of success first be curious Albert
of success first be curious Albert Einstein once said I have and we’ve just
Einstein once said I have and we’ve just
Einstein once said I have and we’ve just seen him we have well on a picture I
seen him we have well on a picture I
seen him we have well on a picture I have no special talent I’m just
have no special talent I’m just
have no special talent I’m just passionately curious so all of you will
passionately curious so all of you will
passionately curious so all of you will know that you are doing the right thing
know that you are doing the right thing
know that you are doing the right thing if you are passionate about it do not
if you are passionate about it do not
if you are passionate about it do not drag on projects or things that you do
drag on projects or things that you do
drag on projects or things that you do not like to do just to please others an
not like to do just to please others an
not like to do just to please others an intense curiosity has served many of the
intense curiosity has served many of the
intense curiosity has served many of the greatest scientists around the globe and
greatest scientists around the globe and
greatest scientists around the globe and very often they did not find what they
very often they did not find what they
very often they did not find what they were originally setting out to do there
were originally setting out to do there
were originally setting out to do there was roentgens discovery of the x-ray
was roentgens discovery of the x-ray
was roentgens discovery of the x-ray there was Alexander Fleming discovery of
there was Alexander Fleming discovery of
there was Alexander Fleming discovery of lysozyme and penicillin and the more
lysozyme and penicillin and the more
lysozyme and penicillin and the more recent example or a manual sharpen Jay
recent example or a manual sharpen Jay
recent example or a manual sharpen Jay and Geneva dude nos discovery of the
and Geneva dude nos discovery of the
and Geneva dude nos discovery of the crisp our cusp a system now these two
crisp our cusp a system now these two
crisp our cusp a system now these two ladies set out to study a bacterial
ladies set out to study a bacterial
ladies set out to study a bacterial defense system a system that protects
defense system a system that protects
defense system a system that protects the bacteria from certain viruses but
the bacteria from certain viruses but
the bacteria from certain viruses but what that finding turned out to be is
what that finding turned out to be is
what that finding turned out to be is the hottest gene editing tool that is
the hottest gene editing tool that is
the hottest gene editing tool that is available currently and that has come
available currently and that has come
available currently and that has come out of curiosity driven research and
out of curiosity driven research and
out of curiosity driven research and with the help of this tool in the
with the help of this tool in the
with the help of this tool in the not-too-distant future we will be able
not-too-distant future we will be able
not-too-distant future we will be able to cure genetic diseases and I mean pure
to cure genetic diseases and I mean pure
to cure genetic diseases and I mean pure genetic diseases we will be able to
genetic diseases we will be able to
genetic diseases we will be able to treat certain cancers and that is just
treat certain cancers and that is just
treat certain cancers and that is just an example of what the value of funding
an example of what the value of funding
an example of what the value of funding basic research and as my mentor Nobel
basic research and as my mentor Nobel
basic research and as my mentor Nobel Prize laureate Manfred eigen said
Prize laureate Manfred eigen said
Prize laureate Manfred eigen said everything that is new has to come from
everything that is new has to come from
everything that is new has to come from basic research or else it wouldn’t be
basic research or else it wouldn’t be
basic research or else it wouldn’t be new of course you need to understand the
new of course you need to understand the
new of course you need to understand the new that you discover many have seen an
new that you discover many have seen an
new that you discover many have seen an apple fall but only Newton understood
apple fall but only Newton understood
apple fall but only Newton understood the concept of gravity next important
the concept of gravity next important
the concept of gravity next important issue is be creative because creativity
issue is be creative because creativity
issue is be creative because creativity comes from the recognition that there
comes from the recognition that there
comes from the recognition that there are alternative ways to see things it is
are alternative ways to see things it is
are alternative ways to see things it is the power to connect the seemingly
the power to connect the seemingly
the power to connect the seemingly unconnected now there are many examples
unconnected now there are many examples
unconnected now there are many examples for creativity but the one I selected
for creativity but the one I selected
for creativity but the one I selected here was that allows me also to have a
here was that allows me also to have a
here was that allows me also to have a bridge between creativity and
bridge between creativity and
bridge between creativity and breakthrough innovation because they are
breakthrough innovation because they are
breakthrough innovation because they are based on very similar principles this
based on very similar principles this
based on very similar principles this one is from Tim berners-lee and Tim
one is from Tim berners-lee and Tim
one is from Tim berners-lee and Tim berners-lee
berners-lee
berners-lee was a young man only of the age of 25
was a young man only of the age of 25
was a young man only of the age of 25 when he was working in CERN and came up
when he was working in CERN and came up
when he was working in CERN and came up with a proposal to the to the the chair
with a proposal to the to the the chair
with a proposal to the to the the chair of CERN to the director of CERN to
of CERN to the director of CERN to
of CERN to the director of CERN to arrange a communication system between
arrange a communication system between
arrange a communication system between computers that were widespread around
computers that were widespread around
computers that were widespread around the campus and as you can see the
the campus and as you can see the
the campus and as you can see the director of CERN then wrote it’s vague
director of CERN then wrote it’s vague
director of CERN then wrote it’s vague but exciting and indeed he gave Tim
but exciting and indeed he gave Tim
but exciting and indeed he gave Tim berners-lee the freedom to continue with
berners-lee the freedom to continue with
berners-lee the freedom to continue with this idea with this concept and we all
this idea with this concept and we all
this idea with this concept and we all know what’s happened the World Wide Web
know what’s happened the World Wide Web
know what’s happened the World Wide Web the internet actually the entire global
the internet actually the entire global
the internet actually the entire global communication system has been based on
communication system has been based on
communication system has been based on that particular discovery next one is be
that particular discovery next one is be
that particular discovery next one is be courageous don’t accept a trottin path
courage means you do not accept limits a
courage means you do not accept limits a friend of mine you
friend of mine you
friend of mine you see here Stefan hello we worked at the
see here Stefan hello we worked at the
see here Stefan hello we worked at the same Institute had an interest in light
same Institute had an interest in light
same Institute had an interest in light microscopy now you have to understand
microscopy now you have to understand
microscopy now you have to understand that the resolution power of light
that the resolution power of light
that the resolution power of light microscopy is half the wavelengths of
microscopy is half the wavelengths of
microscopy is half the wavelengths of light which comes up to about 250
light which comes up to about 250
light which comes up to about 250 nanometer now Stefan was interested in
nanometer now Stefan was interested in
nanometer now Stefan was interested in increasing the resolution power in
increasing the resolution power in
increasing the resolution power in getting more visibility in living
getting more visibility in living
getting more visibility in living objects and he was actually pretty
objects and he was actually pretty
objects and he was actually pretty criticized by many people around the
criticized by many people around the
criticized by many people around the globe but he didn’t gave up and so he
globe but he didn’t gave up and so he
globe but he didn’t gave up and so he developed a tool that he termed
developed a tool that he termed
developed a tool that he termed stimulated emission depletion it’s a
stimulated emission depletion it’s a
stimulated emission depletion it’s a system with fluorescence microscopy that
system with fluorescence microscopy that
system with fluorescence microscopy that now allows you the resolution to go down
now allows you the resolution to go down
now allows you the resolution to go down to 20 nanometers so you can literally
to 20 nanometers so you can literally
to 20 nanometers so you can literally see macromolecules in living cells and
see macromolecules in living cells and
see macromolecules in living cells and while he was criticized and originally
while he was criticized and originally
while he was criticized and originally had a say problem finding even jobs he
had a say problem finding even jobs he
had a say problem finding even jobs he wouldn’t have this problems today
wouldn’t have this problems today
wouldn’t have this problems today because in 2014 he received the Nobel
because in 2014 he received the Nobel
because in 2014 he received the Nobel Prize for that finding next is be
Prize for that finding next is be
Prize for that finding next is be critical and seek intellectual input for
critical and seek intellectual input for
critical and seek intellectual input for your work it is sometimes daunting and
your work it is sometimes daunting and
your work it is sometimes daunting and when it’s a little bit afraid of
when it’s a little bit afraid of
when it’s a little bit afraid of actively seeking criticism but it is
actively seeking criticism but it is
actively seeking criticism but it is necessary in order to assure that
necessary in order to assure that
necessary in order to assure that quality research is being done the best
quality research is being done the best
quality research is being done the best is you find mentors and sometimes
is you find mentors and sometimes
is you find mentors and sometimes mentors can be with you can be partners
mentors can be with you can be partners
mentors can be with you can be partners for life have a nice anecdote between
for life have a nice anecdote between
for life have a nice anecdote between two people who I value very highly
two people who I value very highly
two people who I value very highly friends one is Sydney Brenner and one is
friends one is Sydney Brenner and one is
friends one is Sydney Brenner and one is Munford I can boast got the Nobel Prize
Munford I can boast got the Nobel Prize
Munford I can boast got the Nobel Prize in various things and the story goes
in various things and the story goes
in various things and the story goes like the following Manfred Eicher was
like the following Manfred Eicher was
like the following Manfred Eicher was also an accomplished pianist so gay he
also an accomplished pianist so gay he
also an accomplished pianist so gay he gave a piano concert oh and Sydney
gave a piano concert oh and Sydney
gave a piano concert oh and Sydney Brenner was in the audience sitting next
Brenner was in the audience sitting next
Brenner was in the audience sitting next to a professional piano player in one
to a professional piano player in one
to a professional piano player in one Sydney a once month it has was done with
Sydney a once month it has was done with
Sydney a once month it has was done with his Mossad performance Sydney asked his
his Mossad performance Sydney asked his
his Mossad performance Sydney asked his the woman next to him
the woman next to him
the woman next to him so what do you think of him she said oh
so what do you think of him she said oh
so what do you think of him she said oh it’s not bad for a chemist so a day
it’s not bad for a chemist so a day
it’s not bad for a chemist so a day later
later
later Sidney and Manfred they were strolling
Sidney and Manfred they were strolling
Sidney and Manfred they were strolling around the Basel it was and Manfred
around the Basel it was and Manfred
around the Basel it was and Manfred explained to Sidney his latest theory
explained to Sidney his latest theory
explained to Sidney his latest theory about hypercycle in evolutionary biology
about hypercycle in evolutionary biology
about hypercycle in evolutionary biology so then Manfred our city so Sidney tell
so then Manfred our city so Sidney tell
so then Manfred our city so Sidney tell me what do you think of this theory he
me what do you think of this theory he
me what do you think of this theory he said not bad for a pianist so you can
said not bad for a pianist so you can
said not bad for a pianist so you can see even at that level you have you need
see even at that level you have you need
see even at that level you have you need to understand criticism and you invite
to understand criticism and you invite
to understand criticism and you invite criticism and you will get a lot of
criticism and you will get a lot of
criticism and you will get a lot of criticisms for your brand applications
criticisms for your brand applications
criticisms for your brand applications for your manuscripts they will be
for your manuscripts they will be
for your manuscripts they will be scrutinized some of them will be
scrutinized some of them will be
scrutinized some of them will be rejected but let that not discourage you
rejected but let that not discourage you
rejected but let that not discourage you because the peer-review system is not
because the peer-review system is not
because the peer-review system is not without flaws publish or perish is very
without flaws publish or perish is very
without flaws publish or perish is very real and we all know I think it’s not
real and we all know I think it’s not
real and we all know I think it’s not fair to judge a scientists merit by the
fair to judge a scientists merit by the
fair to judge a scientists merit by the number of publication he is being done
number of publication he is being done
number of publication he is being done or using matrix of impact factors of
or using matrix of impact factors of
or using matrix of impact factors of journals but it is a matter of life in
journals but it is a matter of life in
journals but it is a matter of life in science and we have to live with it in
science and we have to live with it in
science and we have to live with it in particular bureaucrats love it because
particular bureaucrats love it because
particular bureaucrats love it because it’s very easy to just say top medium or
it’s very easy to just say top medium or
it’s very easy to just say top medium or bottom we have to live with it but try
bottom we have to live with it but try
bottom we have to live with it but try to concentrate on content publications
to concentrate on content publications
to concentrate on content publications are necessary for career development why
are necessary for career development why
are necessary for career development why because they provide a means of
because they provide a means of
because they provide a means of documenting your results and more
documenting your results and more
documenting your results and more importantly they allow others to
importantly they allow others to
importantly they allow others to reproduce these data and build on them
reproduce these data and build on them
reproduce these data and build on them so innovation and breakthrough
so innovation and breakthrough
so innovation and breakthrough discoveries have only been possible due
discoveries have only been possible due
discoveries have only been possible due to the many experiments that preceded
to the many experiments that preceded
to the many experiments that preceded and publications that preceded them a
and publications that preceded them a
and publications that preceded them a Newton once said if I have seen further
Newton once said if I have seen further
Newton once said if I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of
it is by standing on the shoulders of
it is by standing on the shoulders of giants
giants
giants but make sure your work is correct we
but make sure your work is correct we
but make sure your work is correct we hear a lot of fake news or alternate
hear a lot of fake news or alternate
hear a lot of fake news or alternate effects and to me it sometimes appears
effects and to me it sometimes appears
effects and to me it sometimes appears that the Enlightenment movement of the
that the Enlightenment movement of the
that the Enlightenment movement of the 18th century has by has passed by a
18th century has by has passed by a
18th century has by has passed by a great number of people enlightenment as
great number of people enlightenment as
great number of people enlightenment as you know laid the foundation for reason
you know laid the foundation for reason
you know laid the foundation for reason it’s the primary source of authority and
it’s the primary source of authority and
it’s the primary source of authority and brought to the world Liberty progress
brought to the world Liberty progress
brought to the world Liberty progress and formed the basis for democratic
and formed the basis for democratic
and formed the basis for democratic governments there’s nothing like
governments there’s nothing like
governments there’s nothing like alternate effects except sometimes when
alternate effects except sometimes when
alternate effects except sometimes when I step on my scale in the morning I wish
I step on my scale in the morning I wish
I step on my scale in the morning I wish for some alternative facts but for you
for some alternative facts but for you
for some alternative facts but for you guys fake data in science the kiss of
guys fake data in science the kiss of
guys fake data in science the kiss of death of a scientific career last point
death of a scientific career last point
death of a scientific career last point be concerned be concerned with the
be concerned be concerned with the
be concerned be concerned with the research environment there are
research environment there are
research environment there are governmental institutions startups this
governmental institutions startups this
governmental institutions startups this industry there are philanthropic
industry there are philanthropic
industry there are philanthropic organizations they all can provide a
organizations they all can provide a
organizations they all can provide a conducive research environment the
conducive research environment the
conducive research environment the research goal of them may be different
research goal of them may be different
research goal of them may be different but many of these organizations allow
but many of these organizations allow
but many of these organizations allow what I like to call high trust funding
what I like to call high trust funding
what I like to call high trust funding and let me explain a little bit high
and let me explain a little bit high
and let me explain a little bit high trust versus low trust funding most
trust versus low trust funding most
trust versus low trust funding most organizations most universities depend
organizations most universities depend
organizations most universities depend on low trust funding they have to bring
on low trust funding they have to bring
on low trust funding they have to bring in research funds from grants and
in research funds from grants and
in research funds from grants and applications peer review however is a
applications peer review however is a
applications peer review however is a process that depends on ex-ante a priori
process that depends on ex-ante a priori
process that depends on ex-ante a priori predictions regarding the application
predictions regarding the application
predictions regarding the application consequently it favours mainstream work
consequently it favours mainstream work
consequently it favours mainstream work not risky projects only half-jokingly
not risky projects only half-jokingly
not risky projects only half-jokingly here’s the reason first time you bring
here’s the reason first time you bring
here’s the reason first time you bring in an application
in an application
in an application the referees say it can’t be done you
the referees say it can’t be done you
the referees say it can’t be done you work on it
work on it
work on it submit the second time this application
submit the second time this application
submit the second time this application the argument is well you didn’t do it
the argument is well you didn’t do it
the argument is well you didn’t do it right third time you published your
right third time you published your
right third time you published your publication you bring in your
publication you bring in your
publication you bring in your application
application
application the argument is well it’s obvious
the argument is well it’s obvious
the argument is well it’s obvious anyways so it’s very hard to satisfy the
anyways so it’s very hard to satisfy the
anyways so it’s very hard to satisfy the demand of referees a priori and the
demand of referees a priori and the
demand of referees a priori and the general supporting structure does not
general supporting structure does not
general supporting structure does not support high-risk project that’s why
support high-risk project that’s why
support high-risk project that’s why Stefan Hill Emmanuelle Charpentier or
Stefan Hill Emmanuelle Charpentier or
Stefan Hill Emmanuelle Charpentier or Tim berners-lee all had high trust
Tim berners-lee all had high trust
Tim berners-lee all had high trust funding for their research in this
funding for their research in this
funding for their research in this research funding is given based on
research funding is given based on
research funding is given based on previous accomplishments believing that
previous accomplishments believing that
previous accomplishments believing that the best scientist will produce the most
the best scientist will produce the most
the best scientist will produce the most important results very simply put front
important results very simply put front
important results very simply put front people not projects that is the essence
people not projects that is the essence
people not projects that is the essence of Hydra Stanly of course there is
of Hydra Stanly of course there is
of Hydra Stanly of course there is quality assessment but the quality
quality assessment but the quality
quality assessment but the quality assessment is retrospectively and there
assessment is retrospectively and there
assessment is retrospectively and there are many examples of small pioneering
are many examples of small pioneering
are many examples of small pioneering research organizations that allow for
research organizations that allow for
research organizations that allow for more creative enterprises as well as
more creative enterprises as well as
more creative enterprises as well as some big companies that actually allow
some big companies that actually allow
some big companies that actually allow for basic research being funded
for basic research being funded
for basic research being funded historically there are two very
historically there are two very
historically there are two very well-known it’s the Bell Laboratories
well-known it’s the Bell Laboratories
well-known it’s the Bell Laboratories and the Institute of immunology in Basel
and the Institute of immunology in Basel
and the Institute of immunology in Basel and there are certain institutional
and there are certain institutional
and there are certain institutional factors that foster creativity hire the
factors that foster creativity hire the
factors that foster creativity hire the top scientists and leaders if scientific
top scientists and leaders if scientific
top scientists and leaders if scientific independence early on generate small but
independence early on generate small but
independence early on generate small but interdisciplinary groups with a wide
interdisciplinary groups with a wide
interdisciplinary groups with a wide scientific scope usually the most
scientific scope usually the most
scientific scope usually the most efficient group site is eight and give
efficient group site is eight and give
efficient group site is eight and give enough institutional Co funding and
enough institutional Co funding and
enough institutional Co funding and allow external third party income so
allow external third party income so
allow external third party income so what will be your visions what will be
what will be your visions what will be
what will be your visions what will be your accomplishments by the time you
your accomplishments by the time you
your accomplishments by the time you reach my age well it’s hard to say of
reach my age well it’s hard to say of
reach my age well it’s hard to say of course and like Peter Sellers the
course and like Peter Sellers the
course and like Peter Sellers the British comedian once said predicting
British comedian once said predicting
British comedian once said predicting the future is a bit like scratching
the future is a bit like scratching
the future is a bit like scratching yourself before being stung but based on
yourself before being stung but based on
yourself before being stung but based on our knowledge today we
our knowledge today we
our knowledge today we to expect progress in sustainable energy
to expect progress in sustainable energy
to expect progress in sustainable energy provisions we hope for reduce co2 level
provisions we hope for reduce co2 level
provisions we hope for reduce co2 level we will have and see intelligence and
we will have and see intelligence and
we will have and see intelligence and autumn autonomous robots which will
autumn autonomous robots which will
autumn autonomous robots which will result in a lot of labour forces lost in
result in a lot of labour forces lost in
result in a lot of labour forces lost in our productor in our manufacturing
our productor in our manufacturing
our productor in our manufacturing industry we will see a lot of
industry we will see a lot of
industry we will see a lot of man-machine interfaces the word is
man-machine interfaces the word is
man-machine interfaces the word is Internet of Things we will lead longer
Internet of Things we will lead longer
Internet of Things we will lead longer and healthier lives some even believe
and healthier lives some even believe
and healthier lives some even believe that the current longest living person
that the current longest living person
that the current longest living person with 120 some is not the absolute limit
with 120 some is not the absolute limit
with 120 some is not the absolute limit that there is no absolute limit but what
that there is no absolute limit but what
that there is no absolute limit but what is most important does that result in a
is most important does that result in a
is most important does that result in a happy life well in order to do so of
happy life well in order to do so of
happy life well in order to do so of course you all have to work to take our
course you all have to work to take our
course you all have to work to take our society’s along in any case I wish that
society’s along in any case I wish that
society’s along in any case I wish that with you by the time you retire the
with you by the time you retire the
with you by the time you retire the landscape of science will have changed
landscape of science will have changed
landscape of science will have changed the world for the better or as the
the world for the better or as the
the world for the better or as the science philosopher naturalist
science philosopher naturalist
science philosopher naturalist politician Francis Bacon several hundred
politician Francis Bacon several hundred
politician Francis Bacon several hundred years ago in other words a more
years ago in other words a more
years ago in other words a more traditional English has said science
traditional English has said science
traditional English has said science should make the world a better place to
should make the world a better place to
should make the world a better place to live in and this is my ultimate
live in and this is my ultimate
live in and this is my ultimate invitation to you thank you very much
invitation to you thank you very much
invitation to you thank you very much [Applause]
”
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