that’s a question actually
a few dozen years when that
pose and me it’s been 40 years that I
works in the space that I
is working on making satellites and
make instruments that look
space or where are the stars that
look at the earth it’s sometimes the
the same one telescopes all the
wavelengths and I’m doing this for who
I did that for 40 years
for astrophysicists for
planetologists for geophysicists
for 12.2 oceanologists for
meteorologists
and then all the lots that you want
except astrologers except the
astrologers and so we worked and
we worked with all these
scientists who are often good
scientists because we select
the best to try to do the
best instruments to do
advance knowledge of their
discipline they are each in their
disciplined
so there are some who watch
the universe trying to see how old
he’s trying to see if by chance he
are not the conditions of life a little
everywhere and then there are those who watch
the earth who looks at how they are
develop how they are I the
like in his system a system
flat earth like a ship
spatial you will see and then look here
how life interacts on earth then
once we’ve done a series
of instruments for much discussed with
both can be said that
finally yes the question to the
question finally she exists
the question are asked and the question
this poses why because the man in
does it’s an explorer and the man
since all time what he did
he operated a region here lives in
a region then when they had
bigger thing was elsewhere since
moves and its pearlescent pigments
country then the peasants exploit peas have
have been looking elsewhere they have strong and
they have to exploit they did the
culture they cultivated the planet and
eventually they colonized the planet
whole and there is no longer a being
living on earth who does not know that
the man exists since disturbs him
everywhere so the existence of the man on
earth and water neither present now
we know that the earth is
relatively inhabited everywhere we
was everywhere that the forest
exploited by all we will try to
understand where she is what is
space taught us then space
taught us apa that the space that we
learned that finally when we say that the
earth is round it’s true but it makes
still hundreds of years
when I do but that makes
dozens of years a few decades
since the adventurous space
she is only 60 years old
and I worked there
for 40 years two-thirds you
imagine it so in this case there
what happened is that
the image you have of your universe has
damn evolved and you have
today a lot of information that
tells us what we are
so we are we are in a universe and
billions of galaxies that you in
legs
this huge there is 13.7 billion
years
so we went back we learned from
instruments that were watched there
down deep there to try to
see right after the big bang
how did it develop
antimatter matter it all starts
at that time billions of galaxies
and our galaxy
among the billions finally went to
they date its old 13.5
billion years and then our sun
in a corner on an arm of the galaxy
and in this galaxy there are
billion canvases billions of
suns of times much bigger than the
ours and our sun our sun
what is it full of good
thermonuclear sabers belonging to
brühl samassa thing to
huge temperatures and it returns from
radiation everywhere everywhere
everywhere and around this secret sun in
does a solar system it turns out that
the further we look, the more we go
account that a lot of systems
become create like that it’s to
to say that you have a star and then
around them and a lot of stuff
which are actually the liettes of the
realization of the star and who is
find to be the planets then we
we have an incredible chance
we have an incredible chance because we have a
system finally we are not too
near the sun is not too far
of the sun are not too hot not too hot
cold and then we have to jupiter and saturn
jupiter and saturate it’s a couple
nice because if we did not
the two jupiter it would have been towards the
sun passing he had caught
so it’s been billions of years
that this system is stable
amazing no wonder because we
look at solar systems further
and we realize are not always
that it moves a bit it’s not that
rest it’s not stuff completely
static that one there is stable since
several billion years which
makes that many millions of years
the notary she is still well
well protected by the sun on one side
who pick up anything that risks
pass and then and then saturate and
Jupiter
so to go see a little bit
how does it work you saw that in
this system there are slags and
crumbs actually making them
crumbs what are asteroids and
the comet plates and there
that one I think you
know all about yon bob berry
semenko is a comet smiles we have
put one made billions of
kilometers 10 billion kilowatts
for bets to land on it and we
landed on it we were waiting for a
blog
there appeared a block of ice and we
had something at 0.43 density and that
allows scientists to better
understand our system
so after behind the distances I
will make you very simple our
solar system the earth is at a
meter of the sun put the earth a
master of the sun okay the whole the
solar system and holds in the room
pluton is at the end of the room 35
meters time away so you have
the whole solar system here the
first star
near the centaur or centaur alpha
four light years where that 256
kilometers if I’m still at a
meter to Mont-Soleil 256 kilometers
it’s bordeaux
okay and then the famous first
galaxy andromeda 2009 million
of light years ben seven first
galaxies go on the original sun
and learn a lot about it
we are still cool
good this said there are still plenty of
cold stuff in the space then has the
dimensions ben we are the little
ticket next to a big balloon
football anyway huh it’s jupiter who
the big big nice mesh
so now let’s talk about our
land which is the only one to house the
life today that we know
first we are there to live
extremely weak then we are there
what makes it possible to be there
three spatial parameters only
because I know that then
the thing is the magnetosphere the
sun I told you an atomic bomb
we will say addition of radiation from
radiation then suddenly we have a
magnetosphere that is not too bad
oriented which slows down and which deviates in
do all these rays that ever there
did not have that thing down there we were dying
our life today is dead we say we
might have adapted otherwise
since we found on the station
international a bacterium that holds
radiation at the bakhtin relay you
know how cells put some
radiations above or salted you do
most of the time that’s how
does proton therapy in medicine on
kill the cells with that but there we
we are protected gratin magnetosphere
we are protected also thanks to
escaudes then make the atmosphere
we’re gasping today because of the gases at
greenhouse effect but fortunately there
a little bit because the sun
heats up our atmosphere
homogenizes the temperature on the
planet through ocean trade
atmosphere and you have a
average temperature on the planet’s
15 degrees otherwise you I connect it the
night permanently so there too and
then it’s not that great thing
is 100 km and confident 10 km at best
at best 3 km to the east where people who
are above 3000 m for many
so in fact you have you have all the
world in a little trick
really fragile would be clara
seriously so now water then
water without water we do not live then we have
found water everywhere in the universe
so find her in everything and then and
then there on our land the 70% of water
on the oceans but finally do
a little stupid computation of volume of
the ionosphere all the salt water is
the little blue ball there the big one
blue ball went the big bible that
it’s all dirty and all
oceans grouped and the little bible
eco2 okay it’s small underneath
that you have not even actually it’s this
which circulates annually renew
every year actually in this case
what we see is that it’s
damn fragile to a little bit of
the purest foot an asteroid
fortunately we stayed for
millions of years without having too much
of collision percussion that we
was coming from space so the earth the water
and fundamental so why do we get there
is very interested in water because
that the ol in the magazine the temperature
going magazine all that man has
done for 50 years so here I have a
complicated thing but that simply says
that the water has kept all the heat
between spades accumulated since the 50
last years
so what are we doing able
this water and we see that on the way up
she climbed 7 cm since 1992 she
made 3.5 millimeters a year since the
last decade the decade before
30% less agree it speeds up and
so we say to ourselves what is that doing
what makes that is what makes
that’s my uncle ho then there are three
important parameters water waters
continental warming
the ocean is warming up and
global warming
it heats and especially the melting of
ice cream melting ice cream made 50%
from the rise of ocean water into
average on earth this not homogeneous
everywhere but on average
and then there is something you need to know
it is that we do not see it since
the satellites and you have pictures
take old photos and in 1900
you had a glacier with waters of the rhone
did source of rhône morning there nothing
strictly nothing in 108 years ago
more steel and that’s stuff
who has everywhere and today we can
to say oneself
climate warming what we
see in the atmosphere it’s some
thing that becomes consequent the cut
21 all that was talking about a lot
what is happening today
you have all the emerging countries that
say continually ban us
why we would not like you
common it is dirty and union
European
so in fact you have india and the
China who speaks at full speed
so he starts to be aware of the
problem if they start to be
aware of the problem
there is a real problem is the
real problem it is that
when we will be placed after the 21st
century and well for a thousand years 20% of
what we have already generated
will always find in the atmosphere
even if we stop tomorrow so that
keep warming up and if you
lose all the ice in Greenland
have raised the water by 7 meters 7
meters and poses a problem anyway
this net will make you a number of
climatic refugees absolutely
fabulous when you look at the earth the
earth and inhabit the earth is inhabited
we see it very well from space
with actually the lights at night and
when you look at their grains that
are rejected emerged but you
see also the waterfront it is you
a thing you in indonesia bordering the
brazil america america america
north etc.
people 7 m all this it is necessary that they
go elsewhere and that’s not in
that’s in a few we talk about 100
200 years we are not talking
thousands of years so there it takes
start asking questions but
was it then was asked
who finally gave in
there are people who start to
watch and we explore the universe on
the exploit in oranie machin for
the automatic moment to go
watch march march why because
marcela planets sisters of the earth
you saw earlier on the
solar system march in fact during
2.5 billion years ago March has
exactly had the same life as the earth
same and so we sent the
things to look at why this is
the same we look at volcanoes or the
same pace
we think that on march there is still a
home a plasma dull it’s not safe
we will do measurements in 2018 and then
we sent something in 2012 called
curiosity and who actually has demonstrated
scientifically today that march has
Living was inhabited by his
were habitable
we found water ph 7 so it goes
find lots of stuff and that actually
would say that marseille
rather livable the atmosphere this
mini bar the most possible thing of
hold on it and the temperatures
no longer suitable for us our
life to us I do protection
planetary I avoid going to lead the
life on a plea for a duration like
as what there’s been
life would not work so you have to
put in situation to say what are we going
colonize it is what now at
instead of going to explore we will exploit
so there you have lots of stuff that
shows there not telling himself since on
earth it’s getting a little small we’re going
go exploit the space in
exploitation of space its part on
march to finally say let’s go
formed mars terraformer fed up with it wants
to say what does it mean to give him a
atmosphere it’s completely
impossible
you have the saturated atmosphere of co2
90% you have just launched hydrogen
did not have hydrogen that direction
with methane and water it’s not
wrong and with the onf is actually
oxygen then after 11h then we want
call up and have brought up my
theater if we base ourselves a little
March ice caps there and then
you got some pressure from me
600,000 barca should start well and
then after eh well you started to
planting stuff is a few
millennia a few millennia
then he is there the other con d idea
extraordinary is that ben there are
billions of dhs stars of which there are
billion exoplanets have been found in
today so about 3600 but that’s
go up it goes up we always find
so in fact exoplanets are there
everywhere cases a sun machin have
ended up realizing that I
always planets around talent there
I’m having fun getting out of the box
second
that is to say that we are there
on earth in fact imagine you on
something far away and that we are
went 10000 20000 in addition to experience
technology has been 20 years
look at space with telescopes
Well, I’m not far from
persuaded that on one if ever there is
smart people on a head that
know that the land and livable
yeah since we’re trying to
watch them and the other things there
and we realize that eventually they
maybe go tally table and we have
found we found planets
against the atmosphere good so there is
maybe who’s sleeping for thousands
of years know that the earth and
habitable
so if she knows
that she is not inhabited since that
has been a shock for the last 100 years
the light in the space that radiates
rations so if 1100
light years maybe but it’s
very small without naming light finally
however, there are some who think that
could go then so they
invent ships of 100 tons
had stalled nuclear propulsion for
do something like that it takes
the energy of two years of France
two years of France completely
dedicated to 100 jal you are taken with the
budget obviously good I think we
will continue exploring the space
that it seems obvious to me we’re going
continue to go look at the land of
carve the earth to see in what
state she places herself till she
live well is what we protect her well
and then we will certainly send some
explorers like our thomas
national who makes them naughty spirit
pioneer fabulous island boy david and
of a Toulouse school l1 I you
remember and I hope very much
Sincerely, let’s not go
to exploit the airspace goes
exploit the night with grounds must
believe knowing that today the
yields are extremely low
when you send when you do
back 300 tons of the moon it took
to send three thousand tons of which has
yield one in ten thousand know
tricks that work well with on
ten does not launch terrible good so a
once we’ve seen all that
thinks we’re finally saying
well we end up with a planet
which needs to be used a whole
little bit differently and so we are on
is in a hedge on a on a diagram
where we have to start modifying our
functioning on the planet for the
protect and develop
sustainable and I think we will be
way condemned to confinement
planetary during a certain numbers
of century yet but as the earth
is finally really pretty why
because we’re really good at adapting
the proof we breathe well bought a
ticket and all that why because
We have been evolving on this
earth so we are well suited on
that’s this proton earth people there and there is
much worse as purpose since it is
really joly thank you
[Applause]
”
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