I’d like you to ask yourself what do you feel when you hear the words organic
feel when you hear the words organic
feel when you hear the words organic chemistry like what comes to mind there
chemistry like what comes to mind there
chemistry like what comes to mind there is a course offered at nearly every
is a course offered at nearly every
is a course offered at nearly every University and is called organic
University and is called organic
University and is called organic chemistry and it is a grueling heavy
chemistry and it is a grueling heavy
chemistry and it is a grueling heavy introduction for this subject a flood of
introduction for this subject a flood of
introduction for this subject a flood of content that overwhelms students and you
content that overwhelms students and you
content that overwhelms students and you have to ace it if you want to become a
have to ace it if you want to become a
have to ace it if you want to become a doctor or dentist or a veterinarian and
doctor or dentist or a veterinarian and
doctor or dentist or a veterinarian and that is why so many students perceive
that is why so many students perceive
that is why so many students perceive this science like this as an obstacle in
this science like this as an obstacle in
this science like this as an obstacle in their path and they fear it and they
their path and they fear it and they
their path and they fear it and they hate it and they call it a weed out
hate it and they call it a weed out
hate it and they call it a weed out course what a cruel thing for a subject
course what a cruel thing for a subject
course what a cruel thing for a subject to do the young people weed them out and
to do the young people weed them out and
to do the young people weed them out and this perception spread beyond college
this perception spread beyond college
this perception spread beyond college campuses long ago there is a universal
campuses long ago there is a universal
campuses long ago there is a universal anxiety about these two words I happen
anxiety about these two words I happen
anxiety about these two words I happen to love this science and I think this
to love this science and I think this
to love this science and I think this position which we have placed it is
position which we have placed it is
position which we have placed it is inexcusable
inexcusable
inexcusable it’s not good for science and it’s not
it’s not good for science and it’s not
it’s not good for science and it’s not good for society I don’t think it has to
good for society I don’t think it has to
good for society I don’t think it has to be this way and I don’t mean that this
be this way and I don’t mean that this
be this way and I don’t mean that this class should be easier it shouldn’t but
class should be easier it shouldn’t but
class should be easier it shouldn’t but your perception of these two words
your perception of these two words
your perception of these two words should not be defined by the experiences
should not be defined by the experiences
should not be defined by the experiences of pre-med students who frankly are
of pre-med students who frankly are
of pre-med students who frankly are going through a very anxious time of
going through a very anxious time of
going through a very anxious time of their lives so I’m here today because I
their lives so I’m here today because I
their lives so I’m here today because I believe that a basic knowledge of
believe that a basic knowledge of
believe that a basic knowledge of organic chemistry is valuable and I
organic chemistry is valuable and I
organic chemistry is valuable and I think that it can be made accessible to
think that it can be made accessible to
think that it can be made accessible to everybody and I’d like to prove that to
everybody and I’d like to prove that to
everybody and I’d like to prove that to you today if you’d let me would you let
you today if you’d let me would you let
you today if you’d let me would you let me try to prove that to you alright
me try to prove that to you alright
me try to prove that to you alright let’s go for it here I have one of these
let’s go for it here I have one of these
let’s go for it here I have one of these overpriced epi pens inside it is a drug
overpriced epi pens inside it is a drug
overpriced epi pens inside it is a drug called epinephrine epinephrine can
called epinephrine epinephrine can
called epinephrine epinephrine can restart the beat of my heart or it could
restart the beat of my heart or it could
restart the beat of my heart or it could stop a life-threatening allergic
stop a life-threatening allergic
stop a life-threatening allergic reaction an injection of this right here
reaction an injection of this right here
reaction an injection of this right here will do it it would be like turning the
will do it it would be like turning the
will do it it would be like turning the ignition switch of my body’s fight or
ignition switch of my body’s fight or
ignition switch of my body’s fight or flight machinery my heart rate my blood
flight machinery my heart rate my blood
flight machinery my heart rate my blood pressure would go up so blood could rush
pressure would go up so blood could rush
pressure would go up so blood could rush to my muscles my pupils were dilated
to my muscles my pupils were dilated
to my muscles my pupils were dilated feel a wave of strength
feel a wave of strength
feel a wave of strength epinephrine has been the difference
epinephrine has been the difference
epinephrine has been the difference between life and death for many people
between life and death for many people
between life and death for many people this is like a little miracle that you
this is like a little miracle that you
this is like a little miracle that you can hold in your finger here’s the
can hold in your finger here’s the
can hold in your finger here’s the chemical structure of epinephrine this
chemical structure of epinephrine this
chemical structure of epinephrine this is what organic chemistry looks like
is what organic chemistry looks like
is what organic chemistry looks like okay it looks like lines and letters no
okay it looks like lines and letters no
okay it looks like lines and letters no meaning to most people I’d like to show
meaning to most people I’d like to show
meaning to most people I’d like to show you what I see when I look at that
you what I see when I look at that
you what I see when I look at that picture I see a physical object that has
picture I see a physical object that has
picture I see a physical object that has depth and rotating parts and it’s moving
depth and rotating parts and it’s moving
depth and rotating parts and it’s moving we call this a compound or a molecule
we call this a compound or a molecule
we call this a compound or a molecule and it is 26 atoms they’re stitched
and it is 26 atoms they’re stitched
and it is 26 atoms they’re stitched together by atomic bonds the unique
together by atomic bonds the unique
together by atomic bonds the unique arrangement of these atoms gives
arrangement of these atoms gives
arrangement of these atoms gives epinephrine inside entity but nobody has
epinephrine inside entity but nobody has
epinephrine inside entity but nobody has ever actually seen one of these because
ever actually seen one of these because
ever actually seen one of these because they’re very small so we’re gonna call
they’re very small so we’re gonna call
they’re very small so we’re gonna call this an artistic impression and I want
this an artistic impression and I want
this an artistic impression and I want to explain to you how small this is
to explain to you how small this is
to explain to you how small this is in here I have less than half a
in here I have less than half a
in here I have less than half a milligram of it dissolved in water it’s
milligram of it dissolved in water it’s
milligram of it dissolved in water it’s the mass of a grain of sand the number
the mass of a grain of sand the number
the mass of a grain of sand the number of epinephrine molecules in here is one
of epinephrine molecules in here is one
of epinephrine molecules in here is one quintillion that’s 18 zeros number is
quintillion that’s 18 zeros number is
quintillion that’s 18 zeros number is hard to visualize it’s seven billion of
hard to visualize it’s seven billion of
hard to visualize it’s seven billion of us on this planet maybe 400 billion
us on this planet maybe 400 billion
us on this planet maybe 400 billion stars in our galaxy you’re not even
stars in our galaxy you’re not even
stars in our galaxy you’re not even close if you wanted to get into the
close if you wanted to get into the
close if you wanted to get into the right ballpark you have to imagine every
right ballpark you have to imagine every
right ballpark you have to imagine every grain of sand on every Beach under all
grain of sand on every Beach under all
grain of sand on every Beach under all the oceans links and then shrink them
the oceans links and then shrink them
the oceans links and then shrink them all so they fit in here epinephrine is
all so they fit in here epinephrine is
all so they fit in here epinephrine is so small we will never see it not
so small we will never see it not
so small we will never see it not through any microscope ever but we know
through any microscope ever but we know
through any microscope ever but we know what it looks like because it shows
what it looks like because it shows
what it looks like because it shows itself to some sophisticated machines
itself to some sophisticated machines
itself to some sophisticated machines with fancy names like nuclear magnetic
with fancy names like nuclear magnetic
with fancy names like nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers so visible or
resonance spectrometers so visible or
resonance spectrometers so visible or not we know this molecule very well we
not we know this molecule very well we
not we know this molecule very well we know it is made of four different types
know it is made of four different types
know it is made of four different types of atoms hydrogen carbon oxygen and
of atoms hydrogen carbon oxygen and
of atoms hydrogen carbon oxygen and nitrogen
nitrogen
nitrogen these are the colors we typically use
these are the colors we typically use
these are the colors we typically use for them everything in our universe is
for them everything in our universe is
for them everything in our universe is made of little spheres and we call atoms
made of little spheres and we call atoms
made of little spheres and we call atoms there’s about a hundred of these basic
there’s about a hundred of these basic
there’s about a hundred of these basic ingredients and they’re all made from
ingredients and they’re all made from
ingredients and they’re all made from three smaller particles protons neutrons
three smaller particles protons neutrons
three smaller particles protons neutrons electrons we arrange these atoms into
electrons we arrange these atoms into
electrons we arrange these atoms into this familiar table we give them each a
this familiar table we give them each a
this familiar table we give them each a name and a number but life as we know it
name and a number but life as we know it
name and a number but life as we know it doesn’t need all of you and just a
doesn’t need all of you and just a
doesn’t need all of you and just a smaller subset just these and there are
smaller subset just these and there are
smaller subset just these and there are four atoms in particular that’s stand
four atoms in particular that’s stand
four atoms in particular that’s stand apart from the rest as the main building
apart from the rest as the main building
apart from the rest as the main building blocks of life and they are the same
blocks of life and they are the same
blocks of life and they are the same ones that are found in epinephrine
ones that are found in epinephrine
ones that are found in epinephrine hydrogen carbon nitrogen and oxygen now
hydrogen carbon nitrogen and oxygen now
hydrogen carbon nitrogen and oxygen now what I tell you next is the most
what I tell you next is the most
what I tell you next is the most important part when these atoms connect
important part when these atoms connect
important part when these atoms connect to form molecules they follow a set of
to form molecules they follow a set of
to form molecules they follow a set of rules hydrogen makes one bond oxygen
rules hydrogen makes one bond oxygen
rules hydrogen makes one bond oxygen always makes two nitrogen makes three
always makes two nitrogen makes three
always makes two nitrogen makes three and carbon makes four that’s it
and carbon makes four that’s it
and carbon makes four that’s it h o NC one two three four if you can
h o NC one two three four if you can
h o NC one two three four if you can count to four and you can misspell the
count to four and you can misspell the
count to four and you can misspell the word honk you’re gonna remember this for
word honk you’re gonna remember this for
word honk you’re gonna remember this for the rest of your lives
the rest of your lives
the rest of your lives now here I have four bowls with these
now here I have four bowls with these
now here I have four bowls with these ingredients we can use these to build
ingredients we can use these to build
ingredients we can use these to build molecules let’s start with epinephrine
molecules let’s start with epinephrine
molecules let’s start with epinephrine now these bonds between atoms they’re
now these bonds between atoms they’re
now these bonds between atoms they’re made of electrons atoms use electrons
made of electrons atoms use electrons
made of electrons atoms use electrons like arms to reach out and hold their
like arms to reach out and hold their
like arms to reach out and hold their neighbors there’s two electrons in each
neighbors there’s two electrons in each
neighbors there’s two electrons in each bond like a handshake and like a
bond like a handshake and like a
bond like a handshake and like a handshake these things are not permanent
handshake these things are not permanent
handshake these things are not permanent they can let go of one out of and grab
they can let go of one out of and grab
they can let go of one out of and grab another that’s what we call a chemical
another that’s what we call a chemical
another that’s what we call a chemical reaction when atoms exchange partners
reaction when atoms exchange partners
reaction when atoms exchange partners and they make new molecules the backbone
and they make new molecules the backbone
and they make new molecules the backbone of epinephrine is made mostly of carbon
of epinephrine is made mostly of carbon
of epinephrine is made mostly of carbon atoms and that’s common carbon is life’s
atoms and that’s common carbon is life’s
atoms and that’s common carbon is life’s favorite structural building material
favorite structural building material
favorite structural building material because it makes a good number of
because it makes a good number of
because it makes a good number of handshakes with just the right grip
handshakes with just the right grip
handshakes with just the right grip strength that’s why we define organic
strength that’s why we define organic
strength that’s why we define organic chemistry is the study of carbon
chemistry is the study of carbon
chemistry is the study of carbon molecules now if we build the smallest
molecules now if we build the smallest
molecules now if we build the smallest molecules that we can think of that
molecules that we can think of that
molecules that we can think of that follow our rules they highlight our
follow our rules they highlight our
follow our rules they highlight our rules and they have familiar names water
rules and they have familiar names water
rules and they have familiar names water ammonia and methane h2o and h3 and ch4
ammonia and methane h2o and h3 and ch4
ammonia and methane h2o and h3 and ch4 the words hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
the words hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
the words hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen we don’t use the same words to name
we don’t use the same words to name
we don’t use the same words to name these three molecules that have two
these three molecules that have two
these three molecules that have two atoms each they still follow the rules
atoms each they still follow the rules
atoms each they still follow the rules because they have one two and three
because they have one two and three
because they have one two and three bonds between them that’s why oxygen
bonds between them that’s why oxygen
bonds between them that’s why oxygen gets called Oh two I can show you
gets called Oh two I can show you
gets called Oh two I can show you combustion here’s carbon dioxide ok co2
combustion here’s carbon dioxide ok co2
combustion here’s carbon dioxide ok co2 above it let’s place water and oxygen
above it let’s place water and oxygen
above it let’s place water and oxygen and beside it some flammable fuels these
and beside it some flammable fuels these
and beside it some flammable fuels these fuels are made of just hydrogen and
fuels are made of just hydrogen and
fuels are made of just hydrogen and carbon that’s what we call them
carbon that’s what we call them
carbon that’s what we call them hydrocarbons we’re very creative
hydrocarbons we’re very creative
hydrocarbons we’re very creative so initially scratching two molecules of
so initially scratching two molecules of
so initially scratching two molecules of oxygen as they do in your engine or in
oxygen as they do in your engine or in
oxygen as they do in your engine or in the your barbecues they really standard
the your barbecues they really standard
the your barbecues they really standard G and they reassemble and every single
G and they reassemble and every single
G and they reassemble and every single carbon atom ends up at the center of a
carbon atom ends up at the center of a
carbon atom ends up at the center of a co2 molecule holding on to two oxygens
co2 molecule holding on to two oxygens
co2 molecule holding on to two oxygens and all the hydrogen’s end up as parts
and all the hydrogen’s end up as parts
and all the hydrogen’s end up as parts of waters and everybody follows the
of waters and everybody follows the
of waters and everybody follows the rules they are not optional and they’re
rules they are not optional and they’re
rules they are not optional and they’re not optional for bigger molecules either
not optional for bigger molecules either
not optional for bigger molecules either like these three
like these three
like these three this is our favorite vitamin sitting
this is our favorite vitamin sitting
this is our favorite vitamin sitting next to our favorite drug and morphine
next to our favorite drug and morphine
next to our favorite drug and morphine there’s one of most important stories in
there’s one of most important stories in
there’s one of most important stories in medical history
medical history
medical history it marks medicines first real triumphs
it marks medicines first real triumphs
it marks medicines first real triumphs over physical pain and every molecule
over physical pain and every molecule
over physical pain and every molecule has a story and they’re all published
has a story and they’re all published
has a story and they’re all published they’re written by scientists in the
they’re written by scientists in the
they’re written by scientists in the read by other scientists so we have
read by other scientists so we have
read by other scientists so we have handy representations to do this quickly
handy representations to do this quickly
handy representations to do this quickly on paper and I need to teach you how to
on paper and I need to teach you how to
on paper and I need to teach you how to do that so we lay epinephrine flat on a
do that so we lay epinephrine flat on a
do that so we lay epinephrine flat on a page and then we replace all the spheres
page and then we replace all the spheres
page and then we replace all the spheres with simple letters and then the bonds
with simple letters and then the bonds
with simple letters and then the bonds that lie in the plane of the page they
that lie in the plane of the page they
that lie in the plane of the page they just become regular lines and the bonds
just become regular lines and the bonds
just become regular lines and the bonds will point forward and backwards they
will point forward and backwards they
will point forward and backwards they become little triangles either solid or
become little triangles either solid or
become little triangles either solid or dashed indicate depth we don’t actually
dashed indicate depth we don’t actually
dashed indicate depth we don’t actually draw these carbons we save time by just
draw these carbons we save time by just
draw these carbons we save time by just hiding them they’re represented by
hiding them they’re represented by
hiding them they’re represented by corners between the bonds and we also
corners between the bonds and we also
corners between the bonds and we also hide every hydrogen that’s bonded to a
hide every hydrogen that’s bonded to a
hide every hydrogen that’s bonded to a carbon we know they are there whenever a
carbon we know they are there whenever a
carbon we know they are there whenever a carbon is showing us any fewer than four
carbon is showing us any fewer than four
carbon is showing us any fewer than four bonds the last thing that’s done is the
bonds the last thing that’s done is the
bonds the last thing that’s done is the bonds between OAH and NH we just get rid
bonds between OAH and NH we just get rid
bonds between OAH and NH we just get rid of those to make a cleaner and that’s
of those to make a cleaner and that’s
of those to make a cleaner and that’s all there is to it if this is the
all there is to it if this is the
all there is to it if this is the professional way to draw molecules this
professional way to draw molecules this
professional way to draw molecules this is what you see on Wikipedia pages it
is what you see on Wikipedia pages it
is what you see on Wikipedia pages it takes a little bit of practice but I
takes a little bit of practice but I
takes a little bit of practice but I think everyone here could do it number
think everyone here could do it number
think everyone here could do it number four today
four today
four today this is up a nephron this is also called
this is up a nephron this is also called
this is up a nephron this is also called adrenaline that one in the same it’s
adrenaline that one in the same it’s
adrenaline that one in the same it’s made by your adrenal glands you have
made by your adrenal glands you have
made by your adrenal glands you have this molecule to me through your body
this molecule to me through your body
this molecule to me through your body right now it’s a natural molecule as
right now it’s a natural molecule as
right now it’s a natural molecule as epipen would just give you a quick
epipen would just give you a quick
epipen would just give you a quick quintillion more of them
we can extract epinephrine from the
we can extract epinephrine from the adrenal glands of sheep or cattle but
adrenal glands of sheep or cattle but
adrenal glands of sheep or cattle but that’s not where this stuff comes from
that’s not where this stuff comes from
that’s not where this stuff comes from we make this epinephrine in a factory by
we make this epinephrine in a factory by
we make this epinephrine in a factory by stitching together smaller molecules
stitching together smaller molecules
stitching together smaller molecules that come mostly from petroleum
that come mostly from petroleum
that come mostly from petroleum this is 100% synthetic and that word
this is 100% synthetic and that word
this is 100% synthetic and that word synthetic I make some of us
synthetic I make some of us
synthetic I make some of us uncomfortable it’s not like the word
uncomfortable it’s not like the word
uncomfortable it’s not like the word natural which makes us feel safe but
natural which makes us feel safe but
natural which makes us feel safe but these two molecules that cannot be
these two molecules that cannot be
these two molecules that cannot be distinguished we’re not talking about
distinguished we’re not talking about
distinguished we’re not talking about two cars that are coming off an assembly
two cars that are coming off an assembly
two cars that are coming off an assembly line here a car can have a scratch on it
line here a car can have a scratch on it
line here a car can have a scratch on it and you can’t scratch an atom these two
and you can’t scratch an atom these two
and you can’t scratch an atom these two are identical in a surreal almost
are identical in a surreal almost
are identical in a surreal almost mathematical sense at this atomic scale
mathematical sense at this atomic scale
mathematical sense at this atomic scale math practically touches reality and a
math practically touches reality and a
math practically touches reality and a molecule of epinephrine it has no memory
molecule of epinephrine it has no memory
molecule of epinephrine it has no memory of its origin just is what it is and
of its origin just is what it is and
of its origin just is what it is and once you have it the words natural and
once you have it the words natural and
once you have it the words natural and synthetic they don’t matter and nature
synthetic they don’t matter and nature
synthetic they don’t matter and nature synthesizes this molecule just like we
synthesizes this molecule just like we
synthesizes this molecule just like we do except nature is much better at this
do except nature is much better at this
do except nature is much better at this stuff than we are before there was life
stuff than we are before there was life
stuff than we are before there was life on earth all the molecules were small
on earth all the molecules were small
on earth all the molecules were small simple carbon dioxide water nitrogen
simple carbon dioxide water nitrogen
simple carbon dioxide water nitrogen just simple things the emergence of life
just simple things the emergence of life
just simple things the emergence of life changed that life brought biosynthetic
changed that life brought biosynthetic
changed that life brought biosynthetic factories that are powered by sunlight
factories that are powered by sunlight
factories that are powered by sunlight and inside these factories small
and inside these factories small
and inside these factories small molecules crash into each other they
molecules crash into each other they
molecules crash into each other they become large ones carbohydrates proteins
become large ones carbohydrates proteins
become large ones carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids multitudes of spectacular
nucleic acids multitudes of spectacular
nucleic acids multitudes of spectacular creations nature is the original organic
creations nature is the original organic
creations nature is the original organic chemist and her construction also fills
chemist and her construction also fills
chemist and her construction also fills our sky with the oxygen gas we breathe
our sky with the oxygen gas we breathe
our sky with the oxygen gas we breathe it’s a high energy oxygen all of these
it’s a high energy oxygen all of these
it’s a high energy oxygen all of these molecules are infused with the energy of
molecules are infused with the energy of
molecules are infused with the energy of the Sun they store it like batteries so
the Sun they store it like batteries so
the Sun they store it like batteries so nature is made of chemicals
nature is made of chemicals
nature is made of chemicals maybe you guys can help me to reclaim
maybe you guys can help me to reclaim
maybe you guys can help me to reclaim this word chemical because it has been
this word chemical because it has been
this word chemical because it has been stolen from us
stolen from us
stolen from us it doesn’t mean toxic and it doesn’t
it doesn’t mean toxic and it doesn’t
it doesn’t mean toxic and it doesn’t mean harmful and it doesn’t mean
mean harmful and it doesn’t mean
mean harmful and it doesn’t mean man-made or unnatural
man-made or unnatural
man-made or unnatural it just means stuff you can’t have
it just means stuff you can’t have
it just means stuff you can’t have chemical free lump charcoal that is
chemical free lump charcoal that is
chemical free lump charcoal that is ridiculous
ridiculous
ridiculous and I’d like to do one more word the
and I’d like to do one more word the
and I’d like to do one more word the word natural doesn’t mean safe and you
word natural doesn’t mean safe and you
word natural doesn’t mean safe and you all know that plenty of nature’s
all know that plenty of nature’s
all know that plenty of nature’s chemicals are quite toxic and others are
chemicals are quite toxic and others are
chemicals are quite toxic and others are delicious and some are both toxic and
delicious and some are both toxic and
delicious and some are both toxic and delicious the only way to tell whether
delicious the only way to tell whether
delicious the only way to tell whether something is harmful is to test it and I
something is harmful is to test it and I
something is harmful is to test it and I don’t mean you guys professional talk
don’t mean you guys professional talk
don’t mean you guys professional talk psychologists we have these people
psychologists we have these people
psychologists we have these people they’re well trained and you should
they’re well trained and you should
they’re well trained and you should trust them like I do
trust them like I do
trust them like I do so nature’s molecules are everywhere
so nature’s molecules are everywhere
so nature’s molecules are everywhere including the ones that have decomposed
including the ones that have decomposed
including the ones that have decomposed into these black mixtures that we call
into these black mixtures that we call
into these black mixtures that we call petroleum we refine these molecules
petroleum we refine these molecules
petroleum we refine these molecules there’s nothing unnatural about them we
there’s nothing unnatural about them we
there’s nothing unnatural about them we purify them now our dependence on them
purify them now our dependence on them
purify them now our dependence on them for energy that means that every one of
for energy that means that every one of
for energy that means that every one of those carbons gets converted into a
those carbons gets converted into a
those carbons gets converted into a molecule of co2 that’s a greenhouse gas
molecule of co2 that’s a greenhouse gas
molecule of co2 that’s a greenhouse gas that is messing up our climate maybe
that is messing up our climate maybe
that is messing up our climate maybe knowing this chemistry will make that
knowing this chemistry will make that
knowing this chemistry will make that reality easier to accept for some people
reality easier to accept for some people
reality easier to accept for some people I don’t know but these molecules are not
I don’t know but these molecules are not
I don’t know but these molecules are not just fossil fuels they’re also the
just fossil fuels they’re also the
just fossil fuels they’re also the cheapest available raw materials for
cheapest available raw materials for
cheapest available raw materials for doing something that we call synthesis
doing something that we call synthesis
doing something that we call synthesis for using them like pieces of Lego we
for using them like pieces of Lego we
for using them like pieces of Lego we have learned how to connect them or
have learned how to connect them or
have learned how to connect them or break them apart with great control
break them apart with great control
break them apart with great control I’ve done a lot of this myself and I
I’ve done a lot of this myself and I
I’ve done a lot of this myself and I still think it’s amazing that it’s even
still think it’s amazing that it’s even
still think it’s amazing that it’s even possible what we do is kind of like
possible what we do is kind of like
possible what we do is kind of like assembling Lego by dumping boxes of it
assembling Lego by dumping boxes of it
assembling Lego by dumping boxes of it into washing machines but it works we
into washing machines but it works we
into washing machines but it works we can make molecules that are exact copies
can make molecules that are exact copies
can make molecules that are exact copies of nature like epinephrine or we can
of nature like epinephrine or we can
of nature like epinephrine or we can make creations of our own from scratch
make creations of our own from scratch
make creations of our own from scratch like these to one of these eases the
like these to one of these eases the
like these to one of these eases the symptoms of multiple sclerosis the other
symptoms of multiple sclerosis the other
symptoms of multiple sclerosis the other one cures a type of blood cancer that we
one cures a type of blood cancer that we
one cures a type of blood cancer that we call t-cell lymphoma a mall we go with
call t-cell lymphoma a mall we go with
call t-cell lymphoma a mall we go with the right size and shape
the right size and shape
the right size and shape it’s like a key in a lock and when it
it’s like a key in a lock and when it
it’s like a key in a lock and when it fits it interferes with the chemistry of
fits it interferes with the chemistry of
fits it interferes with the chemistry of a disease that’s how drugs work natural
a disease that’s how drugs work natural
a disease that’s how drugs work natural or synthetic
or synthetic
or synthetic they’re all just molecules that happen
they’re all just molecules that happen
they’re all just molecules that happen to fit snugly somewhere important but
to fit snugly somewhere important but
to fit snugly somewhere important but nature is much better and making them
nature is much better and making them
nature is much better and making them than we are so hers look more impressive
than we are so hers look more impressive
than we are so hers look more impressive than ours like this one this is called
than ours like this one this is called
than ours like this one this is called vancomycin she gave this majestic beast
vancomycin she gave this majestic beast
vancomycin she gave this majestic beast two chlorine atoms to wear like a pair
two chlorine atoms to wear like a pair
two chlorine atoms to wear like a pair of earrings we found vancomycin in a
of earrings we found vancomycin in a
of earrings we found vancomycin in a puddle of mud in a jungle in Borneo in
puddle of mud in a jungle in Borneo in
puddle of mud in a jungle in Borneo in 1953 it’s made by a bacteria
1953 it’s made by a bacteria
1953 it’s made by a bacteria we can’t synthesize this cost
we can’t synthesize this cost
we can’t synthesize this cost efficiently in a lab it’s too
efficiently in a lab it’s too
efficiently in a lab it’s too complicated for us but we can’t harvest
complicated for us but we can’t harvest
complicated for us but we can’t harvest it from its natural source and we do
it from its natural source and we do
it from its natural source and we do because this is one of our most powerful
because this is one of our most powerful
because this is one of our most powerful antibiotics and new molecules are
antibiotics and new molecules are
antibiotics and new molecules are reported in our literature every day we
reported in our literature every day we
reported in our literature every day we make them or we find them in every
make them or we find them in every
make them or we find them in every corner of this planet and that’s where
corner of this planet and that’s where
corner of this planet and that’s where drugs come from and that’s why your
drugs come from and that’s why your
drugs come from and that’s why your doctors have amazing powers to cure
doctors have amazing powers to cure
doctors have amazing powers to cure their li infections and everything else
their li infections and everything else
their li infections and everything else being a physician today is like being a
being a physician today is like being a
being a physician today is like being a knight in shining armor
knight in shining armor
knight in shining armor they fight battles with courage and
they fight battles with courage and
they fight battles with courage and composure but also with good equipment
composure but also with good equipment
composure but also with good equipment so let’s not forget the role of the
so let’s not forget the role of the
so let’s not forget the role of the blacksmith in this picture because the
blacksmith in this picture because the
blacksmith in this picture because the blacksmith things would look a little
blacksmith things would look a little
blacksmith things would look a little different
but this science is bigger than medicine
but this science is bigger than medicine it is oils and solvents and flavors
it is oils and solvents and flavors
it is oils and solvents and flavors fabrics all plastics the cushions that
fabrics all plastics the cushions that
fabrics all plastics the cushions that you’re sitting on right now
you’re sitting on right now
you’re sitting on right now they’re all manufactured and they’re
they’re all manufactured and they’re
they’re all manufactured and they’re mostly carbon so that makes all of it
mostly carbon so that makes all of it
mostly carbon so that makes all of it organic chemistry this is a rich science
organic chemistry this is a rich science
organic chemistry this is a rich science I left out a lot today phosphorus and
I left out a lot today phosphorus and
I left out a lot today phosphorus and sulfur and the other atoms and why they
sulfur and the other atoms and why they
sulfur and the other atoms and why they all bond the way they do and symmetry
all bond the way they do and symmetry
all bond the way they do and symmetry and nonbonding electrons and atoms that
and nonbonding electrons and atoms that
and nonbonding electrons and atoms that are charged and reactions and their
are charged and reactions and their
are charged and reactions and their mechanisms and it goes on and on and on
mechanisms and it goes on and on and on
mechanisms and it goes on and on and on and synthesis takes a long time to learn
and synthesis takes a long time to learn
and synthesis takes a long time to learn but I didn’t come here to teach you guys
but I didn’t come here to teach you guys
but I didn’t come here to teach you guys organic chemistry I just wanted to show
organic chemistry I just wanted to show
organic chemistry I just wanted to show it to you
it to you
it to you and I had a lot of help with that today
and I had a lot of help with that today
and I had a lot of help with that today from a young man named Weston Durland
from a young man named Weston Durland
from a young man named Weston Durland and you’ve already seen him he’s an
and you’ve already seen him he’s an
and you’ve already seen him he’s an undergraduate student in chemistry and
undergraduate student in chemistry and
undergraduate student in chemistry and he also happens to be pretty good with
he also happens to be pretty good with
he also happens to be pretty good with computer graphics so Westerner Weston
computer graphics so Westerner Weston
computer graphics so Westerner Weston designed all the movie molecules that
designed all the movie molecules that
designed all the movie molecules that you saw today he and I wanted to
you saw today he and I wanted to
you saw today he and I wanted to demonstrate to the use of graphics like
demonstrate to the use of graphics like
demonstrate to the use of graphics like these to help someone talk about this
these to help someone talk about this
these to help someone talk about this intricate science but our main goal was
intricate science but our main goal was
intricate science but our main goal was just to show you that organic chemistry
just to show you that organic chemistry
just to show you that organic chemistry is not something to be afraid of it is
is not something to be afraid of it is
is not something to be afraid of it is at its core a window through which the
at its core a window through which the
at its core a window through which the beauty of the natural world looks richer
beauty of the natural world looks richer
beauty of the natural world looks richer thank you
”
Be First to Comment