[Applause] the most intimate relationship you will
the most intimate relationship you will
the most intimate relationship you will have is with food you put it inside your
have is with food you put it inside your
have is with food you put it inside your body every day and it literally turns
body every day and it literally turns
body every day and it literally turns into you and that relationship is also
into you and that relationship is also
into you and that relationship is also deeply and madly emotional we celebrate
deeply and madly emotional we celebrate
deeply and madly emotional we celebrate by sharing food and when we’re sad we
by sharing food and when we’re sad we
by sharing food and when we’re sad we eat so many of our strongest memories
eat so many of our strongest memories
eat so many of our strongest memories are also coupled to food and flavors but
are also coupled to food and flavors but
are also coupled to food and flavors but we also define who we are through food
we also define who we are through food
we also define who we are through food so you might remember those little books
so you might remember those little books
so you might remember those little books that we had when we were kids you know
that we had when we were kids you know
that we had when we were kids you know everybody filling in one page putting
everybody filling in one page putting
everybody filling in one page putting your name your favorite color your
your name your favorite color your
your name your favorite color your hobbies and your favorite food
hobbies and your favorite food
hobbies and your favorite food now we take pictures of what we eat post
now we take pictures of what we eat post
now we take pictures of what we eat post it on Instagram telling this is what I
it on Instagram telling this is what I
it on Instagram telling this is what I eat this is how I want you to see me
eat this is how I want you to see me
eat this is how I want you to see me even on tinder people have like very
even on tinder people have like very
even on tinder people have like very limited space to give the first
limited space to give the first
limited space to give the first impression and they want to tell that
impression and they want to tell that
impression and they want to tell that they are vegans or vegetarians or meat
they are vegans or vegetarians or meat
they are vegans or vegetarians or meat lovers so food is a very powerful way to
lovers so food is a very powerful way to
lovers so food is a very powerful way to express our values and our social status
express our values and our social status
express our values and our social status to tell who we are as individuals but it
to tell who we are as individuals but it
to tell who we are as individuals but it goes way beyond that we as a group as a
goes way beyond that we as a group as a
goes way beyond that we as a group as a nation as a culture define ourselves
nation as a culture define ourselves
nation as a culture define ourselves through food some people eat meat some
through food some people eat meat some
through food some people eat meat some eat pork some eat beef some eat chicken
eat pork some eat beef some eat chicken
eat pork some eat beef some eat chicken hearts some eat bread made of rhyme it
hearts some eat bread made of rhyme it
hearts some eat bread made of rhyme it tells us who we are and it gives us a
tells us who we are and it gives us a
tells us who we are and it gives us a tool to separate the enemies from
tool to separate the enemies from
tool to separate the enemies from friends if you eat food that looks
friends if you eat food that looks
friends if you eat food that looks familiar to me you’re probably one of
familiar to me you’re probably one of
familiar to me you’re probably one of the good guys
define ourselves as species through what
define ourselves as species through what we eat if you would have access to alien
we eat if you would have access to alien
we eat if you would have access to alien Wikipedia and check human it would
Wikipedia and check human it would
Wikipedia and check human it would probably say that human is a primate
probably say that human is a primate
probably say that human is a primate that uses controls other animals and
that uses controls other animals and
that uses controls other animals and plants to produce their food and if you
plants to produce their food and if you
plants to produce their food and if you take a look on earth from far enough
take a look on earth from far enough
take a look on earth from far enough that’s quite obvious we species are
that’s quite obvious we species are
that’s quite obvious we species are farmers but it wasn’t like that always
farmers but it wasn’t like that always
farmers but it wasn’t like that always if you go back 200 thousand years the
if you go back 200 thousand years the
if you go back 200 thousand years the anatomically modern human being was
anatomically modern human being was
anatomically modern human being was already there we were collecting our
already there we were collecting our
already there we were collecting our food from the environment nuts roots
food from the environment nuts roots
food from the environment nuts roots leaves occasional animal if we caught
leaves occasional animal if we caught
leaves occasional animal if we caught one so in many ways we were
one so in many ways we were
one so in many ways we were just another primate just another ape
just another primate just another ape
just another primate just another ape and harmless insignificant species on
and harmless insignificant species on
and harmless insignificant species on the planet and we lived like that
the planet and we lived like that
the planet and we lived like that for most of our history it was only some
for most of our history it was only some
for most of our history it was only some ten thousand years ago some things
ten thousand years ago some things
ten thousand years ago some things started to change we started to farm and
started to change we started to farm and
started to change we started to farm and this was a major transition in how we
this was a major transition in how we
this was a major transition in how we fed ourselves agricultural revolution
fed ourselves agricultural revolution
fed ourselves agricultural revolution did not happen overnight but it did
did not happen overnight but it did
did not happen overnight but it did change everything we started to
change everything we started to
change everything we started to domesticate plants and animals to make
domesticate plants and animals to make
domesticate plants and animals to make them easier to control so that we could
them easier to control so that we could
them easier to control so that we could settle down and produce more food than
settle down and produce more food than
settle down and produce more food than we needed for our family so that we
we needed for our family so that we
we needed for our family so that we could support some others as well who
could support some others as well who
could support some others as well who could focus on other kinds of tasks
could focus on other kinds of tasks
could focus on other kinds of tasks administration trade that sort of things
administration trade that sort of things
administration trade that sort of things so those small communities they building
so those small communities they building
so those small communities they building – bili cheese will eat cheese became
– bili cheese will eat cheese became
– bili cheese will eat cheese became towns towns became cities cities became
towns towns became cities cities became
towns towns became cities cities became connected by trade we build
connected by trade we build
connected by trade we build civilizations civilizations build
civilizations civilizations build
civilizations civilizations build technology and science and TED talks all
technology and science and TED talks all
technology and science and TED talks all the good stuff
but all this accelerated in the past 100
but all this accelerated in the past 100 years it has been breathtaking tractors
years it has been breathtaking tractors
years it has been breathtaking tractors industrial fertilizers plant breeding
industrial fertilizers plant breeding
industrial fertilizers plant breeding have enabled us to produce more food
have enabled us to produce more food
have enabled us to produce more food than ever before and to support a larger
than ever before and to support a larger
than ever before and to support a larger population than ever before actually
population than ever before actually
population than ever before actually right now we are more than 1,000 times
right now we are more than 1,000 times
right now we are more than 1,000 times more than we were in the beginning of
more than we were in the beginning of
more than we were in the beginning of agricultural revolution and that did not
agricultural revolution and that did not
agricultural revolution and that did not come without some trouble the way we
come without some trouble the way we
come without some trouble the way we produce food nowadays is the largest
produce food nowadays is the largest
produce food nowadays is the largest environmental disaster that we have cost
environmental disaster that we have cost
environmental disaster that we have cost the nutrients we put on the fields they
the nutrients we put on the fields they
the nutrients we put on the fields they leaked into the water systems
leaked into the water systems
leaked into the water systems agriculture produces more greenhouse
agriculture produces more greenhouse
agriculture produces more greenhouse emissions than all traffic combined and
emissions than all traffic combined and
emissions than all traffic combined and it uses about 40% of the fertile surface
it uses about 40% of the fertile surface
it uses about 40% of the fertile surface of earth size of South America and all
of earth size of South America and all
of earth size of South America and all that space is away from biodiversity
that space is away from biodiversity
that space is away from biodiversity that has caused major extinctions so we
that has caused major extinctions so we
that has caused major extinctions so we are quite literally consuming our planet
are quite literally consuming our planet
are quite literally consuming our planet and that’s not going to get any easier
and that’s not going to get any easier
and that’s not going to get any easier because by 2050 we need to produce up to
because by 2050 we need to produce up to
because by 2050 we need to produce up to 70% more food without increasing the
70% more food without increasing the
70% more food without increasing the field service area
changing climate extreme weather
changing climate extreme weather conditions flats draught they’re hitting
conditions flats draught they’re hitting
conditions flats draught they’re hitting hardest our food production so we are in
hardest our food production so we are in
hardest our food production so we are in this vicious circle the way we produce
this vicious circle the way we produce
this vicious circle the way we produce our food harms environment and the
our food harms environment and the
our food harms environment and the environment punches back making
environment punches back making
environment punches back making agriculture really hard obviously
agriculture really hard obviously
agriculture really hard obviously there’s a lot of things that we could do
there’s a lot of things that we could do
there’s a lot of things that we could do right now easy things stop wasting food
right now easy things stop wasting food
right now easy things stop wasting food but use the amount of meat we consume
but use the amount of meat we consume
but use the amount of meat we consume come up with more resource efficient
come up with more resource efficient
come up with more resource efficient farming systems yes we should do all of
farming systems yes we should do all of
farming systems yes we should do all of those things but they are just
those things but they are just
those things but they are just incremental improvements into existing
incremental improvements into existing
incremental improvements into existing system we need something new something
system we need something new something
system we need something new something else a greenhouse is a structure that
else a greenhouse is a structure that
else a greenhouse is a structure that protects the crops from the weather and
protects the crops from the weather and
protects the crops from the weather and this is the reason we can produce fresh
this is the reason we can produce fresh
this is the reason we can produce fresh vegetables in Finland through the whole
vegetables in Finland through the whole
vegetables in Finland through the whole year we are the northernmost country on
year we are the northernmost country on
year we are the northernmost country on the planet that does that greenhouses
the planet that does that greenhouses
the planet that does that greenhouses allow control to the environment that
allow control to the environment that
allow control to the environment that the crops see and that allows more
the crops see and that allows more
the crops see and that allows more efficient use of nutrients and water and
efficient use of nutrients and water and
efficient use of nutrients and water and these technologies developing really
these technologies developing really
these technologies developing really fast in the modern greenhouse the plants
fast in the modern greenhouse the plants
fast in the modern greenhouse the plants are growing under LED lies stacked
are growing under LED lies stacked
are growing under LED lies stacked vertically on several layers in close to
vertically on several layers in close to
vertically on several layers in close to completely contained system where use
completely contained system where use
completely contained system where use water nutrients extremely efficiently
water nutrients extremely efficiently
water nutrients extremely efficiently and these can be placed anywhere
and these can be placed anywhere
and these can be placed anywhere Antarctica Sahara Finland underground
Antarctica Sahara Finland underground
Antarctica Sahara Finland underground this is a step forward and definitely
this is a step forward and definitely
this is a step forward and definitely part of the solution but this is not
part of the solution but this is not
part of the solution but this is not enough I think we can do much better
and this is me with my parents some
and this is me with my parents some years ago we had this old green house in
years ago we had this old green house in
years ago we had this old green house in our backyard and we’re growing all kinds
our backyard and we’re growing all kinds
our backyard and we’re growing all kinds of plants there that was my playground
of plants there that was my playground
of plants there that was my playground and when there the whole summer and
and when there the whole summer and
and when there the whole summer and eating things that I was not supposed to
eating things that I was not supposed to
eating things that I was not supposed to eat like probably right there the bad
eat like probably right there the bad
eat like probably right there the bad mom that’s going into my mouth
mom that’s going into my mouth
mom that’s going into my mouth I don’t know if it’s supposed to go
I don’t know if it’s supposed to go
I don’t know if it’s supposed to go there I was fascinated about the flavors
there I was fascinated about the flavors
there I was fascinated about the flavors and tastes of plants and why they were
and tastes of plants and why they were
and tastes of plants and why they were so different
so different
so different wise mint different from strawberry and
wise mint different from strawberry and
wise mint different from strawberry and different from sage and my mom was the
different from sage and my mom was the
different from sage and my mom was the chemistry teacher so she could provide a
chemistry teacher so she could provide a
chemistry teacher so she could provide a lot of answers but you know you grow up
lot of answers but you know you grow up
lot of answers but you know you grow up and at some moment your mom’s advice
and at some moment your mom’s advice
and at some moment your mom’s advice it’s just not good enough anymore so I
it’s just not good enough anymore so I
it’s just not good enough anymore so I read a book it was called the medical
read a book it was called the medical
read a book it was called the medical plants in Finland I was seven he was the
plants in Finland I was seven he was the
plants in Finland I was seven he was the first book I ever read but it took me to
first book I ever read but it took me to
first book I ever read but it took me to study molecular biology and cellular
study molecular biology and cellular
study molecular biology and cellular biology because I really wanted to
biology because I really wanted to
biology because I really wanted to really go on the bottom of it what goes
really go on the bottom of it what goes
really go on the bottom of it what goes on there and the smallest units of life
on there and the smallest units of life
on there and the smallest units of life in the cells actually to figure out how
in the cells actually to figure out how
in the cells actually to figure out how life itself works so plant cells they
life itself works so plant cells they
life itself works so plant cells they can be taken out of the plant and they
can be taken out of the plant and they
can be taken out of the plant and they can be grown in laboratory and
can be grown in laboratory and
can be grown in laboratory and completely artificial environment and
completely artificial environment and
completely artificial environment and they can do pretty much the same thing
they can do pretty much the same thing
they can do pretty much the same thing as a plant going to you they can take
as a plant going to you they can take
as a plant going to you they can take very simple nutrients and turn them into
very simple nutrients and turn them into
very simple nutrients and turn them into very very complex biomolecules but we
very very complex biomolecules but we
very very complex biomolecules but we need as food or as medicine right so
need as food or as medicine right so
need as food or as medicine right so here is arctic bramble it produces a lot
here is arctic bramble it produces a lot
here is arctic bramble it produces a lot of very interesting biomolecules the
of very interesting biomolecules the
of very interesting biomolecules the problem is it’s almost impossible to
problem is it’s almost impossible to
problem is it’s almost impossible to cultivate and it’s getting really very
cultivate and it’s getting really very
cultivate and it’s getting really very unfinished nature so the lab where I
unfinished nature so the lab where I
unfinished nature so the lab where I work they hacked it they took some cells
work they hacked it they took some cells
work they hacked it they took some cells and grow it in the lab as a cell culture
and grow it in the lab as a cell culture
and grow it in the lab as a cell culture and they did the same for many plant
and they did the same for many plant
and they did the same for many plant species so I got into that lab
species so I got into that lab
species so I got into that lab you can probably figure out what
you can probably figure out what
you can probably figure out what happened they told me that not supposed
happened they told me that not supposed
happened they told me that not supposed to eat that stuff we are in the lab you
to eat that stuff we are in the lab you
to eat that stuff we are in the lab you don’t eat things in the lab now I
don’t eat things in the lab now I
don’t eat things in the lab now I convinced them that we can do it and it
convinced them that we can do it and it
convinced them that we can do it and it wasn’t that crazy after all so what if
wasn’t that crazy after all so what if
wasn’t that crazy after all so what if we could grow plants in the lab and
we could grow plants in the lab and
we could grow plants in the lab and grown only the best bits of it and we
grown only the best bits of it and we
grown only the best bits of it and we could tell the cells what to do so we
could tell the cells what to do so we
could tell the cells what to do so we can actually grow that berry in the lab
can actually grow that berry in the lab
can actually grow that berry in the lab berry to find out completely contained
berry to find out completely contained
berry to find out completely contained environment but we wanted to take this a
environment but we wanted to take this a
environment but we wanted to take this a bit further we took that all the complex
bit further we took that all the complex
bit further we took that all the complex laboratory equipment simplified it
laboratory equipment simplified it
laboratory equipment simplified it redesigned it and made a device that you
redesigned it and made a device that you
redesigned it and made a device that you could have in your kitchen in your
could have in your kitchen in your
could have in your kitchen in your kitchen counter growing fresh food out
kitchen counter growing fresh food out
kitchen counter growing fresh food out of plant cells out of any plants cells
of plant cells out of any plants cells
of plant cells out of any plants cells in anywhere on the planet
in anywhere on the planet
in anywhere on the planet that’s Arctic ramble there as cell
that’s Arctic ramble there as cell
that’s Arctic ramble there as cell culture yummy with yogurt if we can do
culture yummy with yogurt if we can do
culture yummy with yogurt if we can do that with plants could we do that with
that with plants could we do that with
that with plants could we do that with animals sure let’s take a sense that
animals sure let’s take a sense that
animals sure let’s take a sense that stem cell out of a cow produce muscle
stem cell out of a cow produce muscle
stem cell out of a cow produce muscle tissue in the lab and make a burger
tissue in the lab and make a burger
tissue in the lab and make a burger technology exists it’s still
technology exists it’s still
technology exists it’s still ridiculously expensive but it provokes
ridiculously expensive but it provokes
ridiculously expensive but it provokes the question do we need animals to make
the question do we need animals to make
the question do we need animals to make meat in the future probably not and we
meat in the future probably not and we
meat in the future probably not and we don’t need them for many other things
don’t need them for many other things
don’t need them for many other things either we can take piece of DNA out of
either we can take piece of DNA out of
either we can take piece of DNA out of the cow do you know the codes for milk
the cow do you know the codes for milk
the cow do you know the codes for milk proteins put it in baker’s yeast throw
proteins put it in baker’s yeast throw
proteins put it in baker’s yeast throw that in the tank and have the yeast
that in the tank and have the yeast
that in the tank and have the yeast produce milk or gelatin for gummy bears
produce milk or gelatin for gummy bears
produce milk or gelatin for gummy bears or egg proteins for eggs any proteins so
or egg proteins for eggs any proteins so
or egg proteins for eggs any proteins so we can actually make completely
we can actually make completely
we can actually make completely synthetic cells we could just engineer a
synthetic cells we could just engineer a
synthetic cells we could just engineer a cell that makes all kinds of components
cell that makes all kinds of components
cell that makes all kinds of components our nutrition that we need have it
our nutrition that we need have it
our nutrition that we need have it engineered to take carbon from carbon
engineered to take carbon from carbon
engineered to take carbon from carbon dioxide from the air or methane from the
dioxide from the air or methane from the
dioxide from the air or methane from the air in there are synthetic biology all
air in there are synthetic biology all
air in there are synthetic biology all this is possible and I think if we could
this is possible and I think if we could
this is possible and I think if we could have these tanks many tanks growing all
have these tanks many tanks growing all
have these tanks many tanks growing all these different organisms that would
these different organisms that would
these different organisms that would combine that would make complete human
combine that would make complete human
combine that would make complete human diet right completely contained why
diet right completely contained why
diet right completely contained why and then we could take all those
and then we could take all those
and then we could take all those components and put them together with 3d
components and put them together with 3d
components and put them together with 3d printer and have food complete
printer and have food complete
printer and have food complete transition in food system I would call
transition in food system I would call
transition in food system I would call that solar agriculture and now you say
that solar agriculture and now you say
that solar agriculture and now you say hold on that’s crazy
hold on that’s crazy
hold on that’s crazy that’s not my food that’s not natural
that’s not my food that’s not natural
that’s not my food that’s not natural what about the risks that we cannot see
what about the risks that we cannot see
what about the risks that we cannot see yet what about playing God
yet what about playing God
yet what about playing God what about is this technology will it be
what about is this technology will it be
what about is this technology will it be equally available for everyone what are
equally available for everyone what are
equally available for everyone what are the things that we don’t know yet and
the things that we don’t know yet and
the things that we don’t know yet and you’re absolutely right it is a scary
you’re absolutely right it is a scary
you’re absolutely right it is a scary thing because we are farmers now if you
thing because we are farmers now if you
thing because we are farmers now if you look back the previous transition in
look back the previous transition in
look back the previous transition in food agriculture
food agriculture
food agriculture none of those organisms that we knew use
none of those organisms that we knew use
none of those organisms that we knew use now to make our food existed carrots
now to make our food existed carrots
now to make our food existed carrots cabbage cheese rice corn none of that
cabbage cheese rice corn none of that
cabbage cheese rice corn none of that was there we created all of them we
was there we created all of them we
was there we created all of them we created completely artificial
created completely artificial
created completely artificial environment where they grow the fields
environment where they grow the fields
environment where they grow the fields and the forms and yes it did cause a lot
and the forms and yes it did cause a lot
and the forms and yes it did cause a lot of harm for the environment obviously
of harm for the environment obviously
of harm for the environment obviously but also for us it narrowed down our
but also for us it narrowed down our
but also for us it narrowed down our diets in the beginning and settling down
diets in the beginning and settling down
diets in the beginning and settling down cause a lot of infectious diseases that
cause a lot of infectious diseases that
cause a lot of infectious diseases that we didn’t have before Agricultural
we didn’t have before Agricultural
we didn’t have before Agricultural Revolution was a transition and it was a
Revolution was a transition and it was a
Revolution was a transition and it was a trade off but without that we wouldn’t
trade off but without that we wouldn’t
trade off but without that we wouldn’t be here so the next transition might be
be here so the next transition might be
be here so the next transition might be inevitable if the climate change is
inevitable if the climate change is
inevitable if the climate change is enough we have no other choice then
enough we have no other choice then
enough we have no other choice then produce our food in completely contained
produce our food in completely contained
produce our food in completely contained environments
but I hope but there would be they would
but I hope but there would be they would be a choice that we make it would be a
be a choice that we make it would be a
be a choice that we make it would be a necessary transition that we would
necessary transition that we would
necessary transition that we would willingly make if we could make our food
willingly make if we could make our food
willingly make if we could make our food in small surface area in contained
in small surface area in contained
in small surface area in contained environment with extreme efficiency not
environment with extreme efficiency not
environment with extreme efficiency not wasting resources we could probably
wasting resources we could probably
wasting resources we could probably reforest some of those fields we could
reforest some of those fields we could
reforest some of those fields we could live on this planet without consuming it
live on this planet without consuming it
live on this planet without consuming it but it could be much more than that
but it could be much more than that
but it could be much more than that now if we can make that bioreactor farm
now if we can make that bioreactor farm
now if we can make that bioreactor farm where we could make the whole complete
where we could make the whole complete
where we could make the whole complete human diet that would for the first time
human diet that would for the first time
human diet that would for the first time break the bond that we have to soil and
break the bond that we have to soil and
break the bond that we have to soil and earth that could actually enable some of
earth that could actually enable some of
earth that could actually enable some of us to leave this planet become truly
us to leave this planet become truly
us to leave this planet become truly interplanetary species space monkeys
interplanetary species space monkeys
interplanetary species space monkeys now food is in the core of our identity
now food is in the core of our identity
now food is in the core of our identity and when we think of who we are we tend
and when we think of who we are we tend
and when we think of who we are we tend to look to the past I see that we are
to look to the past I see that we are
to look to the past I see that we are farmers but when you look far enough to
farmers but when you look far enough to
farmers but when you look far enough to the past it’s clear that we have been
the past it’s clear that we have been
the past it’s clear that we have been farmers only very short part of our
farmers only very short part of our
farmers only very short part of our history and it’s clear that we cannot go
history and it’s clear that we cannot go
history and it’s clear that we cannot go back to be hunter-gatherers now we’re
back to be hunter-gatherers now we’re
back to be hunter-gatherers now we’re facing some of the biggest challenges of
facing some of the biggest challenges of
facing some of the biggest challenges of humanity right now and we have to use
humanity right now and we have to use
humanity right now and we have to use all possible technologies all possible
all possible technologies all possible
all possible technologies all possible smart ideas to live on this planet
smart ideas to live on this planet
smart ideas to live on this planet without consuming it that requires us to
without consuming it that requires us to
without consuming it that requires us to fix the current system stop wasting food
fix the current system stop wasting food
fix the current system stop wasting food reduce meat consumption develop better
reduce meat consumption develop better
reduce meat consumption develop better agriculture systems that use resources
agriculture systems that use resources
agriculture systems that use resources efficiently but that also means that we
efficiently but that also means that we
efficiently but that also means that we have to take the next transition we have
have to take the next transition we have
have to take the next transition we have to develop food production systems that
to develop food production systems that
to develop food production systems that are completely decoupled from the
are completely decoupled from the
are completely decoupled from the environment and for that we need to
environment and for that we need to
environment and for that we need to create completely new synthetic single
create completely new synthetic single
create completely new synthetic single cell production organisms now that
cell production organisms now that
cell production organisms now that thought feels strange and awkward
because who we think we are but the
because who we think we are but the world around us is changing fast and
world around us is changing fast and
world around us is changing fast and instead of looking back we really need
instead of looking back we really need
instead of looking back we really need to bravely look forward and ask the
to bravely look forward and ask the
to bravely look forward and ask the questions
questions
questions who will we become next thank you
who will we become next thank you
who will we become next thank you you
”
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