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Demystifying Death Through Forensic Practice in Africa | Kaone Panzirah-Mabaka | TEDxGaborone


I’m going to ask you a question what

I’m going to ask you a question what comes to your mind when one mentions the

comes to your mind when one mentions the

comes to your mind when one mentions the word death quite often this way the

word death quite often this way the

word death quite often this way the invokes feelings of sadness grief and

invokes feelings of sadness grief and

invokes feelings of sadness grief and misery I’ve seen people develop

misery I’ve seen people develop

misery I’ve seen people develop goosebumps

goosebumps

goosebumps some would clench their jaws together

some would clench their jaws together

some would clench their jaws together some even get edgy and are traumatized

some even get edgy and are traumatized

some even get edgy and are traumatized by the death of someone take the person

by the death of someone take the person

by the death of someone take the person sitting next to you for example you are

sitting next to you for example you are

sitting next to you for example you are friends or you just met here and started

friends or you just met here and started

friends or you just met here and started talking to each other you are laughing

talking to each other you are laughing

talking to each other you are laughing together and friendly with one another

together and friendly with one another

together and friendly with one another what would happen if the same person

what would happen if the same person

what would happen if the same person sitting next to you drops dead

within seconds you would move from these

within seconds you would move from these feelings of affection to being afraid of

feelings of affection to being afraid of

feelings of affection to being afraid of the specimen you didn’t even want to

the specimen you didn’t even want to

the specimen you didn’t even want to look at that person let alone touchy

look at that person let alone touchy

look at that person let alone touchy more hair why my hope is that after

more hair why my hope is that after

more hair why my hope is that after today you will not feel the same way

today you will not feel the same way

today you will not feel the same way death should not induce this

death should not induce this

death should not induce this gut-wrenching fear or bring sadness to

gut-wrenching fear or bring sadness to

gut-wrenching fear or bring sadness to anyone I actually think that death

anyone I actually think that death

anyone I actually think that death should be embraced and celebrated yes

should be embraced and celebrated yes

should be embraced and celebrated yes embraced and celebrated my perception

embraced and celebrated my perception

embraced and celebrated my perception and attitude to death is obviously

and attitude to death is obviously

and attitude to death is obviously linked to my personal experiences so let

linked to my personal experiences so let

linked to my personal experiences so let me share with you my background I

me share with you my background I

me share with you my background I trained as a medical doctor basically

trained as a medical doctor basically

trained as a medical doctor basically like any other doctor I wanted to take

like any other doctor I wanted to take

like any other doctor I wanted to take care of patients treat diseases as well

care of patients treat diseases as well

care of patients treat diseases as well as to relieve pain and suffering I then

as to relieve pain and suffering I then

as to relieve pain and suffering I then specialized in the area of pathology

specialized in the area of pathology

specialized in the area of pathology that is the study of disease etiology

that is the study of disease etiology

that is the study of disease etiology what causes these diseases how they are

what causes these diseases how they are

what causes these diseases how they are transmitted and how they may lead to

transmitted and how they may lead to

transmitted and how they may lead to death I sub specialized in the area of

death I sub specialized in the area of

death I sub specialized in the area of forensic pathology that is the

forensic pathology that is the

forensic pathology that is the application of medicine and pathology

application of medicine and pathology

application of medicine and pathology for the needs of the criminal justice

for the needs of the criminal justice

for the needs of the criminal justice system as you know quite often death is

system as you know quite often death is

system as you know quite often death is as a result of unnatural causes like

as a result of unnatural causes like

as a result of unnatural causes like physical harm and violence at the same

physical harm and violence at the same

physical harm and violence at the same time being a doctor I am an African in

time being a doctor I am an African in

time being a doctor I am an African in African medical doctor I work as a death

African medical doctor I work as a death

African medical doctor I work as a death investigator in an African environment

investigator in an African environment

investigator in an African environment and you know death investigation from a

and you know death investigation from a

and you know death investigation from a forensic perspective in an African

forensic perspective in an African

forensic perspective in an African setting has forced me to reconcile

setting has forced me to reconcile

setting has forced me to reconcile science with my African beliefs this has

science with my African beliefs this has

science with my African beliefs this has been very phenomenal and unique like any

been very phenomenal and unique like any

been very phenomenal and unique like any other community we Africans view death

other community we Africans view death

other community we Africans view death according to our socio-cultural beliefs

according to our socio-cultural beliefs

according to our socio-cultural beliefs one belief system shapes how they view

one belief system shapes how they view

one belief system shapes how they view death and can make a person develop

death and can make a person develop

death and can make a person develop either positive or negative attitude to

either positive or negative attitude to

either positive or negative attitude to death and these are not easy to shake

death and these are not easy to shake

death and these are not easy to shake off here in Botswana we subscribe to a

off here in Botswana we subscribe to a

off here in Botswana we subscribe to a culture root

culture root

culture root had an ancestral belief system and

had an ancestral belief system and

had an ancestral belief system and shaped by judeo-christian concepts we

shaped by judeo-christian concepts we

shaped by judeo-christian concepts we typically believe in the afterlife that

typically believe in the afterlife that

typically believe in the afterlife that our body is only a vessel that remains

our body is only a vessel that remains

our body is only a vessel that remains empty after death

empty after death

empty after death we do however attach significance to

we do however attach significance to

we do however attach significance to this vessel because of the soul

this vessel because of the soul

this vessel because of the soul contained in it is somehow believed that

contained in it is somehow believed that

contained in it is somehow believed that this soul hovers around the body and

this soul hovers around the body and

this soul hovers around the body and continues to live even after death we

continues to live even after death we

continues to live even after death we therefore view bodies not just as bodies

therefore view bodies not just as bodies

therefore view bodies not just as bodies but perhaps as vessels surrounded by

but perhaps as vessels surrounded by

but perhaps as vessels surrounded by this spiritual aura that we cannot

this spiritual aura that we cannot

this spiritual aura that we cannot explain best therefore that mysticism

explain best therefore that mysticism

explain best therefore that mysticism surround in death and unfortunately we

surround in death and unfortunately we

surround in death and unfortunately we happen to focus on those explanations

happen to focus on those explanations

happen to focus on those explanations that induces fear and pain I personally

that induces fear and pain I personally

that induces fear and pain I personally come from Tulane a small village in the

come from Tulane a small village in the

come from Tulane a small village in the outskirts of the capital city harbour

outskirts of the capital city harbour

outskirts of the capital city harbour Oni where we bury our deceased presence

Oni where we bury our deceased presence

Oni where we bury our deceased presence within our residential areas and

within our residential areas and

within our residential areas and children often under the floors of our

children often under the floors of our

children often under the floors of our houses as backrub a tribe we feel if we

houses as backrub a tribe we feel if we

houses as backrub a tribe we feel if we use outside symmetries we are actually

use outside symmetries we are actually

use outside symmetries we are actually neglecting or throwing away our deceased

neglecting or throwing away our deceased

neglecting or throwing away our deceased presence like any other tribes in putana

presence like any other tribes in putana

presence like any other tribes in putana we handled the deceased with reverence

we handled the deceased with reverence

we handled the deceased with reverence and kay we spent days mourning the

and kay we spent days mourning the

and kay we spent days mourning the deceased persons sometimes more than a

deceased persons sometimes more than a

deceased persons sometimes more than a week and this is obviously the influence

week and this is obviously the influence

week and this is obviously the influence from our ancestral belief system so you

from our ancestral belief system so you

from our ancestral belief system so you see our culture and way of thinking

see our culture and way of thinking

see our culture and way of thinking encourages us to find elaborate and

encourages us to find elaborate and

encourages us to find elaborate and sinister motives associated with death

sinister motives associated with death

sinister motives associated with death someone cannot just die from a heart

someone cannot just die from a heart

someone cannot just die from a heart attack

attack

attack without finding some peculiar

without finding some peculiar

without finding some peculiar explanations associated with the death

explanations associated with the death

explanations associated with the death people die especially at gatherings are

people die especially at gatherings are

people die especially at gatherings are commonly said to have been a poisoned

commonly said to have been a poisoned

commonly said to have been a poisoned unfortunately this belief system robs us

unfortunately this belief system robs us

unfortunately this belief system robs us of ability to see death from a positive

of ability to see death from a positive

of ability to see death from a positive point of view from a medical standpoint

point of view from a medical standpoint

point of view from a medical standpoint a person is an organism that has

a person is an organism that has

a person is an organism that has physiology

physiology

physiology that manifest is what you call life each

that manifest is what you call life each

that manifest is what you call life each person is made up of and controlled by

person is made up of and controlled by

person is made up of and controlled by systems for example we have the

systems for example we have the

systems for example we have the cardiovascular system which is the heart

cardiovascular system which is the heart

cardiovascular system which is the heart and related structures the respiratory

and related structures the respiratory

and related structures the respiratory system which is the lance and the entire

system which is the lance and the entire

system which is the lance and the entire breathing apparatus the neurological

breathing apparatus the neurological

breathing apparatus the neurological system which is the thinking and sensory

system which is the thinking and sensory

system which is the thinking and sensory mechanism made up of the brain spinal

mechanism made up of the brain spinal

mechanism made up of the brain spinal cord and nerves death is what happens

cord and nerves death is what happens

cord and nerves death is what happens when this system shuts down in ceases to

when this system shuts down in ceases to

when this system shuts down in ceases to function and after ever any living thing

function and after ever any living thing

function and after ever any living thing dies it goes back to the ground and

dies it goes back to the ground and

dies it goes back to the ground and becomes organic matter so tell me if if

becomes organic matter so tell me if if

becomes organic matter so tell me if if if a person is for example crushed by a

if a person is for example crushed by a

if a person is for example crushed by a fast-moving car isn’t it like a mosquito

fast-moving car isn’t it like a mosquito

fast-moving car isn’t it like a mosquito being smashed by someone’s hand

you you you must be wondering how can

you you you must be wondering how can this guy compare the death of a person

this guy compare the death of a person

this guy compare the death of a person to that of a mosquito my experience has

to that of a mosquito my experience has

to that of a mosquito my experience has taught me that a dead body is really a

taught me that a dead body is really a

taught me that a dead body is really a caucus that the deceased person has left

caucus that the deceased person has left

caucus that the deceased person has left behind on earth for us to study the so

behind on earth for us to study the so

behind on earth for us to study the so and so we know it’s no more of course

and so we know it’s no more of course

and so we know it’s no more of course you may say gone or going depending on

you may say gone or going depending on

you may say gone or going depending on your belief system but the fact is that

your belief system but the fact is that

your belief system but the fact is that they are no more what we see is just a

they are no more what we see is just a

they are no more what we see is just a bag of bones and meat that we can study

[Applause]

[Applause] you know I’ve come to view the deceased

you know I’ve come to view the deceased

you know I’ve come to view the deceased body as their gift to humanity it

body as their gift to humanity it

body as their gift to humanity it affords us opportunity to study their

affords us opportunity to study their

affords us opportunity to study their causes of death thereby delaying or

causes of death thereby delaying or

causes of death thereby delaying or preventing the death of those who are

preventing the death of those who are

preventing the death of those who are still alive

still alive

still alive a dead body it’s a sacrifice to humanity

a dead body it’s a sacrifice to humanity

a dead body it’s a sacrifice to humanity and you know this altruistic behavior

and you know this altruistic behavior

and you know this altruistic behavior it’s also seen in other animals for

it’s also seen in other animals for

it’s also seen in other animals for example a bee will attack and sting if

example a bee will attack and sting if

example a bee will attack and sting if it senses intrusion to its nest even

it senses intrusion to its nest even

it senses intrusion to its nest even though it knows that its stingers will

though it knows that its stingers will

though it knows that its stingers will be detached from the abdomen therefore

be detached from the abdomen therefore

be detached from the abdomen therefore dying in the process but it also knows

dying in the process but it also knows

dying in the process but it also knows that the enemy will run away and live

that the enemy will run away and live

that the enemy will run away and live the rest of the colony

the rest of the colony

the rest of the colony to propagate it progeny let me share

to propagate it progeny let me share

to propagate it progeny let me share with you some of the cases of come

with you some of the cases of come

with you some of the cases of come across in order to prove my assertion

across in order to prove my assertion

across in order to prove my assertion that death can be a gift to humanity a

that death can be a gift to humanity a

that death can be a gift to humanity a family was experiencing the death of

family was experiencing the death of

family was experiencing the death of their children before they reached 11

their children before they reached 11

their children before they reached 11 years of age in fact three children died

years of age in fact three children died

years of age in fact three children died the third child died at the age of six

the third child died at the age of six

the third child died at the age of six years an autopsy and genetic tests

years an autopsy and genetic tests

years an autopsy and genetic tests revealed that this child died from an

revealed that this child died from an

revealed that this child died from an inherited electrical disorder of the

inherited electrical disorder of the

inherited electrical disorder of the heart this information ensured that two

heart this information ensured that two

heart this information ensured that two other children who is still alive were

other children who is still alive were

other children who is still alive were referred to a cardiologist or heart

referred to a cardiologist or heart

referred to a cardiologist or heart specialist and were ultimately put on

specialist and were ultimately put on

specialist and were ultimately put on medication to prevent death from this

medication to prevent death from this

medication to prevent death from this inherited heart condition so you see the

inherited heart condition so you see the

inherited heart condition so you see the death of this particular six-year-old

death of this particular six-year-old

death of this particular six-year-old child was a blessing too to others who

child was a blessing too to others who

child was a blessing too to others who continued to live even up to today

their parents were also relieved that

their parents were also relieved that the other children did not die from some

the other children did not die from some

the other children did not die from some sort of witchcraft or to a non magic or

sort of witchcraft or to a non magic or

sort of witchcraft or to a non magic or voodoo so this is how this death was a

voodoo so this is how this death was a

voodoo so this is how this death was a gift to everyone else

gift to everyone else

gift to everyone else second case three people including a

second case three people including a

second case three people including a pasta diet while conducting a baptismal

pasta diet while conducting a baptismal

pasta diet while conducting a baptismal service in Columbia River 40 kilometers

service in Columbia River 40 kilometers

service in Columbia River 40 kilometers southwest of Harbor oniy the popular

southwest of Harbor oniy the popular

southwest of Harbor oniy the popular belief among the community was that

belief among the community was that

belief among the community was that there was a big snake or anaconda like

there was a big snake or anaconda like

there was a big snake or anaconda like creature commonly referred to españa

creature commonly referred to españa

creature commonly referred to españa but that lives in the river

but that lives in the river

but that lives in the river apparently the snake would occasionally

apparently the snake would occasionally

apparently the snake would occasionally take people who swim in that part of the

take people who swim in that part of the

take people who swim in that part of the river after an intensive investigation

river after an intensive investigation

river after an intensive investigation it was apparent that the cause of death

it was apparent that the cause of death

it was apparent that the cause of death was just drowning that they died they

was just drowning that they died they

was just drowning that they died they drowned in deeper medea waters and

drowned in deeper medea waters and

drowned in deeper medea waters and imagine none of the people who are

imagine none of the people who are

imagine none of the people who are present there could rescue them because

present there could rescue them because

present there could rescue them because they couldn’t swim as well so this

they couldn’t swim as well so this

they couldn’t swim as well so this invaluable information would in future

invaluable information would in future

invaluable information would in future be used by the authorities to ensure

be used by the authorities to ensure

be used by the authorities to ensure that anybody conducting a religious

that anybody conducting a religious

that anybody conducting a religious ceremony in this river would be

ceremony in this river would be

ceremony in this river would be accompanied by trained swimmers so the

accompanied by trained swimmers so the

accompanied by trained swimmers so the death of this stream was a blessing to

death of this stream was a blessing to

death of this stream was a blessing to the entire community

the entire community

the entire community [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] my third case while excavating a caved

my third case while excavating a caved

my third case while excavating a caved water point or borehole a person

water point or borehole a person

water point or borehole a person disappeared the second person who

disappeared the second person who

disappeared the second person who followed to check on this first also did

followed to check on this first also did

followed to check on this first also did not resurface everybody abandoned the

not resurface everybody abandoned the

not resurface everybody abandoned the boho and and nobody wanted to go nyet

boho and and nobody wanted to go nyet

boho and and nobody wanted to go nyet because surely there must have been

because surely there must have been

because surely there must have been something taking these people guess that

something taking these people guess that

something taking these people guess that what is the infamous anaconda after risk

what is the infamous anaconda after risk

what is the infamous anaconda after risk was ultimately retrieved the body’s

was ultimately retrieved the body’s

was ultimately retrieved the body’s postmortem examination showed that they

postmortem examination showed that they

postmortem examination showed that they died from carbon monoxide poisoning that

died from carbon monoxide poisoning that

died from carbon monoxide poisoning that was from a fluid generator that we are

was from a fluid generator that we are

was from a fluid generator that we are using to light up inside the cave there

using to light up inside the cave there

using to light up inside the cave there was a relief to the community a borehole

was a relief to the community a borehole

was a relief to the community a borehole that would have been abandoned for

that would have been abandoned for

that would have been abandoned for generations to come and probably also

generations to come and probably also

generations to come and probably also associated with this myth was she

associated with this myth was she

associated with this myth was she ultimately used for the betterment of

ultimately used for the betterment of

ultimately used for the betterment of the community a detainee who commits

the community a detainee who commits

the community a detainee who commits suicide in custody in short that holding

suicide in custody in short that holding

suicide in custody in short that holding cells are constructed such that they do

cells are constructed such that they do

cells are constructed such that they do not have points where others can hand

not have points where others can hand

not have points where others can hand themselves or that idea to buy a blanket

themselves or that idea to buy a blanket

themselves or that idea to buy a blanket without seams where put forward you can

without seams where put forward you can

without seams where put forward you can imagine somebody committing suicide

imagine somebody committing suicide

imagine somebody committing suicide maybe just sending a message that my

maybe just sending a message that my

maybe just sending a message that my workplace is horrible

workplace is horrible

workplace is horrible so please do something about it

so please do something about it

so please do something about it Oh or perhaps or perhaps my partner is

Oh or perhaps or perhaps my partner is

Oh or perhaps or perhaps my partner is abusive so lady stay away from this man

criminals who could have perpetuated

criminals who could have perpetuated more violence and deaths are put behind

more violence and deaths are put behind

more violence and deaths are put behind bars because of the death of one

bars because of the death of one

bars because of the death of one particular person you may be aware that

particular person you may be aware that

particular person you may be aware that the life expectancy of the world today

the life expectancy of the world today

the life expectancy of the world today it’s above 70 years compared to 1960

it’s above 70 years compared to 1960

it’s above 70 years compared to 1960 when it was hovering around 57 years

when it was hovering around 57 years

when it was hovering around 57 years whether this is due to advanced medical

whether this is due to advanced medical

whether this is due to advanced medical technology better disease management or

technology better disease management or

technology better disease management or new techniques like stem cell theory

new techniques like stem cell theory

new techniques like stem cell theory what we know is that it is because of

what we know is that it is because of

what we know is that it is because of the death of other fellow human beings

the death of other fellow human beings

the death of other fellow human beings that we are able to learn from their

that we are able to learn from their

that we are able to learn from their bodies thereby preventing the death of

bodies thereby preventing the death of

bodies thereby preventing the death of those who are alive so my friends my

those who are alive so my friends my

those who are alive so my friends my role as a forensic pathologist is to use

role as a forensic pathologist is to use

role as a forensic pathologist is to use evidence left by death to bring peace to

evidence left by death to bring peace to

evidence left by death to bring peace to those who survive

for example we are able to reassure

for example we are able to reassure people that they are not being bewitched

we do however push science and facts

we do however push science and facts above all else in order to combat the

above all else in order to combat the

above all else in order to combat the hysteria and paranoia commonly

hysteria and paranoia commonly

hysteria and paranoia commonly associated with deaths we also try to

associated with deaths we also try to

associated with deaths we also try to understand people’s background and to

understand people’s background and to

understand people’s background and to see why they may view death in a certain

see why they may view death in a certain

see why they may view death in a certain manner death is painful nobody can deny

manner death is painful nobody can deny

manner death is painful nobody can deny that losing someone close to you it’s

that losing someone close to you it’s

that losing someone close to you it’s saddening the whole that they dead

saddening the whole that they dead

saddening the whole that they dead person lives it’s very difficult to feel

person lives it’s very difficult to feel

person lives it’s very difficult to feel so while shedding tears when a loved one

so while shedding tears when a loved one

so while shedding tears when a loved one died and it is okay to do that pause for

died and it is okay to do that pause for

died and it is okay to do that pause for a moment and try to understand what you

a moment and try to understand what you

a moment and try to understand what you can learn from their death people teach

can learn from their death people teach

can learn from their death people teach us so many things when their life but

us so many things when their life but

us so many things when their life but also when they die they give us their

also when they die they give us their

also when they die they give us their dead body to learn from so my friends

dead body to learn from so my friends

dead body to learn from so my friends let us try to embrace death because a

let us try to embrace death because a

let us try to embrace death because a dead body is the deceased gift to the

dead body is the deceased gift to the

dead body is the deceased gift to the living thank you

living thank you

living thank you [Music]

[Music]

[Music] [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

”

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