[Applause]
outside scrabble aficionados
I checked 1 that’s sixty
fifteen points in word triple count
how many of you this morning have thought
immuno cancerology thousand names
Unnamed to the e10 a name but louis
michel the family does not work
sorry to dance yen it’s me
because immuno oncology is
an important thing it’s a thing
serious
by the way to tell you about it I
donned my teacher’s blouse
of immunology at the faculty of
Chief Medical Officer Immunology
chu de reindeer and director of
the research unit inserm u 1236
microenvironment differentiation
cellular immunology and cancer yes
little wink all women who
wear blues are not
nurse or laboratory assistant
in immuno cancerology ago
immunology the study of the system
immune
the system that you francs against
the viruses the bacteria that sticks to you
allergies and incidentally who you
allows to make babies
no senior gentlemen I speak
not the first half hour
finally the first three minutes
sometimes a year I’m talking to you ladies of
nine months following those where at least
to be reproduced with your
twin brother what I do not wish you
not you tolerate a fetus that is a
alien totally incompatible with you
from an immunological point of view at least
immunology so and in immuno
oncology there is also oncology
because yes today I ‘m going to you
talk about cancer a disease that you
regards all so I could you
talk about cancer risk factors
remember that tobacco is the
first cause of cancer what is
true or while pesticides to odos
totally at the farmers
promotes the risk of certain cancers
which is true too
long live indoor salads and so
that cancer is a real issue
public health but no it will not be
not here today a vision
societal cancer I could also
explain the differences
genetic resources that exist between
different types of cancers or at
within the same type of cancer between
different patients or for a
even sick between his primary tumor
and its metastases
but no it will not be a
course on non-cancer genetics
if I’m here today it’s
to talk to you about the network extremely
intricate interaction that gets
develops between on the one hand the cells
tumors and on the other hand the cells
In particular normal immune
either this dialogue promotes growth
of the tumor and knows what is formed
call the tumor niche
yes if I’m here today it’s
good to talk to you about immuno
cancerology no luck but before
this a brief little backtrack on
what could be called fashion in
science and actually in science like
elsewhere fashion is more so the
blouse the theory that our
immune system protects us
against cancer
also called immuno theory
monitoring actually dates from the beginning of the
20th century
it is based on the idea that a cell
cancerous is recognized by the system
immune as different from
normal cells kind controls
identity show me your papers and
that she will be destroyed by this
immune system but failure in
the 70’s 80 strategies of
vaccination against cancer even
that we were able to recruit within
tumors
a lot of these gendarmes
immune system but they
were happened proved totally
incompetent led to the abandonment
complete disinterest for these
approaches from both a point of view
scientific and financial goodbye immunity
cancerology long live therapies
targeted indeed at the same time where
take place the incredible progress of the
high throughput sequencing that allows
to read in record time the totality
of the genetic code of a cell and
even to know everything she produces
at 1
I stop you immediately two
facets we do it in several hours
not so fast that there is
that in the experts that a type waving
titube rotates her super mega
software or in 12 seconds appears the
photo of the suspect who is none other than
false gardener upstream of the victim
the researchers then tried
to identify among these alterations
genetic which ones were really
responsible for cancer either because
that they favored proliferation
multiplication of tumor cells
because they were blocking their death
in parallel of course we looked for it
to target these genetic alterations
by small chemical molecules
it is the rise of targeted therapies and
finally it is only very
recently that super bright
synology those cancers and the super
brilliant geneticist the cancers get
are said group us and tomorrow
decree the common salvation indeed he
had just realized a
evidence of more tumor cells and
abnormal from a genetic point of view
the more she is likely to be seen and
recognized by the immune system and
therefore potentially destroyed
it was time to work together
in addition during this period
illogisms have discovered that the niche
tumors the immune system that
infiltrate tumors is constituted
of a combination of vouchers of crude and
mobsters the good ones the good ones we want this
are the immune cells anti
tumor and in particular that which one
calls the killer lymphocytes or
cytotoxic
to be effective they need to
be numerous
it’s a bit like in a democracy
to be numerous to make his voice heard
voice if you know what I mean
but it must also be able to
specifically recognize the tumor
the suspect that’s the first factor
limiting in many cases including
when the tumor has a lot
of genetic alteration
these parameters are met and
yet she is not destroyed
why because his kind are
as often in real life a little
how to say is kind nice what a
little
soft knee and that’s due to the fact
that the cancer cell expressed its
surface to escape them
brake molecules that blocks them there
so reactivated wake up these
nice gendarmes
and for that we have a new
class of drugs that are
antibody raising its brakes then as
in the country of candy
there are the good guys and there are the
bad guys and bad guys they are
super effective super twisted these are from
true psychopaths
there are two main categories
the first will directly stimulate
the second tumor cells are going to
promote construction
the organization of the niche for example
they can promote the formation of
new blood vessels or they
will actively block
nice gendarmes by making them all
soft as we saw previously
we find in this category by
example the regulatory t lymphocytes
and we have today must
expect of strategy that aims to
destroy
finally as in any good western there is
the mobsters of the guys potentially
nice but actually sneaky and who
can do evil we find there by
example the macrophages associated with
tumors then they can eat them
cells of the month is ca c is good but
they can also produce factors
tumor pro and that’s clearly
less good
then the goal is to
reeducate to bring them back into the right
path
basically turn the bad guys into
nice in the very nice unit
inserm
I lead him 1236 well we
is interested in these different types of
cells the way they
dialogue between them which she evolves
with the tumor they are organizing
in ecosystems in a type
particular tumor called
lymphoma or lymph node tumors
which is an excellent niche model
tumors full of good raw and
mobsters so we could demonstrate
recently that one of the alterations
most frequent genetic
prevents tumor cells from
produce an antitumor factor that
call hvm the same age loss and
powerfully pro tumor because she
going both directly activated the
cancer cells but also
favor the great bad guys who are going
boost tumors and promote
building the niche too balèze
in these conditions we did it squarely
call to cytotoxic cell raids
super efficient and super specific
the tumor then the raid a judge you
remember it’s the team that looks
maybe to brad pitt or george
clooney
except that in fact we do not know because
that they have are always masked what
so we did a little similar in
cells its toxic waters
we surreptitiously introduced the
molecule in Geneva we reintroduced
all in sick mice and the
killer cells could at once
destroy the tumor and relegating
hvm inhibit the super villains too
loud so why this afternoon I
came to talk to you about immuno
oncology while for the most part
of you luckily you
will never develop lymphoma
while for all of you
you never sat down
question of the tumor niche those who
do you have it well is wrong then all
first maybe to make you a
a little less stupid finally what seems to me
already be a very commendable goal
no no no actually it’s not that but
the idea is that while the
genetic alterations are
specific to each cancer
these mechanisms of interaction between
cancer cells and their niches
are common to all cancers and
the hour of their knowledge are born from
new therapeutic strategies
that are potentially effective in
all cancers
the prospects are immense the
first exciting results but the
extremely high cost of these
therapeutic will impact the whole
of our health system
so in fact yes today I am
also come to talk to you about a question
societal that of knowing what you
want to make your health system
of what you want to do other
research systems
it’s a question that does not concern
a 10 cents or a thousand people here but
which concerns us all I thank you
[Applause]
”
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