hello listen I am very happy
to be there thanks and actually I’m
come to share with you good
new
yes finally then actually I the
first good news they me
particularly concern
I have the privilege of being a researcher
do basic research in
immunology
you will see why it will become
important is actually the good news
which I come to talk to you about
it is quite infrequent in two
domains that will interest us
this afternoon because the estate
which I’m going to talk to you about
unfortunately know these suites the
Cancer
so cancer is a disease
terrible it’s an illness that would be
again very surprised that and
people yes there are some of between
you who has not been directly or
indirectly confronted with these
pathologies and you know that these
pathologies not only are they
painful painful and sometimes
very severe in their forecasts
but the treatments that
accompany are not devoid
themselves of toxicity these treatments
know them and surgery is the
radiotherapy and this is the
chemotherapy and in any case this
that we try to do with these
treatments
it is to remove the tumor it is very
intuitive
it makes sense as we say to
canadians there is a tumor we try to
the in v is actually that I will try
to send you today it’s
that there is a revolution
therapeutic that exists
today and that allows for
propose new treatments for this
cancer for these cancers
in fact to accompany you in the
understanding this new treatment
I’m going to talk about gold immunology
what is a mine in the home
immunology is science that
try to understand immunity
so what is it
immunity but immunity it’s
the set of mechanisms that we
to fight a whole bunch
of aggression to which one is subjected
constantly for example right now
I hear someone who all for example
right now in this room
second thank you we are in the process of
fight against 2.3 viral disease
three bacterial diseases a start
a parasitic disease
but rest assured you’ll be fine
and it’s going to be okay because you
have an immune system that
works and you know the system
unitary
he looks like a lot of very things
important in life is all these
things that we realize are
just essential to us even when
they are gone
and you know in my field that is
that of medicine the clinic puts
everyone agree in the research
then towards some interpretations
complicated a little acrobatic a few
time but the clinic she puts all the
world okay and the demonstration of
the importance of immunity in the fact
that we can not live in the world that
is ours
it is given by diseases
genetic by the clinic
you have all heard of
baby bubbles of her babies who have
deficient immune systems
because they have a gene that is not
exactly in accordance with the genes that we
in this case is actually this
immunodeficiency forbids them to
get out of their bubble because they’re going
be vulnerable to all
microbial diseases surrounding us
so me again I have the
privilege of trying to understand at
most basic level the
mechanisms that allow us to have
a unitary system that works
so if these military cancer how
it’s okay that’s what I
will explain to you but what am I
come with these are illustrations of
slides for you to believe us for
that when I tell you it’s a
revolution it’s with the name of
revolution is very overused at
At the moment we are talking about revolution
for example when we go from small
iphone means iphone me I do not speak
not that I’m talking about a milestone in
the history of medicine even in
the history of humanity that makes one
has passed a stage and who before and there
ya after so that’s what we’re going
talk and so I’m going to show you
evidence because I’m a
scientist
so I believe the data you know
the data is stubborn anyway
so this is a cancer of the
skin called a
a melanoma and it’s a cancer
called before generalized cancer you
know actually it’s a cancer that’s
metastatic ie that the
cancer cells went
elsewhere colonize other tissues like
the the liver and you see here a
liver metastasis
as I told you most of
these pathologies and you know it they
are unfortunately too often
escape compared to treatments
which are proposed and in addition these
treatments have side effects
which are not insignificant
this is the case for this patient and you
can judge for yourself
she escaped the treatments and you
have you can see here so a
considerable expansion of the
primary tumor that also accompanies
worsening of metastases
liver
it turns out that these patients who are
in therapeutic failure
they can go into trials
clinical and clinical trials there
are tests of what I came
to share with you ie the
reprogramming the immune system
of our own defenses and military
to fight against these pathologies of
moral and the result is there
that is, you see here already
a nice decrease in metastases
hepatic and then especially a day and
this patient she remembers this
day one day he woke up and his
tumor was dead next to her
it was the tumor worry dead well
obviously and you can see so the
result here and also it goes with
a disappearance of metastases
liver
that’s a real revolution it’s
a therapeutic revolution
[Applause]
so now we will try to
understand together how it works
and the good news is very
intuitive very easy to understand
but there is also another good
new behind and I’ll keep you
for the end but you have to be
attentive so what we tried to
to do and when I say we got
collectively celebrates his 40 years
four decades of research into
purely fundamental immunology this
that we tried to know is how
to organize the immune response
so the immune response can be
we can observe it we can
dissect we try to understand it at
several scales the first
scale that of the body
so here the observation scale is
the m when we work in the
mouse models it can be the cm
to say the the 100th of m but when we
understands a little the system anatomy
immune then we can try to
to look at another scale
ie the cell leaders who
are really in action in this
immune response
if for example a tumor cell but
we discover that at cells like
lymphocytes for example but who
can possibly recognize these
tumor cells one is really at
this ladder the ladder is the
micro m is the millionth of a meter
fabulous ios4 in the job that I
do is we can also try to
understand on a bigger scale
small
ie the scale 3 log in
below the millionth of a meter is
to say the nanometer and here we are a
billionth of a meter and we
realizes that in fact the cells of the
immune system are and are
equipped with receiver receivers
as you see here one a receiver
glass activator which is a
molecule that will allow the
lymphocytes so there cells of the
immune system to interact with
outside and here in this case with
the tumor cell is a step
absolutely important in that
I’m trying to send you today
it was to realize that they
actually had two types of
activator receptor receptors
we will say these are accelerators
and then inhibitory receptors we’re going
to say that these are brakes is actually
to spin the metaphor we will say that
the opposite cell in the occurrence
to tumor cells
she will be able to act on this
accelerator on these receivers
activator the species of
molecular foot and then another
side she will also be able to act on
the brakes with another foot
molecular and so you see that the
how the lymphocyte will be able
react when he will meet a
tumor cell
it will be a function of the level
caval activation receive from
acceleration or inhibition other
point now extremely important
in the demonstration but I find
that the unitary system it is not
simply good at eliminating
viral microbial pathologies
bacterial parasitic and also
very good and mines and cells
tumor
he has been selected since
nearly 500 million years to fight
against all a defense system
multicards defends us in this
moment even against beginnings of
tumors rest assured you’re okay
pass
ok but so if the immune system
is so powerful it is known as
low cancers and that’s what was
very important is to notice
that when there is a tumor cell
when there is a tumor environment
there are many more signals
inhibitor that are given that are
transmitted to the unitary system of
Generally, it’s as if the
y tumor cell she pressed more
on the brake that on the accelerator and
so we have a system in which the
seminar is there but in fact it is
asleep a little like the beautiful wood
dormant
so sleeping beauty so much
that she is not awake and not being served
a lot so we will stop
the example at this point
other element of the demonstration that
is very important now that we
know all this now that we have so
dissected immune system yet
once purely
fundamental can we have
the ambition to transform its results
fundamentals in therapeutic approach
is what we can do what is called
translational research
Can we translate these
fundamental results in therapy and
well again it’s very
intuitive
the answer was fine of course
yes and how could we do it
could do by trying to cut the
brakes to let go of the brakes and that one
can do that because we have the chance
to have antibodies the antibodies
again we all have is
past ancient gold there which I speak
it turns out that and I have no time to
tell you the story comes from people
die in life is that antibodies
that we all have in our body in fact we
know how to make them outside we know
do them in factories to make
antibody it is a process that is
totally mastered at the level
industrial
we can do kilograms
of antibodies and that’s great
the beauty in fact of the antibody she
lies in the fact that this molecule
it is extremely specific to this
as it recognizes that
the antibody he’ll be able to target a
molecule and not another
for example so we will be able to generate
antibodies
from the industrial point of view yet a
times at the industrial level that go
recognize either the receivers
activator be the receivers
inhibitor obviously what we will do
in our case in the case of cancer
we will want to wake up the beautiful
sleeping wood we’re going to want to let go
the brakes
we will therefore make an antibody of such
way they can block
inhibitory receptors and so
woke up the immune system
asleep and well the result
you saw it is the result
clinic that I showed you it’s at
to say that today we arrived by
a purely fundamental research that
was never guided by desire
to cure cancer that has just been
guided by the curiosity that makes
the man is man and he wants to
understand the world
in which he lives and we biologists
we try to understand the world live
rather than the rest of the universe and
well thanks to his research
fundamental
we could highlight the whole
its processes happened this
knowledge to the generation of
new drugs
so these drugs again
they exist they are already in
clinics available for some
of them and the others are being tested
clinic and we are witnessing a
Revolution I have said but
is this word has already been used in
previous presentations we have
really is witnessing a break in
paradigm ie it’s a
moment in the history of humanity
which is an irreversible moment in
which a field there that of the
oncology and was deflected there
obviously remains the treatments
some of whom work very well who
consists of chemotherapy
radiotherapy and surgery too but
there is another field that has appeared and
So the whole field those lives
now to what is called local
immunology it’s downright
new science that has emerged and
all these discoveries
in fact they have the point of view
clinic not even 10 years of seniority
and what is absolutely amazing
is that all of these discoveries
is a pure product of research
fundamental and that was my other
good news
the other good news so it’s from
say that basic research and
just fundamental it is she who is the
source of revolutions today
that they can take care of these
treatments and that’s what I wanted
share with you and I hope you
are also fascinated by the living too
amazed by the discoveries of the
research and management of
cancers thank you very much for your
reply
[Applause]
”
Be First to Comment