good afternoon and thank you for a very generous introduction actually let me
generous introduction actually let me
generous introduction actually let me start by thanking the selection
start by thanking the selection
start by thanking the selection committee for allowing me to be here
committee for allowing me to be here
committee for allowing me to be here today to tell you about some of the
today to tell you about some of the
today to tell you about some of the research activities taking place at our
research activities taking place at our
research activities taking place at our lab at Northwestern University but
lab at Northwestern University but
lab at Northwestern University but before I tell you about what I got to be
before I tell you about what I got to be
before I tell you about what I got to be talking about today those are the people
talking about today those are the people
talking about today those are the people who actually do the work as you could
who actually do the work as you could
who actually do the work as you could see from this picture diversity is
see from this picture diversity is
see from this picture diversity is really the hallmark of our team and I’m
really the hallmark of our team and I’m
really the hallmark of our team and I’m so proud to be among those colleagues
so proud to be among those colleagues
so proud to be among those colleagues thank few colleagues who helped in the
thank few colleagues who helped in the
thank few colleagues who helped in the process to get here and more importantly
process to get here and more importantly
process to get here and more importantly thank my wife and my two children for
thank my wife and my two children for
thank my wife and my two children for being tremendous support in the last few
being tremendous support in the last few
being tremendous support in the last few years so today I will be telling you
years so today I will be telling you
years so today I will be telling you about harmful and toxic chemicals and
about harmful and toxic chemicals and
about harmful and toxic chemicals and these things are not new they’ve been
these things are not new they’ve been
these things are not new they’ve been used since World War one as you could
used since World War one as you could
used since World War one as you could see from these pictures protective gear
see from these pictures protective gear
see from these pictures protective gear have been designed and used by soldiers
have been designed and used by soldiers
have been designed and used by soldiers and even civilians to protect themselves
and even civilians to protect themselves
and even civilians to protect themselves and their animals in the last hundred
and their animals in the last hundred
and their animals in the last hundred years so you might be asking yourself
years so you might be asking yourself
years so you might be asking yourself why is he standing here telling us about
why is he standing here telling us about
why is he standing here telling us about what happened a hundred years ago
what happened a hundred years ago
what happened a hundred years ago what’s all this have to do with what’s
what’s all this have to do with what’s
what’s all this have to do with what’s happening right now if you watch a show
happening right now if you watch a show
happening right now if you watch a show called homeland last season a CIA agent
called homeland last season a CIA agent
called homeland last season a CIA agent was able to stop a nerve agent attack
was able to stop a nerve agent attack
was able to stop a nerve agent attack that was going to take place in a subway
that was going to take place in a subway
that was going to take place in a subway in Berlin Germany and again you have the
in Berlin Germany and again you have the
in Berlin Germany and again you have the right to ask the same question again
right to ask the same question again
right to ask the same question again first he’s telling us about what
first he’s telling us about what
first he’s telling us about what happened a hundred years ago then he’s
happened a hundred years ago then he’s
happened a hundred years ago then he’s telling us about a fictional show what
telling us about a fictional show what
telling us about a fictional show what all this have to do with the reality if
all this have to do with the reality if
all this have to do with the reality if you do a simple google search you will
you do a simple google search you will
you do a simple google search you will find out that this harmful materials
find out that this harmful materials
find out that this harmful materials have been used several times in the past
have been used several times in the past
have been used several times in the past two years last of which two weeks ago
two years last of which two weeks ago
two years last of which two weeks ago against civilians in Syria so in
against civilians in Syria so in
against civilians in Syria so in might not be fictional anymore this is
might not be fictional anymore this is
might not be fictional anymore this is some people’s reality so again it’s not
some people’s reality so again it’s not
some people’s reality so again it’s not just using small quantities warehouses
just using small quantities warehouses
just using small quantities warehouses are found full of these harmful
are found full of these harmful
are found full of these harmful chemicals as well so why are these
chemicals as well so why are these
chemicals as well so why are these materials so toxic
materials so toxic
materials so toxic we all have an enzyme called
we all have an enzyme called
we all have an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase among its functions
acetylcholinesterase among its functions
acetylcholinesterase among its functions it allows us to control our muscles our
it allows us to control our muscles our
it allows us to control our muscles our breathing however when an agent goes and
breathing however when an agent goes and
breathing however when an agent goes and attacks that particular enzyme it stops
attacks that particular enzyme it stops
attacks that particular enzyme it stops it from doing its function at that point
it from doing its function at that point
it from doing its function at that point we have no control over our muscles no
we have no control over our muscles no
we have no control over our muscles no control over our breathing and that
control over our breathing and that
control over our breathing and that leads to death so the question is what’s
leads to death so the question is what’s
leads to death so the question is what’s the current technology right now the
the current technology right now the
the current technology right now the current technology right now is based
current technology right now is based
current technology right now is based what we call activated carbons or
what we call activated carbons or
what we call activated carbons or charcoals most of us we actually have in
charcoals most of us we actually have in
charcoals most of us we actually have in our sinks or refrigerator filtering our
our sinks or refrigerator filtering our
our sinks or refrigerator filtering our water plus some other chemicals that
water plus some other chemicals that
water plus some other chemicals that means we could do better and that’s what
means we could do better and that’s what
means we could do better and that’s what we do here at Northwestern trying to
we do here at Northwestern trying to
we do here at Northwestern trying to make the next-generation technology to
make the next-generation technology to
make the next-generation technology to do better so here today I will be
do better so here today I will be
do better so here today I will be telling you about some technology that
telling you about some technology that
telling you about some technology that it has the potential not only deactivate
it has the potential not only deactivate
it has the potential not only deactivate and get rid of stockpiles that we are
and get rid of stockpiles that we are
and get rid of stockpiles that we are finding in warehouses it has the
finding in warehouses it has the
finding in warehouses it has the potential to be put in those masks for
potential to be put in those masks for
potential to be put in those masks for our soldiers who are trying to protect
our soldiers who are trying to protect
our soldiers who are trying to protect our Liberty to be put on the suit that
our Liberty to be put on the suit that
our Liberty to be put on the suit that our soldiers wear all the way to have
our soldiers wear all the way to have
our soldiers wear all the way to have the potential to be used as an antidote
the potential to be used as an antidote
the potential to be used as an antidote before even an attack can take place
before even an attack can take place
before even an attack can take place when I talk today about designer
when I talk today about designer
when I talk today about designer materials for a human protection I’m not
materials for a human protection I’m not
materials for a human protection I’m not really talking about this type I am
really talking about this type I am
really talking about this type I am really talking about what those guys
really talking about what those guys
really talking about what those guys wear when they go into the harmful
wear when they go into the harmful
wear when they go into the harmful places so what are these materials that
places so what are these materials that
places so what are these materials that we are making here at Northwestern
we are making here at Northwestern
we are making here at Northwestern University just a block away from here
University just a block away from here
University just a block away from here in the building called International
in the building called International
in the building called International Institute of nanotechnology
Institute of nanotechnology
Institute of nanotechnology but before I tell you about these
but before I tell you about these
but before I tell you about these materials let me tell you some
materials let me tell you some
materials let me tell you some requirements for a material to be to go
requirements for a material to be to go
requirements for a material to be to go into a technology we have to make it
into a technology we have to make it
into a technology we have to make it simple but at the same time has to do
simple but at the same time has to do
simple but at the same time has to do this sophisticated task being able to
this sophisticated task being able to
this sophisticated task being able to stop and degrade nerve agents that’s not
stop and degrade nerve agents that’s not
stop and degrade nerve agents that’s not a simple task however the material
a simple task however the material
a simple task however the material itself has to be built from simple
itself has to be built from simple
itself has to be built from simple components to be able to scale up into a
components to be able to scale up into a
components to be able to scale up into a real technology so the model and our
real technology so the model and our
real technology so the model and our team and our group always keep it simple
team and our group always keep it simple
team and our group always keep it simple the idea is how can we use simple
the idea is how can we use simple
the idea is how can we use simple building blocks to make sophisticated
building blocks to make sophisticated
building blocks to make sophisticated material to be able to stop nerve agents
material to be able to stop nerve agents
material to be able to stop nerve agents from killing us and at the same time to
from killing us and at the same time to
from killing us and at the same time to be able to scale it up and utilize it in
be able to scale it up and utilize it in
be able to scale it up and utilize it in the field so we all have either either
the field so we all have either either
the field so we all have either either plate or we know somebody who plate or
plate or we know somebody who plate or
plate or we know somebody who plate or we all know Tinkertoys the cousins of
we all know Tinkertoys the cousins of
we all know Tinkertoys the cousins of Legos we buy them very simple components
Legos we buy them very simple components
Legos we buy them very simple components and in no time the 50 year olds the six
and in no time the 50 year olds the six
and in no time the 50 year olds the six year olds they build some complex
year olds they build some complex
year olds they build some complex structures the question is why can’t we
structures the question is why can’t we
structures the question is why can’t we implement this simple concept into
implement this simple concept into
implement this simple concept into chemistry but now to build small tiny
chemistry but now to build small tiny
chemistry but now to build small tiny molecules let’s call them nano tinker
molecules let’s call them nano tinker
molecules let’s call them nano tinker toys but the way we want to do it we
toys but the way we want to do it we
toys but the way we want to do it we don’t want to do it one piece at a time
don’t want to do it one piece at a time
don’t want to do it one piece at a time we don’t want to just take those pieces
we don’t want to just take those pieces
we don’t want to just take those pieces and assemble it one piece at a time we
and assemble it one piece at a time we
and assemble it one piece at a time we want to be able to take all the
want to be able to take all the
want to be able to take all the ingredients the metals the organic
ingredients the metals the organic
ingredients the metals the organic molecules our solvent and make a soup
molecules our solvent and make a soup
molecules our solvent and make a soup out of it but everything together and
out of it but everything together and
out of it but everything together and allow it to be to come together in a way
allow it to be to come together in a way
allow it to be to come together in a way to make sophisticated intricate
to make sophisticated intricate
to make sophisticated intricate beautiful molecules but in a
beautiful molecules but in a
beautiful molecules but in a programmable way so we’re not just going
programmable way so we’re not just going
programmable way so we’re not just going to rely on what God geta give us we want
to rely on what God geta give us we want
to rely on what God geta give us we want to be able to predict what we get a get
to be able to predict what we get a get
to be able to predict what we get a get before we mix those components in that
before we mix those components in that
before we mix those components in that soup and when they come they are
soup and when they come they are
soup and when they come they are beautiful structures as you could see
beautiful structures as you could see
beautiful structures as you could see diff
diff
diff current shapes here I’m showing in gray
current shapes here I’m showing in gray
current shapes here I’m showing in gray but there are different colors as well
but there are different colors as well
but there are different colors as well so those molecules come very beautiful
so those molecules come very beautiful
so those molecules come very beautiful and very shiny but that’s not where the
and very shiny but that’s not where the
and very shiny but that’s not where the action take place where the action take
action take place where the action take
action take place where the action take place is really down in the Nano regime
place is really down in the Nano regime
place is really down in the Nano regime the regime that we cannot even see with
the regime that we cannot even see with
the regime that we cannot even see with our naked eyes but let’s take this
our naked eyes but let’s take this
our naked eyes but let’s take this crystal and let’s dive in into this
crystal and let’s dive in into this
crystal and let’s dive in into this inside this crystal to there little tiny
inside this crystal to there little tiny
inside this crystal to there little tiny nano molecule that’s the molecule that
nano molecule that’s the molecule that
nano molecule that’s the molecule that we will be talking about for the rest of
we will be talking about for the rest of
we will be talking about for the rest of this talk so those materials have a
this talk so those materials have a
this talk so those materials have a technical term
technical term
technical term it’s called metal organic frameworks
it’s called metal organic frameworks
it’s called metal organic frameworks because they are built on metals we have
because they are built on metals we have
because they are built on metals we have a whole periodic table to choose from
a whole periodic table to choose from
a whole periodic table to choose from they are built on the organic 200 years
they are built on the organic 200 years
they are built on the organic 200 years 300 years of chemistry so here the
300 years of chemistry so here the
300 years of chemistry so here the question is which one should we make
question is which one should we make
question is which one should we make because we have too many choices to
because we have too many choices to
because we have too many choices to build from so the idea here let me talk
build from so the idea here let me talk
build from so the idea here let me talk about one of those molecules that we
about one of those molecules that we
about one of those molecules that we made here at Northwestern University we
made here at Northwestern University we
made here at Northwestern University we call nu 100 and new stands for
call nu 100 and new stands for
call nu 100 and new stands for Northwestern University
Northwestern University
Northwestern University this material one gram of it if you are
this material one gram of it if you are
this material one gram of it if you are able to unfold all these components and
able to unfold all these components and
able to unfold all these components and lay them on the ground it will cover the
lay them on the ground it will cover the
lay them on the ground it will cover the whole football field or a soccer field
whole football field or a soccer field
whole football field or a soccer field with one gram just let me tell you what
with one gram just let me tell you what
with one gram just let me tell you what at one gram means it’s less than one
at one gram means it’s less than one
at one gram means it’s less than one package of sugar that’s how much surface
package of sugar that’s how much surface
package of sugar that’s how much surface area we have in such a small volume so
area we have in such a small volume so
area we have in such a small volume so the question is you might be asking and
the question is you might be asking and
the question is you might be asking and who cares let me use the air molecules
who cares let me use the air molecules
who cares let me use the air molecules that you are breathing right now as an
that you are breathing right now as an
that you are breathing right now as an example there is more air molecules in
example there is more air molecules in
example there is more air molecules in your hands on your skin on your face
your hands on your skin on your face
your hands on your skin on your face than in front of you that means the more
than in front of you that means the more
than in front of you that means the more surfaces we have the more gases we
surfaces we have the more gases we
surfaces we have the more gases we interact the more harmful molecules we
interact the more harmful molecules we
interact the more harmful molecules we could capture in a small tiny volume and
could capture in a small tiny volume and
could capture in a small tiny volume and that’s the trick here so the idea is I
that’s the trick here so the idea is I
that’s the trick here so the idea is I am passing those models around for you
am passing those models around for you
am passing those models around for you to see if you look inside that vial one
to see if you look inside that vial one
to see if you look inside that vial one of those tiny crystallites it has there
of those tiny crystallites it has there
of those tiny crystallites it has there many units 1 1 1 and 18 zeroes in front
many units 1 1 1 and 18 zeroes in front
many units 1 1 1 and 18 zeroes in front of it in one little crystallites but to
of it in one little crystallites but to
of it in one little crystallites but to put it in perspective that model is 10
put it in perspective that model is 10
put it in perspective that model is 10 million times larger than reality and
million times larger than reality and
million times larger than reality and that’s why we are able to put 10 to the
that’s why we are able to put 10 to the
that’s why we are able to put 10 to the 18th units in one tiny crystal that you
18th units in one tiny crystal that you
18th units in one tiny crystal that you cannot see those units with your naked
cannot see those units with your naked
cannot see those units with your naked eye so because we could make those
eye so because we could make those
eye so because we could make those materials with such a high surface area
materials with such a high surface area
materials with such a high surface area we could make them programmable
we could make them programmable
we could make them programmable on-demand they are great to capture and
on-demand they are great to capture and
on-demand they are great to capture and destroy those nasty chemicals to replace
destroy those nasty chemicals to replace
destroy those nasty chemicals to replace activated carbons to make the
activated carbons to make the
activated carbons to make the next-generation sorbent so but let’s
next-generation sorbent so but let’s
next-generation sorbent so but let’s compare moths to something we really all
compare moths to something we really all
compare moths to something we really all use and understand that that sponge if
use and understand that that sponge if
use and understand that that sponge if we have a spill you take a sponge and
we have a spill you take a sponge and
we have a spill you take a sponge and you wipe the water and it captures all
you wipe the water and it captures all
you wipe the water and it captures all the water the idea here how can we make
the water the idea here how can we make
the water the idea here how can we make a synthesis to make human-made sponges
a synthesis to make human-made sponges
a synthesis to make human-made sponges to be able to capture
to be able to capture
to be able to capture those nasty harmful chemicals let me
those nasty harmful chemicals let me
those nasty harmful chemicals let me show you this is one of the agents it’s
show you this is one of the agents it’s
show you this is one of the agents it’s really been used in several times in the
really been used in several times in the
really been used in several times in the last couple years in order to deactivate
last couple years in order to deactivate
last couple years in order to deactivate it it’s a really simple transformation
it it’s a really simple transformation
it it’s a really simple transformation taking molecule on the left to the
taking molecule on the left to the
taking molecule on the left to the molecule on the right it looks simple
molecule on the right it looks simple
molecule on the right it looks simple but it’s very complex to do because we
but it’s very complex to do because we
but it’s very complex to do because we have to do it very quick otherwise it’s
have to do it very quick otherwise it’s
have to do it very quick otherwise it’s too late so we wanted to learn from
too late so we wanted to learn from
too late so we wanted to learn from biology from nature is there anything
biology from nature is there anything
biology from nature is there anything out there that could do this
out there that could do this
out there that could do this transformation and do it well there is a
transformation and do it well there is a
transformation and do it well there is a bacteria that lives in farming land it
bacteria that lives in farming land it
bacteria that lives in farming land it has an enzyme called phosphodiesterase
has an enzyme called phosphodiesterase
has an enzyme called phosphodiesterase this bacteria uses this enzyme to be
this bacteria uses this enzyme to be
this bacteria uses this enzyme to be able to live in the farming land why
able to live in the farming land why
able to live in the farming land why because we use pesticides and
because we use pesticides and
because we use pesticides and insecticides in the farming land and
insecticides in the farming land and
insecticides in the farming land and pesticides and insecticides are nothing
pesticides and insecticides are nothing
pesticides and insecticides are nothing but nerve agents for pests and insects
but nerve agents for pests and insects
but nerve agents for pests and insects so wanted to learn how this enzyme does
so wanted to learn how this enzyme does
so wanted to learn how this enzyme does it for that bacteria to live and if you
it for that bacteria to live and if you
it for that bacteria to live and if you zoom in into where the actions I take
zoom in into where the actions I take
zoom in into where the actions I take place it’s a very simple couple metals
place it’s a very simple couple metals
place it’s a very simple couple metals so what do we want it to do is how can
so what do we want it to do is how can
so what do we want it to do is how can we learn from this enzyme and take it
we learn from this enzyme and take it
we learn from this enzyme and take it into a man-made or a human-made
into a man-made or a human-made
into a man-made or a human-made synthesized molecule because this enzyme
synthesized molecule because this enzyme
synthesized molecule because this enzyme as great as it is you take it out of its
as great as it is you take it out of its
as great as it is you take it out of its cozy environment and it dies very
cozy environment and it dies very
cozy environment and it dies very quickly if we try to use this materials
quickly if we try to use this materials
quickly if we try to use this materials in desert this enzyme dies very quickly
in desert this enzyme dies very quickly
in desert this enzyme dies very quickly so we want to learn and be inspired from
so we want to learn and be inspired from
so we want to learn and be inspired from this enzyme but take it into a material
this enzyme but take it into a material
this enzyme but take it into a material that is stable and fast selective at the
that is stable and fast selective at the
that is stable and fast selective at the same time what do I mean by that let me
same time what do I mean by that let me
same time what do I mean by that let me introduce you to another molecule it’s
introduce you to another molecule it’s
introduce you to another molecule it’s called VX we all heard of VX in the last
called VX we all heard of VX in the last
called VX we all heard of VX in the last six weeks this is the molecule that was
six weeks this is the molecule that was
six weeks this is the molecule that was used to assassinate the stepbrother of
used to assassinate the stepbrother of
used to assassinate the stepbrother of the dictator North Korean dictator this
the dictator North Korean dictator this
the dictator North Korean dictator this molecule to deactivate it we have to cut
molecule to deactivate it we have to cut
molecule to deactivate it we have to cut it in pieces however if you cut in the
it in pieces however if you cut in the
it in pieces however if you cut in the wrong place you will make another
wrong place you will make another
wrong place you will make another molecule is just as toxic
molecule is just as toxic
molecule is just as toxic as VX itself that means knowing where
as VX itself that means knowing where
as VX itself that means knowing where you cut is just as important as how fast
you cut is just as important as how fast
you cut is just as important as how fast you cut it so that’s the trick here let
you cut it so that’s the trick here let
you cut it so that’s the trick here let me show you one of the molecules one of
me show you one of the molecules one of
me show you one of the molecules one of the sponges that we actually discovered
the sponges that we actually discovered
the sponges that we actually discovered in our lab at Northwestern University
in our lab at Northwestern University
in our lab at Northwestern University it’s called onion 1000 you see those
it’s called onion 1000 you see those
it’s called onion 1000 you see those nice beautiful channels that sarin going
nice beautiful channels that sarin going
nice beautiful channels that sarin going there interacting with those metals that
there interacting with those metals that
there interacting with those metals that we build them from inspiration from that
we build them from inspiration from that
we build them from inspiration from that enzyme and we put them in a material
enzyme and we put them in a material
enzyme and we put them in a material very stable and very rugged and you
very stable and very rugged and you
very stable and very rugged and you could see it taking chopping that
could see it taking chopping that
could see it taking chopping that harmful chemical in pieces let me show
harmful chemical in pieces let me show
harmful chemical in pieces let me show you some data but this data not with an
you some data but this data not with an
you some data but this data not with an actual agent this data is with a
actual agent this data is with a
actual agent this data is with a simulant or a surrogate because here at
simulant or a surrogate because here at
simulant or a surrogate because here at Northwestern University we’re not going
Northwestern University we’re not going
Northwestern University we’re not going to be able testing nerve agents in our
to be able testing nerve agents in our
to be able testing nerve agents in our labs so we use something very similar to
labs so we use something very similar to
labs so we use something very similar to that to do the testings you could see
that to do the testings you could see
that to do the testings you could see generation 1 it’s okay it’s not great it
generation 1 it’s okay it’s not great it
generation 1 it’s okay it’s not great it took 60 minutes you have the time there
took 60 minutes you have the time there
took 60 minutes you have the time there and how much we destroyed to destroy 80%
and how much we destroyed to destroy 80%
and how much we destroyed to destroy 80% of the harmful chemical around we learn
of the harmful chemical around we learn
of the harmful chemical around we learn from that we made generation to
from that we made generation to
from that we made generation to generation 2 took only 30 minutes to
generation 2 took only 30 minutes to
generation 2 took only 30 minutes to completely destroy the whole sample
completely destroy the whole sample
completely destroy the whole sample generation 3 which we made last year it
generation 3 which we made last year it
generation 3 which we made last year it took less than a minute to destroy the
took less than a minute to destroy the
took less than a minute to destroy the whole sample this is really impressive
whole sample this is really impressive
whole sample this is really impressive but the question is does it work against
but the question is does it work against
but the question is does it work against the actual agent with cooperation with
the actual agent with cooperation with
the actual agent with cooperation with the army labs we send our what we call
the army labs we send our what we call
the army labs we send our what we call them bio-inspired sponges we send it to
them bio-inspired sponges we send it to
them bio-inspired sponges we send it to them they test them against those nasty
them they test them against those nasty
them they test them against those nasty chemicals the harmful VX the harmful GD
chemicals the harmful VX the harmful GD
chemicals the harmful VX the harmful GD under the conditions we tested our
under the conditions we tested our
under the conditions we tested our simulants and what they find that those
simulants and what they find that those
simulants and what they find that those materials work exactly the way we
materials work exactly the way we
materials work exactly the way we envision them to work this is exciting
envision them to work this is exciting
envision them to work this is exciting that we could now design materials to go
that we could now design materials to go
that we could now design materials to go beyond what’s this what’s used currently
beyond what’s this what’s used currently
beyond what’s this what’s used currently so going forward you could see we have
so going forward you could see we have
so going forward you could see we have many many molecules to choose from many
many many molecules to choose from many
many many molecules to choose from many metals to choose from the question
metals to choose from the question
metals to choose from the question becomes which one to choose
becomes which one to choose
becomes which one to choose and that’s why we want to be able to use
and that’s why we want to be able to use
and that’s why we want to be able to use the chemists intuition with
the chemists intuition with
the chemists intuition with supercomputing and software to be able
supercomputing and software to be able
supercomputing and software to be able to predict which components we should
to predict which components we should
to predict which components we should put in that sponge before we even go to
put in that sponge before we even go to
put in that sponge before we even go to the lab and make it so that’s the future
the lab and make it so that’s the future
the lab and make it so that’s the future but none of that could be useful if we
but none of that could be useful if we
but none of that could be useful if we all could make is that vial that is
all could make is that vial that is
all could make is that vial that is going around few milligrams
going around few milligrams
going around few milligrams if we cannot scale up this technology we
if we cannot scale up this technology we
if we cannot scale up this technology we should stop right now a startup company
should stop right now a startup company
should stop right now a startup company called new math technologies in Skokie
called new math technologies in Skokie
called new math technologies in Skokie was able to show that this technology is
was able to show that this technology is
was able to show that this technology is scaleable so again that’s great news
scaleable so again that’s great news
scaleable so again that’s great news so here what I hope to show you and
so here what I hope to show you and
so here what I hope to show you and share with you some of the things some
share with you some of the things some
share with you some of the things some of the research activities that taking
of the research activities that taking
of the research activities that taking place just few buildings from here at
place just few buildings from here at
place just few buildings from here at Northwestern University we are inspired
Northwestern University we are inspired
Northwestern University we are inspired and we take our clues from nature but at
and we take our clues from nature but at
and we take our clues from nature but at the end of the day we are making more
the end of the day we are making more
the end of the day we are making more stable programmable materials that we
stable programmable materials that we
stable programmable materials that we want to go beyond what nature can thank
want to go beyond what nature can thank
want to go beyond what nature can thank you
you
you [Applause]
”
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