biology technology future these are the three words that buzz around in current
three words that buzz around in current
three words that buzz around in current days because biology has long moved on
days because biology has long moved on
days because biology has long moved on from a simply observing and describing
from a simply observing and describing
from a simply observing and describing science to an engineering one
science to an engineering one
science to an engineering one researchers are pushing towards
researchers are pushing towards
researchers are pushing towards so-called intelligent materials towards
so-called intelligent materials towards
so-called intelligent materials towards growing materials biofabrication
growing materials biofabrication
growing materials biofabrication very tempting thoughts from my point of
very tempting thoughts from my point of
very tempting thoughts from my point of view as a designer but what does it
view as a designer but what does it
view as a designer but what does it actually mean to design nature
actually mean to design nature
actually mean to design nature especially when you think of methods
especially when you think of methods
especially when you think of methods that have recently been developed that
that have recently been developed that
that have recently been developed that allowed to change DNA in such a way that
allowed to change DNA in such a way that
allowed to change DNA in such a way that it is possible or that it is not
it is possible or that it is not
it is possible or that it is not distinguishable anymore from natural
distinguishable anymore from natural
distinguishable anymore from natural mutation genetic manipulation has not
mutation genetic manipulation has not
mutation genetic manipulation has not just become very simple it has also
just become very simple it has also
just become very simple it has also become very cheap so it’s not a question
become very cheap so it’s not a question
become very cheap so it’s not a question anymore if we want to stop biotechnology
anymore if we want to stop biotechnology
anymore if we want to stop biotechnology it is happening it is more question
it is happening it is more question
it is happening it is more question where does it lead to
where does it lead to
where does it lead to and actually I prefer the question where
and actually I prefer the question where
and actually I prefer the question where do we want it to lead to this this very
do we want it to lead to this this very
do we want it to lead to this this very fundamental question I believe urges to
fundamental question I believe urges to
fundamental question I believe urges to be discussed not just by experts but in
be discussed not just by experts but in
be discussed not just by experts but in multidisciplinary settings and by the
multidisciplinary settings and by the
multidisciplinary settings and by the public by you and me in order to find a
public by you and me in order to find a
public by you and me in order to find a way or to give our evolution a way out
way or to give our evolution a way out
way or to give our evolution a way out of this very very chaotic and also
of this very very chaotic and also
of this very very chaotic and also unforeseen situation where and now I
unforeseen situation where and now I
unforeseen situation where and now I believe design could and maybe also
believe design could and maybe also
believe design could and maybe also should play an important role here by
should play an important role here by
should play an important role here by collaborating with natural science
collaborating with natural science
collaborating with natural science researchers doing cutting-edge research
researchers doing cutting-edge research
researchers doing cutting-edge research design actually offers the possibility
design actually offers the possibility
design actually offers the possibility to create and explore all kinds of
to create and explore all kinds of
to create and explore all kinds of possibilities and not just go in one
possibilities and not just go in one
possibilities and not just go in one direction from the very start but to try
direction from the very start but to try
direction from the very start but to try them all and really create manifold
them all and really create manifold
them all and really create manifold artifacts and scenarios which I believe
artifacts and scenarios which I believe
artifacts and scenarios which I believe are crucial for constructive discussion
are crucial for constructive discussion
are crucial for constructive discussion on how we want to live tomorrow well but
on how we want to live tomorrow well but
on how we want to live tomorrow well but where to start
where to start
where to start let me introduce you to a very
let me introduce you to a very
let me introduce you to a very particular bacterium
particular bacterium
particular bacterium even though bacteria might not sound too
even though bacteria might not sound too
even though bacteria might not sound too promising to you they’re not all as bad
promising to you they’re not all as bad
promising to you they’re not all as bad as one might think this one is actually
as one might think this one is actually
as one might think this one is actually quite a good one
quite a good one
quite a good one it’s called bacillus pistoia and it
it’s called bacillus pistoia and it
it’s called bacillus pistoia and it lives all around you in your direct
lives all around you in your direct
lives all around you in your direct surrounding in soil as you can see on
surrounding in soil as you can see on
surrounding in soil as you can see on this image it only measures a thousandth
this image it only measures a thousandth
this image it only measures a thousandth of a millimeter but despite its very
of a millimeter but despite its very
of a millimeter but despite its very small size these bacteria live and work
small size these bacteria live and work
small size these bacteria live and work in colonies and are they were able to
in colonies and are they were able to
in colonies and are they were able to produce materials far bigger than their
produce materials far bigger than their
produce materials far bigger than their own size
own size
own size here you see bacteria bacterium sitting
here you see bacteria bacterium sitting
here you see bacteria bacterium sitting on his fear of calcium carbonate that it
on his fear of calcium carbonate that it
on his fear of calcium carbonate that it produced itself or with his buddies
produced itself or with his buddies
produced itself or with his buddies Hudson carbonate a mineral or to be more
Hudson carbonate a mineral or to be more
Hudson carbonate a mineral or to be more precisely a bio mineral because it was
precisely a bio mineral because it was
precisely a bio mineral because it was produced by an organism in this case
produced by an organism in this case
produced by an organism in this case just like our bones and our teeth which
just like our bones and our teeth which
just like our bones and our teeth which are produced by ourselves
are produced by ourselves
are produced by ourselves more or less the same size as these
more or less the same size as these
more or less the same size as these bacteria the interesting thing about bio
bacteria the interesting thing about bio
bacteria the interesting thing about bio minerals is is that they’ve been
minerals is is that they’ve been
minerals is is that they’ve been produced at room temperature whereas
produced at room temperature whereas
produced at room temperature whereas industry of needs hundreds or even a
industry of needs hundreds or even a
industry of needs hundreds or even a thousand degrees Celsius to do to do so
thousand degrees Celsius to do to do so
thousand degrees Celsius to do to do so so the question is can we harness this
so the question is can we harness this
so the question is can we harness this potential can we make use of it for
potential can we make use of it for
potential can we make use of it for industrial applications and what would
industrial applications and what would
industrial applications and what would that mean for them what would it mean
that mean for them what would it mean
that mean for them what would it mean for us for everyday life in order to
for us for everyday life in order to
for us for everyday life in order to find out we teamed up with Philebus
find out we teamed up with Philebus
find out we teamed up with Philebus Natalia’s research lab from the martin
Natalia’s research lab from the martin
Natalia’s research lab from the martin luther University here in Halle and
luther University here in Halle and
luther University here in Halle and together we created various in a wide
together we created various in a wide
together we created various in a wide range of scenarios what would that mean
range of scenarios what would that mean
range of scenarios what would that mean and today I’m going to show you a few of
and today I’m going to show you a few of
and today I’m going to show you a few of them hoping they will raise discussion
them hoping they will raise discussion
them hoping they will raise discussion the first scenario deals with a question
the first scenario deals with a question
the first scenario deals with a question what if these bacteria that I just
what if these bacteria that I just
what if these bacteria that I just introduced you to could turn chaff crop
introduced you to could turn chaff crop
introduced you to could turn chaff crop waste into cement but first of all what
waste into cement but first of all what
waste into cement but first of all what is cement and why are we
thinking about making cement using
thinking about making cement using biology cement alone is calcium oxide
biology cement alone is calcium oxide
biology cement alone is calcium oxide and silica that hardens when mixed with
and silica that hardens when mixed with
and silica that hardens when mixed with water
water
water the problem though are lies in his
the problem though are lies in his
the problem though are lies in his production because the production of 1
production because the production of 1
production because the production of 1 kilogram of cement also produces one
kilogram of cement also produces one
kilogram of cement also produces one kilogram of carbon dioxide this is why
kilogram of carbon dioxide this is why
kilogram of carbon dioxide this is why 5% of the overall industrial carbon
5% of the overall industrial carbon
5% of the overall industrial carbon dioxide emissions derived from the
dioxide emissions derived from the
dioxide emissions derived from the cement industry so it’s kind of obvious
cement industry so it’s kind of obvious
cement industry so it’s kind of obvious it needs to search for alternatives to
it needs to search for alternatives to
it needs to search for alternatives to students of mine tuna buyer Chow
students of mine tuna buyer Chow
students of mine tuna buyer Chow suggests an alternative in chaff crop
suggests an alternative in chaff crop
suggests an alternative in chaff crop waste because in the one hand there’s
waste because in the one hand there’s
waste because in the one hand there’s loads of it and it’s hardly being used
loads of it and it’s hardly being used
loads of it and it’s hardly being used and on the other hand because rice husks
and on the other hand because rice husks
and on the other hand because rice husks for example contain up to 30% of their
for example contain up to 30% of their
for example contain up to 30% of their weight in silica so what if we combined
weight in silica so what if we combined
weight in silica so what if we combined our bacteria as a source of calcium with
our bacteria as a source of calcium with
our bacteria as a source of calcium with the husks as a source of silica to
the husks as a source of silica to
the husks as a source of silica to produce a kind of bio cement and this is
produce a kind of bio cement and this is
produce a kind of bio cement and this is tonyia we use unser they created a set
tonyia we use unser they created a set
tonyia we use unser they created a set up that allows people everywhere in the
up that allows people everywhere in the
up that allows people everywhere in the world where there is crop waste and this
world where there is crop waste and this
world where there is crop waste and this is kind of everywhere to first grind the
is kind of everywhere to first grind the
is kind of everywhere to first grind the crop waste grind the chaff then fill it
crop waste grind the chaff then fill it
crop waste grind the chaff then fill it into a mold a form of any desired shape
into a mold a form of any desired shape
into a mold a form of any desired shape in this case they used three different
in this case they used three different
in this case they used three different iconic bowl shapes to represent the
iconic bowl shapes to represent the
iconic bowl shapes to represent the different origins of the shaft and after
different origins of the shaft and after
different origins of the shaft and after closing the mold then one of fields in a
closing the mold then one of fields in a
closing the mold then one of fields in a liquid media and nutrient media also
liquid media and nutrient media also
liquid media and nutrient media also containing the bacteria and actually the
containing the bacteria and actually the
containing the bacteria and actually the this liquid media can be made of weigh
this liquid media can be made of weigh
this liquid media can be made of weigh the leftovers from the cheese production
the leftovers from the cheese production
the leftovers from the cheese production because whey contains just the right
because whey contains just the right
because whey contains just the right nutrients for the bacteria to live of as
nutrients for the bacteria to live of as
nutrients for the bacteria to live of as well as loads of calcium ions and then
well as loads of calcium ions and then
well as loads of calcium ions and then after that one just has to wait until
after that one just has to wait until
after that one just has to wait until the bacteria have produced the bias
the bacteria have produced the bias
the bacteria have produced the bias cement using the silica from the husks
cement using the silica from the husks
cement using the silica from the husks and thereby gluing the husks together to
and thereby gluing the husks together to
and thereby gluing the husks together to form a solid so this concept proposes
form a solid so this concept proposes
form a solid so this concept proposes of fabrication involving the people a
of fabrication involving the people a
of fabrication involving the people a bit like craft beer but with bacteria
bit like craft beer but with bacteria
bit like craft beer but with bacteria instead of yeast it also shows a
instead of yeast it also shows a
instead of yeast it also shows a completely different idea of making
completely different idea of making
completely different idea of making cement probably also leading to
cement probably also leading to
cement probably also leading to completely different products made out
completely different products made out
completely different products made out of cement but it also questions our
of cement but it also questions our
of cement but it also questions our relationship to these kind of 24/7
relationship to these kind of 24/7
relationship to these kind of 24/7 workers in our direct surrounding
workers in our direct surrounding
workers in our direct surrounding working for us especially but this is
working for us especially but this is
working for us especially but this is not all let me give you another example
not all let me give you another example
not all let me give you another example dealing with a different question the
dealing with a different question the
dealing with a different question the question what if our food is not
question what if our food is not
question what if our food is not sufficient in nutrients anymore actually
sufficient in nutrients anymore actually
sufficient in nutrients anymore actually we live in a world where 50% of our food
we live in a world where 50% of our food
we live in a world where 50% of our food is engineered in one way or the other
is engineered in one way or the other
is engineered in one way or the other either by pre-processing as I would call
either by pre-processing as I would call
either by pre-processing as I would call it involving biotechnology and gene
it involving biotechnology and gene
it involving biotechnology and gene manipulation or by post-processing
manipulation or by post-processing
manipulation or by post-processing usually using chemical methods take
usually using chemical methods take
usually using chemical methods take low-fat milk for example it indeed
low-fat milk for example it indeed
low-fat milk for example it indeed contains very little fat but the process
contains very little fat but the process
contains very little fat but the process to remove the fat also removes other
to remove the fat also removes other
to remove the fat also removes other components such as vitamins
components such as vitamins
components such as vitamins so most engineered food actually lacks
so most engineered food actually lacks
so most engineered food actually lacks nutrients which are important for our
nutrients which are important for our
nutrients which are important for our body one example of a consequence is of
body one example of a consequence is of
body one example of a consequence is of super osis annually 8.9 million
super osis annually 8.9 million
super osis annually 8.9 million fractures have been worldwide due to
fractures have been worldwide due to
fractures have been worldwide due to osteoporosis this makes one of cirrhotic
osteoporosis this makes one of cirrhotic
osteoporosis this makes one of cirrhotic fracture every three seconds the main
fracture every three seconds the main
fracture every three seconds the main reason for surprises is a lack of
reason for surprises is a lack of
reason for surprises is a lack of calcium and strontium this people try to
calcium and strontium this people try to
calcium and strontium this people try to compensate by taking pills but could
compensate by taking pills but could
compensate by taking pills but could biotechnology maybe help us to find an
biotechnology maybe help us to find an
biotechnology maybe help us to find an alternative to taking pills
alternative to taking pills
alternative to taking pills Andrea’s Wagner student of mine asked
Andrea’s Wagner student of mine asked
Andrea’s Wagner student of mine asked himself what if everyday medicine was
himself what if everyday medicine was
himself what if everyday medicine was supplied by everyday objects so he
supplied by everyday objects so he
supplied by everyday objects so he developed a concept where our bacterium
developed a concept where our bacterium
developed a concept where our bacterium are used to coat tableware with the
are used to coat tableware with the
are used to coat tableware with the layers of calcium magnesium
layers of calcium magnesium
layers of calcium magnesium and strontium the bacteria are so
and strontium the bacteria are so
and strontium the bacteria are so versatile that they’re able to coat all
versatile that they’re able to coat all
versatile that they’re able to coat all kinds of materials such as wood metal
kinds of materials such as wood metal
kinds of materials such as wood metal plastics and even glass if it’s slightly
plastics and even glass if it’s slightly
plastics and even glass if it’s slightly standard this is the finding by Philebus
standard this is the finding by Philebus
standard this is the finding by Philebus research lab that we collaborated with
research lab that we collaborated with
research lab that we collaborated with and based on this finding andreas
and based on this finding andreas
and based on this finding andreas created a kind of dishwasher if you want
created a kind of dishwasher if you want
created a kind of dishwasher if you want with an added function the bacterial
with an added function the bacterial
with an added function the bacterial coating this material coating is then
coating this material coating is then
coating this material coating is then being washed off while eating from
being washed off while eating from
being washed off while eating from acidic food and acidic liquids just in
acidic food and acidic liquids just in
acidic food and acidic liquids just in the right amount as needed so all in all
the right amount as needed so all in all
the right amount as needed so all in all I think you will agree that this concept
I think you will agree that this concept
I think you will agree that this concept is quite sound and involves beautiful
is quite sound and involves beautiful
is quite sound and involves beautiful objects and also describes a nice
objects and also describes a nice
objects and also describes a nice everyday life without having to worry
everyday life without having to worry
everyday life without having to worry about empty food that doesn’t feed us
about empty food that doesn’t feed us
about empty food that doesn’t feed us anymore but to be honest doesn’t it also
anymore but to be honest doesn’t it also
anymore but to be honest doesn’t it also leave a bitter aftertaste do we not
leave a bitter aftertaste do we not
leave a bitter aftertaste do we not rather want proper food again and how do
rather want proper food again and how do
rather want proper food again and how do we feel about functional bacteria in our
we feel about functional bacteria in our
we feel about functional bacteria in our dishwasher but remember these projects
dishwasher but remember these projects
dishwasher but remember these projects are about opening a discussion in this
are about opening a discussion in this
are about opening a discussion in this case on engineered food on the quality
case on engineered food on the quality
case on engineered food on the quality of food the quality of eating and also
of food the quality of eating and also
of food the quality of eating and also on the possibility of growing your own
on the possibility of growing your own
on the possibility of growing your own medicine at home and maybe also on to
medicine at home and maybe also on to
medicine at home and maybe also on to what extent we can rely on biotechnology
what extent we can rely on biotechnology
what extent we can rely on biotechnology and this this I believe is what the
and this this I believe is what the
and this this I believe is what the project does very well the two projects
project does very well the two projects
project does very well the two projects I’m going to show you now deal with the
I’m going to show you now deal with the
I’m going to show you now deal with the same question with a question what if we
same question with a question what if we
same question with a question what if we could grow materials if I think of
could grow materials if I think of
could grow materials if I think of bacteria that are able to coat materials
bacteria that are able to coat materials
bacteria that are able to coat materials with calcium carbonate what these
with calcium carbonate what these
with calcium carbonate what these bacteria actually can do I immediately
bacteria actually can do I immediately
bacteria actually can do I immediately think of nacre make a material that
think of nacre make a material that
think of nacre make a material that consists of many layers of calcium
consists of many layers of calcium
consists of many layers of calcium carbonate but also a material that is
carbonate but also a material that is
carbonate but also a material that is known to be 3,000 times stronger than
known to be 3,000 times stronger than
known to be 3,000 times stronger than its original component the inorganic
its original component the inorganic
its original component the inorganic component the calcium carbonate itself
component the calcium carbonate itself
component the calcium carbonate itself and this is futures
and this is futures
and this is futures particular composite structure also
particular composite structure also
particular composite structure also involving 5% of organic components but
involving 5% of organic components but
involving 5% of organic components but naica grows in shell shapes which are
naica grows in shell shapes which are
naica grows in shell shapes which are not very useful for us so the question
not very useful for us so the question
not very useful for us so the question could be what if we could grow an acre
could be what if we could grow an acre
could be what if we could grow an acre in different shapes and structures and
in different shapes and structures and
in different shapes and structures and desired shape and structures and
desired shape and structures and
desired shape and structures and structures Tom bad another student of
structures Tom bad another student of
structures Tom bad another student of mine created the vision if we could grow
mine created the vision if we could grow
mine created the vision if we could grow nacre composite layers on textiles
nacre composite layers on textiles
nacre composite layers on textiles coating each yarn with these particular
coating each yarn with these particular
coating each yarn with these particular layers of calcium carbonate and the
layers of calcium carbonate and the
layers of calcium carbonate and the organic components so that they
organic components so that they
organic components so that they eventually grow together to form a very
eventually grow together to form a very
eventually grow together to form a very solid very lightweight
solid very lightweight
solid very lightweight but very strong at the same time object
but very strong at the same time object
but very strong at the same time object as you saw here in the animation just
as you saw here in the animation just
as you saw here in the animation just now so he developed a process how this
now so he developed a process how this
now so he developed a process how this could actually work
could actually work
could actually work first he creates a textile made of
first he creates a textile made of
first he creates a textile made of fibrin a protein that silk mainly
fibrin a protein that silk mainly
fibrin a protein that silk mainly consists of but also the protein that is
consists of but also the protein that is
consists of but also the protein that is one of the two organic main components
one of the two organic main components
one of the two organic main components makers made of and this silk textile
makers made of and this silk textile
makers made of and this silk textile structure he puts into his machine as a
structure he puts into his machine as a
structure he puts into his machine as a kind of starting structure and the
kind of starting structure and the
kind of starting structure and the Machine pumps in a certain rhythm three
Machine pumps in a certain rhythm three
Machine pumps in a certain rhythm three different liquids through the textile
different liquids through the textile
different liquids through the textile the first one the liquid media with the
the first one the liquid media with the
the first one the liquid media with the nutrients and the bacteria to coat the
nutrients and the bacteria to coat the
nutrients and the bacteria to coat the textile structure with calcium carbonate
textile structure with calcium carbonate
textile structure with calcium carbonate and then layers follow of fibrin again
and then layers follow of fibrin again
and then layers follow of fibrin again and also chitin the other organic
and also chitin the other organic
and also chitin the other organic components and after many cycles the
components and after many cycles the
components and after many cycles the textile structure is actually developed
textile structure is actually developed
textile structure is actually developed and has produced a construction which is
and has produced a construction which is
and has produced a construction which is very lightweight but super strong at the
very lightweight but super strong at the
very lightweight but super strong at the same time so this machine of course
same time so this machine of course
same time so this machine of course demonstrates the possibility and to a
demonstrates the possibility and to a
demonstrates the possibility and to a certain extent even the feasibility of
certain extent even the feasibility of
certain extent even the feasibility of growing this kind of smart material but
growing this kind of smart material but
growing this kind of smart material but it also questions how easy and maybe
it also questions how easy and maybe
it also questions how easy and maybe also how difficult it is to do so
also how difficult it is to do so
also how difficult it is to do so especially without repro
especially without repro
especially without repro gramming the DNA of an organism the
gramming the DNA of an organism the
gramming the DNA of an organism the other example dealing with the same
other example dealing with the same
other example dealing with the same question doesn’t involve nacre but
question doesn’t involve nacre but
question doesn’t involve nacre but involves mycelium growing in symbiosis
involves mycelium growing in symbiosis
involves mycelium growing in symbiosis with our bacteria as we started calling
with our bacteria as we started calling
with our bacteria as we started calling them after a while this idea or rather
them after a while this idea or rather
them after a while this idea or rather this proposition by who who stole
this proposition by who who stole
this proposition by who who stole another student is that mycelium which
another student is that mycelium which
another student is that mycelium which is usually a chitin of fibrous chitin
is usually a chitin of fibrous chitin
is usually a chitin of fibrous chitin structure growing in soil could also
structure growing in soil could also
structure growing in soil could also grow an heir and then in any kind of
grow an heir and then in any kind of
grow an heir and then in any kind of structure as we wanted if on the one
structure as we wanted if on the one
structure as we wanted if on the one hand the nutrients were supplied as a
hand the nutrients were supplied as a
hand the nutrients were supplied as a fog and if on the other hand these very
fog and if on the other hand these very
fog and if on the other hand these very fine chitin fibers were being calcified
fine chitin fibers were being calcified
fine chitin fibers were being calcified while growing by the bacteria living in
while growing by the bacteria living in
while growing by the bacteria living in symbiosis with the mycelium in order to
symbiosis with the mycelium in order to
symbiosis with the mycelium in order to give it the right stability if that was
give it the right stability if that was
give it the right stability if that was possible then we could actually control
possible then we could actually control
possible then we could actually control this growth parametrically by the
this growth parametrically by the
this growth parametrically by the intensity and also the direction of the
intensity and also the direction of the
intensity and also the direction of the fog even though he actually did achieve
fog even though he actually did achieve
fog even though he actually did achieve very first proofs of symbiotically grown
very first proofs of symbiotically grown
very first proofs of symbiotically grown calcified mycelium this stool is of
calcified mycelium this stool is of
calcified mycelium this stool is of course a form model but it still shows
course a form model but it still shows
course a form model but it still shows very well what could be possible with
very well what could be possible with
very well what could be possible with the CNC controlled growth of natural
the CNC controlled growth of natural
the CNC controlled growth of natural materials it could lead to an extremely
materials it could lead to an extremely
materials it could lead to an extremely versatile production and also to
versatile production and also to
versatile production and also to products that are not just biodegradable
products that are not just biodegradable
products that are not just biodegradable but highly adaptive does that sound
but highly adaptive does that sound
but highly adaptive does that sound plausible to you starting from a very
plausible to you starting from a very
plausible to you starting from a very small bacterium that is able to produce
small bacterium that is able to produce
small bacterium that is able to produce bio minerals these were just a few
bio minerals these were just a few
bio minerals these were just a few examples of what could be possible when
examples of what could be possible when
examples of what could be possible when using them in industrial context but
using them in industrial context but
using them in industrial context but besides their scientific research impact
besides their scientific research impact
besides their scientific research impact these could and probably have they
these could and probably have they
these could and probably have they mainly demonstrate our question
mainly demonstrate our question
mainly demonstrate our question on how we want to live – wrong and more
on how we want to live – wrong and more
on how we want to live – wrong and more importantly actually they help us to
importantly actually they help us to
importantly actually they help us to form an opinion on what is not just
form an opinion on what is not just
form an opinion on what is not just possible but what is also plausible
because I think 1+1 should be three in
because I think 1+1 should be three in this case if we design nature what we
this case if we design nature what we
this case if we design nature what we actually already do
actually already do
actually already do biotechnology should be more than just
biotechnology should be more than just
biotechnology should be more than just biological and technological the three
biological and technological the three
biological and technological the three represents the human aspect the
represents the human aspect the
represents the human aspect the sustainability aspect the added value
sustainability aspect the added value
sustainability aspect the added value thank
thank
thank [Applause]
”
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