I came here to try to answer a
question seems simple but it is
is extremely complex, which is a
ask what a hacker
what is the rec i think few
issues they arouse so much fascination
today in society as the
figure is poorly understood
sometimes stigmatized the term hacker
it has already been used to refer to
things as diverse as
programmers and security specialists
in activist systems artists and
makers and entrepreneurs in general
often even more especially
recently a sense derivation
in education in the city
the hacker I’ve seen a news story once
and printing so everyone
wants to be a hacker is something that
intrigue a lot because even though
had contact with the computer quite
child and contact with what at least
here in Brazil is considered common
hacker culture in the early 1990s
intriguing because in this
1990s and early 2000s already
working professionally in the field of
security and you could not
openly have this eagerness to want to
auto-call radio
first because it was never a thing
It took a lot of good for a lot of hacker people.
synonymous with genius
so you can not expect that
no one respects if you
he calls himself a genius but also because
there was a negative action
and so I dedicated a lot
including my professional life
work on projects to try to end
with this stigma transaction because I
I always thought I could have
very bad consequences and even if
organized for example I did some
of the biggest conferences that people
in Latin America on the theme is
very focused on this idea of trying
to end this kind of stigmatization
many of you might think this
would be enough to feel me
fully qualified to take and bring
for you a definition but I do not
I feel
mainly because I think
several other people have already brought
this definition
then I will prefer in reality
tell you a story one
history that can be confused with the
personal story of many of you
people who fell in love with
technology as soon as they saw any
thing that would send a computer almost
that instantly but a
history that is very little known
even of those who work
very close to this culture
huh
What you are seeing here is a
mockup mobile tech high road club
is an iron modeling club of the issued
institute of technology of
massachussetts
this club is considered so
documentary one of the cradles thus
hacker culture knows it gives a baita
work mock-ups of this type
usually involves people like this with
quite different interests regarding
of a series of things from things
more artistic things to more
techniques and one of the subgroups called nec
energy and signaling subcommittee
basically worked developing
circuits right to control
trains them when it was in the 60s and
computers started to arrive in the
Haiti
they were instantly hooked for
this is an equipment called tx
0 it is an equipment considered medium
in 2000 and computers know
that in
computers like that were not
devices exactly spoke of
usability here today were not
exactly practical devices do not
there was virtually media of
storage you had to have clear
the code on a kind of machine
to write that I turned it into a
card and these cards
were used to supply
machinery and equipment cost
a fortune and stayed physically
locked in places reserved for
who was doing some kind of course
related to what neither course of
computation actually exists in this
season and these team
they were instantly hooked
What is the story of many people?
here it is that you have magnetism
toward computing and they
They started to want to get in anyway.
in this room and if it is an outsider they
it was not mathematics math
electrical physics that
normally had access to these
equipment they did not have and then they
began to force the bar them
They were in the room the door was
waiting for someone who was booked
to have access to equipment not
appear in order to be in contact with
ideas maybe even
imagining something very impractical
the type that is using this equipment
to control the little trains of the model
no, and few people know the term rec
is a very old term within the
haiti culture defendant that are
basically provocative pranks
on campus
that have existed for decades
there and are part of the academic culture
the long cover institution by
example the library dome with paper
at dawn and every day and in the
next day everyone get there looks
For that, you think it’s cool.
It is difficult to explain what is legal but
who also spoke once that humor
trying to stay in the mood is the same as trying
dry a frog right
You do not find anything inside and it’s over.
killing the joke in the middle of the road but
there’s that thing you look at right?
cover the aluminum foil library and
quickly you start to wonder
1 how it was done
2
that is, it has an element of primacy
technique has an element of up to
personal expression
who works with programming knows that
there are dozens of different forms of
if you solve the same problem
some of them following
operations algorithms that we call
are so unusual that for those who do not
understands that solution when you
looks simply looks magical and does not
It took time for this fertile barn to
beginning of the
computer programming is
without applying the term rec
context when someone encountered a
extremely unusual solution and
efficient for an algorithm to
solve a problem
it began to be called by rec
because it had technical primacy
because the moment you looked at the
code you dived into the
head of the person who had found
that solution is a form of
expression and why I do not know it was cool
huh
especially when you get
make the system do things that they
supposedly should not do as
You can see here.
this story of not having media of
storage led to the emergence of a
culture of celebration to this type of
ability were born the first hackers
of the people who were most prolific in
creation of these apps within the
computing and as there was no media
let’s say storage I do not know
if the rolls but it is difficult to read the
code there began to create a
culture of simply letting the
programs written in notebooks
edited in notebooks that were inside
even because you are
physically in this space will be able to have
access to the equipment and from there
people realized how good this was
for the exchange of knowledge about
be as productive as everyone could
benefit if you leave the code
there and the person could improve upon
of that code and learn from that
code and so on
this equipment and also the
artificial intelligence laboratory
of haiti where the soul is
were considered were also considered
the cradle of what we people today
knows as an open source culture
as it began to occur
including a professionalization of the
computing
in the beginning they were a mixture of some
college teachers with these
outsider struggling door in
wanting to have access by feeling owners
of that
more than the university itself
professionalization began to lead
things like copyright
protect code code should be
freely accessible or not and this
obviously provoked reactions in this
community that saw the process as something
much more important than the result
this way of interacting with these
values and so on
and this process the culture offenders to
me is one of the most things of things
more seminal within the open culture
source is this the spacewar o
spacewar is considered one of the first
videogame games and let’s put this
way he was running on the one that is a
equipment you can see a little bit
the minor began to be called these
things of minicomputers in contrast
that huge computers business is the
pp is not yet considered exactly
a mini computer but it is already in
of a game that resembles the asteroids and
for me few things represent
better the hacker culture than the scene
gamer in some way because among the
many things that could be done
with equipment of one million
dollars certainly play non-videogame
it was a more urgent dance
but they still decided to do it because
she happens to be from this moment
begins to have ends in itself
computing for computing the
computing as a means of expression
computing as a lifestyle
even were there it was very complicated
play because as I said these
computers they did not have a keyboard
and had keys then you had
that operating the keys here has
videogame control was developed.
control of the game only to facilitate
play this game and it was copied
improved among others
universities
students in different versions
huh
It can even be said that he went
developed almost
collaborative
how come it’s such a cool thing as
is that such a mass culture has
be associated with crime with things of the
Kind of for us to understand that, the people.
need to understand a trend that the
people already start to see that this
miniaturization trend that is the
The emergence of personal computing is
It is not difficult to assume that these
want to attract the computers and wanted to
access to such equipment would not
have to keep dividing the computer
the issue of having computers
decreasing until they turned
objects for personal use was beyond a
almost a market issue.
need for such people
addicted to contact these
what you are seeing
here is the computer free machines is
considered the first manifesto to be
respect for personal computing
practically the first book of the subject
a self-published fanzine and he was
released shortly before the switch
Alternating what they see there is
thus considered the first computer
commercially viable personnel he was
originally sold as a kit of
assembly is for this equipment that the
microsoft released the first product that
it was a basic interpreter it is here that
it is often said that the culture of
bill gates writes a letter
asking clues hobbies is not like
was called personal at that time to stop
to duplicate the base interpreter that it
had developed for the hotel without
pay the license and in the silicon valley
as in many other places the states
They had joined the the the Club Med robust
sehac called the rombo computer club where
there were two well-known figures
who saw this equipment and looked there
on the front or is a lot of people like
kit shows you like to ride the
own computer but a lot of people will
also want to buy a computer
ready and here also the hackers
have launched a long tradition of
you will see that in some photos of
basically defines in terms
what you should not
do in terms of color
of hair
only that although many people think that the
first computer the first product
apple was the good thing this equipment
who are seeing here a kind of
kit similar what terry then apple 2
which was the first so well
commercially the first
equipment is has a club one
documentary called netflix
lost interview where steve jobs speaks
that Apple’s first product in
reality a blue box are watching the
boo-box boxes are basically
devices to commit fraud
phone
they saw a cover story in the
magazine chooses with hackers of this
generation of the 60’s still called a gift
draper is the captain implant who
hack the phone system with a
and then they thought the story
was an urban legend chased after
find a solution them if not me
cheating history document them
they were arrested and released
because the police did not understand that the
device made the two of pigeons look
barefoot on the telephone with a
business half hung so talk one
just that you are doing but
people do not know exactly what then
Let’s release this culture of
contestation because fraud
because at this time the
hackers they basically
in several clubs remote access it
that we call BBBS access
internet ne
in the 80’s but here a show a
degrading hair
we have the popularization of this
figure of the teenage hacker who invades
This is the first time that a
magazine puts the term hacker in your
pejoratively, and this got
just like a gunshot out a movie
the following year in 1983 war games one
story of a teenager going to
impress a girl in his room
fired a nuclear war from the
your neuromancer dorm is published
At that time the media spoke
fundamental piece in the literature
punk the story of a hacker too
served as the inspiration for a
by metrix ghost in the shell and the years
90 they start with that footprint that
seemed irremediable from this image
hacker’s denial
the outsider is another cyber punk author
wrote the hacker so that they gave
telling the story of why this
generated a collective hysteria in society
Imagine if there are people who have
computer phobia imagines at the end of
70’s and early 80’s
then this generated a collective hysteria
which led to the approval of the first
laws of typifying the crime of
computers but a lot of people thought that
this pity to follow is was a little
that the police suddenly
was forcing the bar on some
things just to get an idea if
You did a computer invasion.
which caused more than $ 10,000 in
loss
you could be sentenced to up to 20
years of imprisonment and the average sentence
in the United States for rape is
about 8 to 9 years
to counteract this exaggeration.
hackers began to organize themselves
the first NGO founded to try to
defend the rights in cases
important within the digital universe
was even founded with money that the
Iraq itself has been founded one of
founders is the creator of lotus 123
some of you may know that
is the precursor of the spreadsheet and
in the 90’s is the year that marks the
popularization of internet software
open source makes men latch with
linux and society have a
to understand who these people are
the largest hacker creation in
own internet
if there is one thing that expresses the
culture and this spirit is the
internet in society comes to know
that much of the internet works on
code that has been developed in a
collaborative without anyone being
I specifically own this
transition from bbbs that were
systems that used to connect
remotely right to pleasure
internet occurs the first def with today
the largest hacking conference in the world
began in las vegas only as a
big farewell party of the zueira
bbbs and realized that the size of the scene
the size of the amount of people
would like to be in touch with the movie
what better record at this time the movie
hackers end of 90’s
the film that launched the angelina jolie
and stardom
shows that it begins to show these
confused ethical dilemmas because a
thing when you do it was us
computers basically anyone who uses
computer are other people equal to
you
something else when society starts to
have critical infrastructure depending on
these systems
then inevitably this limit between
what it is legal or not he would
to arrive
the first one of the most famous cases of
kevin mitnik imprisonment to this day
considered the world’s most famous hacker
it goes to five years in prison eight months
in solitary because according to him the
The police were able to persuade the
that he would be able to initiate a
nuclear war to rise a year a phone
public and then we can say that
rebels against the
beginning of years
in the early 2000s is in the years
2000 that rec begins to identify itself
as a political force with the
the emergence of anonymous
with the emergence of the pirate party
professing some elements of this
culture is also in the early years
of the 21st century that bitcoin and
Pitboy puts an element of confusion
hacker culture is very big because
until then many people thought that the
anonymus or maybe pirate party them
Left-wing liberals were
it was very clear that it is
and there bitcoin an electronic currency
transacted by the internet that nobody
You know who created and running to
of the financial system
seems like a capitalism
anarchy does not create much confusion for
people try to understand what it is
this and obviously with elements of this
culture taking so many aspects of people
begins to see state actors entering
in this process also the operation
aurora is considered one of the first
large cases of a sophisticated attack
funded by a state in China
against US companies as early as 2010
huh
the stuxnet the first case of a call
cyber gun a computer virus that
was developed in partnership by
American army in Israel to be
used to sabotage a nuclear power
uranium enrichment in iran
and begins with the
revelations from snowden to understand the
size of the leading role that
intelligence governments and tetra already
were performing within these
themes including the creation of
cyber battle fronts nor
Americans created the 5th command
because they basically consider
cyber as a fifth front of combat
besides air earth water and intelligence
that calls and we enter that decade the
end of it would not give more to the
society to try to afford not to
want to understand these figures so
controversial and rec in my vision
in recent years it reaches
truly the status of
minister in things like ti dogs a
game franchise that is already in your
second edition is but nothing nothing nothing
compare miss series and robberies
the series debuted a phenomenon of
criticism and audience has a
generation of passionate professionals
by elliot is an anti-hero who
during the day live with the
label work trivialities
consumer society and that at night lives
a parallel life having to confront
the revelations of truth from the
hands of his own
né skills
and then I end up with a need or
perhaps even a difficulty that is like
is that we try to complete a
story that is not over yet, I do not
I think the message I would have to
say it would be that hackers are figures
who chose the
technology as support for their
professional ambitions and
artistic
they are a force too, are not they?
also a disruptive force in the
policy as disruptive as the
ideas they profess then try
necessarily interpret this as
good or bad is at best
an initiative says a lot about
very clumsy press initiative
to solve a confusion that she herself
created think hackers they are very
for you to try to build a
single narrative
they are too complex to be
embedded in Manichean notions of
kind of good or bad for us or against us
left or right but I believe that
few cultures have impacted
broader and deeper the way
cities like societies they
work and get organized this is a
thing that I’m sure is that the
people will not be able to respond to these
questions or profess in a certain way
these discussions without them to a
position of protagonism
then returning to the initial question that
It’s who the hacker is.
Maybe this question has
making obsolete
see the example of the lectures that the
people had throughout the day in this test
given the extent to which technology
impact society today is given the world
hyperconnected that we live maybe
question is no longer appropriate.
what is rec but what is not
I think it’s very little nowadays.
[Applause]
”
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