A PATHWAY TO HEALTHY SOCIETIES | Rameshwar Nath Kaul Bamezai | TEDxJECRC

well I’ll be talking about doesn’t

well I’ll be talking about doesn’t anyway a pathway to healthy societies

anyway a pathway to healthy societies

anyway a pathway to healthy societies and I have taken mitochondrial

and I have taken mitochondrial

and I have taken mitochondrial perspective as a biologist which I’ll

perspective as a biologist which I’ll

perspective as a biologist which I’ll come to in a due course of time what I

come to in a due course of time what I

come to in a due course of time what I put over there you all will agree with

put over there you all will agree with

put over there you all will agree with me that the fast pace of economic

me that the fast pace of economic

me that the fast pace of economic development has not made us immune to

development has not made us immune to

development has not made us immune to disease burden and this disease burden

disease burden and this disease burden

disease burden and this disease burden has been rising along with this disease

has been rising along with this disease

has been rising along with this disease burden has been the stress level which

burden has been the stress level which

burden has been the stress level which has been rising and then what has

has been rising and then what has

has been rising and then what has happened we asked a question to

happened we asked a question to

happened we asked a question to ourselves why is it due to what have we

ourselves why is it due to what have we

ourselves why is it due to what have we done to ourselves that this disease

done to ourselves that this disease

done to ourselves that this disease burden keeps on rising in India the

burden keeps on rising in India the

burden keeps on rising in India the cancer rate wasn’t as high as it is

cancer rate wasn’t as high as it is

cancer rate wasn’t as high as it is today as compared to Western Europe

today as compared to Western Europe

today as compared to Western Europe today it’s matching with that particular

today it’s matching with that particular

today it’s matching with that particular rate and what have we done we have acted

rate and what have we done we have acted

rate and what have we done we have acted as our own enemies how we have acted as

as our own enemies how we have acted as

as our own enemies how we have acted as our own enemies in the process of

our own enemies in the process of

our own enemies in the process of evolution what has happened the

evolution what has happened the

evolution what has happened the evolution equipped us in our genomic

evolution equipped us in our genomic

evolution equipped us in our genomic material the blueprint all of us have it

material the blueprint all of us have it

material the blueprint all of us have it equipped us with variations in our

equipped us with variations in our

equipped us with variations in our genome which are favorable to sustenance

genome which are favorable to sustenance

genome which are favorable to sustenance survival withstanding diseases and yet

survival withstanding diseases and yet

survival withstanding diseases and yet with all this they stowed upon us by

with all this they stowed upon us by

with all this they stowed upon us by Nature we abused it and we abuse it to

Nature we abused it and we abuse it to

Nature we abused it and we abuse it to the extent that today we are suffering

the extent that today we are suffering

the extent that today we are suffering and I’ll give you a glimpse of that so

and I’ll give you a glimpse of that so

and I’ll give you a glimpse of that so how have we

when all of us in this audience have 100

when all of us in this audience have 100 trillion cells in our body

can I go back all of this all of us in

can I go back all of this all of us in this audience have 100 trillion cells in

this audience have 100 trillion cells in

this audience have 100 trillion cells in our body and in these hundred trillion

our body and in these hundred trillion

our body and in these hundred trillion cells we have two kinds of genomic

cells we have two kinds of genomic

cells we have two kinds of genomic materials one is there in the nucleus

materials one is there in the nucleus

materials one is there in the nucleus which is contributed by our parents and

which is contributed by our parents and

which is contributed by our parents and in case of males obviously father

in case of males obviously father

in case of males obviously father contributes Y chromosome so it’s father

contributes Y chromosome so it’s father

contributes Y chromosome so it’s father to some transmission and the mother

to some transmission and the mother

to some transmission and the mother contributes mitochondria to both

contributes mitochondria to both

contributes mitochondria to both daughters and sons mother does not

daughters and sons mother does not

daughters and sons mother does not discriminate fathers do so mother is

discriminate fathers do so mother is

discriminate fathers do so mother is always fair so daughters and sons both

always fair so daughters and sons both

always fair so daughters and sons both get mitochondria that’s why I have

get mitochondria that’s why I have

get mitochondria that’s why I have picked up this mitochondrial perspective

picked up this mitochondrial perspective

picked up this mitochondrial perspective and how it operates and what I have

and how it operates and what I have

and how it operates and what I have shown over here for engineering students

shown over here for engineering students

shown over here for engineering students it’s like a factory the whole body is

it’s like a factory the whole body is

it’s like a factory the whole body is like a factory with number of machines

like a factory with number of machines

like a factory with number of machines operational were there so to a

operational were there so to a

operational were there so to a mechanical engineer I would say well you

mechanical engineer I would say well you

mechanical engineer I would say well you use machine language to understand this

use machine language to understand this

use machine language to understand this and a mathematician along with this

and a mathematician along with this

and a mathematician along with this mechanical engineering student would be

mechanical engineering student would be

mechanical engineering student would be saying well let me use nonlinear

saying well let me use nonlinear

saying well let me use nonlinear mathematics to understand it so you put

mathematics to understand it so you put

mathematics to understand it so you put together non linear mathematics with

together non linear mathematics with

together non linear mathematics with machine language and you understand it

machine language and you understand it

machine language and you understand it well somebody in the electronics would

well somebody in the electronics would

well somebody in the electronics would say sir what do I do in this situation

say sir what do I do in this situation

say sir what do I do in this situation I’ll say well think about grids and how

I’ll say well think about grids and how

I’ll say well think about grids and how the transmission takes place so there’s

the transmission takes place so there’s

the transmission takes place so there’s communication of information from one

communication of information from one

communication of information from one grid to end of the grid and computer

grid to end of the grid and computer

grid to end of the grid and computer engineer says well you didn’t talk about

engineer says well you didn’t talk about

engineer says well you didn’t talk about me I’ll say don’t worry talk about hubs

me I’ll say don’t worry talk about hubs

me I’ll say don’t worry talk about hubs and edges in those hair hubs and how the

and edges in those hair hubs and how the

and edges in those hair hubs and how the communication is transmitted through

communication is transmitted through

communication is transmitted through these hubs that’s how biology has to be

these hubs that’s how biology has to be

these hubs that’s how biology has to be understood today by you youngsters in

understood today by you youngsters in

understood today by you youngsters in future understanding the complex systems

future understanding the complex systems

future understanding the complex systems so we try to understand this complex

so we try to understand this complex

so we try to understand this complex system as a whole and what all goes on

system as a whole and what all goes on

system as a whole and what all goes on over there in terms of biochemical

over there in terms of biochemical

over there in terms of biochemical reactions in terms of synthesis which is

reactions in terms of synthesis which is

reactions in terms of synthesis which is going on in terms of information

going on in terms of information

going on in terms of information transfer from cell to cell from

transfer from cell to cell from

transfer from cell to cell from generation to generation that’s what we

generation to generation that’s what we

generation to generation that’s what we deal with

give me the other one I’m sorry for this

give me the other one I’m sorry for this so there are two levels at which we

so there are two levels at which we

so there are two levels at which we understand genomics one level is that at

understand genomics one level is that at

understand genomics one level is that at the genome level which I said is being

the genome level which I said is being

the genome level which I said is being contributed by both parents and the

contributed by both parents and the

contributed by both parents and the other level is of some modifications

other level is of some modifications

other level is of some modifications which are happening in the genome and

which are happening in the genome and

which are happening in the genome and these modifications are called

these modifications are called

these modifications are called methylations so you have in the

methylations so you have in the

methylations so you have in the double-stranded DNA like this you have

double-stranded DNA like this you have

double-stranded DNA like this you have bases over there these are letters so

bases over there these are letters so

bases over there these are letters so all of us have a three billion letter

all of us have a three billion letter

all of us have a three billion letter long DNA coming from mother and three

long DNA coming from mother and three

long DNA coming from mother and three billion letter long DNA coming from

billion letter long DNA coming from

billion letter long DNA coming from father and there are these four

father and there are these four

father and there are these four alphabets in the DNA four nucleotides

alphabets in the DNA four nucleotides

alphabets in the DNA four nucleotides and they are the ones which determine

and they are the ones which determine

and they are the ones which determine the language of DNA and they are

the language of DNA and they are

the language of DNA and they are organized in a manner along the length

organized in a manner along the length

organized in a manner along the length of this 3 billion letter long DNA that

of this 3 billion letter long DNA that

of this 3 billion letter long DNA that you create landscape ik features in the

you create landscape ik features in the

you create landscape ik features in the genome and all is about those landscape

genome and all is about those landscape

genome and all is about those landscape features like you have natural landscape

features like you have natural landscape

features like you have natural landscape outside you have diverse element or

outside you have diverse element or

outside you have diverse element or there

there

there you can’t overlap them with each other

you can’t overlap them with each other

you can’t overlap them with each other they have their own distinct identities

they have their own distinct identities

they have their own distinct identities similarly in the genome also these four

similarly in the genome also these four

similarly in the genome also these four bases organize in a randomized manner

bases organize in a randomized manner

bases organize in a randomized manner they create their own landscaping

they create their own landscaping

they create their own landscaping features and scientist I’ve given some

features and scientist I’ve given some

features and scientist I’ve given some names to them micro satellites mini

names to them micro satellites mini

names to them micro satellites mini satellites snips single nucleotide

satellites snips single nucleotide

satellites snips single nucleotide polymorphism you don’t have to bother

polymorphism you don’t have to bother

polymorphism you don’t have to bother about that you just remember like a

about that you just remember like a

about that you just remember like a natural landscaping features you have

natural landscaping features you have

natural landscaping features you have features over there now this word

features over there now this word

features over there now this word cytosine this label gets modified and

cytosine this label gets modified and

cytosine this label gets modified and all this modification happens in

all this modification happens in

all this modification happens in randomly but it also can be this is

randomly but it also can be this is

randomly but it also can be this is called epigenetic regulation this can

called epigenetic regulation this can

called epigenetic regulation this can also happen this methylation one of the

also happen this methylation one of the

also happen this methylation one of the epigenetic regulators it can also happen

epigenetic regulators it can also happen

epigenetic regulators it can also happen by dietary habits bad dietary habits

by dietary habits bad dietary habits

by dietary habits bad dietary habits irregular dietary habits or exposure to

irregular dietary habits or exposure to

irregular dietary habits or exposure to chemicals carcinogens mutagens so it can

chemicals carcinogens mutagens so it can

chemicals carcinogens mutagens so it can happen by all this that’s what is why

happen by all this that’s what is why

happen by all this that’s what is why cancer rate is increasing today so there

cancer rate is increasing today so there

cancer rate is increasing today so there is a regulation at our blueprint level

is a regulation at our blueprint level

is a regulation at our blueprint level the DA

the DA

the DA a one regulation is genomic structural

a one regulation is genomic structural

a one regulation is genomic structural so there are some changes happening over

so there are some changes happening over

so there are some changes happening over there and another level of regulation is

there and another level of regulation is

there and another level of regulation is epigenetic and I’ll just use these words

epigenetic and I’ll just use these words

epigenetic and I’ll just use these words maybe in between so you need to

maybe in between so you need to

maybe in between so you need to understand them this is what we are

understand them this is what we are

understand them this is what we are doing so our poor lifestyle we have also

doing so our poor lifestyle we have also

doing so our poor lifestyle we have also the seed entry kind of lifestyle we have

the seed entry kind of lifestyle we have

the seed entry kind of lifestyle we have syndrome of Plenty and high stress and

syndrome of Plenty and high stress and

syndrome of Plenty and high stress and this it’s like rich and poor both are

this it’s like rich and poor both are

this it’s like rich and poor both are suffering so you have plenty in one case

suffering so you have plenty in one case

suffering so you have plenty in one case and you have stress in another case to

and you have stress in another case to

and you have stress in another case to become rich and there is this unbalanced

become rich and there is this unbalanced

become rich and there is this unbalanced ecosystem in this ecosystem not only

ecosystem in this ecosystem not only

ecosystem in this ecosystem not only outside which influences us but also

outside which influences us but also

outside which influences us but also inside us what does it result into so we

inside us what does it result into so we

inside us what does it result into so we asked the question as a researcher we

asked the question as a researcher we

asked the question as a researcher we asked the question is too complex

asked the question is too complex

asked the question is too complex because you can have different levels at

because you can have different levels at

because you can have different levels at the genome level 3 billion later long

the genome level 3 billion later long

the genome level 3 billion later long DNA may have hundreds and thousands of

DNA may have hundreds and thousands of

DNA may have hundreds and thousands of changes happening over there which we

changes happening over there which we

changes happening over there which we call mutations and then you can’t be

call mutations and then you can’t be

call mutations and then you can’t be looking at a drug for each one of them

looking at a drug for each one of them

looking at a drug for each one of them then on top of that you can have a PG

then on top of that you can have a PG

then on top of that you can have a PG Natick kind of modulations these because

Natick kind of modulations these because

Natick kind of modulations these because of these methylations and other other

of these methylations and other other

of these methylations and other other levels of modifications which can happen

levels of modifications which can happen

levels of modifications which can happen which are epigenetic in character then

which are epigenetic in character then

which are epigenetic in character then you can’t be looking for drugs for each

you can’t be looking for drugs for each

you can’t be looking for drugs for each one of them so is there a possibility

one of them so is there a possibility

one of them so is there a possibility that it does it converge at some

that it does it converge at some

that it does it converge at some metabolic at some biochemical level if

metabolic at some biochemical level if

metabolic at some biochemical level if this convergence can happen over there

this convergence can happen over there

this convergence can happen over there then you can target this with a

then you can target this with a

then you can target this with a particular drug that’s the story I’m

particular drug that’s the story I’m

particular drug that’s the story I’m going to give you that quickly how this

going to give you that quickly how this

going to give you that quickly how this convergence in a normal cell when we eat

convergence in a normal cell when we eat

convergence in a normal cell when we eat and the carbohydrates break down they

and the carbohydrates break down they

and the carbohydrates break down they generate sugar and the sugar is

generate sugar and the sugar is

generate sugar and the sugar is processed by a biochemical machinery and

processed by a biochemical machinery and

processed by a biochemical machinery and this mitochondria plays a good role over

this mitochondria plays a good role over

this mitochondria plays a good role over there in balancing itself with the

there in balancing itself with the

there in balancing itself with the nuclear material and the biochemical

nuclear material and the biochemical

nuclear material and the biochemical reactions which are going on here which

reactions which are going on here which

reactions which are going on here which are glycol like you know glycolysis over

are glycol like you know glycolysis over

are glycol like you know glycolysis over here which is happening

here which is happening

here which is happening I won’t don’t want to use these complex

I won’t don’t want to use these complex

I won’t don’t want to use these complex first for you

first for you

first for you and this pyruvate enters in the

and this pyruvate enters in the

and this pyruvate enters in the mitochondria and the mitochondria is the

mitochondria and the mitochondria is the

mitochondria and the mitochondria is the hub for creating power creating energy

hub for creating power creating energy

hub for creating power creating energy and you can see here 36 ATP molecules

and you can see here 36 ATP molecules

and you can see here 36 ATP molecules being generated

being generated

being generated whereas in cancer situation you have

whereas in cancer situation you have

whereas in cancer situation you have this happening glycolysis happening

this happening glycolysis happening

this happening glycolysis happening processing of glucose taking place some

processing of glucose taking place some

processing of glucose taking place some biochemical reactions going on yet you

biochemical reactions going on yet you

biochemical reactions going on yet you do not have adequate energy being

do not have adequate energy being

do not have adequate energy being generated over there it does not require

generated over there it does not require

generated over there it does not require that it’s an abnormal situation which

that it’s an abnormal situation which

that it’s an abnormal situation which has happening over there and the energy

has happening over there and the energy

has happening over there and the energy generated is through this process and

generated is through this process and

generated is through this process and the cell gets geared towards this

the cell gets geared towards this

the cell gets geared towards this bioessence of nucleotides so what is

bioessence of nucleotides so what is

bioessence of nucleotides so what is happening basically the cell is geared

happening basically the cell is geared

happening basically the cell is geared to produce energy through this process

to produce energy through this process

to produce energy through this process of using sugars whatever food we eat so

of using sugars whatever food we eat so

of using sugars whatever food we eat so all the glucose which is generated were

all the glucose which is generated were

all the glucose which is generated were there the cell uses it very quickly and

there the cell uses it very quickly and

there the cell uses it very quickly and when cell uses it very quickly it

when cell uses it very quickly it

when cell uses it very quickly it generates a phenomenon which is called

generates a phenomenon which is called

generates a phenomenon which is called Warburg hypothesis so Warburg had

Warburg hypothesis so Warburg had

Warburg hypothesis so Warburg had suggested that more of glucose will be

suggested that more of glucose will be

suggested that more of glucose will be taken by the cancer cell and more of

taken by the cancer cell and more of

taken by the cancer cell and more of lactate will be produced this is kind of

lactate will be produced this is kind of

lactate will be produced this is kind of a feature of a cancer cell

now mitochondria comes into picture

now mitochondria comes into picture because mitochondria works this tiny

because mitochondria works this tiny

because mitochondria works this tiny molecule within the cell has its own

molecule within the cell has its own

molecule within the cell has its own genome as I said mother passes onto both

genome as I said mother passes onto both

genome as I said mother passes onto both daughters and sons and it maintains this

daughters and sons and it maintains this

daughters and sons and it maintains this balance the homeostasis we in technical

balance the homeostasis we in technical

balance the homeostasis we in technical term will call homeostasis but I will

term will call homeostasis but I will

term will call homeostasis but I will use balance as the word so it balances

use balance as the word so it balances

use balance as the word so it balances were there it the homeostasis is that

were there it the homeostasis is that

were there it the homeostasis is that mitochondria will replicate divide we

mitochondria will replicate divide we

mitochondria will replicate divide we call it by Genesis and then it will see

call it by Genesis and then it will see

call it by Genesis and then it will see see to it that the cell is restored back

see to it that the cell is restored back

see to it that the cell is restored back it survives because survival is one of

it survives because survival is one of

it survives because survival is one of the features of the cell to sustain

the features of the cell to sustain

the features of the cell to sustain itself for future and all those

itself for future and all those

itself for future and all those reactions are going there information

reactions are going there information

reactions are going there information transfer is there and this mitochondria

transfer is there and this mitochondria

transfer is there and this mitochondria you will be surprised to know is an

you will be surprised to know is an

you will be surprised to know is an outsider in billions of years which has

outsider in billions of years which has

outsider in billions of years which has come inside the cell

come inside the cell

come inside the cell and we allowed at that time the cell

and we allowed at that time the cell

and we allowed at that time the cell allowed it to sustain itself to live

allowed it to sustain itself to live

allowed it to sustain itself to live there peacefully and it lived peacefully

there peacefully and it lived peacefully

there peacefully and it lived peacefully all these millions and billions of years

all these millions and billions of years

all these millions and billions of years in the cell that in humans also you have

in the cell that in humans also you have

in the cell that in humans also you have this mitochondria and they are the power

this mitochondria and they are the power

this mitochondria and they are the power house they’re energy producers

house they’re energy producers

house they’re energy producers they also synthesize they also signal so

they also synthesize they also signal so

they also synthesize they also signal so there is a communication between this

there is a communication between this

there is a communication between this mighty neo organelle within the cell

mighty neo organelle within the cell

mighty neo organelle within the cell communication between mitochondria and

communication between mitochondria and

communication between mitochondria and the nucleus and the nucleus and the

the nucleus and the nucleus and the

the nucleus and the nucleus and the mitochondria so this communication this

mitochondria so this communication this

mitochondria so this communication this balance is maintaining the homeostasis

balance is maintaining the homeostasis

balance is maintaining the homeostasis in the cell and this homelessness in the

in the cell and this homelessness in the

in the cell and this homelessness in the cell obviously make homeostasis in the

cell obviously make homeostasis in the

cell obviously make homeostasis in the body the physiological homeostasis if

body the physiological homeostasis if

body the physiological homeostasis if this is disturbed as would happen in

this is disturbed as would happen in

this is disturbed as would happen in cancers cases so mitochondria plays an

cancers cases so mitochondria plays an

cancers cases so mitochondria plays an important role in maintaining this

important role in maintaining this

important role in maintaining this balance and as an outsider I would say

balance and as an outsider I would say

balance and as an outsider I would say mitochondria has taken us for a ride

mitochondria has taken us for a ride

mitochondria has taken us for a ride because now it came as an outsider lived

because now it came as an outsider lived

because now it came as an outsider lived all through the revolution and has taken

all through the revolution and has taken

all through the revolution and has taken control of so today people are thinking

control of so today people are thinking

control of so today people are thinking that I put good mitochondria in a bad

that I put good mitochondria in a bad

that I put good mitochondria in a bad cell is it going to recover yes it

cell is it going to recover yes it

cell is it going to recover yes it happens that despite the bad genomic

happens that despite the bad genomic

happens that despite the bad genomic background the epigenomic background if

background the epigenomic background if

background the epigenomic background if you put good mitochondria were there

you put good mitochondria were there

you put good mitochondria were there it’s so important it communicates so

it’s so important it communicates so

it’s so important it communicates so well it tries to maintain the

well it tries to maintain the

well it tries to maintain the homeostatic balance in the cell and cell

homeostatic balance in the cell and cell

homeostatic balance in the cell and cell has some normalcy restored back but

has some normalcy restored back but

has some normalcy restored back but sometimes like in cancer situation it

sometimes like in cancer situation it

sometimes like in cancer situation it feels helpless under abnormal conditions

feels helpless under abnormal conditions

feels helpless under abnormal conditions so this is how mitochondria feels it has

so this is how mitochondria feels it has

so this is how mitochondria feels it has a balance between life and death in the

a balance between life and death in the

a balance between life and death in the cell so it undergoes survival and at the

cell so it undergoes survival and at the

cell so it undergoes survival and at the same time it has it leads to the death

same time it has it leads to the death

same time it has it leads to the death which is called in technical terms that

which is called in technical terms that

which is called in technical terms that we say apoptosis so mitochondrial

we say apoptosis so mitochondrial

we say apoptosis so mitochondrial behavior if abnormal can lead to cell

behavior if abnormal can lead to cell

behavior if abnormal can lead to cell death and obviously if cell does not die

death and obviously if cell does not die

death and obviously if cell does not die and has a baggage of damaged DNA inside

and has a baggage of damaged DNA inside

and has a baggage of damaged DNA inside it and it survives and the immune

it and it survives and the immune

it and it survives and the immune response which we have cannot fight it

response which we have cannot fight it

response which we have cannot fight it out cannot kill these cells so what

out cannot kill these cells so what

out cannot kill these cells so what would happen cancer arises so

would happen cancer arises so

would happen cancer arises so mitochondria definitely is a very

mitochondria definitely is a very

mitochondria definitely is a very important organ so it came as an

important organ so it came as an

important organ so it came as an outsider in the cell so it it’s at the

outsider in the cell so it it’s at the

outsider in the cell so it it’s at the crossroads of the life and death and it

crossroads of the life and death and it

crossroads of the life and death and it plays an important role and what are we

plays an important role and what are we

plays an important role and what are we doing with this the mitochondrial DNA

doing with this the mitochondrial DNA

doing with this the mitochondrial DNA mutations the mitochondrial methylations

mutations the mitochondrial methylations

mutations the mitochondrial methylations as I mentioned and introduce to you that

as I mentioned and introduce to you that

as I mentioned and introduce to you that the two levels of regulations which

the two levels of regulations which

the two levels of regulations which happen at the genome level one is the

happen at the genome level one is the

happen at the genome level one is the structural part there will be changes in

structural part there will be changes in

structural part there will be changes in this genome which may accumulate or the

this genome which may accumulate or the

this genome which may accumulate or the evolution which were good for us

evolution which were good for us

evolution which were good for us evolution gave rise to them and asked us

evolution gave rise to them and asked us

evolution gave rise to them and asked us to well these are good changes in you

to well these are good changes in you

to well these are good changes in you you survive you and we abuse them today

you survive you and we abuse them today

you survive you and we abuse them today those changes have failed us those

those changes have failed us those

those changes have failed us those changes have acted against us the

changes have acted against us the

changes have acted against us the changes which we acquired in the

changes which we acquired in the

changes which we acquired in the evolution which were good for us by our

evolution which were good for us by our

evolution which were good for us by our bad habits and lifestyles these very

bad habits and lifestyles these very

bad habits and lifestyles these very changes which we call polymorphisms in

changes which we call polymorphisms in

changes which we call polymorphisms in promoters they have started behaving

promoters they have started behaving

promoters they have started behaving which were favorable in evolution they

which were favorable in evolution they

which were favorable in evolution they have started behaving erratically and

have started behaving erratically and

have started behaving erratically and that has created a normal situation and

that has created a normal situation and

that has created a normal situation and in mitochondria again the mutations

in mitochondria again the mutations

in mitochondria again the mutations which happen that means genetic changes

which happen that means genetic changes

which happen that means genetic changes and the methylation which happens which

and the methylation which happens which

and the methylation which happens which is epigenetic changes we did not know

is epigenetic changes we did not know

is epigenetic changes we did not know much about the epigenetic changes in

much about the epigenetic changes in

much about the epigenetic changes in mitochondria in fact this was proposed

mitochondria in fact this was proposed

mitochondria in fact this was proposed long long ago we were the one of those

long long ago we were the one of those

long long ago we were the one of those first ones who have established it that

first ones who have established it that

first ones who have established it that well mitochondrial methylation takes

well mitochondrial methylation takes

well mitochondrial methylation takes place and this mitochondrial methylation

place and this mitochondrial methylation

place and this mitochondrial methylation which is happening in the mitochondrial

which is happening in the mitochondrial

which is happening in the mitochondrial genome it retains the homeostasis of a

genome it retains the homeostasis of a

genome it retains the homeostasis of a cell by increasing its mass which is

cell by increasing its mass which is

cell by increasing its mass which is called by Genesis by increasing its

called by Genesis by increasing its

called by Genesis by increasing its mitochondrial potential which is very

mitochondrial potential which is very

mitochondrial potential which is very important and when I use the word

important and when I use the word

important and when I use the word potential and mas definitely it should

potential and mas definitely it should

potential and mas definitely it should tingle a bell in your head and you

tingle a bell in your head and you

tingle a bell in your head and you should say well there’s something going

should say well there’s something going

should say well there’s something going on this complex structure and this

on this complex structure and this

on this complex structure and this complex structure need to be understood

complex structure need to be understood

complex structure need to be understood in nonlinear with some kind of a

in nonlinear with some kind of a

in nonlinear with some kind of a language which is very different and

language which is very different and

language which is very different and that’s machine language so because it’s

that’s machine language so because it’s

that’s machine language so because it’s not so simple what does it do I’ll just

not so simple what does it do I’ll just

not so simple what does it do I’ll just highlight some mechanism over here not

highlight some mechanism over here not

highlight some mechanism over here not going in scientific details if by these

going in scientific details if by these

going in scientific details if by these habits right from sedentary lifestyle to

habits right from sedentary lifestyle to

habits right from sedentary lifestyle to irregular dietary habits and I had given

irregular dietary habits and I had given

irregular dietary habits and I had given you this background that the genomic

you this background that the genomic

you this background that the genomic background which was favorable in

background which was favorable in

background which was favorable in relation for us has turned bad now and

relation for us has turned bad now and

relation for us has turned bad now and on top of that you have now mutations

on top of that you have now mutations

on top of that you have now mutations introduced in cancer only few days back

introduced in cancer only few days back

introduced in cancer only few days back again it was published that what was bad

again it was published that what was bad

again it was published that what was bad luck what was called it’s bad luck if

luck what was called it’s bad luck if

luck what was called it’s bad luck if somebody is suffering from cancer has

somebody is suffering from cancer has

somebody is suffering from cancer has mutations now they say well it’s

mutations now they say well it’s

mutations now they say well it’s randomized so most of the mutations

randomized so most of the mutations

randomized so most of the mutations which are happening in cancer in the

which are happening in cancer in the

which are happening in cancer in the cells are happening in the tumor and

cells are happening in the tumor and

cells are happening in the tumor and they don’t have the presents their

they don’t have the presents their

they don’t have the presents their presence in normal cells that means out

presence in normal cells that means out

presence in normal cells that means out of five hundred odd genes there are 500

of five hundred odd genes there are 500

of five hundred odd genes there are 500 which are somatic mutations and only few

which are somatic mutations and only few

which are somatic mutations and only few of them are germline which are passing

of them are germline which are passing

of them are germline which are passing from generation to generation which

from generation to generation which

from generation to generation which means that we are abusing our system in

means that we are abusing our system in

means that we are abusing our system in such a way that these mutations are

such a way that these mutations are

such a way that these mutations are getting introduced and they may take a

getting introduced and they may take a

getting introduced and they may take a shape where they are turning into a

shape where they are turning into a

shape where they are turning into a cancerous cell or a tumorigenic cell now

cancerous cell or a tumorigenic cell now

cancerous cell or a tumorigenic cell now here is a situation that the

here is a situation that the

here is a situation that the mitochondria how it behaves and how it

mitochondria how it behaves and how it

mitochondria how it behaves and how it regulates it generates these free

regulates it generates these free

regulates it generates these free radicals whatever food we eat we

radicals whatever food we eat we

radicals whatever food we eat we generate free radicals and these free

generate free radicals and these free

generate free radicals and these free radicals in our body we have a system

radicals in our body we have a system

radicals in our body we have a system which will scavenge it which will mop it

which will scavenge it which will mop it

which will scavenge it which will mop it and if the machinery of ours of the

and if the machinery of ours of the

and if the machinery of ours of the mopping machinery is not good then

mopping machinery is not good then

mopping machinery is not good then obviously these free radicals are going

obviously these free radicals are going

obviously these free radicals are going to be accumulated over there they are

to be accumulated over there they are

to be accumulated over there they are very short half-life or that they don’t

very short half-life or that they don’t

very short half-life or that they don’t sustain there for too long but then

sustain there for too long but then

sustain there for too long but then within that period they are able to

within that period they are able to

within that period they are able to damage DNA they are able to damage might

damage DNA they are able to damage might

damage DNA they are able to damage might other things lipids carbohydrates in the

other things lipids carbohydrates in the

other things lipids carbohydrates in the body now all this system abusing system

body now all this system abusing system

body now all this system abusing system through insulin signaling and other

through insulin signaling and other

through insulin signaling and other signaling they make this mess

signaling they make this mess

signaling they make this mess bah lism turn into one of the enzymes

bah lism turn into one of the enzymes

bah lism turn into one of the enzymes which we have researched on which is

which we have researched on which is

which we have researched on which is called pyruvate kinase one of the

called pyruvate kinase one of the

called pyruvate kinase one of the isotonic forms which is a tetra mer this

isotonic forms which is a tetra mer this

isotonic forms which is a tetra mer this tetra Mar 4 molecules always becomes

tetra Mar 4 molecules always becomes

tetra Mar 4 molecules always becomes stable dimers and this stable dimer

stable dimers and this stable dimer

stable dimers and this stable dimer turns into the cell into anabolic state

turns into the cell into anabolic state

turns into the cell into anabolic state and I’ll just you give you a glimpse

and I’ll just you give you a glimpse

and I’ll just you give you a glimpse over here the mitochondria even one base

over here the mitochondria even one base

over here the mitochondria even one base change just one base change generates

change just one base change generates

change just one base change generates reactive oxygen species or these free

reactive oxygen species or these free

reactive oxygen species or these free radicals they go inside the nucleus this

radicals they go inside the nucleus this

radicals they go inside the nucleus this signal and then signaling is this

signal and then signaling is this

signal and then signaling is this methylation happening this methylation

methylation happening this methylation

methylation happening this methylation in the nuclear genes makes

in the nuclear genes makes

in the nuclear genes makes anti-apoptotic which means survival

anti-apoptotic which means survival

anti-apoptotic which means survival genes they give the signal for survival

genes they give the signal for survival

genes they give the signal for survival that goes very high

that goes very high

that goes very high this gives signal in the metabolism the

this gives signal in the metabolism the

this gives signal in the metabolism the dimers are high as compared to normal in

dimers are high as compared to normal in

dimers are high as compared to normal in Zion Tet remember in the pathway the

Zion Tet remember in the pathway the

Zion Tet remember in the pathway the biochemical pathway you will have more

biochemical pathway you will have more

biochemical pathway you will have more towards the PPP shunt and that means the

towards the PPP shunt and that means the

towards the PPP shunt and that means the anabolic character anabolic character is

anabolic character anabolic character is

anabolic character anabolic character is required for the cancer cell to sustain

required for the cancer cell to sustain

required for the cancer cell to sustain itself and it does not happen only in

itself and it does not happen only in

itself and it does not happen only in mitochondrial situation even the pathway

mitochondrial situation even the pathway

mitochondrial situation even the pathway in the nuclear genes whether apoptosis

in the nuclear genes whether apoptosis

in the nuclear genes whether apoptosis is there or immune response they fail or

is there or immune response they fail or

is there or immune response they fail or DNA damage fails then or epigenomic

DNA damage fails then or epigenomic

DNA damage fails then or epigenomic signal thing they generate the same

signal thing they generate the same

signal thing they generate the same phenomenon up whether it kinase

phenomenon up whether it kinase

phenomenon up whether it kinase dimerization we have looked into that

dimerization we have looked into that

dimerization we have looked into that now finally we have looked into how do

now finally we have looked into how do

now finally we have looked into how do we tackle with this so we have tried to

we tackle with this so we have tried to

we tackle with this so we have tried to have signatures of metabolism now these

have signatures of metabolism now these

have signatures of metabolism now these are groups where highly vascularized

are groups where highly vascularized

are groups where highly vascularized tissue is the tumor tissue is there or

tissue is the tumor tissue is there or

tissue is the tumor tissue is there or cells are there there are poorly

cells are there there are poorly

cells are there there are poorly vascularized cells there are some which

vascularized cells there are some which

vascularized cells there are some which will make metastasis that means they

will make metastasis that means they

will make metastasis that means they will spread in the body or they will be

will spread in the body or they will be

will spread in the body or they will be chemo resistant for drugs for all these

chemo resistant for drugs for all these

chemo resistant for drugs for all these we have generated certain metabolic

we have generated certain metabolic

we have generated certain metabolic feature signatures and we are attacking

feature signatures and we are attacking

feature signatures and we are attacking these signatures through these molecules

these signatures through these molecules

these signatures through these molecules which are molecules from within making

which are molecules from within making

which are molecules from within making inhibitors for them and they have worked

inhibitors for them and they have worked

inhibitors for them and they have worked they kill the cancer cell and that’s

they kill the cancer cell and that’s

they kill the cancer cell and that’s what in the society it is going to be

what in the society it is going to be

what in the society it is going to be beneficial in future and I hope it’s

beneficial in future and I hope it’s

beneficial in future and I hope it’s takes that practical shape of

takes that practical shape of

takes that practical shape of transforming itself in terms of certain

transforming itself in terms of certain

transforming itself in terms of certain drugs which are simple which achieved

drugs which are simple which achieved

drugs which are simple which achieved because they are based on very cheap

because they are based on very cheap

because they are based on very cheap methodology ultimately or genomic

methodology ultimately or genomic

methodology ultimately or genomic epigenomic events are converging on that

epigenomic events are converging on that

epigenomic events are converging on that event in the metabolism and if you

event in the metabolism and if you

event in the metabolism and if you target that metabolism for cancer cell

target that metabolism for cancer cell

target that metabolism for cancer cell the cancer cell is going to die and all

the cancer cell is going to die and all

the cancer cell is going to die and all these forms of cancer are going to be

these forms of cancer are going to be

these forms of cancer are going to be contained thank you very much

contained thank you very much

contained thank you very much [Applause]