From One Drop to One Life | Neil Davey | TEDxIHEParis

in 2015 alone four hundred and twenty

in 2015 alone four hundred and twenty nine thousand people around the world

nine thousand people around the world

nine thousand people around the world died of malaria and two hundred and

died of malaria and two hundred and

died of malaria and two hundred and twelve million people had this disease

twelve million people had this disease

twelve million people had this disease two hundred and twelve million that’s

two hundred and twelve million that’s

two hundred and twelve million that’s more than three times the entire

more than three times the entire

more than three times the entire population of France now take a moment

population of France now take a moment

population of France now take a moment to think of the hundreds of thousands of

to think of the hundreds of thousands of

to think of the hundreds of thousands of others who died that same year from a

others who died that same year from a

others who died that same year from a number of other infectious diseases

number of other infectious diseases

number of other infectious diseases tuberculosis dengue HIV just to name a

tuberculosis dengue HIV just to name a

tuberculosis dengue HIV just to name a few

few

few unfortunately 98 percent of these deaths

unfortunately 98 percent of these deaths

unfortunately 98 percent of these deaths occurred in the South Asian and African

occurred in the South Asian and African

occurred in the South Asian and African regions particularly in developing

regions particularly in developing

regions particularly in developing economies where access to critical care

economies where access to critical care

economies where access to critical care is severely limited

is severely limited

is severely limited on one hand health care today is the

on one hand health care today is the

on one hand health care today is the greatest that it’s ever been in the

greatest that it’s ever been in the

greatest that it’s ever been in the history of the world and that’s solely

history of the world and that’s solely

history of the world and that’s solely due to advances in science and

due to advances in science and

due to advances in science and technology but on the other there

technology but on the other there

technology but on the other there remains a dire need to translate these

remains a dire need to translate these

remains a dire need to translate these medical advances to underserved regions

medical advances to underserved regions

medical advances to underserved regions of the globe and distribute distribute

of the globe and distribute distribute

of the globe and distribute distribute them at a large scale for the past four

them at a large scale for the past four

them at a large scale for the past four years I’ve been playing my small part to

years I’ve been playing my small part to

years I’ve been playing my small part to contribute in the efforts to solve this

contribute in the efforts to solve this

contribute in the efforts to solve this global problem my name is Neil Davi and

global problem my name is Neil Davi and

global problem my name is Neil Davi and I’m a fourth year undergraduate at

I’m a fourth year undergraduate at

I’m a fourth year undergraduate at Harvard University studying applied

Harvard University studying applied

Harvard University studying applied mathematics and economics with the

mathematics and economics with the

mathematics and economics with the secondary and global health and health

secondary and global health and health

secondary and global health and health policy for the past four years I’ve been

policy for the past four years I’ve been

policy for the past four years I’ve been working in the laboratory of Professor

working in the laboratory of Professor

working in the laboratory of Professor David Waits

David Waits

David Waits at Harvard University on drop based

at Harvard University on drop based

at Harvard University on drop based micro fluidics platforms for the early

micro fluidics platforms for the early

micro fluidics platforms for the early diagnosis of a variety of diseases my

diagnosis of a variety of diseases my

diagnosis of a variety of diseases my story begins

story begins

story begins in the summer of 2012 I entered the

in the summer of 2012 I entered the

in the summer of 2012 I entered the weights lab as just a third-year high

weights lab as just a third-year high

weights lab as just a third-year high school student and I was working on a

school student and I was working on a

school student and I was working on a drop based platform to detect cancers at

drop based platform to detect cancers at

drop based platform to detect cancers at a very early stage

a very early stage

a very early stage traditionally cancers are diagnosed via

traditionally cancers are diagnosed via

traditionally cancers are diagnosed via something known as a tumor biopsy the

something known as a tumor biopsy the

something known as a tumor biopsy the doctor takes a needle and literally

doctor takes a needle and literally

doctor takes a needle and literally pokes decided

pokes decided

pokes decided tomber this is dangerous quite invasive

tomber this is dangerous quite invasive

tomber this is dangerous quite invasive and oftentimes downright inaccurate in

and oftentimes downright inaccurate in

and oftentimes downright inaccurate in particular it requires that a tumour

particular it requires that a tumour

particular it requires that a tumour exists for the biopsy to occur so

exists for the biopsy to occur so

exists for the biopsy to occur so oftentimes the diagnosis is at a quite a

oftentimes the diagnosis is at a quite a

oftentimes the diagnosis is at a quite a late stage the holy grail of cancer

late stage the holy grail of cancer

late stage the holy grail of cancer diagnosis is therefore a liquid biopsy

diagnosis is therefore a liquid biopsy

diagnosis is therefore a liquid biopsy where in cancer cells are detected

where in cancer cells are detected

where in cancer cells are detected directly from the bloodstream not only

directly from the bloodstream not only

directly from the bloodstream not only is this safer than a tumor biopsy but it

is this safer than a tumor biopsy but it

is this safer than a tumor biopsy but it allows for cancers to be diagnosed at a

allows for cancers to be diagnosed at a

allows for cancers to be diagnosed at a far earlier stage before tumor formation

far earlier stage before tumor formation

far earlier stage before tumor formation even begins now what exactly is drop

even begins now what exactly is drop

even begins now what exactly is drop based micro fluidics and why does it

based micro fluidics and why does it

based micro fluidics and why does it allow for such a liquid biopsy to

allow for such a liquid biopsy to

allow for such a liquid biopsy to diagnose cancers at such an early stage

diagnose cancers at such an early stage

diagnose cancers at such an early stage at its core the technology allows for

at its core the technology allows for

at its core the technology allows for the encapsulations

the encapsulations

the encapsulations of blood cells be it healthy cells or

of blood cells be it healthy cells or

of blood cells be it healthy cells or circulating tumor cells in the case of

circulating tumor cells in the case of

circulating tumor cells in the case of cancer patients into water and oil

cancer patients into water and oil

cancer patients into water and oil emotions known as microfluidic drops a

emotions known as microfluidic drops a

emotions known as microfluidic drops a DNA amplification technology allows for

DNA amplification technology allows for

DNA amplification technology allows for only the genes of the cancer cells to be

only the genes of the cancer cells to be

only the genes of the cancer cells to be amplified what this means is that only

amplified what this means is that only

amplified what this means is that only the drops containing the cancer cells

the drops containing the cancer cells

the drops containing the cancer cells will have amplification and this will

will have amplification and this will

will have amplification and this will lead to a subsequent fluorescent signal

so only the drops that contain these

so only the drops that contain these cells will have a signal and this

cells will have a signal and this

cells will have a signal and this fluorescence can be detected and

fluorescence can be detected and

fluorescence can be detected and quantified by a laser the technology

quantified by a laser the technology

quantified by a laser the technology doesn’t only give a yes-no output

doesn’t only give a yes-no output

doesn’t only give a yes-no output indicating the presence of the disease

indicating the presence of the disease

indicating the presence of the disease but rather gives a quantitative output

but rather gives a quantitative output

but rather gives a quantitative output telling the doctor how many cancer cells

telling the doctor how many cancer cells

telling the doctor how many cancer cells there are per volume of blood and

there are per volume of blood and

there are per volume of blood and thereby indicating the stage of the

thereby indicating the stage of the

thereby indicating the stage of the patient’s cancer why is this unique in

patient’s cancer why is this unique in

patient’s cancer why is this unique in traditional molecular diagnosis say

traditional molecular diagnosis say

traditional molecular diagnosis say there’s one cancer cell and 10,000

there’s one cancer cell and 10,000

there’s one cancer cell and 10,000 healthy blood cells the overwhelming

healthy blood cells the overwhelming

healthy blood cells the overwhelming presence of those cells make it

presence of those cells make it

presence of those cells make it impossible to detect that one cancer

impossible to detect that one cancer

impossible to detect that one cancer so that makes it seem like the patient

so that makes it seem like the patient

so that makes it seem like the patient is doing perfectly fine drop base

is doing perfectly fine drop base

is doing perfectly fine drop base microfluidics on the other hand allows

microfluidics on the other hand allows

microfluidics on the other hand allows for each cell to be in its own discrete

for each cell to be in its own discrete

for each cell to be in its own discrete reaction vesicle allowing us to

reaction vesicle allowing us to

reaction vesicle allowing us to distinguish between the cancer cells and

distinguish between the cancer cells and

distinguish between the cancer cells and the healthy cells preventing the masking

the healthy cells preventing the masking

the healthy cells preventing the masking of the bad cells by the good in

of the bad cells by the good in

of the bad cells by the good in particular our technology is so ultra

particular our technology is so ultra

particular our technology is so ultra sensitive that it can detect as little

sensitive that it can detect as little

sensitive that it can detect as little as one cancer cell out of 10 billion

as one cancer cell out of 10 billion

as one cancer cell out of 10 billion healthy blood cells and imagine that 1

healthy blood cells and imagine that 1

healthy blood cells and imagine that 1 billion cells each of these drops is

billion cells each of these drops is

billion cells each of these drops is exceedingly small having the same

exceedingly small having the same

exceedingly small having the same thickness as just a strand of human hair

thickness as just a strand of human hair

thickness as just a strand of human hair this is the biomedical equivalent of

this is the biomedical equivalent of

this is the biomedical equivalent of finding a needle in a haystack further

finding a needle in a haystack further

finding a needle in a haystack further the technology allows for individual

the technology allows for individual

the technology allows for individual cancer genomes to be stored within the

cancer genomes to be stored within the

cancer genomes to be stored within the microfluidic drops this gives individual

microfluidic drops this gives individual

microfluidic drops this gives individual patient information to the doctor and

patient information to the doctor and

patient information to the doctor and allows for therapies to be tailored

allows for therapies to be tailored

allows for therapies to be tailored towards that particular patient for

towards that particular patient for

towards that particular patient for example if a drop contains a genome it

example if a drop contains a genome it

example if a drop contains a genome it can be DNA sequenced and if that

can be DNA sequenced and if that

can be DNA sequenced and if that sequence reveals certain specific

sequence reveals certain specific

sequence reveals certain specific mutations for a patient doctors can have

mutations for a patient doctors can have

mutations for a patient doctors can have personalized treatment for those

personalized treatment for those

personalized treatment for those mutations this overcomes the huge

mutations this overcomes the huge

mutations this overcomes the huge problem of patient variation that exists

problem of patient variation that exists

problem of patient variation that exists today in oncology now to speak of this

today in oncology now to speak of this

today in oncology now to speak of this technology without acknowledging the

technology without acknowledging the

technology without acknowledging the group effort that was involved in its

group effort that was involved in its

group effort that was involved in its creation would be unfair during my time

creation would be unfair during my time

creation would be unfair during my time in the lab not only did I learn the

in the lab not only did I learn the

in the lab not only did I learn the importance of the scientific method but

importance of the scientific method but

importance of the scientific method but I learned the power of collaboration and

I learned the power of collaboration and

I learned the power of collaboration and the importance of working in a team

the importance of working in a team

the importance of working in a team which drastically improved my

which drastically improved my

which drastically improved my experiences there by being unafraid to

experiences there by being unafraid to

experiences there by being unafraid to ask questions reaching out for help from

ask questions reaching out for help from

ask questions reaching out for help from up from those who are older than me

up from those who are older than me

up from those who are older than me and sharing my results with colleagues I

and sharing my results with colleagues I

and sharing my results with colleagues I was able to get a lot done during my

was able to get a lot done during my

was able to get a lot done during my summer there my mentor and I

summer there my mentor and I

summer there my mentor and I particularly worked hand in hand with

particularly worked hand in hand with

particularly worked hand in hand with doctors at the Massachusetts General

doctors at the Massachusetts General

doctors at the Massachusetts General Hospital and they successfully tested

Hospital and they successfully tested

Hospital and they successfully tested our cancer platform on prostate cancer

our cancer platform on prostate cancer

our cancer platform on prostate cancer patients in the hospital interestingly

patients in the hospital interestingly

patients in the hospital interestingly the platform can be adapted for

the platform can be adapted for

the platform can be adapted for any disease so long as the DNA fragments

any disease so long as the DNA fragments

any disease so long as the DNA fragments being amplified and targeted are

being amplified and targeted are

being amplified and targeted are specific to that disease but despite

specific to that disease but despite

specific to that disease but despite being a drastic improvement in terms of

being a drastic improvement in terms of

being a drastic improvement in terms of detecting cancers at a far earlier stage

detecting cancers at a far earlier stage

detecting cancers at a far earlier stage and doing so non-invasively this was

and doing so non-invasively this was

and doing so non-invasively this was still a rich man’s technology it

still a rich man’s technology it

still a rich man’s technology it required large pumps to generate the

required large pumps to generate the

required large pumps to generate the microfluidic emulsions time consuming

microfluidic emulsions time consuming

microfluidic emulsions time consuming DNA amplification machines and very very

DNA amplification machines and very very

DNA amplification machines and very very expensive fluorescence microscopes to

expensive fluorescence microscopes to

expensive fluorescence microscopes to actually image the drops such a

actually image the drops such a

actually image the drops such a technology could never be used in many

technology could never be used in many

technology could never be used in many of the developing countries of our world

of the developing countries of our world

of the developing countries of our world today

today

today so since the essence of the platform is

so since the essence of the platform is

so since the essence of the platform is so flexible I envisioned using the same

so flexible I envisioned using the same

so flexible I envisioned using the same technique for a number of other diseases

technique for a number of other diseases

technique for a number of other diseases infectious diseases like tuberculosis

infectious diseases like tuberculosis

infectious diseases like tuberculosis and malaria which are pretty uncommon in

and malaria which are pretty uncommon in

and malaria which are pretty uncommon in the developed world but still severely

the developed world but still severely

the developed world but still severely debilitating in a number of developing

debilitating in a number of developing

debilitating in a number of developing countries form our team to actually

countries form our team to actually

countries form our team to actually translate this technology from something

translate this technology from something

translate this technology from something that’s high cost to something that’s low

that’s high cost to something that’s low

that’s high cost to something that’s low cost it was important for us to make

cost it was important for us to make

cost it was important for us to make serious design changes to our device the

serious design changes to our device the

serious design changes to our device the first thing we did was instead of using

first thing we did was instead of using

first thing we did was instead of using large pumps to generate these

large pumps to generate these

large pumps to generate these microfluidic drops we just use a simple

microfluidic drops we just use a simple

microfluidic drops we just use a simple handheld pipette a device that exists in

handheld pipette a device that exists in

handheld pipette a device that exists in almost every lab around the world also I

almost every lab around the world also I

almost every lab around the world also I thought up the idea of using isothermal

thought up the idea of using isothermal

thought up the idea of using isothermal DNA amplification that basically means

DNA amplification that basically means

DNA amplification that basically means amplifying the DNA at a single

amplifying the DNA at a single

amplifying the DNA at a single temperature of 35 degrees centigrade so

temperature of 35 degrees centigrade so

temperature of 35 degrees centigrade so the device is functional just in the

the device is functional just in the

the device is functional just in the heat of the Sun it also shortens the

heat of the Sun it also shortens the

heat of the Sun it also shortens the amplification time from three hours to

amplification time from three hours to

amplification time from three hours to just one and rapid diagnosis is

just one and rapid diagnosis is

just one and rapid diagnosis is extremely important in the field because

extremely important in the field because

extremely important in the field because knowing your disease status right away

knowing your disease status right away

knowing your disease status right away is highly correlated with your treatment

is highly correlated with your treatment

is highly correlated with your treatment outcomes

outcomes

outcomes finally we’re working on a simple mobile

finally we’re working on a simple mobile

finally we’re working on a simple mobile phone camera with an attached LED and

phone camera with an attached LED and

phone camera with an attached LED and lens which can be used to actually image

lens which can be used to actually image

lens which can be used to actually image the drops overall this technology would

the drops overall this technology would

the drops overall this technology would circumvent the need for a laboratory we

circumvent the need for a laboratory we

circumvent the need for a laboratory we wouldn’t need any electricity and it can

wouldn’t need any electricity and it can

wouldn’t need any electricity and it can be scaled up at a much grain

be scaled up at a much grain

be scaled up at a much grain level in the developing world after

level in the developing world after

level in the developing world after creating this point-of-care technology I

creating this point-of-care technology I

creating this point-of-care technology I applied for a grant from the deutsche

applied for a grant from the deutsche

applied for a grant from the deutsche bank to fund pilot stage clinical tests

bank to fund pilot stage clinical tests

bank to fund pilot stage clinical tests in malaria endemic regions of the world

fortunately we won a $20,000 grant to

fortunately we won a $20,000 grant to take this device to the peruvian amazon

take this device to the peruvian amazon

take this device to the peruvian amazon this past january and test it on malaria

this past january and test it on malaria

this past january and test it on malaria patients that were there malaria is

patients that were there malaria is

patients that were there malaria is especially problematic disease because

especially problematic disease because

especially problematic disease because although an effective treatment strategy

although an effective treatment strategy

although an effective treatment strategy exists because of poor diagnosis a

exists because of poor diagnosis a

exists because of poor diagnosis a number of people have serious health

number of people have serious health

number of people have serious health complications also there’s many many

complications also there’s many many

complications also there’s many many asymptomatic cases which leads to the

asymptomatic cases which leads to the

asymptomatic cases which leads to the unknowing spread of this disease so the

unknowing spread of this disease so the

unknowing spread of this disease so the point of our being in Peru was to test

point of our being in Peru was to test

point of our being in Peru was to test our inexpensive device and see if we

our inexpensive device and see if we

our inexpensive device and see if we could quantitatively and rapidly detect

could quantitatively and rapidly detect

could quantitatively and rapidly detect malaria parasites from the bloodstream

malaria parasites from the bloodstream

malaria parasites from the bloodstream of these patients we first arrived in

of these patients we first arrived in

of these patients we first arrived in Lima where we met our Peruvian teammates

Lima where we met our Peruvian teammates

Lima where we met our Peruvian teammates and worked in the university lab for a

and worked in the university lab for a

and worked in the university lab for a few days then device in hand we went to

few days then device in hand we went to

few days then device in hand we went to the Amazonian city of Monika Miri and

the Amazonian city of Monika Miri and

the Amazonian city of Monika Miri and with it Monika Mira was in a larger

with it Monika Mira was in a larger

with it Monika Mira was in a larger region known as Iquitos Iquitos was

region known as Iquitos Iquitos was

region known as Iquitos Iquitos was beautiful as you can see from this image

beautiful as you can see from this image

beautiful as you can see from this image the greenery and tranquil of the

the greenery and tranquil of the

the greenery and tranquil of the rainforest are stunning

rainforest are stunning

rainforest are stunning and they mask the underlying health

and they mask the underlying health

and they mask the underlying health problems that exist in the Amazon

problems that exist in the Amazon

problems that exist in the Amazon rainforest while there as I mentioned we

rainforest while there as I mentioned we

rainforest while there as I mentioned we went to the village of Monika Miri

went to the village of Monika Miri

went to the village of Monika Miri Monika Miriah has an unusually high rate

Monika Miriah has an unusually high rate

Monika Miriah has an unusually high rate of malaria the patients there when we

of malaria the patients there when we

of malaria the patients there when we went to the village we’re so happy to

went to the village we’re so happy to

went to the village we’re so happy to see us trying to diagnose their

see us trying to diagnose their

see us trying to diagnose their conditions in Monika Miri we drew blood

conditions in Monika Miri we drew blood

conditions in Monika Miri we drew blood samples from the patients and tested

samples from the patients and tested

samples from the patients and tested them in our device fortunately we found

them in our device fortunately we found

them in our device fortunately we found that those who are positive with malaria

that those who are positive with malaria

that those who are positive with malaria or who had the disease were able to be

or who had the disease were able to be

or who had the disease were able to be distinguished from those who are

distinguished from those who are

distinguished from those who are disease-free after using our device

disease-free after using our device

disease-free after using our device this was extremely exciting news and

this was extremely exciting news and

this was extremely exciting news and showed us that our technology was at

showed us that our technology was at

showed us that our technology was at least as good as the standard of care

least as good as the standard of care

least as good as the standard of care which is a lab based microscopy test

which is a lab based microscopy test

which is a lab based microscopy test that currently exists but we don’t want

that currently exists but we don’t want

that currently exists but we don’t want to be just as good we want to show that

to be just as good we want to show that

to be just as good we want to show that our technology is actually better than

our technology is actually better than

our technology is actually better than the existing technology for one the lab

the existing technology for one the lab

the existing technology for one the lab based test performs poorly in the field

based test performs poorly in the field

based test performs poorly in the field community health workers have a

community health workers have a

community health workers have a difficult time actually quantifying how

difficult time actually quantifying how

difficult time actually quantifying how much malaria patient has and also it’s

much malaria patient has and also it’s

much malaria patient has and also it’s difficult for them to distinguish

difficult for them to distinguish

difficult for them to distinguish between different malaria parasite

between different malaria parasite

between different malaria parasite species that exist these are both

species that exist these are both

species that exist these are both problems that our technology solves

problems that our technology solves

problems that our technology solves quite easily the most amazing part of

quite easily the most amazing part of

quite easily the most amazing part of being in Monaca meri was speaking with

being in Monaca meri was speaking with

being in Monaca meri was speaking with the villagers there about their health

the villagers there about their health

the villagers there about their health conditions learning about their malaria

conditions learning about their malaria

conditions learning about their malaria they were so open to us foreigners and

they were so open to us foreigners and

they were so open to us foreigners and welcomed us with open arms into their

welcomed us with open arms into their

welcomed us with open arms into their homes imagine this for a second a group

homes imagine this for a second a group

homes imagine this for a second a group of four university students knocking on

of four university students knocking on

of four university students knocking on your door syringe in hand asking if they

your door syringe in hand asking if they

your door syringe in hand asking if they could draw your blood for a malaria

could draw your blood for a malaria

could draw your blood for a malaria trial they were conducting the fate that

trial they were conducting the fate that

trial they were conducting the fate that these villagers had in us is truly

these villagers had in us is truly

these villagers had in us is truly awe-inspiring and motivates me every day

awe-inspiring and motivates me every day

awe-inspiring and motivates me every day to make sure that this technology works

to make sure that this technology works

to make sure that this technology works well and reaches corners of the world

well and reaches corners of the world

well and reaches corners of the world like Monica Mary we learned especially

like Monica Mary we learned especially

like Monica Mary we learned especially lot about these villagers conditions

lot about these villagers conditions

lot about these villagers conditions through a survey we conducted on malaria

through a survey we conducted on malaria

through a survey we conducted on malaria control despite a severe number of cases

control despite a severe number of cases

control despite a severe number of cases in the past and even a few deaths these

in the past and even a few deaths these

in the past and even a few deaths these villagers were surprisingly optimistic

villagers were surprisingly optimistic

villagers were surprisingly optimistic about their situations they told us that

about their situations they told us that

about their situations they told us that the health outpost there was robust it

the health outpost there was robust it

the health outpost there was robust it did a good job in monitoring and

did a good job in monitoring and

did a good job in monitoring and treating their malaria they told us the

treating their malaria they told us the

treating their malaria they told us the community health worker Willi was super

community health worker Willi was super

community health worker Willi was super passionate about their health and we saw

passionate about their health and we saw

passionate about their health and we saw this too Willie was extremely helpful to

this too Willie was extremely helpful to

this too Willie was extremely helpful to us in our endeavors to run this study

us in our endeavors to run this study

us in our endeavors to run this study but they also reminded us that others in

but they also reminded us that others in

but they also reminded us that others in the region aren’t so lucky therefore it

the region aren’t so lucky therefore it

the region aren’t so lucky therefore it is our responsibility as scientists to

is our responsibility as scientists to

is our responsibility as scientists to go to villages like Monica Mary and

go to villages like Monica Mary and

go to villages like Monica Mary and solve problems such as malaria this

solve problems such as malaria this

solve problems such as malaria this coming summer I will be going to India

coming summer I will be going to India

coming summer I will be going to India to the city of Bombay to do a larger

to the city of Bombay to do a larger

to the city of Bombay to do a larger clinical trial in collaboration with the

clinical trial in collaboration with the

clinical trial in collaboration with the technic

technic

technic University there while in India I hope

University there while in India I hope

University there while in India I hope to be able to conduct a larger study to

to be able to conduct a larger study to

to be able to conduct a larger study to show the results in Monica Mary can be

show the results in Monica Mary can be

show the results in Monica Mary can be replicated at an even bigger scale in

replicated at an even bigger scale in

replicated at an even bigger scale in India we find that malaria is also just

India we find that malaria is also just

India we find that malaria is also just as big as a problem as it is in Peru

as big as a problem as it is in Peru

as big as a problem as it is in Peru actually I leave for India tomorrow

actually I leave for India tomorrow

actually I leave for India tomorrow itself

itself

itself tomorrow afternoon to begin these

tomorrow afternoon to begin these

tomorrow afternoon to begin these clinical trials but before I leave I

clinical trials but before I leave I

clinical trials but before I leave I have one request to make from you all

have one request to make from you all

have one request to make from you all think of the impact that science and

think of the impact that science and

think of the impact that science and technology have had in your lives

technology have had in your lives

technology have had in your lives especially in the context of health care

especially in the context of health care

especially in the context of health care from vaccines you received as a young

from vaccines you received as a young

from vaccines you received as a young baby to clean drinking water you get

baby to clean drinking water you get

baby to clean drinking water you get growing up to medications that you have

growing up to medications that you have

growing up to medications that you have because of ailments when you age these

because of ailments when you age these

because of ailments when you age these are necessities in our lives that we

are necessities in our lives that we

are necessities in our lives that we take for granted but these necessities

take for granted but these necessities

take for granted but these necessities are luxuries for millions of people on

are luxuries for millions of people on

are luxuries for millions of people on our planet by investing in the

our planet by investing in the

our planet by investing in the disciplines of science and technology we

disciplines of science and technology we

disciplines of science and technology we can ensure that global progress occurs

can ensure that global progress occurs

can ensure that global progress occurs and we want this progress again to occur

and we want this progress again to occur

and we want this progress again to occur at a global scale drop base

at a global scale drop base

at a global scale drop base microfluidics is just one example of a

microfluidics is just one example of a

microfluidics is just one example of a technology that can help curb the

technology that can help curb the

technology that can help curb the inequities that exist in healthcare as

inequities that exist in healthcare as

inequities that exist in healthcare as just a high school student I was

just a high school student I was

just a high school student I was empowered to create impact I was

empowered to create impact I was

empowered to create impact I was empowered to have difficult yet

empowered to have difficult yet

empowered to have difficult yet attainable goals with your investments

attainable goals with your investments

attainable goals with your investments there can be many more such empowered

there can be many more such empowered

there can be many more such empowered individuals people of any age who strive

individuals people of any age who strive

individuals people of any age who strive to create impact and innovate for our

to create impact and innovate for our

to create impact and innovate for our future generations and by investment I

future generations and by investment I

future generations and by investment I don’t only mean a monetary investment to

don’t only mean a monetary investment to

don’t only mean a monetary investment to a cause that could promote global health

a cause that could promote global health

a cause that could promote global health rather a more valuable investment could

rather a more valuable investment could

rather a more valuable investment could be an education in stem for the students

be an education in stem for the students

be an education in stem for the students out there deeply think about pursuing

out there deeply think about pursuing

out there deeply think about pursuing one of these four disciplines science

one of these four disciplines science

one of these four disciplines science technology engineering mathematics for

technology engineering mathematics for

technology engineering mathematics for the room for global impact is

the room for global impact is

the room for global impact is immeasurable and for the scientists in

immeasurable and for the scientists in

immeasurable and for the scientists in the room we need to work together to

the room we need to work together to

the room we need to work together to make sure that technologies are scalable

make sure that technologies are scalable

make sure that technologies are scalable for everyone investing in science and

for everyone investing in science and

for everyone investing in science and technology is useless if it only helps a

technology is useless if it only helps a

technology is useless if it only helps a few people countries like the US

few people countries like the US

few people countries like the US UK and France they have a tendency to

UK and France they have a tendency to

UK and France they have a tendency to make new and complicated technologies

make new and complicated technologies

make new and complicated technologies and this is great these discoveries are

and this is great these discoveries are

and this is great these discoveries are great don’t get me wrong but it

great don’t get me wrong but it

great don’t get me wrong but it shouldn’t be forgotten that much of the

shouldn’t be forgotten that much of the

shouldn’t be forgotten that much of the world will never be able to have access

world will never be able to have access

world will never be able to have access to this technology before creating a new

to this technology before creating a new

to this technology before creating a new innovation a scientist should take a

innovation a scientist should take a

innovation a scientist should take a minute to think will this technology

minute to think will this technology

minute to think will this technology that exists here today that works well

that exists here today that works well

that exists here today that works well here today does it exist in the rest of

here today does it exist in the rest of

here today does it exist in the rest of the world disparities that exist in

the world disparities that exist in

the world disparities that exist in healthcare are strongly correlated with

healthcare are strongly correlated with

healthcare are strongly correlated with disparities that exists in economic

disparities that exists in economic

disparities that exists in economic equity but remember despite our

equity but remember despite our

equity but remember despite our diversity we are all one life if a

diversity we are all one life if a

diversity we are all one life if a malaria treatment works well here today

malaria treatment works well here today

malaria treatment works well here today it is our moral responsibility to make

it is our moral responsibility to make

it is our moral responsibility to make sure people across the globe have access

sure people across the globe have access

sure people across the globe have access to this treatment and on a related note

to this treatment and on a related note

to this treatment and on a related note we need to make science and medicine

we need to make science and medicine

we need to make science and medicine easy to understand scientists have this

easy to understand scientists have this

easy to understand scientists have this uncanny ability to use scientific jargon

uncanny ability to use scientific jargon

uncanny ability to use scientific jargon and complexity that makes simple

and complexity that makes simple

and complexity that makes simple concepts just so confusing and alien

concepts just so confusing and alien

concepts just so confusing and alien it’s many people for my microphone

it’s many people for my microphone

it’s many people for my microphone explan to work in countries like Peru

explan to work in countries like Peru

explan to work in countries like Peru and India community health workers need

and India community health workers need

and India community health workers need to be able to use it it has to be easy

to be able to use it it has to be easy

to be able to use it it has to be easy to use for it to be scaled to larger

to use for it to be scaled to larger

to use for it to be scaled to larger populations simplicity leads to

populations simplicity leads to

populations simplicity leads to scalability by making technologies that

scalability by making technologies that

scalability by making technologies that are easy to understand we can increase

are easy to understand we can increase

are easy to understand we can increase user engagement and as a result increase

user engagement and as a result increase

user engagement and as a result increase the number of people that can get access

the number of people that can get access

the number of people that can get access to these technologies with your

to these technologies with your

to these technologies with your investments be it in the form of time

investments be it in the form of time

investments be it in the form of time money or education and simple but

money or education and simple but

money or education and simple but scalable technologies we as students

scalable technologies we as students

scalable technologies we as students scientists and everyone else in the room

scientists and everyone else in the room

scientists and everyone else in the room can work together to address the problem

can work together to address the problem

can work together to address the problem of inequities that exist in our globe in

of inequities that exist in our globe in

of inequities that exist in our globe in the context of health care thank you

the context of health care thank you

the context of health care thank you very much

very much

very much you