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Internet’s Abysses | Erwan Keraudy | TEDxÉcolePolytechnique


[Applause]

[Applause] today the Internet has become a vital

today the Internet has become a vital

today the Internet has become a vital tool to survive and it has without any

tool to survive and it has without any

tool to survive and it has without any depth become extremely difficult to

depth become extremely difficult to

depth become extremely difficult to imagine a world without it it is true

imagine a world without it it is true

imagine a world without it it is true that yes was that we have seen many

that yes was that we have seen many

that yes was that we have seen many benefits from the internet but the

benefits from the internet but the

benefits from the internet but the question is how much do we really know

question is how much do we really know

question is how much do we really know about the Internet the depth the safety

about the Internet the depth the safety

about the Internet the depth the safety the privacy is it a giant battlefield

the privacy is it a giant battlefield

the privacy is it a giant battlefield maybe imagine a world that exists

maybe imagine a world that exists

maybe imagine a world that exists beneath the surface of the hurt a world

beneath the surface of the hurt a world

beneath the surface of the hurt a world different from the things we see in

different from the things we see in

different from the things we see in everyday life a vast underground that is

everyday life a vast underground that is

everyday life a vast underground that is bigger than anything we have ever

bigger than anything we have ever

bigger than anything we have ever imagined or seen before a place where

imagined or seen before a place where

imagined or seen before a place where nobody knows about and the place where

nobody knows about and the place where

nobody knows about and the place where you can remain completely anonymous

you can remain completely anonymous

you can remain completely anonymous where you can do and say as you want but

where you can do and say as you want but

where you can do and say as you want but equally this world has a dark side it is

equally this world has a dark side it is

equally this world has a dark side it is also swarming with criminals because of

also swarming with criminals because of

also swarming with criminals because of the anonymity and privacy it is a place

the anonymity and privacy it is a place

the anonymity and privacy it is a place where people could do illegal trades

where people could do illegal trades

where people could do illegal trades well this iDEN world actually exists

well this iDEN world actually exists

well this iDEN world actually exists this is a world of internet this is the

this is a world of internet this is the

this is a world of internet this is the abyss of the Internet we’re going to

abyss of the Internet we’re going to

abyss of the Internet we’re going to discover right now together the Internet

discover right now together the Internet

discover right now together the Internet consists of so much more than we see on

consists of so much more than we see on

consists of so much more than we see on the surface in fact the web as we

the surface in fact the web as we

the surface in fact the web as we actually see it represents only 4% of

actually see it represents only 4% of

actually see it represents only 4% of the networked web pages like we know

the networked web pages like we know

the networked web pages like we know like Google YouTube and so many cute

like Google YouTube and so many cute

like Google YouTube and so many cute kittens no as a lull cat or even new

kittens no as a lull cat or even new

kittens no as a lull cat or even new porn but

porn but

porn but beneath the surface lies the vast

beneath the surface lies the vast

beneath the surface lies the vast digital underground the deep and dark

digital underground the deep and dark

digital underground the deep and dark web it is a place where people can

web it is a place where people can

web it is a place where people can express opinion freely in this anonymous

express opinion freely in this anonymous

express opinion freely in this anonymous community but also a place where drug

community but also a place where drug

community but also a place where drug lords hackers terrorists and also –

lords hackers terrorists and also –

lords hackers terrorists and also – actors can make illegal transactions the

actors can make illegal transactions the

actors can make illegal transactions the truth is on the invisible web you can

truth is on the invisible web you can

truth is on the invisible web you can buy all sort of drugs that you never

buy all sort of drugs that you never

buy all sort of drugs that you never even knew existed before you can buy

even knew existed before you can buy

even knew existed before you can buy weapons that you have already only ever

weapons that you have already only ever

weapons that you have already only ever seen in the Jason Bourne movie you can

seen in the Jason Bourne movie you can

seen in the Jason Bourne movie you can even buy as many stolen credit cards as

even buy as many stolen credit cards as

even buy as many stolen credit cards as you want for little of $5 per credit

you want for little of $5 per credit

you want for little of $5 per credit card a to pay your weapon all of this

card a to pay your weapon all of this

card a to pay your weapon all of this illegal activity can be done behind

illegal activity can be done behind

illegal activity can be done behind computer screen in the comfort of your

computer screen in the comfort of your

computer screen in the comfort of your own home sitting in your sofa it’s so

own home sitting in your sofa it’s so

own home sitting in your sofa it’s so simple and I have not even begun to talk

simple and I have not even begun to talk

simple and I have not even begun to talk about the accessibility of child porn or

about the accessibility of child porn or

about the accessibility of child porn or obtaining its men to kill your worst

obtaining its men to kill your worst

obtaining its men to kill your worst enemy yes it is possible

enemy yes it is possible

enemy yes it is possible you think this is already a nightmare

you think this is already a nightmare

you think this is already a nightmare this is just the level one of the duck

this is just the level one of the duck

this is just the level one of the duck internet I propose to dive deeper let’s

internet I propose to dive deeper let’s

internet I propose to dive deeper let’s talk about the wonderful and magical

talk about the wonderful and magical

talk about the wonderful and magical world of the Internet of Things Wow

world of the Internet of Things Wow

world of the Internet of Things Wow looks fancier is very simple to define

looks fancier is very simple to define

looks fancier is very simple to define the Internet of Things as a network of

the Internet of Things as a network of

the Internet of Things as a network of physical objects that are connected to

physical objects that are connected to

physical objects that are connected to the Internet the companies will sell

the Internet the companies will sell

the Internet the companies will sell this kind of device you know they will

this kind of device you know they will

this kind of device you know they will they will try to sell you as a story

they will try to sell you as a story

they will try to sell you as a story that look this connected what will

that look this connected what will

that look this connected what will change your life wow this is a

change your life wow this is a

change your life wow this is a never-ending flow of more and more

never-ending flow of more and more

never-ending flow of more and more connected device every day’s today’s

connected device every day’s today’s

connected device every day’s today’s example your smartphone your phone can

example your smartphone your phone can

example your smartphone your phone can no track exactly

no track exactly

no track exactly where you are it can monitor your sleep

where you are it can monitor your sleep

where you are it can monitor your sleep patterns and how many steps have you

patterns and how many steps have you

patterns and how many steps have you made during the day your watch can

made during the day your watch can

made during the day your watch can measure the temperature of any room you

measure the temperature of any room you

measure the temperature of any room you are here or monitor your Abbot it taught

are here or monitor your Abbot it taught

are here or monitor your Abbot it taught all your personal life it stores your

all your personal life it stores your

all your personal life it stores your life tomorrow your fridge will be able

life tomorrow your fridge will be able

life tomorrow your fridge will be able to share what you are eating your TV

to share what you are eating your TV

to share what you are eating your TV will share what you are watching and so

will share what you are watching and so

will share what you are watching and so on and imagination of connected devices

on and imagination of connected devices

on and imagination of connected devices is the limit but in fact we sit unused

is the limit but in fact we sit unused

is the limit but in fact we sit unused vulnerability because all of these

vulnerability because all of these

vulnerability because all of these devices are usually unsecured by design

devices are usually unsecured by design

devices are usually unsecured by design it is a wonderful playground playground

it is a wonderful playground playground

it is a wonderful playground playground for occurs would like to play with it as

for occurs would like to play with it as

for occurs would like to play with it as you ever imagine somebody spying on you

you ever imagine somebody spying on you

you ever imagine somebody spying on you through the webcam of your laptop if you

through the webcam of your laptop if you

through the webcam of your laptop if you connect a webcam just for information

connect a webcam just for information

connect a webcam just for information you can wait only 6 second if you

you can wait only 6 second if you

you can wait only 6 second if you collect a webcam directly to the

collect a webcam directly to the

collect a webcam directly to the Internet you can wait at least 6 second

Internet you can wait at least 6 second

Internet you can wait at least 6 second and it will start to be infected by

and it will start to be infected by

and it will start to be infected by malware Snowden documents it was not

malware Snowden documents it was not

malware Snowden documents it was not them prove that government has induced

them prove that government has induced

them prove that government has induced realised the process and can take snap

realised the process and can take snap

realised the process and can take snap of your face from your computer through

of your face from your computer through

of your face from your computer through your webcam as soon as it connected to

your webcam as soon as it connected to

your webcam as soon as it connected to the web it has even a nickname it’s

the web it has even a nickname it’s

the web it has even a nickname it’s called optic nerve program you can check

called optic nerve program you can check

called optic nerve program you can check on Wikipedia if you want so don’t forget

on Wikipedia if you want so don’t forget

on Wikipedia if you want so don’t forget to smile the next time you are in front

to smile the next time you are in front

to smile the next time you are in front of your webcam hello there is no an

of your webcam hello there is no an

of your webcam hello there is no an unlimited capacity to connect things to

unlimited capacity to connect things to

unlimited capacity to connect things to the Internet making us more vulnerable

the Internet making us more vulnerable

the Internet making us more vulnerable to attack a king comes in many forms and

to attack a king comes in many forms and

to attack a king comes in many forms and it is done for many reason can you

it is done for many reason can you

it is done for many reason can you imagine reasons money activism terrorism

imagine reasons money activism terrorism

imagine reasons money activism terrorism even low-skill teenager malevolent Acker

even low-skill teenager malevolent Acker

even low-skill teenager malevolent Acker as the ability to conduct

as the ability to conduct

as the ability to conduct most descriptive and severe activities

most descriptive and severe activities

most descriptive and severe activities that you can have a massive impact the

that you can have a massive impact the

that you can have a massive impact the first example I will I will give is a

first example I will I will give is a

first example I will I will give is a cyber attack using the internet of sink

cyber attack using the internet of sink

cyber attack using the internet of sink the so called connected device so fancy

the so called connected device so fancy

the so called connected device so fancy word right now as a vector on of attacks

word right now as a vector on of attacks

word right now as a vector on of attacks it is called Mirai attack maybe you

it is called Mirai attack maybe you

it is called Mirai attack maybe you heard about it

heard about it

heard about it the Mirai is a malware which infect

the Mirai is a malware which infect

the Mirai is a malware which infect devices like webcam or personal Reuters

devices like webcam or personal Reuters

devices like webcam or personal Reuters the one you have at home exactly the

the one you have at home exactly the

the one you have at home exactly the same and turning these devices into

same and turning these devices into

same and turning these devices into zombies but they are still working as

zombies but they are still working as

zombies but they are still working as normal you will notice anything this

normal you will notice anything this

normal you will notice anything this zombies called

zombies called

zombies called a botnet simply await orders to attack

a botnet simply await orders to attack

a botnet simply await orders to attack specify a specific designated target and

specify a specific designated target and

specify a specific designated target and it works it works very well and you know

it works it works very well and you know

it works it works very well and you know what it even disrupted the internet for

what it even disrupted the internet for

what it even disrupted the internet for 10 hours in North America last October

10 hours in North America last October

10 hours in North America last October just some few months ago making sites

just some few months ago making sites

just some few months ago making sites like Amazon Twitter Facebook and CNN and

like Amazon Twitter Facebook and CNN and

like Amazon Twitter Facebook and CNN and accessible essentially this was an

accessible essentially this was an

accessible essentially this was an attack using consumer products in order

attack using consumer products in order

attack using consumer products in order to break the internet we can easily

to break the internet we can easily

to break the internet we can easily imagine tomorrow your unsecured

imagine tomorrow your unsecured

imagine tomorrow your unsecured connected TV or your unsecured connected

connected TV or your unsecured connected

connected TV or your unsecured connected fridge attacking the SBI web sites we

fridge attacking the SBI web sites we

fridge attacking the SBI web sites we will be responsible you or your fridge

will be responsible you or your fridge

will be responsible you or your fridge in January 2010 the world’s first

in January 2010 the world’s first

in January 2010 the world’s first digital weapon was released it was

digital weapon was released it was

digital weapon was released it was called Stuxnet stacks nets caused

called Stuxnet stacks nets caused

called Stuxnet stacks nets caused physical destruction of an Iranian

physical destruction of an Iranian

physical destruction of an Iranian nuclear power plant since these

nuclear power plant since these

nuclear power plant since these technical capacities have been developed

technical capacities have been developed

technical capacities have been developed and automated significantly it can now

and automated significantly it can now

and automated significantly it can now infect systems throughout the world

infect systems throughout the world

infect systems throughout the world six years later Stuxnet automation after

six years later Stuxnet automation after

six years later Stuxnet automation after automation it is now possible that any

automation it is now possible that any

automation it is now possible that any government agency can now literally shut

government agency can now literally shut

government agency can now literally shut down any critical infrastructure of any

down any critical infrastructure of any

down any critical infrastructure of any country at any time in the US for

country at any time in the US for

country at any time in the US for example

example

example it’s called agenda the agenda program is

it’s called agenda the agenda program is

it’s called agenda the agenda program is a scanning service that searches for

a scanning service that searches for

a scanning service that searches for open ports

open ports

open ports on all public facing servers all over

on all public facing servers all over

on all public facing servers all over the world this program is used to make

the world this program is used to make

the world this program is used to make intelligence or disrupt an entire

intelligence or disrupt an entire

intelligence or disrupt an entire country’s infrastructure

country’s infrastructure

country’s infrastructure most recently Russians allegedly act the

most recently Russians allegedly act the

most recently Russians allegedly act the u.s. presidential election you heard

u.s. presidential election you heard

u.s. presidential election you heard about that probably if it’s true this

about that probably if it’s true this

about that probably if it’s true this cyber attack would become a huge threat

cyber attack would become a huge threat

cyber attack would become a huge threat again democratic process but in response

again democratic process but in response

again democratic process but in response it has been confirmed that the US has

it has been confirmed that the US has

it has been confirmed that the US has penetrated Russia’s electrical grid I

penetrated Russia’s electrical grid I

penetrated Russia’s electrical grid I think this poor give a country the

think this poor give a country the

think this poor give a country the capacity to switch off the electricity

capacity to switch off the electricity

capacity to switch off the electricity of another country in December so

of another country in December so

of another country in December so January it’s a middle of the winter now

January it’s a middle of the winter now

January it’s a middle of the winter now can you imagine the implication it would

can you imagine the implication it would

can you imagine the implication it would have on civilians tensions are

have on civilians tensions are

have on civilians tensions are escalating very quickly this is the best

escalating very quickly this is the best

escalating very quickly this is the best and the most recent example on how cyber

and the most recent example on how cyber

and the most recent example on how cyber warfare can have a significant impact on

warfare can have a significant impact on

warfare can have a significant impact on real life life of people life of

real life life of people life of

real life life of people life of civilians please do not have a nervous

civilians please do not have a nervous

civilians please do not have a nervous breakdown I feel you a little bit stress

breakdown I feel you a little bit stress

breakdown I feel you a little bit stress came down we will find a solution

came down we will find a solution

came down we will find a solution together I hope so

together I hope so

together I hope so the Internet has a strong capacity to

the Internet has a strong capacity to

the Internet has a strong capacity to deliver positive positive results it has

deliver positive positive results it has

deliver positive positive results it has the ability to provide free knowledge

the ability to provide free knowledge

the ability to provide free knowledge education and growth to millions of

education and growth to millions of

education and growth to millions of people in the world let’s take one

people in the world let’s take one

people in the world let’s take one example and the most beautiful thing in

example and the most beautiful thing in

example and the most beautiful thing in the world knowledge in the Middle Ages

the world knowledge in the Middle Ages

the world knowledge in the Middle Ages it would have taken someone a lifetime

it would have taken someone a lifetime

it would have taken someone a lifetime to create one encyclopedia Wikipedia

to create one encyclopedia Wikipedia

to create one encyclopedia Wikipedia is equivalent to 17,000 and cyclopædia

is equivalent to 17,000 and cyclopædia

is equivalent to 17,000 and cyclopædia and only took 15 years to create it

and only took 15 years to create it

and only took 15 years to create it represents the largest encyclopedia that

represents the largest encyclopedia that

represents the largest encyclopedia that has ever been created

has ever been created

has ever been created since the beginning of the humanity and

since the beginning of the humanity and

since the beginning of the humanity and it is freely accessible thousands of

it is freely accessible thousands of

it is freely accessible thousands of people are able to contribute to these

people are able to contribute to these

people are able to contribute to these articles and billions of people are able

articles and billions of people are able

articles and billions of people are able to learn with Wikipedia and it is all

to learn with Wikipedia and it is all

to learn with Wikipedia and it is all thanks to the web and it’s wonderful

thanks to the web and it’s wonderful

thanks to the web and it’s wonderful capacity to connect people and devices

capacity to connect people and devices

capacity to connect people and devices the Internet has so much power and it is

the Internet has so much power and it is

the Internet has so much power and it is evolving constantly

evolving constantly

evolving constantly it has the ability to do the good but

it has the ability to do the good but

it has the ability to do the good but also to do the bad in real life with the

also to do the bad in real life with the

also to do the bad in real life with the imagine with the old-school method a

imagine with the old-school method a

imagine with the old-school method a criminal may as the ability to plan an

criminal may as the ability to plan an

criminal may as the ability to plan an attack on a bank and robbed money from

attack on a bank and robbed money from

attack on a bank and robbed money from the bank counter but well c’mon

the bank counter but well c’mon

the bank counter but well c’mon this would require a lot of planning and

this would require a lot of planning and

this would require a lot of planning and will only affect one bank and only some

will only affect one bank and only some

will only affect one bank and only some customers of the tank and at the end the

customers of the tank and at the end the

customers of the tank and at the end the guy have a probability to be code

guy have a probability to be code

guy have a probability to be code however with internet ah the criminal

however with internet ah the criminal

however with internet ah the criminal now have the potential to steal a lot of

now have the potential to steal a lot of

now have the potential to steal a lot of money and sell thousand of stolen credit

money and sell thousand of stolen credit

money and sell thousand of stolen credit cards at the same time online and

cards at the same time online and

cards at the same time online and probably have much lesser chance of

probably have much lesser chance of

probably have much lesser chance of getting code asymmetry essentially

getting code asymmetry essentially

getting code asymmetry essentially Internet can allows industry realization

Internet can allows industry realization

Internet can allows industry realization of knowledge but it can also

of knowledge but it can also

of knowledge but it can also industrialize the criminality right in

industrialize the criminality right in

industrialize the criminality right in front of our eyes a war is happening it

front of our eyes a war is happening it

front of our eyes a war is happening it is a cyber war is not even a question

is a cyber war is not even a question

is a cyber war is not even a question it’s a fact cyber is now considered as a

it’s a fact cyber is now considered as a

it’s a fact cyber is now considered as a fifth domain of warfare by NATO along

fifth domain of warfare by NATO along

fifth domain of warfare by NATO along with land here sea and space with land

with land here sea and space with land

with land here sea and space with land air sea and space this traditional form

air sea and space this traditional form

air sea and space this traditional form of war and the rules of engagement has

of war and the rules of engagement has

of war and the rules of engagement has been defined for centuries since people

been defined for centuries since people

been defined for centuries since people do war real war and these definitions

do war real war and these definitions

do war real war and these definitions are widely accepted

are widely accepted

are widely accepted but there is no straightforward

but there is no straightforward

but there is no straightforward definition in the cyber world this is a

definition in the cyber world this is a

definition in the cyber world this is a problem the lines have been completely

problem the lines have been completely

problem the lines have been completely blurred and this is why there is so much

blurred and this is why there is so much

blurred and this is why there is so much disorder we now need to redefine

disorder we now need to redefine

disorder we now need to redefine everything I’m going to ask you some

everything I’m going to ask you some

everything I’m going to ask you some question what is the definition of a

question what is the definition of a

question what is the definition of a stealing on the internet what is the

stealing on the internet what is the

stealing on the internet what is the definition of property on the Internet

definition of property on the Internet

definition of property on the Internet what part of the internet belongs to

what part of the internet belongs to

what part of the internet belongs to which country how do you define a breach

which country how do you define a breach

which country how do you define a breach in national sovereignty on the Internet

in national sovereignty on the Internet

in national sovereignty on the Internet and maybe the last and most ridiculous

and maybe the last and most ridiculous

and maybe the last and most ridiculous question what is the attack on the

question what is the attack on the

question what is the attack on the internet we have to redefine everything

internet we have to redefine everything

internet we have to redefine everything formal definition do not work this lack

formal definition do not work this lack

formal definition do not work this lack of definitions create tensions between

of definitions create tensions between

of definitions create tensions between nations and it is a scale escalating

nations and it is a scale escalating

nations and it is a scale escalating quickly and already any war on the

quickly and already any war on the

quickly and already any war on the ground is accompanied by cyber sabotage

ground is accompanied by cyber sabotage

ground is accompanied by cyber sabotage set in the same time

set in the same time

set in the same time cyber warfare has the ability to create

cyber warfare has the ability to create

cyber warfare has the ability to create weapons of mass destruction and even

weapons of mass destruction and even

weapons of mass destruction and even destroyed nations until we define the

destroyed nations until we define the

destroyed nations until we define the rules we cannot move forward for

rules we cannot move forward for

rules we cannot move forward for peaceful resolution of this problem

to be completely clear the internet

to be completely clear the internet should not be a battlefield with no

should not be a battlefield with no

should not be a battlefield with no rules where only the strongest survive n

rules where only the strongest survive n

rules where only the strongest survive n stein said I don’t know with what

stein said I don’t know with what

stein said I don’t know with what weapons World War 3 with beef will be

weapons World War 3 with beef will be

weapons World War 3 with beef will be thought but World War 4 will be fought

thought but World War 4 will be fought

thought but World War 4 will be fought with thick and stone meaning this war we

with thick and stone meaning this war we

with thick and stone meaning this war we are seeing right now in front of our

are seeing right now in front of our

are seeing right now in front of our eyes could have the power to ultimately

eyes could have the power to ultimately

eyes could have the power to ultimately destroy the mankind like in a real

destroy the mankind like in a real

destroy the mankind like in a real civilized life people or countries

civilized life people or countries

civilized life people or countries should not have the right to fight back

should not have the right to fight back

should not have the right to fight back or to act

or to act

or to act back without any rules of engagement or

back without any rules of engagement or

back without any rules of engagement or possibility to have a litigation or try

possibility to have a litigation or try

possibility to have a litigation or try to resolve problem through maybe

to resolve problem through maybe

to resolve problem through maybe diplomacy or try to plead it’s code to

diplomacy or try to plead it’s code to

diplomacy or try to plead it’s code to you maybe to the United Nations before

you maybe to the United Nations before

you maybe to the United Nations before to start a war maybe you can go to

to start a war maybe you can go to

to start a war maybe you can go to United Nation and toll together and at

United Nation and toll together and at

United Nation and toll together and at the beginning it’s simply a question of

the beginning it’s simply a question of

the beginning it’s simply a question of definition and wishes my view is that

definition and wishes my view is that

definition and wishes my view is that giving precise definition is the

giving precise definition is the

giving precise definition is the necessary first step towards creating a

necessary first step towards creating a

necessary first step towards creating a more a more peaceful Internet it will be

more a more peaceful Internet it will be

more a more peaceful Internet it will be my conclusion so instead of watching

my conclusion so instead of watching

my conclusion so instead of watching people build capacities to create cyber

people build capacities to create cyber

people build capacities to create cyber war we must all together take action to

war we must all together take action to

war we must all together take action to build a cyber peace thank you very much

build a cyber peace thank you very much

build a cyber peace thank you very much [Applause]

”

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