I’ve always loved physics and high school I took honors physics as a
school I took honors physics as a
school I took honors physics as a freshman in AP Physics B as a senior
freshman in AP Physics B as a senior
freshman in AP Physics B as a senior both my teachers Matthew Mormon and
both my teachers Matthew Mormon and
both my teachers Matthew Mormon and Cynthia redditor were incredible people
Cynthia redditor were incredible people
Cynthia redditor were incredible people just the sweetest
just the sweetest
just the sweetest I finally remember my favorite
I finally remember my favorite
I finally remember my favorite experiment which was sucking up to them
experiment which was sucking up to them
experiment which was sucking up to them for higher grades and it worked I got
for higher grades and it worked I got
for higher grades and it worked I got into USC but what I loved about physics
into USC but what I loved about physics
into USC but what I loved about physics is realizing how little we really knew
is realizing how little we really knew
is realizing how little we really knew about this world
about this world
about this world sure Newton’s laws would explain why my
sure Newton’s laws would explain why my
sure Newton’s laws would explain why my hair keeps falling down but with each
hair keeps falling down but with each
hair keeps falling down but with each new theory and each new experiment I
new theory and each new experiment I
new theory and each new experiment I realized how little truth we really knew
realized how little truth we really knew
realized how little truth we really knew and how much was left for scientists to
and how much was left for scientists to
and how much was left for scientists to discover but while I never wanted to be
discover but while I never wanted to be
discover but while I never wanted to be a physicist because those lab coats are
a physicist because those lab coats are
a physicist because those lab coats are not cute the mentality of searching for
not cute the mentality of searching for
not cute the mentality of searching for hidden truths stayed with me so I became
hidden truths stayed with me so I became
hidden truths stayed with me so I became a journalist I enrolled at USC in the
a journalist I enrolled at USC in the
a journalist I enrolled at USC in the fall of 2014 and immediately started my
fall of 2014 and immediately started my
fall of 2014 and immediately started my journalism career since then I haven’t
journalism career since then I haven’t
journalism career since then I haven’t done much but host a couple of
done much but host a couple of
done much but host a couple of entertainment shows and produce a few
entertainment shows and produce a few
entertainment shows and produce a few popular videos but I told my dad this
popular videos but I told my dad this
popular videos but I told my dad this degree would pay off so hopefully this
degree would pay off so hopefully this
degree would pay off so hopefully this TEDx talk means something to him
TEDx talk means something to him
TEDx talk means something to him journalists like physicists seek to
journalists like physicists seek to
journalists like physicists seek to explain the way things are and how they
explain the way things are and how they
explain the way things are and how they came to be you know like the Oscars the
came to be you know like the Oscars the
came to be you know like the Oscars the mix-up when the wrong movie was
mix-up when the wrong movie was
mix-up when the wrong movie was announced as Best Picture how did that
announced as Best Picture how did that
announced as Best Picture how did that happen
happen
happen or Kendall Jenner’s recent Pepsi
or Kendall Jenner’s recent Pepsi
or Kendall Jenner’s recent Pepsi commercial why
or the us’s recent airstrikes in Syria
or the us’s recent airstrikes in Syria what happens next but this year I
what happens next but this year I
what happens next but this year I realize that journalists and physicists
realize that journalists and physicists
realize that journalists and physicists are more alike than I’d like just
are more alike than I’d like just
are more alike than I’d like just because the experts say so doesn’t mean
because the experts say so doesn’t mean
because the experts say so doesn’t mean the people will believe so this past
the people will believe so this past
the people will believe so this past year I realized that everyone has an
year I realized that everyone has an
year I realized that everyone has an issue with the media some more than
issue with the media some more than
issue with the media some more than others but I’ve seen every complaint
others but I’ve seen every complaint
others but I’ve seen every complaint from it’s too biased to it’s too liberal
from it’s too biased to it’s too liberal
from it’s too biased to it’s too liberal to fake news media knowingly doesn’t
to fake news media knowingly doesn’t
to fake news media knowingly doesn’t tell the truth a great danger to our
tell the truth a great danger to our
tell the truth a great danger to our country sad and sad indeed but I get it
country sad and sad indeed but I get it
country sad and sad indeed but I get it you know when we look at the media
you know when we look at the media
you know when we look at the media industry it looks like a cesspool of
industry it looks like a cesspool of
industry it looks like a cesspool of different issues there is media bias
different issues there is media bias
different issues there is media bias fake news the 24/7 cycle of Kardashian
fake news the 24/7 cycle of Kardashian
fake news the 24/7 cycle of Kardashian coverage it’s just gross but many of us
coverage it’s just gross but many of us
coverage it’s just gross but many of us have started wondering whether we really
have started wondering whether we really
have started wondering whether we really need the news myself included but that’s
need the news myself included but that’s
need the news myself included but that’s the best place to start before we can
the best place to start before we can
the best place to start before we can figure out how we can fix the problems
figure out how we can fix the problems
figure out how we can fix the problems with its within this industry we have to
with its within this industry we have to
with its within this industry we have to ask ourselves the most basic question do
ask ourselves the most basic question do
ask ourselves the most basic question do we even need the news and should we
we even need the news and should we
we even need the news and should we trust the news because if we shouldn’t
trust the news because if we shouldn’t
trust the news because if we shouldn’t trust the news and none of this matters
trust the news and none of this matters
trust the news and none of this matters and I wanted to wish it refund but if we
and I wanted to wish it refund but if we
and I wanted to wish it refund but if we should trust the news then this industry
should trust the news then this industry
should trust the news then this industry is something worth fighting for
is something worth fighting for
is something worth fighting for something worth fixing my favorite
something worth fixing my favorite
something worth fixing my favorite physicist Neil deGrasse Tyson once
physicist Neil deGrasse Tyson once
physicist Neil deGrasse Tyson once tweeted I dream of a world where the
tweeted I dream of a world where the
tweeted I dream of a world where the truth is what shapes people’s politics
truth is what shapes people’s politics
truth is what shapes people’s politics rather than politics shape in what
rather than politics shape in what
rather than politics shape in what people think is true we need to learn
people think is true we need to learn
people think is true we need to learn how to differentiate fact from fiction
how to differentiate fact from fiction
how to differentiate fact from fiction and truth from opinion the truth is out
and truth from opinion the truth is out
and truth from opinion the truth is out there you just have to put aside our
there you just have to put aside our
there you just have to put aside our biases to see it now I’ve had at least
biases to see it now I’ve had at least
biases to see it now I’ve had at least five mental breakdowns writing this
five mental breakdowns writing this
five mental breakdowns writing this speech because there are so many issues
speech because there are so many issues
speech because there are so many issues with the media that need fixing and I
with the media that need fixing and I
with the media that need fixing and I didn’t know where to start
didn’t know where to start
didn’t know where to start like I touched on before plenty of media
like I touched on before plenty of media
like I touched on before plenty of media organizations have their own inherent
organizations have their own inherent
organizations have their own inherent biases you know they claim to be
biases you know they claim to be
biases you know they claim to be objective but really their only
objective but really their only
objective but really their only objective is to
objective is to
objective is to progress or conserve their values in the
progress or conserve their values in the
progress or conserve their values in the fall we saw what happens when news
fall we saw what happens when news
fall we saw what happens when news organizations rely on holes more than
organizations rely on holes more than
organizations rely on holes more than people and the data isn’t always
people and the data isn’t always
people and the data isn’t always accurate of course there’s also fake
accurate of course there’s also fake
accurate of course there’s also fake news and the reluctance for news to
news and the reluctance for news to
news and the reluctance for news to redact information and don’t get me
redact information and don’t get me
redact information and don’t get me started on media consolidation now I
started on media consolidation now I
started on media consolidation now I promised myself I wasn’t going to talk
promised myself I wasn’t going to talk
promised myself I wasn’t going to talk about how in 1980 ninety percent of the
about how in 1980 ninety percent of the
about how in 1980 ninety percent of the media was controlled by over 50
media was controlled by over 50
media was controlled by over 50 companies and now that same 90 percent
companies and now that same 90 percent
companies and now that same 90 percent is controlled by six companies no I’m
is controlled by six companies no I’m
is controlled by six companies no I’m not going to talk about how the
not going to talk about how the
not going to talk about how the Telecommunications Act of 1996 allow
Telecommunications Act of 1996 allow
Telecommunications Act of 1996 allow these companies to monopolize the market
these companies to monopolize the market
these companies to monopolize the market I’m not going to go there what I did
I’m not going to go there what I did
I’m not going to go there what I did want to talk about is something that we
want to talk about is something that we
want to talk about is something that we do have control over you know our power
do have control over you know our power
do have control over you know our power as news consumers that we have over the
as news consumers that we have over the
as news consumers that we have over the media is trust and accountability we
media is trust and accountability we
media is trust and accountability we demand our journalists to be fair and
demand our journalists to be fair and
demand our journalists to be fair and accurate and we demand our journalists
accurate and we demand our journalists
accurate and we demand our journalists tell the truth but a recent Gallup poll
tell the truth but a recent Gallup poll
tell the truth but a recent Gallup poll found that only 32 percent of us trust
found that only 32 percent of us trust
found that only 32 percent of us trust the media it’s like this size of the
the media it’s like this size of the
the media it’s like this size of the room it’s the lowest it’s ever been our
room it’s the lowest it’s ever been our
room it’s the lowest it’s ever been our trust in the news was at its highest in
trust in the news was at its highest in
trust in the news was at its highest in 1976 when 72% of us trusted journalists
1976 when 72% of us trusted journalists
1976 when 72% of us trusted journalists like Walter Cronkite for their
like Walter Cronkite for their
like Walter Cronkite for their investigations into the Watergate
investigations into the Watergate
investigations into the Watergate scandal in the Vietnam War
scandal in the Vietnam War
scandal in the Vietnam War Cronkite for a time was even known as
Cronkite for a time was even known as
Cronkite for a time was even known as the most trusted man in America of
the most trusted man in America of
the most trusted man in America of course until this year when Donald Trump
course until this year when Donald Trump
course until this year when Donald Trump came along I’m just kidding
came along I’m just kidding
came along I’m just kidding but while we like to blame fake news and
but while we like to blame fake news and
but while we like to blame fake news and the Kardashian Empire for every single
the Kardashian Empire for every single
the Kardashian Empire for every single issue in this country ultimately it’s
issue in this country ultimately it’s
issue in this country ultimately it’s our tendency to only believe news that
our tendency to only believe news that
our tendency to only believe news that supports our politics that leads to this
supports our politics that leads to this
supports our politics that leads to this media distrust we let our politics shape
media distrust we let our politics shape
media distrust we let our politics shape what we think is true
this past Christmas I was lucky enough
this past Christmas I was lucky enough to go to Thailand with my family except
to go to Thailand with my family except
to go to Thailand with my family except for one brother and my sister but I
for one brother and my sister but I
for one brother and my sister but I guess it sucks for them anyways
guess it sucks for them anyways
guess it sucks for them anyways I was really looking forward to getting
I was really looking forward to getting
I was really looking forward to getting away from the stresses of the annenberg
away from the stresses of the annenberg
away from the stresses of the annenberg Media Center and just relaxing and
Media Center and just relaxing and
Media Center and just relaxing and tanning and ordering drinks on my dad’s
tanning and ordering drinks on my dad’s
tanning and ordering drinks on my dad’s card when he wasn’t looking it was gonna
card when he wasn’t looking it was gonna
card when he wasn’t looking it was gonna be the best but for some reason I had
be the best but for some reason I had
be the best but for some reason I had the grand old idea of bringing up the
the grand old idea of bringing up the
the grand old idea of bringing up the recent election on our second day of
recent election on our second day of
recent election on our second day of lunch you know I asked my parents they
lunch you know I asked my parents they
lunch you know I asked my parents they were surprised at the results and then I
were surprised at the results and then I
were surprised at the results and then I heard a prepubescent soft voice whisper
heard a prepubescent soft voice whisper
heard a prepubescent soft voice whisper in my ear
in my ear
in my ear what about Hillary’s emails drew and I
what about Hillary’s emails drew and I
what about Hillary’s emails drew and I looked at my little brother and I said
looked at my little brother and I said
looked at my little brother and I said what about them Jacob he said she broke
what about them Jacob he said she broke
what about them Jacob he said she broke the law drew she’s a criminal and you
the law drew she’s a criminal and you
the law drew she’s a criminal and you know I kind of just squinted at him you
know I kind of just squinted at him you
know I kind of just squinted at him you know like wondering what I was gonna do
know like wondering what I was gonna do
know like wondering what I was gonna do but he went off into how you know she
but he went off into how you know she
but he went off into how you know she has like a personal assassin and that
has like a personal assassin and that
has like a personal assassin and that Russia basically didn’t even know we
Russia basically didn’t even know we
Russia basically didn’t even know we were having an election and I asked him
were having an election and I asked him
were having an election and I asked him I said where are you getting this
I said where are you getting this
I said where are you getting this information from and he said Breitbart
information from and he said Breitbart
information from and he said Breitbart and some thread on reddit called like
and some thread on reddit called like
and some thread on reddit called like the Donald or something but nothing else
the Donald or something but nothing else
the Donald or something but nothing else and I asked him why he doesn’t read
and I asked him why he doesn’t read
and I asked him why he doesn’t read anything else and he said there’s a
anything else and he said there’s a
anything else and he said there’s a liberal conspiracy out there you can’t
liberal conspiracy out there you can’t
liberal conspiracy out there you can’t trust the media know oh there’s my
trust the media know oh there’s my
trust the media know oh there’s my Thailand pictures by the way we’re going
Thailand pictures by the way we’re going
Thailand pictures by the way we’re going to show that that’s my brother in the
to show that that’s my brother in the
to show that that’s my brother in the middle but now I’m not here to judge
middle but now I’m not here to judge
middle but now I’m not here to judge where we get our news from you know
where we get our news from you know
where we get our news from you know sometimes traditional outlets like the
sometimes traditional outlets like the
sometimes traditional outlets like the New York Times and CNN can get it wrong
New York Times and CNN can get it wrong
New York Times and CNN can get it wrong and sometimes smaller outlets like the
and sometimes smaller outlets like the
and sometimes smaller outlets like the blaze and the tab can get it right but
blaze and the tab can get it right but
blaze and the tab can get it right but at a time when conspiracy theorists how
at a time when conspiracy theorists how
at a time when conspiracy theorists how push their way into the mainstream and
push their way into the mainstream and
push their way into the mainstream and anyone can be a source of news on the
anyone can be a source of news on the
anyone can be a source of news on the Internet
Internet
Internet it’s more important now than ever that
it’s more important now than ever that
it’s more important now than ever that we can differentiate fact from fiction
we can differentiate fact from fiction
we can differentiate fact from fiction so I’m going to take a second to settle
so I’m going to take a second to settle
so I’m going to take a second to settle a few disputed facts from the media
a few disputed facts from the media
a few disputed facts from the media the first is global warming is real and
the first is global warming is real and
the first is global warming is real and human activity is a main contributor to
human activity is a main contributor to
human activity is a main contributor to the problem – Russia did interfere in
the problem – Russia did interfere in
the problem – Russia did interfere in our election but they didn’t physically
our election but they didn’t physically
our election but they didn’t physically manipulate the polls and three Lindsay
manipulate the polls and three Lindsay
manipulate the polls and three Lindsay Lohan deserves to come back there I said
Lohan deserves to come back there I said
Lohan deserves to come back there I said it okay we all agree right thank you
it okay we all agree right thank you
it okay we all agree right thank you now I’m sure we’ve all heard of the term
now I’m sure we’ve all heard of the term
now I’m sure we’ve all heard of the term bubbles right now I’m not talking about
bubbles right now I’m not talking about
bubbles right now I’m not talking about that hot new drug on the row I’m kidding
that hot new drug on the row I’m kidding
that hot new drug on the row I’m kidding the keas I’m talking about news bubbles
the keas I’m talking about news bubbles
the keas I’m talking about news bubbles and filter bubbles you know our tendency
and filter bubbles you know our tendency
and filter bubbles you know our tendency to only seek out news that validates our
to only seek out news that validates our
to only seek out news that validates our political beliefs you know I’m sure
political beliefs you know I’m sure
political beliefs you know I’m sure we’ve all heard this term before so I’m
we’ve all heard this term before so I’m
we’ve all heard this term before so I’m not going to get too much into the
not going to get too much into the
not going to get too much into the causes of the problem a bit because we
causes of the problem a bit because we
causes of the problem a bit because we really can’t control what appears on our
really can’t control what appears on our
really can’t control what appears on our social media feed unless we you know
social media feed unless we you know
social media feed unless we you know click on different articles but I do
click on different articles but I do
click on different articles but I do want to talk about what happens when we
want to talk about what happens when we
want to talk about what happens when we live in these bubbles we develop two
live in these bubbles we develop two
live in these bubbles we develop two biases the first is false confirmation
biases the first is false confirmation
biases the first is false confirmation bias we think that everyone around us in
bias we think that everyone around us in
bias we think that everyone around us in our bubble thinks the same way as us you
our bubble thinks the same way as us you
our bubble thinks the same way as us you know like we all agree Britney Spears is
know like we all agree Britney Spears is
know like we all agree Britney Spears is the princess of pop it hurts them knows
the princess of pop it hurts them knows
the princess of pop it hurts them knows okay well then um it explains why many
okay well then um it explains why many
okay well then um it explains why many of us were shocked and surprised at the
of us were shocked and surprised at the
of us were shocked and surprised at the results of this year’s election you know
results of this year’s election you know
results of this year’s election you know it’s no secret that we live in a liberal
it’s no secret that we live in a liberal
it’s no secret that we live in a liberal state and we’re on a liberal campus and
state and we’re on a liberal campus and
state and we’re on a liberal campus and we probably read liberal sources and
we probably read liberal sources and
we probably read liberal sources and talked about them with our liberal
talked about them with our liberal
talked about them with our liberal friends or you know we read conservative
friends or you know we read conservative
friends or you know we read conservative sources and talked about them with our
sources and talked about them with our
sources and talked about them with our conservative friends and so we thought
conservative friends and so we thought
conservative friends and so we thought that everyone we engaged with had the
that everyone we engaged with had the
that everyone we engaged with had the same opinion as us but from there we
same opinion as us but from there we
same opinion as us but from there we develop a sort of confirmation bias
develop a sort of confirmation bias
develop a sort of confirmation bias which is the tendency for us to seek out
which is the tendency for us to seek out
which is the tendency for us to seek out information that validates those beliefs
information that validates those beliefs
information that validates those beliefs so we think that everyone in a bubble
so we think that everyone in a bubble
so we think that everyone in a bubble thinks the same way as us and we think
thinks the same way as us and we think
thinks the same way as us and we think were the only ones that know the truth
were the only ones that know the truth
were the only ones that know the truth Jonathan lad a professor at Georgetown
Jonathan lad a professor at Georgetown
Jonathan lad a professor at Georgetown University writes in his book why
University writes in his book why
University writes in his book why Americans hate the media and how that
Americans hate the media and how that
Americans hate the media and how that matters that when we distress the media
matters that when we distress the media
matters that when we distress the media and rely on our politics for the truth
and rely on our politics for the truth
and rely on our politics for the truth we end up polarizing America and you
we end up polarizing America and you
we end up polarizing America and you don’t need to look far to see that
don’t need to look far to see that
don’t need to look far to see that that’s a testament to the truth you know
that’s a testament to the truth you know
that’s a testament to the truth you know we look at Congress we look at our
we look at Congress we look at our
we look at Congress we look at our neighborhoods it’s almost like we’re
neighborhoods it’s almost like we’re
neighborhoods it’s almost like we’re living in two different worlds not
living in two different worlds not
living in two different worlds not necessarily because we have different
necessarily because we have different
necessarily because we have different opinions but because we have different
opinions but because we have different
opinions but because we have different facts lab continues that if we continue
facts lab continues that if we continue
facts lab continues that if we continue to distrust the media we could fail to
to distrust the media we could fail to
to distrust the media we could fail to hold our leaders accountable and that’s
hold our leaders accountable and that’s
hold our leaders accountable and that’s something we just can’t afford now or
something we just can’t afford now or
something we just can’t afford now or ever you know as a journalist I can
ever you know as a journalist I can
ever you know as a journalist I can report on crises and scandals all I want
report on crises and scandals all I want
report on crises and scandals all I want but I have no power to change anything
but I have no power to change anything
but I have no power to change anything in this democracy that power rests on
in this democracy that power rests on
in this democracy that power rests on the ears that listen you know if we can
the ears that listen you know if we can
the ears that listen you know if we can trust our journalists when they say
trust our journalists when they say
trust our journalists when they say there’s a community that needs fixing in
there’s a community that needs fixing in
there’s a community that needs fixing in the world that needs help we should be
the world that needs help we should be
the world that needs help we should be more open to trusting them so that we
more open to trusting them so that we
more open to trusting them so that we can act but of course that doesn’t mean
can act but of course that doesn’t mean
can act but of course that doesn’t mean that we should blindly trust the media
that we should blindly trust the media
that we should blindly trust the media you know alternative sources like Mother
you know alternative sources like Mother
you know alternative sources like Mother Jones The Daily Caller Slade and Ross
Jones The Daily Caller Slade and Ross
Jones The Daily Caller Slade and Ross story you know have their own leaning
story you know have their own leaning
story you know have their own leaning biases that’s not to say that they can’t
biases that’s not to say that they can’t
biases that’s not to say that they can’t tell the truth it just means that
tell the truth it just means that
tell the truth it just means that they’re more likely to share news that
they’re more likely to share news that
they’re more likely to share news that their audience wants to hear the sort of
their audience wants to hear the sort of
their audience wants to hear the sort of news that should be heard I know I can’t
news that should be heard I know I can’t
news that should be heard I know I can’t think of how many times I’ve seen
think of how many times I’ve seen
think of how many times I’ve seen incorrect headlines like mysterious
incorrect headlines like mysterious
incorrect headlines like mysterious rogue planet on collision course with
rogue planet on collision course with
rogue planet on collision course with Earth’s you know I think we’ve all seen
Earth’s you know I think we’ve all seen
Earth’s you know I think we’ve all seen about a million doomsday stories
about a million doomsday stories
about a million doomsday stories and of course you can’t blindly trust
and of course you can’t blindly trust
and of course you can’t blindly trust that for the third thing that we should
that for the third thing that we should
that for the third thing that we should think about besides being conscious of
think about besides being conscious of
think about besides being conscious of their sources that we’re reading is
their sources that we’re reading is
their sources that we’re reading is supporting good journalism how many of
supporting good journalism how many of
supporting good journalism how many of us read our news for free I want to see
us read our news for free I want to see
us read our news for free I want to see every handle I okay and how many of us
every handle I okay and how many of us
every handle I okay and how many of us actually subscribe to an outlet or their
actually subscribe to an outlet or their
actually subscribe to an outlet or their digital or print okay good
digital or print okay good
digital or print okay good love you guys ah look I got my news for
love you guys ah look I got my news for
love you guys ah look I got my news for free too especially in this digital age
free too especially in this digital age
free too especially in this digital age it’s easier now than ever for us to read
it’s easier now than ever for us to read
it’s easier now than ever for us to read articles without having to spend a penny
articles without having to spend a penny
articles without having to spend a penny but as a journalist you know I have seen
but as a journalist you know I have seen
but as a journalist you know I have seen plenty of organizations slash funding
plenty of organizations slash funding
plenty of organizations slash funding for journalists all across the world and
if we demand good journalism then we
if we demand good journalism then we should support good journalism that
should support good journalism that
should support good journalism that dollar a week you know just don’t buy
dollar a week you know just don’t buy
dollar a week you know just don’t buy that Starbucks can really go a long way
that Starbucks can really go a long way
that Starbucks can really go a long way now well I’m not cut out to be a
now well I’m not cut out to be a
now well I’m not cut out to be a physicist I’m hoping I can survive as a
physicist I’m hoping I can survive as a
physicist I’m hoping I can survive as a journalist in a world that doesn’t seem
journalist in a world that doesn’t seem
journalist in a world that doesn’t seem to trust me just using but when there
to trust me just using but when there
to trust me just using but when there are literally thousands of sources at
are literally thousands of sources at
are literally thousands of sources at our fingertips we couldn’t be closer to
our fingertips we couldn’t be closer to
our fingertips we couldn’t be closer to finding the truth
the news media isn’t perfect because
the news media isn’t perfect because it’s run by imperfect people like us but
it’s run by imperfect people like us but
it’s run by imperfect people like us but it’s the best thing we’ve got I’m making
it’s the best thing we’ve got I’m making
it’s the best thing we’ve got I’m making a better world it offers us our best
a better world it offers us our best
a better world it offers us our best hope of understanding who we are what we
hope of understanding who we are what we
hope of understanding who we are what we value what is true and how we can listen
value what is true and how we can listen
value what is true and how we can listen to each other’s vastly diverse voices to
to each other’s vastly diverse voices to
to each other’s vastly diverse voices to truly make this country better
you
you [Applause]
”
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