a little bit for everyone’s attention
one and one for all
surely you have heard this phrase and
It is a phrase that I found personally
the most appropriate to describe what
I come to tell you generally when I
what this phrase first thing I think is
in support if you find yourself in
will receive support from someone and is curious
think that we can receive support from another
another person when we need but
[Music]
it’s common to see support
[Music]
we can see organisms that
collaborate with each other or we are not the
better collaborating and others
speakers just told them about
communication of message alliances
but we are envious that so
We are envious that we both make a
action because we hope that after
we reward them is curious in the
nature there are organisms that support
for the simple fact of supporting and that’s
something that calls me a lot
attention and that is part of what
studied the support in nature not
I can say that anything is support
I have to characterize it from that point
of sight biologists call for support
together as tourism the altruism
is any action that increases the
reproduction or survival of
organism that receives the aid although
this help hurt me to my own
reproduction and survival ie
I am supporting another being
although I die even if I leave
hurt though all that means
let it disappear
maybe you see from this point of view
I become disposable and the other
organism is doing well maybe you think about
a father with his son
maybe I can get shot by
my son
something like that is pretty much who they are
altruistic in nature because these
organisms that have surely seen in
your kitchen
the ants is my study model
I have been working with them since 2011
and let me tell you that for me always
I have found magnificent organisms
because within the system
communication that has
is an organism are organized do
so well what does that tend to be
called super organisms is to say a
superorganism is a colony of
self-organized individuals by means of
the division of labor and united by a
closed communication system
we are organisms that we tend to
organize ourselves through hierarchies
I have a boss I have a teacher that
govern the investigation
I have not be some director of the
states that are here but what happens
when you do not have a leader that happens
when your design forces you to nobody
can you tell me what to do you have to
decide then in nature that’s what
what’s up with these super organisms
in order to generate an order we
we have then to generate a
communication and decision making
in this aspect the communication the
let’s get by a language
totally different from the one we already
other speakers commented the
communication will be based on
chemistry smells pheromones the letters with
which is written the message of
these insects are smells and the way in
the one that reads them are with the antennas
then these organisms are going to happen
his life leaving messages that generate in
the abdomen that they generate in the legs and
that they generate in the sting and they’re going to
to go leaving everywhere and go
to read with the antennas
these structures that have the
organisms in the head are going to
allow to recognize the message that
others have left and interpret it
in turn, it will serve them for a
active communication touching each other
yes they can give another message or they can
communicate another intention that they would think
if I tell you that the app that
ants and some other insects will
kiss
there they remain skeptical when
have girlfriend and bezana his girlfriend
there are all very holy no
the kiss on human beings is a
expression of affection in organisms
it is not an expression of affection but
it serves to communicate and to give food
If you are hungry, you ask for food as
you ask for food through a kiss
ironically it is believed that kisses
humans also had a function
similar but do not imagine it please
it sounds a little disgusting
now regarding decision making
these organisms do not get complicated and I think
that I already liked the example of
brides tested the stimulus
I’m going to honor the organisms
they are present in the middle and they go to
receiving stimuli of any kind is
say that I can receive the
information that it’s hot that
it’s cold that I need to eat or
that I need to move when a
organism encounters a stimulus arrives
a decision point at that point of
decision has to decide which way
will take in this case unlike
US
decision making is a system
binary is to say yes or no
imagine how beautiful it would be if you
you ask your girlfriend what you want and the
forceful answer whether I want to leave or
I do not want to leave and be blunt not
have space to any other
interpretation of any other type
I think those who laughed already
they understood then to my opinion it would be
Excellent
in these organisms that happens I do the
action or I do not do the action accompanied
of a priority of those rules
if I find a baby out of his
cradle he picked it up and I took it
if I am doing an action
prior to taking out garbage and I find a
larva out of its place left the garbage
He took the larva and deposited it in his
place another one of my sisters will tend to
see that crap out of its place and its
stimulus will be there is something out of place
and your decision will probably be made
the trash and deposited it in the dumpster
or I do not and so on
now extrapolate this to a set of
billions of organisms is
easy to make a decision and many
organisms thinking in a simple way
can create order because they are not
fighting for who does things
they simply decide and if all
they collaborate individually
system makes sense if we are many
obviously we can divide the
work and the way in which these
organisms are divided the work is of
two ways in this previous way in
the one I’m telling you that a
organism does a specific job and
another one like us and they want to see it
A) Yes
and there is a higher evolutionary step that
we biologists call castes
the breeds are going to be an organism with
a particular body shape
designed to develop a task
particular in this case I’m sure that
have heard of the queens and the
workers of ants or bees
also in this case it is the castes
basic of this system the queens and
the males are the reproductive breed
they only serve to reproduce and no more
and the workers are going to make the caste that
is going to dedicate to give body to all the
super organism to the whole colony
If I have communication, I have a
series of stimuli or problems of
medium in which I develop and I have
long time
let’s say that natural selection is
put to play with that and this model
basic can change to pretty things
complex in this case is an ant
a worker and a soldier
although in reality the soldier never
evolved to attack
it just has a very jaw
strong to be able to crush seeds its
shape is designed for that and not
can do something else
another example that I really like have
heard about the marabunta ever
this is the marabunta and we can
find here close in veracruz
we do not have to go that far again
the soldier and the worker the worker is
designed to trim the dams that
case the set and the soldier does not work
for anything other than charge has
jaws so big that neither
you can even eat you just need to
new from the cooperation of his sisters
minors a division again of the
work are you I love in particular
they are called ants turtle
the group edefa lots sidibé the
trees using the tunnels of the
same plants as my refuge no longer
I have to fight in this region
anthill is scratching but
it would be nice to put a door no longer
I do not need to develop soldiers that
they are depending on others simply
I close the door is the worker
this is the soldier and his head is the
nest door did not waste energy on
create soldiers did not risk placing
soldiers who are fighting with
other organisms and just closed the
door
the enemy can pass over and neither
even know that I’m there and these
they have heard about jars
In fact we can find them here in
people are ants that live in the
desert
I have little food and I do not have a
cupboard where I keep it in my
sister
they practically become cupboards
living
these insects have a stomach
normal like ours and they want
see it like that with which they make their
ordinary digestion and they have and
another that is called boo stomach
social in social stomach keep
food like a small backpack if you
they want to see like that
if I have a small space because
do not do it a little bigger the
division of labor takes you
specialize to such a degree that you can
get things like these
something curious that is also interesting
of these organisms
all all those that you have
seen are females and are sterile
because they are sterile if I’m just going to
work all my life I do not have to
reproduce then me then to the
evolution was made very easy you know
that since you’re only going to work just
I give half of the genetic material that
has your mother because with that it’s more
that’s enough for you to work
then imagine a society in the
that we have some that
they only reproduce practically
it’s something we’re never going to see in the
mammals but it is not evident that it is
a much more evolutionary level
specialized of what we can
aspire to reach in some
moment some of the speakers
previous talks about cooperating and
they gave a point of view of how
We can cooperate among us in the
nature
What are the advantages of being altruistic or
where can the fact of
cooperate
well simply make more efficient if
I for example want to go eat
right now we go out we go to
recess I put the cookies there
I go as a shaft out because I already
all of you arrived so I did not go to
recess if you all arrived
the resource is divided that would have happened
if all the speakers come out first and
on the whole
we cover all the resource that
would you touch anything be montonero
allows you to take better advantage of a resource
exploit the best be more competitive and
leave without recourse those who do not
they work in groups
so I’m not telling you to be
Montoneros in another context
only that nature has served
this strategy and it has served you
too much these organisms that you
they see in their kitchens they are older than
we much older have
approximately 75 million years
above ground and the basic model does not
It has changed a lot
of all these bugs there according to
I remember 15 thousand 900 different species
they are too many in too many contexts
different and with too many strategies
but who are the best from the
organization’s point of view
socially that you have then are the groups in
particular the weaver ants of a
genre called the coffee I made it very
nice but I do not know who said it
good to me they seem pretty they are
Arboreal ants their nests are
develop in trees
so I do not know if they can see or not
have something strange that the leaves are
folded are glued with a glue
with a silk and the particular thing is that that
will be the production the larvae the
babies
if you want to see it like that is to say it’s a
society with so much division of labor
that even their babies play a role and
nougat to cooperate in construction
then we have two castes again a
small a little bigger and the larva
the large caste holds the leaves and the
small breed is responsible for holding
the larva of telling him to believe is the
silk and the long is what make up all
the structure is practically a
teamwork of the babies with the
adults and these are like that the most
have seen those little rows that
They carry some little leaves like
candles leaf cutting ants
immense sounds this is only the part
top of the book the size of a
person
I’m talking about a structure that
is buried 10 meters below the
land that can be dispersed almost 200
meters around has temperature
moisture controlled a drainage system
and all because these organisms are
farmers these ants that
belong to the genres
ataya chrome imex are farmers
older
on the face of the earth they cultivated
since before the dinosaurs
what you see here is a mushroom a
symbiont is to say that the fungus does not
survive without the ant and the ant
not always survive sinologist
then these bugs to be able
cultivate to longo have developed up
20 different houses 20 sizes
different
simply to be efficient and
here is something else quite peculiar
I can not only ally myself with a being
I can partner with many in this case
this white powder that you see are
bacteria is a triple alliance if it
they want to see like that
in this case the ant takes care of longo and
serves as a substrate for the bacteria
this bacterium that grows on the ant
generates an antibiotic that allows
disinfect both the ant and the
anthill and in return the fungus feeds
to both when we say that
to collaborate is something easy or it is done to us
easy to see this kind of relationship in the
nature
it’s really very easy to believe that
they got from the night to the morning but in
reality is a little bit more complex than
its if we can not get on
agreement
imagine that two organisms of two
different kingdoms agree
generally the processes by which
the organisms acquire or achieve
develop these strategies are very
rare too rare in insects
only 15 groups achieve this from the
billions of groups that we have
the fact that a strategy yes
develop represents many expenses in
your start but if you achieve
perfect you can get this
these little bugs that I am telling you
here are the headache of the
farmers are we talking about 30
millions of dollars lost every year
in the Mexican fields why because
they eat our our crops
our leaves everything that we
we sow these organisms are going to
destroy are even a greater risk
that the same cattle
who would think that an insect can
represent such a big problem for
the farmers
if you believe that the organisms
tiny is not worth anything or can not
harm
Well, I think we have the greatest
proof that a small organism
even well organized can be even
greater a greater risk for us
I hope or at least I like to think that
after you see this change
a little bit his way of seeing the
small organisms all the talks
today they have talked about economics
of message communication all
focused on us but they consider that
can teach us the other beings that
exist on earth and in fact we have
a problem with global warming
more species are extinguished than
we imagine four species per minute
how many species can be extinguished in
the fifteen minutes of the talk and
how many we know much less about these
organisms
then biologists have the task
to discover what organisms are in
the earth and how can we benefit
these kinds of things are useful for
us biotechnology can we
bring many things
I hope that after seeing even
this sample very small and very
superficial of what my group of
study is that you want with an idea
different from the more organisms
little ones
then I hope that next time
who come to your house and stop this one
for sugar
please do not go postpone the
ants please no
”
Be First to Comment